WO2020254688A1 - Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système de mesure de la température et système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux - Google Patents
Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système de mesure de la température et système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020254688A1 WO2020254688A1 PCT/EP2020/067347 EP2020067347W WO2020254688A1 WO 2020254688 A1 WO2020254688 A1 WO 2020254688A1 EP 2020067347 W EP2020067347 W EP 2020067347W WO 2020254688 A1 WO2020254688 A1 WO 2020254688A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- groove
- mold
- optical fiber
- ingot mold
- plates
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
- B22D11/182—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level by measuring temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0408—Moulds for casting thin slabs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/057—Manufacturing or calibrating the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
Definitions
- a plant for the continuous casting of metals for example a plant for the continuous casting of steel, generally comprises an ingot mold into which a liquid metal is poured with a view to its solidification in a suitable form. It may for example be a bottomless ingot mold, in which case the metal cools to form a slab.
- the walls of the ingot mold are contiguous or backed up by cooling devices, for example of the liquid type.
- the ingot mold and the cooling devices are sized according to the flow speed of the metal so that the slab, when it leaves the mold, has a solidified external surface of sufficient thickness to trap the still liquid metal. located at the heart of the slab.
- a method is known in the state of the art for detecting whether the metal adheres to the walls of the mold, a sign of an imminent breakthrough. It is based on the measurement of temperature of the walls of the mold at various points. Indeed, it has been noticed that the walls have a particular temperature profile when the metal adheres to them.
- a known means of measuring this temperature consists in installing thermocouples regularly distributed on the walls of the mold so as to be able to detect any temperature anomaly as soon as possible.
- thermocouples do not always make it possible to perform an accurate and reliable measurement of the temperature of the walls, so that they can generate an unsatisfactory number of false alarms, that is to say alarms indicating a breakthrough. imminent when it is not.
- Another problem is linked to the configuration of the mold which is usually constituted by an assembly of metal plates backed by cooling devices configured to allow cooling of the metal plates by the circulation of a cooling fluid. To reach the areas of the mold where the temperature must be measured, it is necessary to pass through this cooling device and therefore through the circulating water. This leads to further sealing and wiring problems.
- An object of the invention is to improve breakthrough detection by overcoming the drawbacks set out above.
- an ingot mold for the continuous casting of metals of the type constituted by an assembly of metal plates backed by cooling devices configured to allow cooling of the metal plates by the circulation of a cooling fluid. , comprising:
- - at least one optical fiber comprising a plurality of Bragg filters, extending in a wall of at least one of said plates, - at least one groove formed in a wall of at least one of said plates, in a direction not parallel to the casting axis of the mold in at least a portion of the length, the optical fiber extending into the groove, and
- a tab of shape substantially complementary to the groove closing the groove over its entire length, the groove and the tongue having a shape adapted to the passage of the optical fiber.
- the terminology of the dimensions of the plate is established as follows: the length and the width are the dimensions of the plate in a section perpendicular to the casting axis of the mold and the depth is the dimension of the plate in the axis of the mold.
- thermocouples of the prior art are replaced by an optical fiber comprising Bragg filters. These allow, by means of the emission of a light beam in the fiber and the detection of the reflected and / or transmitted beam, the measurement of the temperature in the wall at each of the filters.
- the groove, optical fiber and the tongue are much less bulky than thermocouples and that these elements are much simpler to put in place.
- temperature measurement using Bragg filters is more precise than that obtained with thermocouples, so that the number of false alarms is reduced.
- the tongue is made up of a plurality of parts.
- the tongue comprises an insert formed integrally before closing the groove.
- the tongue is thus fully formed before it is installed in the mold.
- the tongue is not formed in situ when closing the throat. This facilitates this installation as it is possible to install the tongue in the mold simply by dropping it into the groove or sliding it along the groove from one end of the groove.
- the groove has a substantially uniform depth.
- the heat transfers between the plates and the optical fiber are thus just as uniform.
- the ingot mold is made of copper or of a copper alloy, the tongue being made of the same material.
