WO2020238501A1

WO2020238501A1 - Full-assembly pressure-bearing type variable-diameter steel cage expansion head anchor rod pile system

Info

Publication number: WO2020238501A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/086227
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王林; 聂文峰; 陶刚; 王军
Original assignee: 江苏景源万河环境科技有限公司
Priority date: 2019-05-28
Filing date: 2020-04-22
Publication date: 2020-12-03
Also published as: CN111005376A; CN110344405A

Abstract

Provided is a full-assembly pressure-bearing type variable-diameter steel cage expansion head anchor rod pile system, comprising a variable-diameter steel cage, a steel bar connector, an anchor rod piece, and a limiter which is a limiting nut, the limiting nut can be an open or closed structure, and the like, the variable-diameter steel cage is limited on the anchor rod piece (defined position) by the limiting nut and a bottom plate anchor nut; the anchor rod piece uses finish rolling or common threaded steel bars, the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the steel bar end portions of the anchor rod piece; the top of the anchor rod piece and the bottom plate are anchored, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece and the expansion head steel cage, namely the variable-diameter steel cage, are anchored; the variable-diameter steel cage is provided with a restraining and releasing device, the concrete or cement mortar crystalline portion is combined with the expansion head variable-diameter steel cage and an axial rod to form the variable-diameter steel cage expansion head anchor rod pile system; and the variable-diameter steel cage expansion head anchor rod pile framework system is fully assembled.

Description

A fully assembled pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system

Technical field

The invention relates to an anchor pile, in particular a variable diameter steel cage and an expanded anchor pile system, which is mainly used for the support of anti-floating foundation pits in building basements, side slope support, and reinforcement. Compression pile. The invention can provide a large pull-out resistance, stable and reliable performance of the anchor rod and the frame, reduce environmental pollution, energy saving and environmental protection, and is a device and application technology for improving efficiency and accelerating engineering progress.

Background technique

Straight-through or enlarged head bolt technology is a new type of underground engineering application technology, in line with the spirit of "energy saving, emission reduction, and green development" advocated by the country. Compared with general traditional technology, it is more economical and environmentally friendly in solving the problem of basement anti-floating and foundation pit support. At the same time, it also has greater advantages in terms of cost, construction period and durability. With the popularization of the expansion bolt technology, more and more projects adopt the expansion bolt technology for basement anti-floating and foundation pit support. At the same time, a large number of engineering practices have shown that the tensile force of anchor rods is much greater than that of ordinary anchor rods. The deformation and displacement of ordinary anchor rods are larger, so the displacement control requirements are higher than traditional pile foundations, so how to better control The deformation of the bolt is an important direction for the improvement of the expansion bolt technology. It is well known in the industry that the deformation of the anchor rod includes the elastic deformation of the free section of the rod body and the creep deformation of the soil in the anchoring section of the enlarged head. Corresponding products and construction methods are required. It also involves the expansion of pressure-bearing straight or variable diameter steel cages. Bolt construction method.

At this stage, the expansion head anti-floating anchor rod solves the problems of the deformation method. A large number of engineering practices have shown that the deformation of the straight or expanded head anchor rod is larger than that of the traditional pile foundation. Therefore, how to better control the deformation of the anchor rod is to expand the body. An important direction for the improvement of bolt technology.

The plastic deformation and residual deformation of the compressed soil of the expansion section of the anchor rod are related to the end pressure endured by the expansion section and the nature of the soil layer, and has nothing to do with the number of steel bars used in the rod.

The elastic deformation of the free section of the anchor rod is controlled. The elastic deformation of the rod, that is, the elastic deformation of the steel bar, is mainly controlled by the cross-sectional area of the steel bar, the elastic modulus of the steel bar and the length of the rod. Axial tension and compression deformation formula:

Take the anti-floating anchor rod for the basement of a project in Nanjing as an example. The total length of the anchor rod is 13m (of which the ordinary section of the anchor rod is 10.0m long and 200mm in diameter; the expanded section is 750mm in diameter and 3.0m in length), and the anchor rod with a resistance value of 500KN as an example . The calculation table of the theoretical elastic displacement of the pull-out anchor is as follows:

In the state of ultimate load, the theoretical free deformation of the anchor rod reaches 51.75mm.

