WO2020254709A1 - Additive layer printer - Google Patents

Additive layer printer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020254709A1
WO2020254709A1 PCT/ES2020/070402 ES2020070402W WO2020254709A1 WO 2020254709 A1 WO2020254709 A1 WO 2020254709A1 ES 2020070402 W ES2020070402 W ES 2020070402W WO 2020254709 A1 WO2020254709 A1 WO 2020254709A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
endless conveyor
plane
laminar material
printing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2020/070402
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio Jesus Guerra Sanchez
Arcadi Castanyer Caballe
Jorge Juan Vilà Alfonso
Raffaele Caminati
Francisco Javier Planta Torralba
Virginia GARCÍA CANDEL
Miquel Domingo Espin
Original Assignee
Fundació Eurecat
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fundació Eurecat filed Critical Fundació Eurecat
Publication of WO2020254709A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020254709A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B65/00—Implements for throwing  ; Mechanical projectors, e.g. using spring force
    • A63B65/12—Ball-throwing apparatus with or without catchers ; Mechanical projectors, e.g. using spring force
    • A63B65/122—Hand-held mechanical projectors, e.g. for balls
    • A63B65/125—Hand-held mechanical projectors, e.g. for balls with handles or grips on both sides of the catching-throwing means, for two-handed use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/171—Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
    • B29C64/176—Sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an additive layer printer, that is, a printer that prints bodies with volume by superimposing successive layers or layers of material, which is commonly known as 3D printing.
  • This printer is specially designed to print on a laminar material, optionally textile, supplied continuously to the printing area.
  • Additive layer printers are known, and there are many different technologies.
  • document WO2018194446A1 describes a printer equipped with a printing head movable in a printing plane inclined with respect to a conveyor belt intended to support a 3D object printed by said printing head, the layers formed in an oblique direction with respect to the conveyor belt.
  • This document mentions the heating of the conveyor belt to avoid an excessively rapid solidification of the deposited material, or the inclusion of a fixing system by means of suction under the conveyor belt to increase the adhesion between the printed objects and the conveyor belt, without
  • this document does not propose any solution that allows combining the suction function with the heating function.
  • US2015224718A1 describe a similar printing machine but that deposits oblique layers of a powder material on the conveyor belt to later solidify certain areas of said layers, creating 3D solids inside a powder mass that can later be eliminated by releasing the 3D solids.
  • the present invention concerns an additive layer printer.
  • an additive layer printer is a printer capable of depositing a plurality of superimposed layers of a settable printing material creating a three-dimensional solid.
  • the settable printing material will be a hot melt material which is fluid at temperatures above room temperature but which solidifies at room temperature, such as plastic.
  • other printing technologies are also considered within the scope of the present invention, such as printing materials that solidify under the influence of direct light, special light or in chemical interaction with the atmosphere.
  • the proposed additive printer comprises, in a way known per se in the state of the art:
  • At least one printing head movable along a printing plane and configured to deposit controlled amounts of a solidifiable printing material at predefined positions within said printing plane;
  • the proposed additive printer comprises a continuous belt endless conveyor belt, typically tensioned between guide drums transverse to the endless conveyor belt, the movement of the endless conveyor belt being driven and controlled by a motor.
  • the band moves in a direction of advance, allowing any element deposited on it to be moved in said direction of advance.
  • One or more print heads move across the width and along a print plane allowing one layer to be printed.
  • Said printing plane is inclined with respect to the endless conveyor belt, a first edge of the printing plane being adjacent to and transverse to the supporting plane of the endless conveyor belt, and a second edge of the printing plane being opposite the first edge, further forward than the first edge in the forward direction and at a greater distance from the support plane of the endless conveyor belt than the first edge.
  • the relative inclination between the support plane and the printing plane will preferably be between 15 ° and 45 °, although other greater angles are also contemplated, and may even form an angle of 90 °.
  • This configuration allows the print head or heads to print layers that are oblique with respect to the support plane of the endless conveyor belt, or even perpendicular to it.
  • the print head or heads and the endless conveyor belt are coordinated by means of a control unit that is responsible for coordinating the movement of the endless conveyor belt in the direction of advance, typically with distances equal to the thickness of a layer, with the displacement of the print head or heads and the deposition of print material.
  • An accumulation of oblique layers allows any desired three-dimensional body to be printed on the endless conveyor belt.
  • the proposed printer also includes at least one heating device located below the support plane of the endless conveyor belt and in thermal contact with it for heating, preventing the material from exceeding the glass transition temperature and therefore will remain adhered. thus avoiding deformations in the subsequent overlapping layers and other printing quality problems.
  • the present invention further proposes, in a way not known from the state of the art, that:
  • the at least one heating device comprises a perforated plate that has an associated electrical heating resistance, said perforated plate being integrated into a suction chamber covering it, said suction chamber being connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid to generate a partial emptiness inside, and
  • the endless conveyor belt is associated with a system that helps to keep the laminar material, in particular textile, attached to the aforementioned support plane of the endless conveyor belt.
  • a suction chamber covered with a perforated plate associated with an electrical resistance.
  • the suction chamber will be located between the support plane that moves in the forward direction and another return section. of the endless conveyor belt moving in the opposite direction to form the closed belt endless conveyor belt.
  • the set of perforated plate and electrical resistance acts as a heating device that is just below the endless, parallel, adjacent conveyor belt and in thermal contact with it, so that the heat generated by the electrical resistance heats the perforated plate which in turn heats up the endless conveyor belt.
  • the perforated plate covers the suction chamber, which is a closed chamber connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid in charge of extracting the gaseous fluid from its interior, producing a partial vacuum inside.
  • Said suction chamber will therefore be covered by a perforated plate in close contact with an endless conveyor belt that is proposed to be permeable to air, generating an air stream that passes through the endless conveyor belt and the perforated plate generating suction. on the endless conveyor belt, while allowing its heating.
  • the pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid may be, for example, a pump or a fan.
  • the aid system in maintaining the laminar material, such as a textile canvas, attached to the support plane comprises a system that provides said laminar material with tensioning in the longitudinal X axis of the band endless conveyor, and / or in the Y axis, transversal.
  • Said system that provides tensioning to the laminar material in the X axis can be implemented by means of elastic elements that apply a vertical component against said support plane of the laminar material.
  • the system that provides tensioning to the sheet material in the transverse Y axis comprises an alignment of spiked rollers, of free rotation, which engage against lateral, peripheral bands of the sheet material and They hook them against some profiles that act as a counterpoint, said rollers comprising tensioning elements in the transverse direction.