- the tongue is welded to the mold so as to close the groove, by electron beam welding, but other welding techniques are required. Also possible, such as for example laser welding, X-ray or ion beam welding and all types of arc welding, including electric arc welding with coated electrodes, arc welding with non-electrodes fuses, arc welding with wire electrode fuses, submerged arc welding, electrogas welding, diffusion welding, or brazing or soldering.
- the groove is located on at least a central part of at least one of the plates.
- the groove extends over the entire length of at least one of the plates.
- the optical fiber is provided with a coating or a tube.
- the coating or the tube make it possible to modulate the diameter of the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber has a diameter greater than 1.6 mm.
- the mold comprises a plurality of optical fibers contained in a plurality of grooves substantially parallel to each other.
- the number of wall temperature measurement points is thus further increased, which contributes to making breakthrough detection even more reliable.
- the mold when the mold is of the type for casting a thin slab and comprises a funnel-shaped portion in the upper part, the groove being at least in the entire funnel-shaped part.
- the solution proposed in Belgian patent application 2018/5193 consisting in installing the optical fiber in a channel drilled substantially parallel to the wall is very difficult to practice in a non-planar portion of the wall.
- the wall will include a groove in the central funnel-shaped part and a channel pierced in the flat part, the channel opening into the groove.
- a system for measuring the temperature in a continuous metal casting system comprising:
- a transceiver arranged to send light into the optical fiber and receive reflected and / or transmitted light received by the transceiver
- a processor arranged to transform data on the reflected and / or transmitted light received by the transceiver into information on the temperature at different points of the mold
- a terminal comprising a user interface, connected to the processor.
- a breakthrough detection system in a continuous metal casting system comprising a temperature measurement system as defined in the above in which the processor is arranged to transform data on light reflected and / or transmitted received by the transceiver into information on the detection of a breakthrough.
- a method for detecting a breakthrough in a continuous metal casting installation characterized in that the temperature of an ingot mold wall as defined in the above is measured.
- FIG. 1 is an overview of a continuous metal casting installation comprising an ingot mold according to the invention
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are diagrams illustrating the operation of the installation 5 of Figure 1,
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of the mold of the installation of Figure 1,
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of the mold of Figure 3
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a plate of the mold of Figure 3
- FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d are diagrams illustrating different shapes for a groove and a tongue of the mold
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an optical fiber contained in the plate of Figure 5
- FIG. 7 is a diagram explaining the operation of the optical fiber of Figure 6, and
- FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d are sectional views of the mold of Figure 3 illustrating the genesis of a breakthrough.
- FIG. 1 shows an installation for the continuous casting of metals 2. It has a conventional configuration, so that most of its constituent elements will be presented only briefly.
- the installation 2 comprises pockets 4 containing liquid metal that it is desired to cool.
- the pockets 4 are here two in number and are carried by a motorized arm 6.
- This motorized arm 6 is in particular able to move the pockets 4 which are fed full into the casting area by a transport system (e.g. an overhead crane, not shown) from a filling area where molten metal can be poured into it, e.g. a furnace or converter (not shown) before bringing them to the position illustrated in Figure 1.
- a transport system e.g. an overhead crane, not shown
- the motorized arm 6 After emptying the bag 4, the motorized arm 6 also makes it possible to position the empty bag in a position where the transport system can take it up and bring it to the preparation area where it will be reconditioned before returning to the filling area.
- Installation 2 includes a distributor or distributor basin 8 located below the pockets 4. The latter have an openable bottom allowing the liquid metal to flow into the distributor 8.
- the distributor 8 includes a flow orifice which can be closed by a stopper rod 10 which controls the flow of liquid metal.
- the outlet of the distributor is extended by a pouring tube 1 1 submerged inlet (SEN) to protect the liquid metal poured into the mold 12.
- SEN submerged inlet
- the submerged inlet pouring tube 1 1 opens into an upper opening of a mold 12.
- This is a mold without bottom having a casting axis which is vertical.
