WO2020244324A1 - 图像传输方法及装置 - Google Patents

图像传输方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020244324A1
WO2020244324A1 PCT/CN2020/086281 CN2020086281W WO2020244324A1 WO 2020244324 A1 WO2020244324 A1 WO 2020244324A1 CN 2020086281 W CN2020086281 W CN 2020086281W WO 2020244324 A1 WO2020244324 A1 WO 2020244324A1
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macroblock
status table
target
macro block
data
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PCT/CN2020/086281
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高鹏
范志刚
周毅
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西安万像电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020244324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020244324A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/119Adaptive subdivision aspects, e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/157Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of image transmission technology, and in particular, to image transmission methods and devices.
  • the color index coding algorithm has been widely used in the transmission of interactive screen image coding.
  • the basic idea is to select several gray values that appear most frequently in the image as the base color, and other gray values and basic colors.
  • the gray value difference corresponding to the color within a certain quantization interval can be quantified as the basic color, and other gray values whose difference value is not in the aforementioned quantization interval are used as escape colors, and are designated for the aforementioned basic colors and escape colors Index value, and then replace each pixel value of the original image with a corresponding index value to form an index map, and finally generate a bitstream by encoding the basic color, escape color and index map.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an image transmission method and device, which can solve the problem of excessive code stream and excessive transmission pressure caused by too many escape colors.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • an image transmission method including:
  • the types include: text macro block, picture macro block;
  • the target macro block is a text macro block
  • encode and transmit the data of the target macro block except the escape color includes: basic color, index map, index value, macro block status table, and macro block status table It is used to characterize whether the data of the macro block at the same position between different frames has changed.
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the target macro block is a text macro block, quantize the escape color of the target macro block into an M-bit value in the X base;
  • the progressive transmission status table selects the Q-bit value encoding transmission and update the progressive transmission status table, Q ⁇ M; the progressive transmission status table is used to represent the number of bits transmitted in the M-bit value.
  • the method further includes:
  • the target macro block is a text macro block, quantize the escape color of the target macro block into an M-bit value in the X base;
  • the Q-bit value (Q ⁇ M) After selecting the Q-bit value (Q ⁇ M) according to the progressive transmission status table and preset rules and updating the progressive transmission status table, it is encoded and transmitted together with the basic color, index map, and index value of the target macroblock.
  • the basic color, index map, index value and value of the macroblock can be transmitted in the non-I frame.
  • bandwidth can be effectively used.
  • the way of progressively encoding and transmitting escape colors in batches is consistent with other frames, which can ensure the image output quality The fluctuation is not big and the user experience is better.
  • selecting the Q-bit value according to the progressive transmission status table and a preset rule includes:
  • the Q bit values are selected in the order from high to low in the X system.
  • quantizing the escape color of the target macroblock into an M-bit value in X-ray system includes:
  • an image transmission device which includes:
  • the recognition module is used to recognize the type of the target macroblock in the image frame when the current image frame is an I frame; the types include: text macroblock and picture macroblock;
  • the transmission module is used to encode and transmit data of the target macro block except for the escape color when the target macro block is a text macro block; the data other than the escape color includes: basic color, index map, index value, macro block status table , The macro block status table is used to characterize whether the data of the macro block at the same position between different frames has changed.
  • the device further includes:
  • the judgment module is used to judge whether the image frame is an I frame.
  • the device further includes:
  • the determining module is used to determine whether the data of the target macro block has changed according to the macro block status table when the image frame is not an I frame;
  • the identification module is also used to identify the type of the target macro block when the data of the target macro block has not changed;
  • the quantization module is used to quantize the escape color of the target macroblock into an M-bit value in the X base when the target macroblock is a text macroblock;
  • the transmission module is also used to select the Q-bit value encoding transmission according to the progressive transmission status table and preset rules and update the progressive transmission status table, Q ⁇ M; the progressive transmission status table is used to represent the number of bits transmitted in the M-bit value.
  • the device further includes:
  • the update module is used to update the macro block status table and call the recognition module to identify the type of the target macro block when the data of the target macro block changes;
  • the quantization module is also used to quantize the escape color of the target macroblock into an M-bit value in the X base when the target macroblock is a text macroblock;
  • the transmission module is also used to select the Q-bit value (Q ⁇ M) according to the progressive transmission state table and preset rules and update the progressive transmission state table, and then encode and transmit together with the basic color, index map, and index value of the target macroblock.
  • the basic color, index map, index value and value of the macroblock can be transmitted in the non-I frame.
  • bandwidth can be effectively used.