  • the aid system in maintaining the laminar material, attached to the support plane is provided by the surface of the endless conveyor belt that has associated a device for impregnating an adherent agent that is applied in a section of the lower face of said band.
  • the aid system in maintaining the laminar material, attached to the support plane comprises nozzles that provide a stream of gaseous fluid that impinges against the upper plane of the laminar material spread on the upper face of the strip. conveyor.
  • a gaseous fluid can be air, but it can also refer to other gases, preferably nitrogen and argon, or mixtures of them.
  • the proposed printer further includes a supply reel that stores rolled up a laminar material, said supply reel being transverse to the direction of advance for the supply of laminar material on said endless conveyor belt in the direction forward.
  • a supply reel that stores rolled up a laminar material, said supply reel being transverse to the direction of advance for the supply of laminar material on said endless conveyor belt in the direction forward.
  • the supply reel defines in its center an axis which is transverse to the direction of advance, parallel to the guide drums that support the endless conveyor belt, thus allowing the laminar material to be unwound from the supply reel in the direction of advance by dragging produced by the endless conveyor belt.
  • the supply reel will be supported on a chassis shared with the rest of the additive printer, by means of a free rotating joint that allows the supply reel to rotate freely.
  • a control unit is connected to the heating device and to the pneumatic suction device of a gaseous fluid for its regulation, optionally being also connected to a temperature sensor integrated in the heating device.
  • the control unit will be configured to regulate the heating device and / or the pneumatic suction device of a gaseous fluid in response to the readings obtained from the temperature sensor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the proposed additive printer, in which the signal connections between the control unit 60 and the other components are indicated with a broken line;
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic exploded perspective view of the suction chamber 40 connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid 41, and of the heating device 30 that acts as a cover and that integrates a perforated plate 31 and an electrical resistance 32;
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show two three-dimensional perspective views of the relative arrangement of the nozzles 70, the pneumatic gaseous fluid suction device 41, the endless conveyor belt 21, the laminar material 51, for example, a textile canvas , the rollers 55 with spikes, of free rotation, profiles 56 and tensioning elements 57, as well as the solidifiable printing material 2 already deposited on the laminar material 51 and the impregnation device 54 of the endless conveyor belt 21;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic front sectional view of the elements referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic plan view of the lower part of the elements of the additive printer referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic side sectional view of the elements of the additive printer referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic plan view of the upper part of the elements of the additive printer referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
  • the proposed additive printer comprises a chassis that supports an endless conveyor belt 21 provided with a support plane 20 and one or more print heads 11 movable in a printing plane 10, the support plane 20 and the printing plane 10 being inclined relative to each other at an angle which will preferably be between 15 ° and 45 °.
  • the endless conveyor belt 21 is made up of at least two parallel and spaced guide drums 45 between which the endless conveyor belt 21 is tensioned defining said horizontal support plane between them. At least one of the rollers is driven by a motor 22, allowing the endless conveyor belt 21 to move along the support plane 20 in a direction of advance DA, which is perpendicular to the axes of said rollers.
  • the printing head 11 be displaceable along a printing plane 10, which will be delimited by a frame fixed to said chassis.
  • first guides being defined in the frame
  • second guides being fixed to the first guides of sliding shape, allowing the movement of the second guides in the direction defined by the first guides by means of a drive controlled by a motor.
  • the print head or heads 11 will / will be fixed to the second guides in a sliding manner, allowing their movement in the direction defined by the second guides by means of a drive controlled by another motor.
  • the result of said construction will comprise one or more printing heads 11 that will be able to move freely and precisely along the printing plane 10 delimited by the frame, by means of the precise drive of the motors described, controlled in coordination with the motor 22 actuator. of the endless conveyor belt 21 by a control unit 60.
  • the proposed additive printer also includes a suction chamber 40 located just below the support plane 20, which is connected to a pneumatic suction device. of a gaseous fluid 41 through pipes, allowing the gaseous fluid to be extracted from the interior of the suction chamber 40 generating a partial vacuum inside it.
  • An upper face of the suction chamber 40 is covered by a perforated plate 31 parallel and adjacent to the support plane 20 of the endless conveyor belt 21, the openings of the perforated plate 31 being covered by the endless conveyor belt 21, which It is proposed that it be an air-permeable endless conveyor belt 21, so that the surface of the support plane is subjected to suction, the air passing through the permeable endless conveyor belt 21 and through the openings of the perforated plate 31.
  • the perforated plate 31 integrates an attached electrical resistance 32, in close thermal contact, together forming a heating device 30 that, when heated by the effect of the electrical resistance 32, transmits the heat to the endless conveyor belt 21 supported on the perforated plate 31.
  • the electrical resistance 32 will preferably be arranged in a zigzagging path avoiding the openings of the perforated plate 31.
  • the control unit 60 will be connected to the printing head or heads 11 and to the motors that control its movement, to the motor 22 that controls the movement of the endless conveyor belt 21, to the electrical resistance 32 of the heating device 30, to the suction device pneumatic of a gaseous fluid 41 and, optionally, also to a temperature sensor 33 integrated in the heating device 30.
  • the control unit will coordinate the movement of the print head or heads 11 and the endless conveyor belt 21, to achieve a correct addition of layers to obtain a three-dimensional printed object, and will also coordinate the suction produced by the suction device. tire of a gaseous fluid 41 and the temperature supplied by the electrical resistance 32, considering that the sucked gaseous fluid flow will produce a decrease in the temperature of the endless conveyor belt 21 reached by the electrical resistance32.
  • Said coordination may additionally take into consideration the temperature readings obtained from the temperature sensor 33.
  • a supply reel 50 is also included in which there is sheet material, for example a textile band, wound, said reel being of supply 50 located near the beginning of the support plane 20 of the endless conveyor belt 21, with the central axis of the supply reel 50 transverse to the direction of advance DA, that is to say parallel to the axes of rotation of the drums guide 45 that support the endless conveyor belt 21.
  • the supply reel 50 is supported on said chassis, and that it be free to rotate, allowing a free unwinding of the laminar material.
  • the suction retains said laminar material on the endless conveyor belt 21, heating it by effect of the electrical resistance 32 and dragging it with the displacement of the endless conveyor belt 21, causing the supply roll 50 to unwind, and transport it past the printing plane 10.