After the anchor test, the maximum deformation of the anchor rod is 81.6mm and the residual deformation is about 31.3mm under the action of the ultimate pull-out force. The actual elastic deformation is 50.3mm. It can be seen that the elastic deformation of the anchor rod accounts for more than 50% of the maximum deformation of the enlarged head anchor rod.

For the control of the deformation of the anti-floating anchor rod of the enlarged head, the main method at this stage is to apply the post-tensioning method to solve the elastic deformation of the free section of the anchor rod. The specific implementation steps are to slot the bottom plate after the main structure bottom plate is poured. The bottom plate is used as the application fulcrum, and after the application is completed, the concrete at the slot is poured to complete the anchor rod locking. The main defect of this deformation control method is that it needs to be applied after the construction of the bottom plate is completed and the design strength is reached, which will greatly delay the construction period. At the same time, it is necessary to slot in the bottom plate of the main structure during application, which will cause different degrees of damage to the main structure. It has an adverse effect on the waterproofing of the basement, and at the same time requires longer precipitation for the foundation pit, and the relative cost increases more. The method to control the deformation of the free section of the pressure-bearing straight-through or variable-diameter steel cage expansion anchor rod is not solved.

The anchor rod must have several elements: a rod with higher tensile strength than the rock and soil, one end of the rod can be in close contact with the rock and soil to form friction (or bonding) resistance; the other end of the anchor rod located outside the rock and soil can form Radial resistance to rock and soil; as a tensile member deep into the ground, the anchor rod is connected to the engineering structure at one end, and the other end penetrates into the ground. The whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchor section. The free section refers to the anchor The tensile force at the head of the club is transmitted to the area of the anchor solid, and its function is to apply to the anchor rod; the anchor section refers to the area where the cement paste bonds the tendons and the soil layer, and its function is to bond and rub the anchor solid and the soil layer. The effect is increased, which increases the pressure-bearing or anti-floating effect of the anchor solid and transmits the tensile force of the free section to the depth of the soil.

The CN2017208194362 applied by the applicant is a device for overcoming the construction deformation of anti-floating and tensile anchor rods. The anchor rods with variable-diameter steel cages are used to strengthen the rock and soil. Through the longitudinal tensile force of the anchor rod body, the shortcomings of the tensile strength of the rock and soil are far lower than the compressive capacity. From a mechanical point of view, it mainly improves the cohesion C and the internal friction angle φ of the surrounding rock mass. In fact, the anchor rod is located in the rock and soil body to form a new complex with the rock and soil body. The anchor rod in this complex is the key to solving the low tensile capacity of the surrounding rock mass. As a result, the bearing capacity of the rock and soil is greatly enhanced.

Bolt is the most basic component of roadway support in contemporary underground mining mines. It binds the surrounding rock of the roadway together so that the surrounding rock itself supports itself; now bolts are not only used in mines, but also in construction engineering technology Actively strengthen basements, slopes, tunnels, dams, etc.

The basic type of anchor rod is: steel or wire rope mortar anchor rod. Cement mortar is used as the binder between the bolt and the surrounding rock. It also includes an inverted wedge metal anchor. Pipe joint anchor rod. Resin anchor rod. The cost of using resin as the binder of the bolt is relatively high. Xi’an University of Science and Technology Hui Xingtian invented a new type of screw bolt→spin bolt. Spin anchors include the following types: self-tapping extrusion screw-in anchor rod → direct extrusion screw-in installation in the soil layer without drilling holes, anchoring force 20KN/m; spin-grouting anchor rod → after installation in the borehole The use of spin bolt grouting becomes a spin grouting bolt with initial anchoring force; spin resin bolt → while installing in the borehole, the spin bolt will stir the resin charge into a self-priming bolt with initial anchoring force. Rotary resin anchor rod; self-drilling and self-anchoring anchor rod → put the drill rod in the hollow of the spinning anchor rod to complete the installation of the drilling hole at one time is a self-drilling anchor rod with initial anchoring force; spin shotcrete anchor rod → in the soil The anchoring force is 35KN/m by drilling and installing the anchor at the same time. At present, the commonly used expansion bolt technologies on the market include plain slurry and capsule expansion bolt technologies.