  • the way of progressively encoding and transmitting escape colors in batches is consistent with other frames, which can ensure the image output quality The fluctuation is not big and the user experience is better.
  • the transmission module is specifically used for:
  • the quantization module is specifically used for:
  • the type of the target macroblock in the image frame is recognized; the types include: text macroblock, picture macroblock; when the target macroblock is text macroblock
  • the data other than the escape color includes: basic color, index map, index value, macroblock status table, the macroblock status table is used to represent the same between different frames Whether the data of the macro block at the position has changed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic flowchart of an image transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of the flow of an image transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a first structural diagram of an image transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a second structural diagram of an image transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 shows the architecture diagram of the video compression transmission system.
  • video coding a coded image is usually divided into several macroblocks.
  • the video coding algorithm takes macroblocks as the unit, and encodes each macroblock into continuous video codes. Stream and transmit.
  • the encoder and the decoder are matched with each other, and the process of video decoding by the video decoding algorithm can be understood as the data reverse processing of the video encoding algorithm.
  • the types of macroblocks in the embodiments of the present disclosure include at least two types: text macroblocks and picture macroblocks.
  • a text macroblock refers to the image content of the macroblock, which is mainly text
  • the picture macroblock refers to the image content of the macroblock.
  • the text does not include text, and the macroblock can be identified as a text macroblock or a picture macroblock according to the recognition algorithm.
  • the recognition algorithm can be understood by referring to the existing related recognition algorithm, which will not be described in detail in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the image frame can be divided into several macroblocks according to the macroblock size of 16*16 (the unit is pixels) (16*16 is only a preferred division method, and the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. (8*8 or 4*4 partitioning methods are also allowed).
  • the target macroblock can be understood as any macroblock to be encoded after the image frame is partitioned.
  • the recognition strategy it is recognized whether it is a text macro block or a picture macro block.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the text macro block.
  • the existing picture macro block related coding processing method can be used. Details are not given in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the process of determining the basic color, escape color, index map, and index value is as follows:
  • YUV The color coding method of YUV is commonly used in video coding, where Y stands for Luminance, U and V stand for Chrominance and Chroma, respectively.
  • Step 1 Perform histogram statistics on the values of the YUV component of the video image of the text macroblock (16*16).
  • the horizontal axis of the histogram is the value of the component, and the vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence of the value.
  • Step 2 Find the basic color and escape color for the YUV components of each macroblock, and obtain a mark table with a size of 16x16 for each YUV component, and then jointly express the three mark tables as a new mark table.
  • the label value of the Y component, U component, and V component is limited to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the aforementioned joint expression formula.
  • the specific label value of each pixel Y component, U component, and V component can be deduced.
  • the label value of the current pixel is compared with the label value of the adjacent left and upper pixels (which can be set to) to obtain the LUO table.
  • L indicates that the current pixel has the same label value as its left neighboring pixel, and is re-marked as 0;
  • U indicates that the current pixel has the same basic color value as the pixel directly above, and re-marked as 1;
  • O indicates that the current pixel is marked with the upper and left pixels
  • the values are all different, relabeled to 2. A special case needs to be explained here. When there are pixels on the left and above the current pixel, the current pixel is first compared with the neighboring pixel on the left.
  • Step 3 Perform further processing on the LUO table to determine the index map and the index value.
  • the LUO table can be deduced; further, the label value of each pixel can be deduced, and further, each pixel can be deduced.
  • the specific label values of the Y, U, and V components of each pixel; finally, combining the component values of the respective basic colors of the Y, U, and V components, the specific components of the Y, U, and V components of each pixel can be finally deduced Value.
  • the above-mentioned reverse inference processing may be performed by the video decoding end.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an image transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the image transmission method includes the following steps:
  • the method further includes:
  • step 101 and corresponding steps are executed; when it is determined that the image frame is not an I frame, step 103 and corresponding steps are executed.
  • the target macroblock is a text macroblock
  • encode and transmit data other than the escape color of the target macroblock includes: basic color, index map, index value, macroblock status table, and macroblock
  • the state table is used to characterize whether the data of the macro block at the same position between different frames has changed.
  • the table can store the status data of all macroblocks in the image frame. For example, 1 can be used to indicate that the two image frames before and after are the same. The data of the macro block at the position has changed, and 0 means no change.
  • the macroblock status table is updated in real time and can be maintained at the encoding end and the decoding end at the same time. The macroblock status table is needed when the encoding end encodes the macroblock data, and the macroblock status table is used when the decoding end decodes the data.
  • step 102 when encoding an I frame, only data other than the escape color is encoded, thereby avoiding the problem of too large code stream and excessive transmission pressure caused by too many escape colors.