  • the print head (s) 11 will / will produce the print on top of the sheet material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

An additive layer printer comprises one or more printing heads (11) movable along a tilted printing plane (10), configured to deposit a solidifiable printing material (2), within said printing plane (10) delimited by an endless conveyor belt (21), air permeable, driven by a motor (22) in a feeding direction (DA), defining a support plane (20) of a laminar material (51), optionally a textile canvas, positioned underneath the printing plane (10), and a heating device (30) located below the support plane (20) of the endless conveyor belt (21) where there is also a suction chamber (40), having the endless conveyor belt (21) associated an auxiliary system in maintaining the laminar material (51), attached to said support plane (20) of the endless conveyor belt (21).

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
IMPRESORA ADITIVA DE ESTRATOS ADDITIVE LAYER PRINTER
Campo de la técnica Technical field
La presente invención concierne a una impresora aditiva de estratos, es decir a una impresora que imprime cuerpos con volumen mediante la superposición de sucesivos estratos o capas de material, lo que comúnmente se conoce como impresión 3D. The present invention concerns an additive layer printer, that is, a printer that prints bodies with volume by superimposing successive layers or layers of material, which is commonly known as 3D printing.
Esta impresora está prevista especialmente para imprimir sobre un material laminar, opcionalmente textil suministrado en continuo a la zona de impresión. This printer is specially designed to print on a laminar material, optionally textile, supplied continuously to the printing area.
Estado de la técnica State of the art
Son conocidas las impresoras aditivas de estratos, existiendo múltiples tecnologías diferentes. Additive layer printers are known, and there are many different technologies.
Por ejemplo, el documento WO2018194446A1 describe una impresora dotada de un cabezal de impresión desplazable en un plano de impresión inclinado respecto a una banda transportadora prevista para soportar un objeto 3D impreso por dicho cabezal de impresión, quedando los estratos formados en una dirección oblicua respecto a la banda transportadora. Este documento menciona la calefacción de la banda transportadora para evitar una solidificación excesivamente rápida del material depositado, o la inclusión de un sistema de fijación por medio de succión debajo de la banda transportadora para incrementar la adhesión entre los objetos impresos y la banda transportadora, sin embargo, este documento no propone ninguna solución que permita combinar la función de la succión con la función de la calefacción. For example, document WO2018194446A1 describes a printer equipped with a printing head movable in a printing plane inclined with respect to a conveyor belt intended to support a 3D object printed by said printing head, the layers formed in an oblique direction with respect to the conveyor belt. This document mentions the heating of the conveyor belt to avoid an excessively rapid solidification of the deposited material, or the inclusion of a fixing system by means of suction under the conveyor belt to increase the adhesion between the printed objects and the conveyor belt, without However, this document does not propose any solution that allows combining the suction function with the heating function.
Los documentos US2015290881 A1 , US2016318251A1 , WO2013174361A1 y US2015290881 A1, US2016318251A1, WO2013174361A1 and
US2015224718A1 describen una máquina impresora similar pero que deposita sobra la banda transportadora estratos oblicuos de un material en polvo para posteriormente solidificar zonas determinadas de dichos estratos, creando sólidos 3D en el interior de una masa en polvo que puede posteriormente ser eliminada liberando los sólidos 3D. US2015224718A1 describe a similar printing machine but that deposits oblique layers of a powder material on the conveyor belt to later solidify certain areas of said layers, creating 3D solids inside a powder mass that can later be eliminated by releasing the 3D solids.
Breve descripción de la invención Brief description of the invention
La presente invención concierne a una impresora aditiva de estratos. The present invention concerns an additive layer printer.
Se entenderá que una impresora aditiva de estratos es una impresora con capacidad para depositar una pluralidad de estratos superpuestos de un material de impresión solidificable creando un sólido tridimensional. Típicamente el material de impresión solidificable será un material termofusible que es fluido a temperaturas superiores a la temperatura ambiente pero que se solidifica a temperatura ambiente, como por ejemplo plástico. Sin embargo otras tecnologías de impresión también se consideran dentro del alcance de la presente invención, como por ejemplo materiales de impresión que solidifican bajo la influencia de la luz directa, de una luz especial o en interacción química con la atmósfera. It will be understood that an additive layer printer is a printer capable of depositing a plurality of superimposed layers of a settable printing material creating a three-dimensional solid. Typically the settable printing material will be a hot melt material which is fluid at temperatures above room temperature but which solidifies at room temperature, such as plastic. However, other printing technologies are also considered within the scope of the present invention, such as printing materials that solidify under the influence of direct light, special light or in chemical interaction with the atmosphere.
La impresora aditiva propuesta comprende, de un modo en sí conocido en el estado de la técnica: The proposed additive printer comprises, in a way known per se in the state of the art:
• al menos un cabezal de impresión desplazable a lo largo de un plano de impresión y configurado para depositar unas cantidades controladas de un material de impresión solidificable en unas posiciones predefinidas dentro de dicho plano de impresión; • at least one printing head movable along a printing plane and configured to deposit controlled amounts of a solidifiable printing material at predefined positions within said printing plane;
• una banda transportadora sin fin, flexible e inelástica, en una dirección de avance (DA), accionada por un motor, extendida entre dos tambores de guiado, definiendo una cara superior de la banda transportadora sin fin, un plano de soporte de un material laminar, opcionalmente un lienzo textil, que queda posicionado por debajo del plano de impresión, estando el plano de impresión inclinado respecto al plano de soporte, y • an endless, flexible and inelastic conveyor belt, in a forward direction (DA), driven by a motor, extended between two guide drums, defining an upper face of the endless conveyor belt, a support plane of a material Laminate, optionally a textile canvas, which is positioned below the printing plane, the printing plane being inclined with respect to the support plane, and
• al menos un dispositivo calefactor situado debajo del plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin, en contacto térmico con la misma. • at least one heating device located below the support plane of the endless conveyor belt, in thermal contact with it.
Así pues la impresora aditiva propuesta comprende una banda transportadora sin fin de banda continua, típicamente tensada entre unos tambores de guiado transversales a la banda transportadora sin fin, estando el desplazamiento de la banda transportadora sin fin accionado y controlado por un motor. La banda se desplaza en una dirección de avance, permitiendo desplazar cualquier elemento sobre ella depositado en dicha dirección de avance. Thus, the proposed additive printer comprises a continuous belt endless conveyor belt, typically tensioned between guide drums transverse to the endless conveyor belt, the movement of the endless conveyor belt being driven and controlled by a motor. The band moves in a direction of advance, allowing any element deposited on it to be moved in said direction of advance.