- the mold 12 will be described in more detail below.
- the installation 2 comprises cooling devices 14 positioned on an external surface of the mold 12. These are liquid-type cooling devices. For this purpose, they include conduits in which a refrigerant fluid, for example water, flows.
- the refrigerant fluid absorbs the heat from the liquid metal in the mold 12 in order to cool and solidify it.
- the metal solidifies in the form of a slab having a solidified outer surface 18 enclosing a liquid core 20.
- the installation 2 comprises a roller guide 16 located downstream of the mold 12.
- the guide 16 is used to guide the slab, an outer surface 18 of which is solidified, out of the mold 12.
- the slab gradually solidifies as it moves in the guide 16. In other words, the further away from the mold 12, the more the solidified outer surface 18 of the slab increases in volume and the more the core. liquid of the slab decreases in volume.
- the mold 12 has been shown in more detail in FIG. 3. It has here four plates 22 (the fourth not being visible due to the position of the cutting plane).
- the plates 22 are made of copper or a copper alloy, which are materials exhibiting high thermal conductivity and therefore facilitate heat exchange between the cooling devices 14 and the mold 12.
- the plates 22 are arranged so that the mold 12 has an overall cross section rectangular or square. However, provision could be made to arrange the plates so that the mold has a completely different shape of cross section.
- the mold 12 is shown from a different angle in Figure 4. At least the upper part of the mold 12 has a funnel shape 23 partially receiving the pouring tube 1 1 whose lower end is flattened. This shape is particularly suitable when the mold is intended for casting a thin slab.
- FIG. 5 shows one of the plates 22 of the mold 12. It has a groove 24 extending in a direction not parallel to the casting axis. It extends here in a substantially horizontal direction, over the entire length of the plate. It is however possible that the groove 24 only extends over a part of the length of the plate 22, for example the central part in the case of an ingot mold for casting thin slab.
- the groove 24 has a substantially uniform depth over its entire length.
- the groove 24 is closed over its entire length by a tongue 26 of a shape substantially complementary to the groove.
- the tongue 26 is preferably made of the same material as the plates 22, that is to say of copper or a copper alloy.
- the tongue 26 comprises an insert formed integrally before closing the groove 24.
- the tongue 26 is therefore formed entirely before its installation in the mold 12. In other words, the tongue 26 is not formed in situ at the time. to close the throat 24.
- the groove 24 and the tongue 26 have a shape adapted to the passage of an optical fiber, the function of which will be described below.
- the groove 24 or the tongue 26 (or both) has (have) a groove 27 intended to house the optical fiber.
- the tab 26 is welded so as to close the groove 24 over its entire length, for example by electron beam welding.
- the tongue 26 is made up of a plurality of parts welded together before the groove 24 is closed by the tongue 26.
- the length of the tongue 26 can thus be modulated, in particular as a function of the length of the groove 24, by choosing the number of parts of which it is constituted.
- the groove 24 and the tongue 26 have a curved profile, and it is the tongue 26 which carries the groove 27.
- the groove 24 and the tongue 26 have a curved profile, and it is the groove 24 which carries the groove 27.
- the groove 24 and the tongue 26 have a straight profile, and it is the groove 24 which carries the groove 27.
- the groove 24 and the tongue 26 have a frustoconical cross section, and it is the groove 24 which carries the groove 27.
- the section of the groove 24 is such that the groove widens towards its depth. In this way, the shape of the groove 24 makes it possible to retain the tongue 26 in position once placed in the groove 24, for example by sliding it along the groove 24 from one of its ends. It is thus not necessary to weld the tab 26 to the mold 12, which presents an economic advantage.
- the plate In order to allow easier insertion of the tongue 26 in the groove 24, it is possible to put the plate very slightly in flexion around an axis parallel to the groove 24 located on the other side of the plate 22, by example at the level of the throat.
- the groove 24 is open and the tongue 26 can be slipped there without difficulty.
- this bending is carried out while remaining within the elastic deformation limit of the copper plate.