  • the method may further include:
  • the macroblock status table determines whether the data between the target macroblock in the image frame and the macroblock whose position in the previous image frame corresponds to the target macroblock has changed.
  • the screen content will not change for a certain period of time, and therefore, the data of the macroblocks of a large number of image frames will not change.
  • the target macroblock is a text macroblock or a picture macro according to the recognition strategy. Piece.
  • the target macroblock is a text macroblock
  • the escape color of the target macroblock is quantized into an M-bit value in X-ray system, which specifically includes:
  • the foregoing process of quantizing the escape color (with a value in the range of [0,255]) to [0,15] with parameter 16 is as follows: the value of the escape color in the range of [0,15] is quantized as 0, and the value is The escape color in the range of [16,31] is quantized as 1, the escape color in the range of [32,47] is quantified as 2,..., the escape color in the range of [240,255] is quantified as 15.
  • the progressive transmission status table select the Q-bit value encoding transmission and update the progressive transmission status table, Q ⁇ M; the progressive transmission status table is used to represent the number of bits transmitted in the M-bit value.
  • selecting the Q-bit value according to the progressive transmission status table and preset rules specifically includes:
  • the escape color is transmitted, the number of bits that have been transmitted is known, and the untransmitted bits are selected to continue encoding and transmission. If the one-bit value of the escape color is set for one frame of image transmission, the four image frames can be completely transmitted.
  • the method may further include:
  • the macroblock status table is updated, similar to step 101, and the target macroblock is identified as text according to the recognition strategy.
  • the macro block is also the picture macro block.
  • the target macroblock is a text macroblock
  • step 105 refers to the expression in step 105 for understanding.
  • step 106 refers to the expression in step 106 and the aforementioned expressions related to basic colors, index maps, and index values for understanding.
  • the basic color, index map, index value and value of the macroblock can be transmitted in the non-I frame.
  • bandwidth can be effectively used.
  • the way of progressively encoding and transmitting escape colors in batches is consistent with other frames (step 106). Ensure that the image output quality does not fluctuate much and the user experience is better.
  • the type of the target macroblock in the image frame is recognized; the types include: text macroblock and picture macroblock; when the target macroblock is a text macroblock, Encode and transmit data other than the escape color of the target macroblock; the data other than the escape color includes: basic color, index map, index value, macroblock status table, the macroblock status table is used to represent the same position between different frames Whether the data of the macro block has changed.
  • the data other than the escape color is encoded to avoid the problem of excessively large code stream and excessive transmission pressure when there are too many escape colors.
  • an image transmission device As shown in FIG. 4, the image transmission device 40 includes:
  • the recognition module 401 is used to recognize the type of the target macroblock in the image frame when the current image frame is an I frame; the types include: text macroblock and picture macroblock;
  • the transmission module 402 is used for encoding and transmitting data of the target macroblock except for the escape color when the target macroblock is a text macroblock; the data other than the escape color includes: basic color, index map, index value, and macroblock status Table, the macro block status table is used to characterize whether the data of the macro block at the same position between different frames has changed.
  • the device 40 further includes:
  • the judging module 400 is used to judge whether the image frame is an I frame.
  • the device 40 further includes:
  • the determining module 403 is configured to determine whether the data of the target macro block has changed according to the macro block status table when the image frame is not an I frame;
  • the identification module 401 is also used to identify the type of the target macro block when the data of the target macro block has not changed;
  • the quantization module 404 is configured to quantize the escape color of the target macroblock into an M-bit value in the X base when the target macroblock is a text macroblock;
  • the transmission module 402 is also used to select the Q-bit value encoding transmission according to the progressive transmission status table and preset rules and update the progressive transmission status table, Q ⁇ M; the progressive transmission status table is used to represent the number of bits transmitted in the M-bit value.
  • the device 40 further includes:
  • the update module 405 is used to update the macro block status table and call the identification module 401 to identify the type of the target macro block when the data of the target macro block changes;
  • the quantization module 404 is also used for quantizing the escape color of the target macroblock into an M-bit value in the X base when the target macroblock is a text macroblock;
  • the transmission module 402 is also used to select the Q-bit value (Q ⁇ M) according to the progressive transmission status table and preset rules and update the progressive transmission status table, and then encode and transmit together with the basic color, index map, and index value of the target macroblock. .
  • the basic color, index map, index value and value of the macroblock can be transmitted in the non-I frame.
  • bandwidth can be effectively used.
  • the way of progressively encoding and transmitting escape colors in batches is consistent with other frames, which can ensure the image output quality The fluctuation is not big and the user experience is better.