Uno o más cabezales de impresión se desplaza/n a lo ancho y a lo largo de un plano de impresión permitiendo la impresión de un estrato. Dicho plano de impresión está inclinado respecto a la banda transportadora sin fin, estando una primera arista del plano de impresión adyacente al plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin y transversal al mismo, y estando una segunda arista del plano de impresión, opuesta a la primera arista, más adelantada que la primera arista en la dirección de avance y a una mayor distancia del plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin que la primera arista. La inclinación relativa entre el plano de soporte y el plano de impresión estará preferiblemente comprendido entre los 15° y los 45°, aunque se contemplan también otros ángulos mayores, pudiendo incluso llegar a formar un ángulo de 90°. One or more print heads move across the width and along a print plane allowing one layer to be printed. Said printing plane is inclined with respect to the endless conveyor belt, a first edge of the printing plane being adjacent to and transverse to the supporting plane of the endless conveyor belt, and a second edge of the printing plane being opposite the first edge, further forward than the first edge in the forward direction and at a greater distance from the support plane of the endless conveyor belt than the first edge. The relative inclination between the support plane and the printing plane will preferably be between 15 ° and 45 °, although other greater angles are also contemplated, and may even form an angle of 90 °.
Esta configuración permite que el cabezal o cabezales de impresión puedan imprimir estratos que son oblicuos respecto al plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin, o incluso perpendiculares al mismo. El cabezal o cabezales de impresión y la banda transportadora sin fin están coordinados mediante una unidad de control que se encarga de coordinar el desplazamiento de la banda transportadora sin fin en la dirección de avance, típicamente con distancias iguales al grosor de un estrato, con el desplazamiento del cabezal o cabezales de impresión y la deposición de material de impresión. Una acumulación de estratos oblicuos permite imprimir cualquier cuerpo tridimensional deseado sobre la banda transportadora sin fin. This configuration allows the print head or heads to print layers that are oblique with respect to the support plane of the endless conveyor belt, or even perpendicular to it. The print head or heads and the endless conveyor belt are coordinated by means of a control unit that is responsible for coordinating the movement of the endless conveyor belt in the direction of advance, typically with distances equal to the thickness of a layer, with the displacement of the print head or heads and the deposition of print material. An accumulation of oblique layers allows any desired three-dimensional body to be printed on the endless conveyor belt.
La impresora propuesta incluye además al menos un dispositivo calefactor situado por debajo del plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin y en contacto térmico con la misma para su calentamiento, impidiendo que el material supere la temperatura de transición vitrea y por tanto se mantendrá adherido evitando así deformaciones en los estratos posteriores superpuestos y otros problemas de calidad a la impresión. The proposed printer also includes at least one heating device located below the support plane of the endless conveyor belt and in thermal contact with it for heating, preventing the material from exceeding the glass transition temperature and therefore will remain adhered. thus avoiding deformations in the subsequent overlapping layers and other printing quality problems.
Se entenderá que el plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin está enfrentado al plano de impresión. It will be understood that the support plane of the endless conveyor belt faces the printing plane.
La presente invención propone además, de un modo no conocido por el estado de la técnica, que: The present invention further proposes, in a way not known from the state of the art, that:
• la banda transportadora sin fin es permeable al aire; • the endless conveyor belt is permeable to air;
• el al menos un dispositivo calefactor comprende una placa perforada que tiene asociada una resistencia eléctrica de calentamiento, estando integrada dicha placa perforada en una cámara de succión cubriéndola, estando dicha cámara de succión conectada a un dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso para generar un vacío parcial en su interior, y • the at least one heating device comprises a perforated plate that has an associated electrical heating resistance, said perforated plate being integrated into a suction chamber covering it, said suction chamber being connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid to generate a partial emptiness inside, and
• la banda transportadora sin fin tiene asociado un sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar, en particular textil, adosado al citado plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin. • the endless conveyor belt is associated with a system that helps to keep the laminar material, in particular textile, attached to the aforementioned support plane of the endless conveyor belt.
Por lo tanto se propone situar, por debajo del plano de soporte de la banda transportadora sin fin enfrentado al plano de impresión, una cámara de succión cubierta con una placa perforada asociada a una resistencia eléctrica. Típicamente la cámara de succión se ubicará entre el plano de soporte que se desplaza en la dirección de avance y otro tramo de retorno de la banda transportadora sin fin que se desplaza en dirección opuesta para conformar la banda transportadora sin fin de banda cerrada. Therefore, it is proposed to place, below the support plane of the endless conveyor belt facing the printing plane, a suction chamber covered with a perforated plate associated with an electrical resistance. Typically the suction chamber will be located between the support plane that moves in the forward direction and another return section. of the endless conveyor belt moving in the opposite direction to form the closed belt endless conveyor belt.
El conjunto de placa perforada y resistencia eléctrica hace las funciones de dispositivo calefactor que está justo debajo de la banda transportadora sin fin, paralelo, adyacente y en contacto térmico con la misma, de manera que el calor generado por la resistencia eléctrica calienta la placa perforada que a su vez calienta la banda transportadora sin fin. The set of perforated plate and electrical resistance acts as a heating device that is just below the endless, parallel, adjacent conveyor belt and in thermal contact with it, so that the heat generated by the electrical resistance heats the perforated plate which in turn heats up the endless conveyor belt.
La placa perforada cubre la cámara de succión, que es una cámara cerrada conectada a un dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso encargado de extraer el fluido gaseoso de su interior produciendo un vacío parcial en su interior. The perforated plate covers the suction chamber, which is a closed chamber connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid in charge of extracting the gaseous fluid from its interior, producing a partial vacuum inside.
Dicha cámara de succión estará por lo tanto cubierta mediante una placa perforada en contacto estrecho con una banda transportadora sin fin que se propone que sea permeable al aire, generando una corriente de aire que atraviesa la banda transportadora sin fin y la placa perforada generando una succión sobre la banda transportadora sin fin, a la vez que permite su calefacción. Said suction chamber will therefore be covered by a perforated plate in close contact with an endless conveyor belt that is proposed to be permeable to air, generating an air stream that passes through the endless conveyor belt and the perforated plate generating suction. on the endless conveyor belt, while allowing its heating.
El dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso podrá ser por ejemplo una bomba o un ventilador. The pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid may be, for example, a pump or a fan.
Según una realización de la presente invención, el sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar, tal como un lienzo textil, adosado al plano de soporte, comprende un sistema que proporciona a dicho material laminar un tensionado en el eje X, longitudinal, de la banda transportadora sin fin, y/o en el eje Y, transversal. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aid system in maintaining the laminar material, such as a textile canvas, attached to the support plane, comprises a system that provides said laminar material with tensioning in the longitudinal X axis of the band endless conveyor, and / or in the Y axis, transversal.