The inventors have already defined the structure of the diameter-reducing steel cage, but how to release the steel-reinforced cage to expand the diameter requires a special structure and requires stable and reliable release, because the diameter-reducing is in an underground borehole.

CN201710363883 A construction method for overcoming the deformation of the anti-floating fixed diameter anchor head or the enlarged head anchor rod system was previously applied by the applicant. When the borehole is drilled to the design depth, high-pressure jet grouting construction or mechanical reaming construction can be carried out, and the anchor is lowered The tie rod of the rod and the fixed diameter anchor head or expansion head. After the expansion head is in place, the expansion mechanism will expand the expansion head to the design size, and then high-pressure grouting or pouring concrete is piled in the expansion section and the entire free section; the tie rod in the anchor rod adopts energy The applied threaded steel bars; tying the spiral stirrups and the foundation slab steel bars on the base to avoid collisions with the steel bars during the lashing process; finally, the foundation concrete foundation slab is poured by the formwork.

Engineering practice shows that the displacement of the pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage expansion bolt consists of two parts: the elastic deformation of the rod body and the slip (plastic deformation) of the expansion section. The anchor rod has not yet been invented. The applicant also applied for the following patents: including but not limited to CN2017211488836, a variable diameter steel cage and anchor rod, CN2017213763240 a balloon expansion variable diameter steel cage and anchor rod, CN2017211496584 an anchor rod member, and CN2017208194362 a kind A device that overcomes the construction deformation of anti-floating and tensile anchor rods. CN2019205482437 is an open limit nut, and CN2019205482441 is an anchor rod locking device.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system, which can be widely used in various anti-floating and tensile applications, including the main body of the anchor rod, using straight or especially enlarged head variable diameter steel cage The constituted anchor heads are combined together to form a variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor rod pile system, which overcomes the anti-floating deformation and the elastic deformation of the free section of the rod body. A variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system. The steel cage can expand the diameter reduction and release the structure, so that the diameter reduction steel cage can work. It can be applied to all the expansion anchor technology and overcome the anchor bearing capacity of the plain slurry expansion head. And the lack of integrity.

The technical scheme of the present invention is a fully assembled pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor rod pile system, including a variable-diameter steel cage, the variable-diameter steel cage is provided with a restraint and release device; an anchor rod; a steel connector , The limiter is a limit nut, the limit nut is an open or closed structure, the variable diameter steel cage and the axial rod in the enlarged head are fixed on the anchor rod by the limit nut; the variable diameter steel cage, anchor rod Rods and steel bar connectors form a variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile framework system; anchor rods use fine-rolled rebar, steel strands, and pre-stressed tie rods, and steel bar connectors are used for the length connection of anchor rods; The top of the rod member is anchored to the building bottom plate, the bottom of the anchor rod member and the enlarged head steel cage are locked and anchored; the enlarged head variable diameter steel cage, anchor rods, anchors and concrete, cement mortar or grout The crystals are combined to form a variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system; the variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile frame system is a fully assembled type.

The fixing layer at the upper end of the axial rod adopts three-piece high-strength nut anchoring form, three-way high-strength nut or flange anchoring structure or other traditional methods. Flange nuts and tic-shaped steel mesh combined structure or other traditional anchoring methods are anchored to the bottom plate, purlin, beam, etc.

The enlarged head reinforcement cage, namely the variable diameter reinforcement cage, includes the main reinforcement of the steel bar and the configuration of the reinforcement material, that is, the axial rod, the main reinforcement, the ring or the ring plate, and a number of vertical reinforcements, stirrups, a number of ribs, ring-shaped fixators, and Ring or ring plate, the pressure-bearing bottom plate is perpendicular to the axial rod, one end of a number of vertical ribs is evenly fixed on the ring or ring plate, the other end or middle of each vertical rib is connected to one end of a rib, several vertical ribs Around the axial rod, the other end of the rib is connected to a ring-shaped retainer, which is fixed or slid on the axial rod; a releasable spring is used to change the diameter of the steel cage.