  • the transmission module 402 is specifically configured to:
  • the quantization module 404 is specifically configured to:
  • the type of the target macroblock in the image frame is recognized; the types include: text macroblock, picture macroblock; when the target macroblock is a text macroblock, Encode and transmit data other than the escape color of the target macroblock; the data other than the escape color includes: basic color, index map, index value, macroblock status table, the macroblock status table is used to represent the same position between different frames Whether the data of the macro block has changed.
  • the data other than the escape color is encoded to avoid the problem of excessively large code stream and excessive transmission pressure when there are too many escape colors.
  • the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (English: Read Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (English: Random Access Memory, RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk and optical data storage device, etc.
  • the storage medium stores computer instructions for executing the image transmission method described in the above-mentioned embodiment corresponding to FIG. 1, which will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

本公开实施例提供的图像传输方法和装置,涉及图像传输技术领域,能够解决逃逸色过多时导致码流过大从而传输压力过大的问题。具体技术方案为:当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。

Description

图像传输方法及装置 技术领域
本公开涉及图像传输技术领域,尤其涉及图像传输方法及装置。
背景技术
随着互联网技术的高速发展,数字化信息时代已经深入到人们生活的各个方面,图像和视频的网络化传输在互联网应用中也越来越普遍,例如在诸如远程桌面、视频会议等场景中的交互式屏幕图像传输。
目前,颜色索引编码算法在交互式屏幕图像编码传输中得到了广泛应用,基本思想为:选取图像中出现次数最多的几种灰度值作为基本色(base color),其他的灰度值与基本色对应的灰度值差值在一定量化区间内的可以量化为基本色,差值不在前述量化区间内的其他的灰度值作为逃逸色(escape color),并为前述基本色和逃逸色指定索引值,再将原图像的每个像素值用对应的索引值替代从而形成一张索引图(index map),最后对基本色、逃逸色和索引图通过编码生成码流。
然而,当一帧图像中有大多数宏块(Macro Block,MB)是图片上面镶嵌了很多文字这样的类型时,当对该图像进行编码时,由于很多像素被判定为逃逸色,导致最终编码得到的码流很大,从而给传输带来巨大压力。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种图像传输方法及装置,能够解决逃逸色过多时导致码流过大从而传输压力过大的问题。所述技术方案如下:
根据本公开实施例的第一方面,提供一种图像传输方法,该方法包括:
当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;
当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状 态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。
在一个实施例中,该方法之前还包括:
判断该图像帧是否为I帧。
在一个实施例中,该方法还包括:
当该图像帧非I帧时,根据宏块状态表确定目标宏块的数据是否发生变化;
当目标宏块的数据未发生变化时,识别目标宏块的类型;
当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值编码传输并更新渐进传输状态表,Q≤M;渐进传输状态表用于表征M位数值中已传输的位数。
通过把I帧中需要编码的逃逸色的大量数据放到I帧后的非I帧进行渐进式分批编码传输,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,这样巧妙的安排使得I帧不必编码很大的码流也有效利用了非I帧码流较小的好处。
在一个实施例中,该方法还包括:
当目标宏块的数据发生变化时,更新宏块状态表并识别目标宏块的类型;
当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值(Q≤M)并更新渐进传输状态表后,连同目标宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值一并编码传输。
当非I帧相较相邻帧在同一位置的宏块的数据发生变化后,该宏块为文本宏块时,可以在非I帧中传输该宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值以及部分逃逸色的数据,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,可以有效利用带宽,另外渐进式分批编码传输逃逸色时与其他帧的方式保持一致,可以保证画面输出质量波动不大,用户体验较好。