Dicho sistema que proporciona un tensionado al material laminar en el eje X puede implementarse mediante unos elementos elásticos que aplican una componente vertical contra el citado plano de soporte del material laminar. Said system that provides tensioning to the laminar material in the X axis can be implemented by means of elastic elements that apply a vertical component against said support plane of the laminar material.
En otra realización de la presente invención, el sistema que proporciona un tensionado al material laminar en el eje Y, transversal, comprende una alineación de rodillos con púas, de giro libre, que se aplican contra unas bandas laterales, periféricas, del material laminar y las enganchan contra unos perfiles que actúan de contrapunto, comprendiendo dichos rodillos unos elementos tensores en sentido transversal. In another embodiment of the present invention, the system that provides tensioning to the sheet material in the transverse Y axis comprises an alignment of spiked rollers, of free rotation, which engage against lateral, peripheral bands of the sheet material and They hook them against some profiles that act as a counterpoint, said rollers comprising tensioning elements in the transverse direction.
Según otra realización de la presente invención, el sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar, adosado al plano de soporte, está proporcionado por la superficie de la banda transportadora sin fin que tiene asociado un dispositivo de impregnación de un agente adherente que se aplica en un tramo de la cara inferior de dicha banda. En otra realización de la presente invención, el sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar, adosado al plano de soporte, comprende unas toberas que proporcionan una corriente de fluido gaseoso que incide contra el plano superior del material laminar extendido sobre la cara superior de la banda transportadora. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the aid system in maintaining the laminar material, attached to the support plane, is provided by the surface of the endless conveyor belt that has associated a device for impregnating an adherent agent that is applied in a section of the lower face of said band. In another embodiment of the present invention, the aid system in maintaining the laminar material, attached to the support plane, comprises nozzles that provide a stream of gaseous fluid that impinges against the upper plane of the laminar material spread on the upper face of the strip. conveyor.
La persona experta en la materia entenderá que un fluido gaseoso puede ser aire, pero también se puede referir a otros gases, preferiblemente nitrógeno y argón, o mezclas de ellos. The person skilled in the art will understand that a gaseous fluid can be air, but it can also refer to other gases, preferably nitrogen and argon, or mixtures of them.
Según otra realización de la presente invención, la impresora propuesta incluye además una bobina de suministro que almacena enrollado un material laminar, siendo dicha bobina de suministro transversal a la dirección de avance para el suministro del material laminar sobre dicha banda transportadora sin fin en la dirección de avance. Al depositar un extremo del material laminar sobre la banda transportadora sin fin dicho material laminar quedará adherido a la banda transportadora sin fin por succión, produciendo su calentamiento y su arrastre con el desplazamiento de la banda transportadora sin fin por delante del plano de impresión, permitiendo realizar la impresión directamente sobre dicho material laminar. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the proposed printer further includes a supply reel that stores rolled up a laminar material, said supply reel being transverse to the direction of advance for the supply of laminar material on said endless conveyor belt in the direction forward. When depositing one end of the laminar material on the endless conveyor belt, said laminar material will remain attached to the endless conveyor belt by suction, causing it to heat up and drag it with the displacement of the endless conveyor belt in front of the printing plane, allowing make the impression directly on said laminar material.
Se entiende que la bobina de suministro define en su centro un eje el cual es transversal a la dirección de avance, paralelo a los tambores de guiado que soportan la banda transportadora sin fin, permitiendo así desenrollar el material laminar de la bobina de suministro en la dirección de avance mediante el arrastre producido por la banda transportadora sin fin. It is understood that the supply reel defines in its center an axis which is transverse to the direction of advance, parallel to the guide drums that support the endless conveyor belt, thus allowing the laminar material to be unwound from the supply reel in the direction of advance by dragging produced by the endless conveyor belt.
La bobina de suministro estará soportada sobre un chasis compartido con el resto de la impresora aditiva, mediante una unión rotativa libre que permita el giro libre de la bobina de suministro. The supply reel will be supported on a chassis shared with the rest of the additive printer, by means of a free rotating joint that allows the supply reel to rotate freely.
Se propone además que una unidad de control esté conectada al dispositivo calefactor y al dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso para su regulación, opcionalmente estando conectada además a un sensor de temperatura integrado en el dispositivo calefactor. En tal caso la unidad de control estará configurada para la regulación del dispositivo calefactor y/o del dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso en respuesta a las lecturas obtenidas del sensor de temperatura. It is further proposed that a control unit is connected to the heating device and to the pneumatic suction device of a gaseous fluid for its regulation, optionally being also connected to a temperature sensor integrated in the heating device. In this case, the control unit will be configured to regulate the heating device and / or the pneumatic suction device of a gaseous fluid in response to the readings obtained from the temperature sensor.
Se propone también que, a fin de que la banda transportadora sin fin sea permeable al aire, dicha banda transportadora sin fin esté microperforada o alternativamente que sea de un material poroso. A su vez, la placa perforada se propone que tenga perforaciones iguales o mayores a 2mm de diámetro. It is also proposed that, in order for the endless conveyor belt to be permeable to air, said endless conveyor belt is micro-perforated or alternatively made of a porous material. In turn, the perforated plate is proposed to have perforations equal to or greater than 2mm in diameter.
Otras características de la invención aparecerán en la siguiente descripción detallada de un ejemplo de realización. Other characteristics of the invention will appear in the following detailed description of an embodiment.