The enlarged head reinforcement cage is provided with flexible connection elastic stirrups on the periphery of several vertical reinforcements; the variable diameter reinforcement cage is released by releasing the elastic stirrups, and the axial rods, namely the main reinforcement of the steel reinforcement and the reinforcement material of the configuration, are both wrapped in concrete or cement sand And condense.

The outer circumference of the variable-diameter steel cage is wrapped with a pocket. The outer periphery can be wrapped, equipped with a bag, a protective cover, a guide centering bracket, or a pulley (plate) can be added.

The front end of the anchor rod is provided with a device for connecting or compounding with a variable-diameter steel cage, a fixed-diameter steel cage, a bladder or other anchor heads to form an anchor pile application system.

The number of anchor rods is one or several fine-rolled high-strength rebars or ordinary rebars or steel strands; or further short piles with variable diameter steel cages and enlarged heads and traditional cast-in-place piles, precast piles, steel piles, The combination of bamboo piles, etc. forms a pile with composite functions that can resist both squashing and compression.

The various components of the steel frame in the variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system are assembled; when the anchor rod is connected with the variable diameter steel cage, the fixed diameter steel cage, the pocket or other anchor heads, the The lower end of the anchor rod is reserved for the length of the variable-diameter steel cage, the fixed-diameter steel cage, the pocket or other anchor heads. The bottom part of the anchor head is connected with the anchor plate, or appropriate steel is reserved. The length is connected with the top of the finished anchor rod head with an adapter nut; or by improving the rods and anchor heads, the anchor rod rods and various variable diameter steel cages, fixed diameter steel cages, and pockets become an organic whole.

The top of the anchor rod and the upper end of the tie rod are anchored by a three-piece high-strength nut, and the three-way high-strength nut or flange anchoring structure uses high-strength nuts; the top of the basic structure anchor rod is embedded and sleeved The blue nut is fixed, or the anchor plate is fixed with a nut, or the anchor plate and the fixed nut are integrated, and are connected with the steel frame system of the foundation bottom plate.

The outer circumferential stirrups of the variable-diameter steel cage are grid-like, and the outer circumference can be wrapped or set with a bag, protective cover, guide cap, guide centering bracket, or additional pulley (plate); according to the need, set the injection in the variable-diameter steel cage Grout pipe, or external grouting pipe; the variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile frame system is fully assembled, and the method of "cage in cage" or "cage in series" can be selected according to the needs of the project. Grout or cement mortar is wrapped and condensed to finally form a pile; according to needs, a grouting pipe is set in the variable diameter steel cage, or an external grouting pipe, the variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor rod pile framework system and concrete, cement slurry or cement mortar Wrap and condense to form a pile.

The diameter of the steel cage is variable. By distributing the elasticity, flexibility, and simplification of the ribs in several parts of the steel cage, a restraint and release mechanism is set, so that the diameter of the steel cage can be restricted and stretched. The variable-diameter steel cage is equipped with a ring-shaped fixture or a circular flower piece. Several ribs are flexibly connected to fix or slide on the axial rods to form an active mechanism of the steel cage; options include but not limited to restraint rope, restraint lock, restraint Pins, restraint covers, electronic locks and other restraint methods make the diameter of the steel cage in a reduced restraint state. The choices include but not limited to release springs, spring sheets, elastic balls, elastomers (such as cowhide tendons, etc.), airbags, counterweights, and rotation , Axial rod expansion and contraction, axial rod expansion and contraction with casing, application of external force, electric, electronic remote control and other methods to expand and release; it can also be simplified, selected, replaced, optimized and combined with the method of active mechanism, restraint and release device, Make the diameter of the steel cage variable; according to the needs of the project, you can choose to set up different material, specification, shape, structure, quantity, size of the reinforcement of the variable diameter steel cage, and the variable diameter steel cage can form a variety of solid geometry with different characteristics Shapes, including but not limited to, such as cylinders, cones, spheres, cubes, cuboids, bamboo joints, polyhedrons, polyhedrons, etc.