在一个实施例中,根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值,包括:
根据渐进传输状态表确定M位数值中还未传输的P位,Q≤P≤M;
在还未传输的P位中按照X进制中从高位到低位的顺序选取Q位数值。
在一个实施例中,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值,包括:
当X取2,根据量化参数2 i对灰度值/2 i取整后将逃逸色量化为二进制下M=2 8-i位数值,其中i取值为小于8的正整数。
根据本公开实施例的第二方面,提供一种图像传输装置,该装置包括:
识别模块,用于当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;
传输模块,用于当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。
在一个实施例中,该装置还包括:
判断模块,用于判断该图像帧是否为I帧。
在一个实施例中,该装置还包括:
确定模块,用于当该图像帧非I帧时,根据宏块状态表确定目标宏块的数据是否发生变化;
识别模块,还用于当目标宏块的数据未发生变化时,识别目标宏块的类型;
量化模块,用于当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
传输模块,还用于根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值编码传输并更新渐进传输状态表,Q≤M;渐进传输状态表用于表征M位数值中已传输的位数。
通过把I帧中需要编码的逃逸色的大量数据放到I帧后的非I帧进行渐进式分批编码传输,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,这样巧妙 的安排使得I帧不必编码很大的码流也有效利用了非I帧码流较小的好处。
在一个实施例中,该装置还包括:
更新模块,用于当目标宏块的数据发生变化时,更新宏块状态表并调用识别模块识别目标宏块的类型;
量化模块,还用于当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
传输模块,还用于根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值(Q≤M)并更新渐进传输状态表后,连同目标宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值一并编码传输。
当非I帧相较相邻帧在同一位置的宏块的数据发生变化后,该宏块为文本宏块时,可以在非I帧中传输该宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值以及部分逃逸色的数据,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,可以有效利用带宽,另外渐进式分批编码传输逃逸色时与其他帧的方式保持一致,可以保证画面输出质量波动不大,用户体验较好。
在一个实施例中,传输模块具体用于:
根据渐进传输状态表确定M位数值中还未传输的P位,Q≤P≤M;
在还未传输的P位中按照X进制中从高位到低位的顺序选取Q位数值并更新渐进传输状态表后编码传输。
在一个实施例中,量化模块具体用于:
当X取2,根据量化参数2 i对灰度值/2 i取整后将逃逸色量化为二进制下M=2 8-i位数值,其中i取值为小于8的正整数。
本公开实施例提供的图像传输方法和装置,当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。在对I帧编码时,只编码逃逸色以外的数据从而避免逃逸色过多时导致码流过大从而传输压力过大的问题。
应当理解的是,以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的,并不能限制本公开。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,示出了符合本公开的实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
图1是本公开实施例的架构示意图;
图2是本公开实施例提供的一种图像传输方法的流程示意图一;
图3是本公开实施例提供的一种图像传输方法的流程示意图二;
图4是本公开实施例提供的一种图像传输装置的结构示意图一。
图5是本公开实施例提供的一种图像传输装置的结构示意图二。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明,其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时,除非另有表示,不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本公开相一致的所有实施方式。相反,它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本公开的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
如图1所示为视频压缩传输系统的架构图,在视频编码中,一个编码图像通常划分成若干宏块,视频编码算法以宏块为单位,逐个宏块进行编码,组织成连续的视频码流然后传输。编码器与解码器是相互匹配的,视频解码算法对视频解码的过程可以理解为视频编码算法的数据逆处理。
下面先对本公开实施例涉及的基本色、逃逸色、索引图以及索引值进行详细介绍,便于理解后续介绍的本公开实施例的技术方案。
本公开公开实施例中宏块的类型至少包括文本宏块以及图片宏块这两种类型,文本宏块是指该宏块的图像内容主要是文字,图片宏块是指该宏块的图像内容中不包括文字,可以根据识别算法识别出宏块是文本宏块还是图片宏块,识别算法可以参照现有的相关识别算法理解,本公开实施例中不做详述。本公开实施例中假设图像帧按照宏块大小为16*16(单位是像素)可以 被分为若干个宏块(16*16只是一种较佳的划分方式,本公开实施例并限于此,8*8或者4*4等划分方式也是允许的),本公开实施例中目标宏块可以理解为图像帧被分割后得到的任何一个待编码处理的宏块,对于目标宏块,编码处理前根据识别策略识别出是文本宏块还是图片宏块,本公开实施例的技术方案是应用于文本宏块的,对于图片宏块,采用现有的图片宏块相关的编码处理方式处理即可,本公开实施例中不做详述。