Breve descripción de las figuras Brief description of the figures
Las anteriores y otras ventajas y características se comprenderán más plenamente a partir de la siguiente descripción detallada de un ejemplo de realización con referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, que deben tomarse a título ilustrativo y no limitativo, en los que: The foregoing and other advantages and characteristics will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of an embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, which should be taken by way of illustration and not limitation, in which:
la Fig. 1 muestra una vista esquemática en sección de la impresora aditiva propuesta, en la que se han indicado con línea discontinua las conexiones de señal entre la unidad de control 60 y los otros componentes; Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the proposed additive printer, in which the signal connections between the control unit 60 and the other components are indicated with a broken line;
la Fig. 2 muestra una vista esquemática en perspectiva explotada de la cámara de succión 40 conectada a un dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso 41 , y del dispositivo calefactor 30 que le hace de tapa y que integra una placa perforada 31 y una resistencia eléctrica 32; Fig. 2 shows a schematic exploded perspective view of the suction chamber 40 connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid 41, and of the heating device 30 that acts as a cover and that integrates a perforated plate 31 and an electrical resistance 32;
las Fig. 3 y Fig. 4 muestran dos vistas tridimensionales en perspectiva de la disposición relativa de las toberas 70, del dispositivo succionador neumático de fluido gaseoso 41 , la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , el material laminar 51 , por ejemplo, un lienzo textil, los rodillos 55 con púas, de giro libre, perfiles 56 y elementos tensores 57, así como el material de impresión solidificable 2 ya depositado sobre el material laminar 51 y el dispositivo de impregnación 54 de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 ; Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show two three-dimensional perspective views of the relative arrangement of the nozzles 70, the pneumatic gaseous fluid suction device 41, the endless conveyor belt 21, the laminar material 51, for example, a textile canvas , the rollers 55 with spikes, of free rotation, profiles 56 and tensioning elements 57, as well as the solidifiable printing material 2 already deposited on the laminar material 51 and the impregnation device 54 of the endless conveyor belt 21;
la Fig. 5 muestra una vista esquemática frontal en sección de los elementos referidos en las Fig. 3 y Fig. 4; Fig. 5 shows a schematic front sectional view of the elements referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
la Fig. 6 muestra una vista esquemática en planta de la parte inferior de los elementos de la impresora aditiva referidos en las Fig. 3 y Fig. 4; Fig. 6 shows a schematic plan view of the lower part of the elements of the additive printer referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
la Fig. 7 muestra una vista esquemática lateral en sección de lo de los elementos de la impresora aditiva referidos en las Fig. 3 y Fig. 4; Fig. 7 shows a schematic side sectional view of the elements of the additive printer referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
la Fig. 8 muestra una vista esquemática en planta de la parte superior de los elementos de la impresora aditiva referidos en las Fig. 3 y Fig. 4. Fig. 8 shows a schematic plan view of the upper part of the elements of the additive printer referred to in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Descripción detallada de un ejemplo de realización Las figuras adjuntas muestran ejemplos de realización con carácter ilustrativo no limitativo de la presente invención. Detailed description of a realization example The attached figures show examples of non-limiting illustrative embodiments of the present invention.
De acuerdo con la realización preferida, mostrada esquemáticamente en la Fig. 1 , la impresora aditiva propuesta comprende un chasis que soporta una banda transportadora sin fin 21 dotada de un plano de soporte 20 y uno o más cabezales de impresión 11 desplazable/s en un plano de impresión 10, estando el plano de soporte 20 y el plano de impresión 10 inclinados uno respecto al otro un ángulo que preferiblemente estará comprendido entre los 15° y los 45°. According to the preferred embodiment, shown schematically in Fig. 1, the proposed additive printer comprises a chassis that supports an endless conveyor belt 21 provided with a support plane 20 and one or more print heads 11 movable in a printing plane 10, the support plane 20 and the printing plane 10 being inclined relative to each other at an angle which will preferably be between 15 ° and 45 °.
La banda transportadora sin fin 21 se compone de al menos dos tambores de guiado 45 paralelos y distanciados entre los que la banda transportadora sin fin 21 queda tensada definiendo dicho plano de soporte horizontal entre ellos. Al menos uno de los rodillos está accionado por un motor 22, permitiendo producir el desplazamiento de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 a lo largo del plano de soporte 20 en una dirección de avance DA, que es perpendicular a los ejes de los citados rodillos. The endless conveyor belt 21 is made up of at least two parallel and spaced guide drums 45 between which the endless conveyor belt 21 is tensioned defining said horizontal support plane between them. At least one of the rollers is driven by a motor 22, allowing the endless conveyor belt 21 to move along the support plane 20 in a direction of advance DA, which is perpendicular to the axes of said rollers.
Se propone que el cabezal cabezales de impresión 11 sean desplazares a lo largo y ancho de un plano de impresión 10, el cual estará delimitado por un marco fijado al citado chasis. It is proposed that the printing head 11 be displaceable along a printing plane 10, which will be delimited by a frame fixed to said chassis.
Para lograr el desplazamiento del cabezal o cabezales de impresión 11 a lo largo y ancho del marco se propone, por ejemplo, incluir guías en dos direcciones perpendiculares, estando unas primeras guías definidas en el marco, estando unas segundas guías fijadas a las primeras guías de forma deslizante, permitiendo el desplazamiento de las segundas guías en la dirección definida por las primeras guías mediante un accionamiento controlado por un motor. El cabezal o cabezales de impresión 11 estará/n fijado a las segundas guías de forma deslizante, permitiendo su desplazamiento en la dirección definida por las segundas guías mediante un accionamiento controlado por otro motor. To achieve the movement of the print head or heads 11 along the length and width of the frame, it is proposed, for example, to include guides in two perpendicular directions, with first guides being defined in the frame, second guides being fixed to the first guides of sliding shape, allowing the movement of the second guides in the direction defined by the first guides by means of a drive controlled by a motor. The print head or heads 11 will / will be fixed to the second guides in a sliding manner, allowing their movement in the direction defined by the second guides by means of a drive controlled by another motor.
El resultado de dicha construcción comprenderá uno o más cabezales de impresión 11 que podrá/n desplazarse con libertad y precisión por el plano de impresión 10 delimitado por el marco, mediante el accionamiento preciso de los motores descritos, controlados en coordinación con el motor 22 accionador de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 por parte de una unidad de control 60. The result of said construction will comprise one or more printing heads 11 that will be able to move freely and precisely along the printing plane 10 delimited by the frame, by means of the precise drive of the motors described, controlled in coordination with the motor 22 actuator. of the endless conveyor belt 21 by a control unit 60.
La impresora aditiva propuesta incluye además una cámara de succión 40 situada justo debajo del plano de soporte 20, que está conectada a un dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso 41 a través de conducciones, permitiendo extraer el fluido gaseoso del interior de la cámara de succión 40 generando un vacío parcial en su interior. The proposed additive printer also includes a suction chamber 40 located just below the support plane 20, which is connected to a pneumatic suction device. of a gaseous fluid 41 through pipes, allowing the gaseous fluid to be extracted from the interior of the suction chamber 40 generating a partial vacuum inside it.
Una cara superior de la cámara de succión 40 está cubierta mediante una placa perforada 31 paralela y adyacente al plano de soporte 20 de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , quedando las aberturas de la placa perforada 31 cubiertas por la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , que se propone que sea una banda transportadora sin fin 21 permeable al aire, de manera que la superficie del plano de soporte esté sometida a succión, el aire atravesando la banda transportadora sin fin 21 permeable y atravesando las aberturas de la placa perforada 31. An upper face of the suction chamber 40 is covered by a perforated plate 31 parallel and adjacent to the support plane 20 of the endless conveyor belt 21, the openings of the perforated plate 31 being covered by the endless conveyor belt 21, which It is proposed that it be an air-permeable endless conveyor belt 21, so that the surface of the support plane is subjected to suction, the air passing through the permeable endless conveyor belt 21 and through the openings of the perforated plate 31.