Through 5G, blockchain, big data, two-dimensional code, three-dimensional code and other scientific technologies and methods, the status of its existence in the underground, engineering safety performance, quality status, etc., can be dynamic and traceable throughout the process and main nodes Identify and detect to ensure the safety and stability of the pile foundation.

The enlarged head reinforcement cage is a technical solution that the applicant has applied for. The reduced diameter reinforcement cage or spring-like spiral reinforcement. The reduced diameter reinforcement cage includes axial rods, namely main reinforcement, circular ring or ring plate, and several vertical reinforcements, several ribs, and rings. The ring or ring plate is perpendicular to the axial rod. One end of a number of vertical ribs is evenly fixed on the ring or ring plate. The other end or middle of each vertical rib is connected to one end of a rib. The rib surrounds the axial rod, and the other end of the rib is connected to a ring-shaped retainer, which is fixed or slid on the axial rod. There are stirrups on the outer circumference of the vertical ribs, and the stirrups are fixed with the vertical ribs or the axial rods. The stirrups are rope-shaped; the axial rods are equipped with axial springs and are affected by the stopper or the limiting slat. Restriction: When the stirrup is tightened, it is not in use, and the end of the stirrup is provided with a release device; the stirrup can also be in the shape of a coil spring. Stirrup materials: glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, graphene, carbon-related materials and their composite materials, etc. The active mechanism 9, the stirrup 10, the axial rod sleeve 11, and the pressure bearing plate 12 are the basic components of the applicant's reduced-diameter steel cage.

The main reinforcement of the axial rod is a fine-rolled threaded steel bar, and the variable diameter steel cage is configured as the reinforcement material, and the main reinforcement of the steel reinforcement and the configuration of the reinforcement material are condensed and solidified. Concrete or cement mortar, cement slurry or other curable material wraps and solidifies the main reinforcement (usually using fine-rolled rebar) and the enlarged head reinforcement cage 15 to form an anchor rod system; the concrete or mortar body (concrete) combined with the enlarged head reinforcement cage Body) 4. Set an appropriate number of hoisting buckles, hoisting rings, and installation hoisting points at the appropriate positions of the anchor rod.

The front end of the anchor rod is provided with a device for connecting or compounding with a variable diameter steel bar cage, a fixed diameter steel bar cage, a bladder or other anchor heads to form an anchor rod application system.

The application areas of the anchor rods include, but are not limited to, anti-floating and tensile resistance, roads, mining, tunnels and bridges, foundation pits and mountain slope protection, treatment of geological disasters; also used in compression engineering and other fields.

In the described bolt body system, the steps of the application method are: the method used to overcome the deformation of the anti-floating fixed diameter anchor head or the enlarged head anchor rod, drill to the design depth, and carry out the high-pressure jet grouting construction or mechanical reaming construction, After the hole is formed, place the anchor rod body for grafting the anchor rod with the variable diameter steel cage, fixed diameter steel cage, pocket or other anchor head. After the expansion head with the variable diameter steel cage is in place, release the restraint mechanism to make the diameter change The reinforcement cage is expanded to the design size, and then high-pressure grouting or pouring concrete is piled at the expansion section and the gap between the entire anchor rod and the hole to complete the anchor pile.

The fixing layer at the top of the anchor rod and the upper end of the axial rod adopts three-piece high-strength nut anchoring form, three-way high-strength nut or flange anchoring structure, and high-strength nut 13 is used. The basic structure is that the top of the tie rod in the anchor rod is fixed by the flange nut embedded and sleeved with the reinforcement (tie rod), or it can be fixed by the anchor plate and fixed with the nut, and is connected to the reinforcement frame system of the foundation floor. Figure 19 shows the bottom of the reinforcement cage under pressure The plate and the anchor nut are integrated, which can replace the limiting nut/device in Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 18-1, to achieve the fixed position of the steel cage at the rod design position; finally, install The anchor plate is fixed to the base plate of the concrete foundation base plate by the formwork.