本公开实施例中,对于文字宏块,确定基本色、逃逸色、索引图以及索引值的过程如下:
视频编码中常用YUV的颜色编码方式,其中,Y表示明亮度(Luminance),U和V则分别表示色度(Chrominance)和饱和度(Chroma)。
步骤1、对文本宏块(16*16)的视频图像YUV分量的数值分别进行直方图统计,直方图的横轴为分量的数值,纵轴为出现数值出现的频次。
步骤2、对每个宏块的YUV分量分别找基本色和逃逸色,并得到每个YUV分量16x16大小的标记表,再将这3个标记表进行联合表示为一个新的标记表。
具体的,以Y分量为例,将Y分量取值区间[0,255]均分为长为N(N值取2的幂次,不超过256,典型值N=8)的窗,计算每个窗内直方图频次的累加和,找出4个最大累加和以及对应累加和区间内的最大值,按照这4个累加和从大到小的次序,依次对应Y分量下4个基本色0,1,2,3以及基本色的分量数值;对于宏块内每个像素的Y分量,与前述0,1,2,3四个基本色的分量数值依次比较,如果差值的绝对值在一定范围内(N=8的情况下可以取4,这个范围决定基本色和逃逸色的比例),则该像素量化为该基本色值,并填充Y分量对应的标记表(填充标记值为0、1、2或3),如果都不满足则该像素表示逃逸色,通过质量参数量化(一般策略是逃逸色值/质量参数),并填充Y分量对应的标记表,填充标记值为4;③将YUV三个分量的3个标记表做5进制(原因:标记表中标记值取值为0、1、2、3或4)的联合表示,可计算得到1个新的标记表中每个像素的标记值:5 2*Y分量标记值+5 1*U分量标记值+5 0*V分量标记值。值得一提的是,对于新的标记表中每个像素的标记值,根据前述联合表示公式以及Y分量、U分量、V分量的标记值取值为0、1、2、3或4的限定条件,可以逆推出每个像素Y分量、U分量、V 分量的具体标记值。
再然后,根据上述的新的标记表,将当前像素的标记值与相邻的左和上像素的标记值对比(可以设定为),得到LUO表。具体的,其中L表示当前像素与其左方相邻像素标记值相同,重新标记为0;U表示当前像素与其正上方像素基本色值相同,重新标记为1;O表示当前像素与上方以及左方像素标记值均不相同,重新标记为2。此处需要说明一种特殊情况,当前像素左方与上方均有像素时,当前像素先与左方相邻像素比较,相同则直接标记为0,如不同再与上方相邻像素比较,相同则标记为1,不同则标记为2。当为O时,由于无法根据邻域得到本身的值,需要记录此像素在步骤2中得到的标记值。值得一提的是,对LUO表,根据LUO表的生成规则,只要有O对应的标记值中每个像素的标记值,就可以逆推出每个像素的标记值。
步骤3、对LUO表做进一步的处理确定索引图以及索引值。
具体的,当LUO表(16x16)中一行全部为L类型时,再次重新标记为81;当一行全为U类型时,再次重新标记为82;当一行全为O类型时,再次重新标记为83;否则,可以从左到右按照4个元素一组进行3进制(原因:LUO表中标记值取值为0、1、2)的联合表示:索引图的索引值=3 3*第一个LUO标志值+3 2*第二个LUO标志+3 1*第三个LUO标志+3 0*第四个LUO标志。
值得一提的是,根据索引图的生成规则,根据索引图中的索引值,就可以逆推出LUO表;进一步的,可以再逆推出每个像素的标记值,再进一步的,可以逆推出每个像素Y分量、U分量、V分量的具体标记值;最后结合Y分量、U分量、V分量各自基本色的分量数值,可以最终逆推出每个像素Y分量、U分量、V分量的具体分量取值。上述逆推处理可以是由视频解码端执行。
本公开实施例提供一种图像传输方法,如图2所示,图2是本公开实施例提供的一种图像传输方法的流程图,该图像传输方法包括以下步骤:
101、当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型。
在一个实施例中,如图3所示,该方法之前还包括:
100、判断该图像帧是否为I帧。
具体的,判断该图像帧是否为I帧可以参照现有的判断算法,在此不做详述。当判断该图像帧为I帧后,执行步骤101及相应步骤;当判断该图像帧非I帧后,执行步骤103及相应步骤。
102、当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。
具体的,基本色、索引图以及索引值参照前述相关段落的阐述,对于宏块状态表,该表中可以存储图像帧中所有宏块的状态数据,例如可以用1表示前后两个图像帧相同位置的宏块的数据发生变化,0表示未变化。宏块状态表实时更新并可以在编码端和解码端同时维护,编码端编码宏块数据时需要用到宏块状态表,解码端解码数据时需要用到宏块状态表。
需要说明的时,从步骤102可知,在对I帧编码时,只编码逃逸色以外的数据从而就可以避免逃逸色过多时导致码流过大从而传输压力过大的问题。
在一个实施例中,如图3所示,该方法还可以包括:
103、当该图像帧非I帧时,根据宏块状态表确定目标宏块的数据是否发生变化;
具体的,根据宏块状态表确定该图像帧中目标宏块与上一图像帧中位置与目标宏块对应的宏块之间数据是否发生了变化。示例性的,对于视频会议或者PPT演讲或文档展示的场景,画面内容一定时间内都不会发生改变,因此,大量的图像帧的宏块的数据就不会变化。
104、当目标宏块的数据未发生变化时,识别目标宏块的类型。
具体的,当目标宏块相较与上一图像帧中与目标宏块对应的宏块两者数据未发生变化时,类似于步骤101,根据识别策略识别目标宏块是文本宏块还是图片宏块。
105、当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值。
在一个实施例中,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值,具 体包括:
当X取2,根据量化参数2 i对灰度值/2 i取整后将逃逸色量化为二进制下M=2 8-i位数值,其中i取值为小于8的正整数。
示例性的,假设X取2,则X进制为二进制,将目标宏块的逃逸色(取值在[0,255]范围内),以参数16(2 i,i=4)量化到[0,15],将其转化为用4bit(M=2 8-i=4)表示的二进制数值。前述以参数16将逃逸色(取值在[0,255]范围内)量化到[0,15]的过程,举例如下:取值为[0,15]范围内的逃逸色量化为0,取值为[16,31]范围内的逃逸色量化为1,取值为[32,47]范围内的逃逸色量化为2,…,取值为[240,255]范围内的逃逸色量化为15。
106、根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值编码传输并更新渐进传输状态表,Q≤M;渐进传输状态表用于表征M位数值中已传输的位数。