La placa perforada 31 integra una resistencia eléctrica 32 adosada, en contacto térmico estrecho, formando en conjunto un dispositivo calefactor 30 que, al calentarse por efecto de la resistencia eléctrica 32, transmite el calor a la banda transportadora sin fin 21 apoyada sobre la placa perforada 31. The perforated plate 31 integrates an attached electrical resistance 32, in close thermal contact, together forming a heating device 30 that, when heated by the effect of the electrical resistance 32, transmits the heat to the endless conveyor belt 21 supported on the perforated plate 31.
La resistencia eléctrica 32 preferiblemente estará dispuesta en un recorrido zigzagueante evitando las aberturas de la placa perforada 31. The electrical resistance 32 will preferably be arranged in a zigzagging path avoiding the openings of the perforated plate 31.
La unidad de control 60 estará conectada al cabezal o cabezales de impresión 11 y a los motores que controlan su desplazamiento, al motor 22 que controla el desplazamiento de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , a la resistencia eléctrica 32 del dispositivo calefactor 30, al dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso 41 y, opcionalmente, también a un sensor de temperatura 33 integrado en el dispositivo calefactor 30. The control unit 60 will be connected to the printing head or heads 11 and to the motors that control its movement, to the motor 22 that controls the movement of the endless conveyor belt 21, to the electrical resistance 32 of the heating device 30, to the suction device pneumatic of a gaseous fluid 41 and, optionally, also to a temperature sensor 33 integrated in the heating device 30.
La unidad de control coordinará el desplazamiento del cabezal o cabezales de impresión 11 y de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , para lograr una correcta adición de estratos para la obtención de un objeto impreso tridimensional, y además coordinará también la succión producida por el dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso 41 y la temperatura suministrada por la resistencia eléctrica 32, considerando que el flujo de fluido gaseoso succionado producirá un descenso de la temperatura de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 alcanzada por la resistencia eléctrica32. The control unit will coordinate the movement of the print head or heads 11 and the endless conveyor belt 21, to achieve a correct addition of layers to obtain a three-dimensional printed object, and will also coordinate the suction produced by the suction device. tire of a gaseous fluid 41 and the temperature supplied by the electrical resistance 32, considering that the sucked gaseous fluid flow will produce a decrease in the temperature of the endless conveyor belt 21 reached by the electrical resistance32.
Dicha coordinación puede adicionalmente tener en consideración las lecturas de temperatura obtenidas del sensor de temperatura 33. Said coordination may additionally take into consideration the temperature readings obtained from the temperature sensor 33.
En la realización mostrada en la Fig. 1 también se incluye una bobina de suministro 50 en la que hay material lamina, por ejemplo una banda textil, r enrollado, estando dicha bobina de suministro 50 situada junto al inicio del plano de soporte 20 de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , con el eje central de la bobina de suministro 50 transversal respecto a la dirección de avance DA, es decir paralela a los ejes de giro de los tambores de guiado 45 que soportan la banda transportadora sin fin 21. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 a supply reel 50 is also included in which there is sheet material, for example a textile band, wound, said reel being of supply 50 located near the beginning of the support plane 20 of the endless conveyor belt 21, with the central axis of the supply reel 50 transverse to the direction of advance DA, that is to say parallel to the axes of rotation of the drums guide 45 that support the endless conveyor belt 21.
Se propone que la bobina de suministro 50 está soportada en el citado chasis, y que sea de giro libre, permitiendo un desbobinado libre del material laminar. It is proposed that the supply reel 50 is supported on said chassis, and that it be free to rotate, allowing a free unwinding of the laminar material.
Cuando un extremo del material laminar se deposita sobre el plano de soporte 20, la succión retiene dicho material laminar sobre la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , calentándolo por efecto de la resistencia eléctrica 32 y arrastrándolo con el desplazamiento de la banda transportadora sin fin 21 , provocando el desenrollado de la bobina de suministro 50, y su transporte por delante del plano de impresión 10. When one end of the laminar material is deposited on the support plane 20, the suction retains said laminar material on the endless conveyor belt 21, heating it by effect of the electrical resistance 32 and dragging it with the displacement of the endless conveyor belt 21, causing the supply roll 50 to unwind, and transport it past the printing plane 10.
Como resultado el cabezal o cabezales de impresión 11 producirá/n la impresión encima del material laminar. As a result, the print head (s) 11 will / will produce the print on top of the sheet material.
Se entenderá que las diferentes partes que constituyen la invención descritas en una realización pueden ser libremente combinadas con las partes descritas en otras realizaciones distintas, aunque no se haya descrito dicha combinación de forma explícita, siempre que no exista un perjuicio en la combinación. It will be understood that the different parts that make up the invention described in one embodiment can be freely combined with the parts described in other different embodiments, even if said combination has not been explicitly described, provided that there is no harm in the combination.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Impresora aditiva de estratos que comprende: 1. Additive layer printer comprising:
• al menos un cabezal de impresión (11) desplazable a lo largo de un plano de impresión (10) y configurado para depositar unas cantidades controladas de un material de impresión solidificable (2), en unas posiciones predefinidas dentro de dicho plano de impresión (10); • at least one printing head (11) movable along a printing plane (10) and configured to deposit controlled amounts of a solidifiable printing material (2), in predefined positions within said printing plane ( 10);
• una banda transportadora sin fin (21), flexible e inelástica, accionada por un motor (22) en una dirección de avance (DA),, extendida entre dos tambores de guiado (45), definiendo una cara superior de la banda transportadora sin fin (21) un plano de soporte (20) de un material laminar (51), opcionalmente un lienzo textil, que queda posicionado por debajo del plano de impresión (10), estando el plano de impresión (10) inclinado respecto al plano de soporte (20), y • an endless, flexible and inelastic conveyor belt (21), driven by a motor (22) in a forward direction (DA), extended between two guide drums (45), defining an upper face of the conveyor belt without end (21) a support plane (20) of a laminar material (51), optionally a textile canvas, which is positioned below the printing plane (10), the printing plane (10) being inclined with respect to the plane of support (20), and
• al menos un dispositivo calefactor (30) situado debajo del plano de soporte (20) de la banda transportadora sin fin (21), en contacto térmico con la misma; • at least one heating device (30) located below the support plane (20) of the endless conveyor belt (21), in thermal contact with it;
caracterizada porque: characterized by:
• la banda transportadora sin fin (21) es permeable al aire; • the endless conveyor belt (21) is permeable to air;
• el menos un dispositivo calefactor (30) comprende una placa perforada (31) que tiene asociada una resistencia eléctrica (32) de calentamiento, estando dicha placa perforada (31) integrada en una cámara de succión (40) cubriéndola, estando dicha cámara de succión (40) conectada a un dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso (41) para generar un vacío parcial en su interior, y • at least one heating device (30) comprises a perforated plate (31) associated with an electric heating resistance (32), said perforated plate (31) being integrated in a suction chamber (40) covering it, said chamber being suction (40) connected to a pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid (41) to generate a partial vacuum inside, and
• la banda transportadora sin fin (21) tiene asociado un sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar (51), adosado al citado plano de soporte (20) de la banda transportadora sin fin (21). • The endless conveyor belt (21) is associated with a system that helps to maintain the laminar material (51), attached to said support plane (20) of the endless conveyor belt (21).