- an optical fiber 28 is housed in the groove 24.
- the optical fiber 28 comprises an optical cladding 30 as well as a core 32 surrounded by the optical cladding 30.
- the optical fiber 28 comprises in its core 32 several Bragg filters 34.
- Optical fiber 28 comprises at least ten Bragg filters per meter, preferably at least twenty Bragg filters per meter, preferably at least thirty Bragg filters per meter, and even more preferably in minus forty Bragg filters per meter.
- the optical fiber 28 can be housed bare in the groove 24 as well as provided with a protective coating or be inserted into a tube before being installed.
- This coating or tube may have the function of increasing the radius of the optical fiber 28 in order to fill all or almost the entire diameter of the groove 24. It is preferable that the optical fiber has a diameter greater than 1.6 mm, in taking into account the possible presence of a coating or of a tube as mentioned above.
- Bragg filters 34 are filters which make it possible to reflect light over a range of wavelength centered on a predetermined value, called the reflected wavelength, adjustable by the constructor of the filter. This predetermined value is also a function in particular of the temperature at which the filter is located, so that we can write for each filter:
- a reflected is the wavelength effectively reflected by the filter
- f is a known function
- T is the temperature of the filter
- a 0 is the wavelength reflected by the filter at a predetermined temperature, for example at room temperature.
- optical fiber 28 as a temperature sensor.
- filters of Bragg 34 having distinct and selected reflected wavelength values 10 , for example shifted one by one by 5 nanometers.
- a light beam having a polychromatic spectrum 35a for example white light, is then sent into the optical fiber 28 and then the wavelength peaks represented in the spectrum of the reflected beam 35b are determined.
- the installation of the optical fiber 28 in one of the plates 22 of the mold 12 makes it possible to measure the temperature of this plate in predetermined positions to follow its evolution over time.
- two optical fibers 28 per plate 22 so as to be able to measure the temperature of the mold 12 at two different altitudes.
- the breakthrough detection is done as follows.
- the upper optical fiber 28a detects an abnormal temperature rise which corresponds to the adhesion of the metal to the mold 12 in the zone 36. This is a first sign. that a breakthrough is imminent.
- the lower optical fiber 28b detects the abnormal temperature rise previously detected by the upper optical fiber 28a. This is a second sign that a breakthrough is imminent, providing confirmation that the breakthrough does not appear preventable.
- the latter comprises: - a transceiver designed to send light into the optical fiber and receive reflected light and / or light transmitted by the optical fiber,
- a processor arranged to transform data on the reflected and / or transmitted light received by the transceiver into information on the temperature at different points of the mold
- a terminal comprising a user interface, connected to the processor.
- the processor is further arranged to transform data on reflected and / or transmitted light received by the transceiver into information on the detection of a breakthrough.
- the mold 12 equipped with the optical fibers 28, the transceiver, the processor and the terminal form a breakthrough detection system. If a breakthrough is detected positively, users can take actions to reduce the damage caused by the breakthrough or even prevent it.