在一个实施例中,根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值,具体包括:
1061、根据渐进传输状态表确定M位数值中还未传输的P位,Q≤P≤M;
1062、在还未传输的P位中按照X进制中从高位到低位的顺序选取Q位数值。
示例性的,逃逸色量化为二进制下4(M=4)位数值,开始进行渐进式传输,按照二进制中最高位至最低位的顺序传输,假设根据渐进传输状态表确定已传输的位数为0(P=4-0=4),那么本次在当前图像帧的数据编码时可以选取最高位(Q=1)的数值进行编码传输,同时也更新渐进传输状态表便于下一图像帧编码传输逃逸色时获知已传输的位数从而选取未传输的位数继续编码传输,如果按照前述一帧图像传输逃逸色一位数值的设定,那么四个图像帧可以完全传输完成。
通过上述步骤,可以看到把I帧中需要编码的逃逸色的大量数据放到I帧后的非I帧进行渐进式分批编码传输,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,这样巧妙的安排使得I帧不必编码很大的码流也有效利用了非I帧码流较小的好处。
在一个实施例中,如图3所示,该方法还可以包括:
107、当目标宏块的数据发生变化时,更新宏块状态表并识别目标宏块的类型。
具体的,当目标宏块相较与上一图像帧中与目标宏块对应的宏块两者数据发生变化时,更新宏块状态表,类似于步骤101,根据识别策略识别目标宏块是文本宏块还是图片宏块。
108、当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值。
具体的,参照步骤105的表述理解。
109、根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值(Q≤M)并更新渐进传输状态表后,连同目标宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值一并编码传输。
具体的,参照步骤106的表述以及前述有关基本色、索引图、索引值相关的表述理解。
当非I帧相较相邻帧在同一位置的宏块的数据发生变化后,该宏块为文本宏块时,可以在非I帧中传输该宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值以及部分逃逸色的数据,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,可以有效利用带宽,另外渐进式分批编码传输逃逸色时与其他帧的方式(步骤106)保持一致,可以保证画面输出质量波动不大,用户体验较好。
本公开实施例提供的图像传输方法,当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。在对I帧编码时,只编码逃逸色以外的数据从而避免逃逸色过多时导致码流过大从而传输压力过大的问题。
基于上述图2或图3对应的实施例中所描述的图像传输方法,下述为本公开装置实施例,可以用于执行上述本公开方法实施例。
本公开实施例提供一种图像传输装置,如图4所示,该图像传输装置40包括:
识别模块401,用于当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;
传输模块402,用于当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。
在一个实施例中,如图5所示,该装置40还包括:
判断模块400,用于判断该图像帧是否为I帧。
在一个实施例中,如图5所示,该装置40还包括:
确定模块403,用于当该图像帧非I帧时,根据宏块状态表确定目标宏块的数据是否发生变化;
识别模块401,还用于当目标宏块的数据未发生变化时,识别目标宏块的类型;
量化模块404,用于当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
传输模块402,还用于根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值编码传输并更新渐进传输状态表,Q≤M;渐进传输状态表用于表征M位数值中已传输的位数。
通过把I帧中需要编码的逃逸色的大量数据放到I帧后的非I帧进行渐进式分批编码传输,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,这样巧妙的安排使得I帧不必编码很大的码流也有效利用了非I帧码流较小的好处。
在一个实施例中,如图5所示,该装置40还包括:
更新模块405,用于当目标宏块的数据发生变化时,更新宏块状态表并调用识别模块401识别目标宏块的类型;
量化模块404,还用于当目标宏块为文本宏块时,将目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
传输模块402,还用于根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值(Q≤M)并更新渐进传输状态表后,连同目标宏块的基本色、索引图、索 引值一并编码传输。
当非I帧相较相邻帧在同一位置的宏块的数据发生变化后,该宏块为文本宏块时,可以在非I帧中传输该宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值以及部分逃逸色的数据,由于非I帧本身编码数据量相比I帧会小很多,可以有效利用带宽,另外渐进式分批编码传输逃逸色时与其他帧的方式保持一致,可以保证画面输出质量波动不大,用户体验较好。
在一个实施例中,传输模块402具体用于:
根据渐进传输状态表确定M位数值中还未传输的P位,Q≤P≤M;
在还未传输的P位中按照X进制中从高位到低位的顺序选取Q位数值并更新渐进传输状态表后编码传输。
在一个实施例中,量化模块404具体用于:
当X取2,根据量化参数2 i对灰度值/2 i取整后将逃逸色量化为二进制下M=2 8-i位数值,其中i取值为小于8的正整数。
本公开实施例提供的图像传输装置,当前图像帧为I帧时,识别该图像帧中目标宏块的类型;类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;当目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。在对I帧编码时,只编码逃逸色以外的数据从而避免逃逸色过多时导致码流过大从而传输压力过大的问题。