2. La impresora de la reivindicación 1 , en donde dicho sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar (51), adosado al citado plano de soporte (20), comprende un sistema que proporciona a dicho material laminar (51) un tensionado en el eje X, longitudinal, de la banda transportadora sin fin (21) y/o en el eje Y, transversal. 2. The printer of claim 1, wherein said assisting system in maintaining the laminar material (51), attached to said support plane (20), comprises a system that provides said laminar material (51) with tensioning on the axis X, longitudinal, of the endless conveyor belt (21) and / or on the Y axis, transverse.
3. La impresora de la reivindicación 2 en donde dicho sistema que proporciona un tensionado al material laminar (51) en el eje X, longitudinal, comprende unos elementos elásticos que aplican una componente vertical contra el citado plano de soporte (20) del material laminar (51). 3. The printer of claim 2 wherein said system that provides tensioning to the laminar material (51) in the longitudinal X axis, comprises elastic elements that apply a vertical component against said support plane (20) of the laminar material (51).
4. La impresora de la reivindicación 2, en donde dicho sistema que proporciona un tensionado al material laminar en el eje Y, transversal, comprende una alineación de rodillos (55) con púas, de giro libre, que se aplican contra unas bandas laterales, periféricas, del material laminar (51) y las enganchan contra unos perfiles (56), que actúan de contrapunto, comprendiendo dichos rodillos (55) unos elementos tensores (57) en sentido transversal.The printer of claim 2, wherein said system that provides tensioning to the sheet material in the transverse Y axis comprises an alignment of rollers (55) with spikes, of free rotation, that are applied against lateral bands, peripherals, of the laminar material (51) and hook them against some profiles (56), which act as a counterpoint, said rollers (55) comprising tensioning elements (57) in the transverse direction.
5. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar (51), adosado al citado plano de soporte (20) está proporcionado por la superficie de la banda transportadora sin fin (21) que tiene asociado un dispositivo de impregnación (54) de un agente adherente que se aplica en un tramo de la cara inferior de dicha banda (21). The printer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said assisting system in maintaining the laminar material (51), attached to said support plane (20) is provided by the surface of the endless conveyor belt (21) that it has associated an impregnation device (54) with an adherent agent that is applied to a section of the lower face of said band (21).
6. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho sistema coadyuvante en mantener el material laminar (51) adosado al citado plano de soporte (20) comprende unas toberas (70) que proporcionan una corriente de un fluido gaseoso que incide contra el plano superior del material laminar (51) extendido sobre la cara superior de la banda transportadora sin fin (21). 6. The printer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said aid system in maintaining the laminar material (51) attached to said support plane (20) comprises nozzles (70) that provide a stream of a gaseous fluid that impinges against the upper plane of the laminar material (51) spread on the upper face of the endless conveyor belt (21).
7. La impresora según reivindicación 1 que comprende además una bobina de suministro (50) de dicho material laminar (51) que almacena enrollado dicho material laminar (51), estando un eje de dicha bobina de suministro (50) orientado transversal a la dirección de avance (DA) para el suministro del material laminar sobre dicha banda transportadora sin fin (21) en la dirección de avance (DA). The printer according to claim 1 further comprising a supply spool (50) of said laminar material (51) storing wound said laminar material (51), an axis of said supply reel (50) being oriented transverse to the direction of advance (DA) for the supply of the laminar material on said endless conveyor belt (21) in the direction of advance (DA).
8. La impresora según la reivindicación 6, en donde una unidad de control (60) está conectada al citado al menos un dispositivo calefactor (30), dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso (41), tensores (57) de los rodillos (55) con púas, dispositivo de impregnación (54) o toberas (70) para su regulación. The printer according to claim 6, wherein a control unit (60) is connected to said at least one heating device (30), pneumatic suction device for a gaseous fluid (41), tensioners (57) of the rollers ( 55) with spikes, impregnation device (54) or nozzles (70) for its regulation.
9. La impresora según la reivindicación 8 en donde la unidad de control (60) está conectada además a un sensor de temperatura (33) integrado en el al menos un dispositivo calefactor (30), y está configurada para la regulación del al menos un dispositivo calefactor (30) y/o del dispositivo succionador neumático de un fluido gaseoso (41) en respuesta a las lecturas obtenidas del sensor de temperatura (33). The printer according to claim 8, wherein the control unit (60) is further connected to a temperature sensor (33) integrated in the at least one heating device (30), and is configured to regulate the at least one heating device (30) and / or the pneumatic suction device of a gaseous fluid (41) in response to the readings obtained from the temperature sensor (33).
10. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde la banda transportadora sin fin (21) está microperforada. The printer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the endless conveyor belt (21) is micro-perforated.
11. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde la banda transportadora sin fin (21) es de un material poroso. The printer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the endless conveyor belt (21) is made of a porous material.
12. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde la placa perforada (31) tiene unas perforaciones iguales o mayores a 2mm de diámetro. The printer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the perforated plate (31) has perforations equal to or greater than 2mm in diameter.
13. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el plano de impresión (10) forma un ángulo de entre 15° y 45° respecto al plano de soporte (20).14. La impresora según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12, en donde el plano de impresión (10) forma un ángulo de entre 15° y 90° respecto al plano de soporte (20). The printer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the printing plane (10) forms an angle of between 15 ° and 45 ° with respect to the support plane (20) .14. The printer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the printing plane (10) forms an angle of between 15 ° and 90 ° with respect to the support plane (20).
PCT/ES2020/070402 2019-06-19 2020-06-19 Additive layer printer WO2020254709A1 (en)

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