- 35a polychromatic spectrum
- 35b spectrum of the reflected beam
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/620,691 US20220241850A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Mold for continuous casting of metals, temperature measurement system and system and method for detecting breakthrough in a facility for continuous casting of metals |
JP2021576290A JP2022542214A (ja) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | 金属連続鋳造設備における金属連続鋳造鋳型、温度測定システムならびにブレークアウト検出のシステムおよび方法 |
KR1020227001175A KR20220024525A (ko) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | 금속의 연속 주조용 잉곳 주형, 온도 측정 시스템 및 금속의 연속 주조 설비에서의 브레이크아웃 감지 방법 및 시스템 |
CA3142246A CA3142246A1 (fr) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Lingotiere de coulee continue de metaux, systeme de mesure de la temperature et systeme et procede de detection de percee dans une installation de coulee continue de metaux |
AU2020295741A AU2020295741A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Ingot mould for continuous casting of metals, temperature measurement system and system and method for detecting breakthrough in a facility for continuous casting of metals |
BR112021025347A BR112021025347A2 (pt) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Lingoteira de lingotamento contínuo de metais, sistema de medição da temperatura e sistema e processo de detecção de rompimento |
MX2021015684A MX2021015684A (es) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Lingotera de colada continua de metales, sistema de medicion de temperatura y sistema y procedimiento de deteccion de fisuras en una planta de colada continua de metales. |
EP20733810.4A EP3986640A1 (fr) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système de mesure de la température et système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BEBE2019/5408 | 2019-06-21 | ||
BE20195408A BE1026975B1 (fr) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système de mesure de la température et système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020254688A1 true WO2020254688A1 (fr) | 2020-12-24 |
Family
ID=67383678
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2020/067347 WO2020254688A1 (fr) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système de mesure de la température et système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220241850A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3986640A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022542214A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20220024525A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2020295741A1 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1026975B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112021025347A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3142246A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2021015684A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020254688A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110186262A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2011-08-04 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Mold for casting metal |
WO2017032392A1 (fr) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Moule de coulée et procédé de mesure de la température d'un moule de coulée |
EP3060364B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-23 | 2018-03-14 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Lingotière de coulée continue équipée d'un capteur de température et procédé de fabrication de la lingotière de coulée continue équipée du capteur de température |
BE1025314B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-01-17 | Ebds Engineering Sprl | Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19903929A1 (de) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-08-03 | Sms Demag Ag | Kokillenplatte einer Kokille mit trichterförmigem Eingießbereich zum Stranggießen von Metall |
DE102008060032A1 (de) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Gießspiegelmessung in einer Kokille durch ein faseroptisches Messverfahren |
DE102010034729A1 (de) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-11 | SMS Siemag AG, 40237 | Metallurgisches Gefäß und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wandung des Gefäßes |
-
2019
- 2019-06-21 BE BE20195408A patent/BE1026975B1/fr active IP Right Grant
-
2020
- 2020-06-22 BR BR112021025347A patent/BR112021025347A2/pt unknown
- 2020-06-22 WO PCT/EP2020/067347 patent/WO2020254688A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2020-06-22 MX MX2021015684A patent/MX2021015684A/es unknown
- 2020-06-22 US US17/620,691 patent/US20220241850A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-22 CA CA3142246A patent/CA3142246A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-06-22 AU AU2020295741A patent/AU2020295741A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-22 JP JP2021576290A patent/JP2022542214A/ja active Pending
- 2020-06-22 EP EP20733810.4A patent/EP3986640A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-06-22 KR KR1020227001175A patent/KR20220024525A/ko unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110186262A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2011-08-04 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Mold for casting metal |
EP3060364B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-23 | 2018-03-14 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Lingotière de coulée continue équipée d'un capteur de température et procédé de fabrication de la lingotière de coulée continue équipée du capteur de température |
WO2017032392A1 (fr) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Moule de coulée et procédé de mesure de la température d'un moule de coulée |
BE1025314B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-01-17 | Ebds Engineering Sprl | Lingotière de coulée continue de métaux, système et procédé de détection de percée dans une installation de coulée continue de métaux |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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THOMAS B G ET AL: "Implementation of temperature and strain micro-sensors into a casting mold surface", TMS ANNUAL MEETING (SENSORS, SAMPLING, AND SIMULATION FOR PROCESS CONTROL - HELD DURING THE TMS 2011 ANNUAL MEETING AND EXHIBITION,, vol. Conference Proceedings Article, January 2011 (2011-01-01), pages 127 - 134, XP009159794 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112021025347A2 (pt) | 2022-02-01 |
BE1026975B1 (fr) | 2020-08-12 |
AU2020295741A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
MX2021015684A (es) | 2022-02-03 |
US20220241850A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
JP2022542214A (ja) | 2022-09-30 |
CA3142246A1 (fr) | 2020-12-24 |
KR20220024525A (ko) | 2022-03-03 |
EP3986640A1 (fr) | 2022-04-27 |
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