基于上述图1对应的实施例中所描述的图像传输方法,本公开实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,例如,非临时性计算机可读存储介质可以是只读存储器(英文:Read Only Memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(英文:Random Access Memory,RAM)、CD-ROM、磁带、软盘和光数据存储装置等。该存储介质上存储有计算机指令,用于执行上述图1对应的实施例中所描述的图像传输方法,此处不再赘述。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的公开后,将容易想到本公开的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本公开的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化,这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本公开的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被 视为示例性的,本公开的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种图像传输方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    当前图像帧为I帧时,识别所述图像帧中目标宏块的类型;所述类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;
    当所述目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码所述目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;所述除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,所述宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法之前还包括:
    判断所述图像帧是否为I帧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    当所述图像帧非I帧时,根据所述宏块状态表确定所述目标宏块的数据是否发生变化;
    当所述目标宏块的数据未发生变化时,识别所述目标宏块的类型;
    当所述目标宏块为文本宏块时,将所述目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
    根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值编码传输并更新所述渐进传输状态表,Q≤M;所述渐进传输状态表用于表征所述M位数值中已传输的位数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    当所述目标宏块的数据发生变化时,更新所述宏块状态表并识别所述目标宏块的类型;
    当所述目标宏块为文本宏块时,将所述目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
    根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值(Q≤M)并更新所述渐进传输状态表后,连同所述目标宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值一并编码传输。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据渐进传输状态表 以及预设规则选取Q位数值,包括:
    根据所述渐进传输状态表确定所述M位数值中还未传输的P位,Q≤P≤M;
    在所述还未传输的P位中按照所述X进制中从高位到低位的顺序选取Q位数值。
  6. 一种图像传输装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    识别模块,用于当前图像帧为I帧时,识别所述图像帧中目标宏块的类型;所述类型包括:文本宏块、图片宏块;
    传输模块,用于当所述目标宏块为文本宏块时,编码所述目标宏块的除逃逸色以外的数据并传输;所述除逃逸色以外的数据包括:基本色、索引图、索引值、宏块状态表,所述宏块状态表用于表征不同帧之间相同位置的宏块的数据是否发生变化。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    判断模块,用于判断所述图像帧是否为I帧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    确定模块,用于当所述图像帧非I帧时,根据所述宏块状态表确定所述目标宏块的数据是否发生变化;
    所述识别模块,还用于当所述目标宏块的数据未发生变化时,识别所述目标宏块的类型;
    量化模块,用于当所述目标宏块为文本宏块时,将所述目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
    所述传输模块,还用于根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值编码传输并更新所述渐进传输状态表,Q≤M;所述渐进传输状态表用于表征所述M位数值中已传输的位数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    更新模块,用于当所述目标宏块的数据发生变化时,更新所述宏块状态表并调用所述识别模块识别所述目标宏块的类型;
    所述量化模块,还用于当所述目标宏块为文本宏块时,将所述目标宏块的逃逸色量化为X进制下M位数值;
    所述传输模块,还用于根据渐进传输状态表以及预设规则选取Q位数值(Q≤M)并更新所述渐进传输状态表后,连同所述目标宏块的基本色、索引图、索引值一并编码传输。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传输模块具体用于:
    根据所述渐进传输状态表确定所述M位数值中还未传输的P位,Q≤P≤M;
    在所述还未传输的P位中按照所述X进制中从高位到低位的顺序选取Q位数值并更新所述渐进传输状态表后编码传输。
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