The beneficial effect is that through the pre-preparation of the anchor rod, it can become a standardized product of factory production and form a series of specifications of the stress anchor rod. The pre-tensioned anchor rod eliminates the deformation of the anchor rod and can well reduce the displacement of the engineering anchor rod. There is no need to reapply and pour fixed stress materials during construction. It is obviously easy to see that factory-based production bolts are far superior to on-site operations in terms of quality, time, ease of operation, overall efficiency, environmental protection, and cost. Considering comprehensively, the present invention, through the use of the anchor rod, enables the bearing capacity to reach the applied value required by the design, overcomes the inconvenience of the post-tensioning method used in the construction, and can greatly reduce the deformation of the free section of the expanded anchor rod. At the same time, the construction of this scheme is simpler and basically has no effect on the construction of the foundation. It has a positive effect on improving the quality of the project and the safety of technology.

The design, construction and acceptance of the pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head bolt technology refer to "JGT/T282-2012 High-pressure Jet Enlarged Head Bolt Technical Specification". The application of the invention belongs to the application of enlarged head anchor rod or large head pile foundation technology.

The solution of the present invention can form an anchor rod with sufficient frictional force for pulling or resisting force transmission, the anchoring force is obviously increased, and the whole anchor rod has good integrity, and is also used for the concrete reinforcement cage framework of the large-head pile foundation. Mainly used in building basement anti-floating foundation pit support, slope support, and reinforcement technology. The technology of the present invention can provide large pullout resistance, stable and reliable performance, and has a good effect on reducing environmental pollution and accelerating project progress.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the anchor pile of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the anchor pile without releasing the reinforcement cage of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the first embodiment of area D in Fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of flange anchoring structure;

Figure 4 is the second embodiment of D area in Figure 1, which is a three-way high-strength anchoring form;

Figure 5 is the third embodiment of area D in Figure 1, which is a three-piece anchoring form of high-strength nuts; Figure 5-1 is a schematic diagram of the three-piece integrated structure;

Figure 6 is the embodiment 4 of area D in Figure 1. It is the anchoring form of the water-stop steel plate plus the bending of the main bar steel bar. 30 is the welded water-stop steel plate, and 30-1 is the bent steel bar. The upper support is under force.

Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 are schematic diagrams of the first to fifth types of centering brackets 1, wherein Figures 7-9 are cross-sectional structural diagrams, and Figures 10-11 are longitudinal sections (parallel to the axial rod Cross-section); The centering bracket refers to a device that protects the steel cage and the axial rod when the steel cage sinks in the prefabricated hole. It is sleeved on the axial rod 3 or may be sleeved on the prestressed rod such as 3-1. The centering bracket is a volume, especially an injection-molded cavity. It can also be made of foamed polymer materials. The shape is not limited. There is a hole in the center, which can pass through one (Figure 9-11) or multiple (Figure 9-11) 7-8 are three axial rods) Axial rod. After the volume block passes through the axial rod, the maximum diameter of the volume block perpendicular to the axial rod is slightly smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole. This drilled hole is used for sinking unreleased steel bars. The cage has the function of supporting the wall of the borehole by the centering bracket.

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor pile body 3,

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of anchor pile body 3, and Fig. 13-1 is a steel strand;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third type of anchor pile body 3, which may be a structure of multiple anchor pile bodies. It also includes prestressed members such as 3-1 (the anchor pile body is prestressed and then cast concrete).

Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, and 18-1 are schematic diagrams of the first to fifth limit devices respectively; the limiter 5, the limit device, mainly refers to the limit nut, which is fixed on the axial rod in the steel cage Use at one position (ie limit). In Figure 15, 5-1 is an open limit nut, Figure 16 in 5-2 is a closed limit nut, in Figure 17, 5-3 is an open limit nut with pin, 531 is a pin, 532 It is the pin hole on the nut that can pass through the pin. In Figure 18, 5-4 is the open limit nut, 541 is the pin, and 542 is the pin hole on the nut that can pass through the pin; in Figure 18-1, 5-5 It is a limit sleeve that can be opened and closed, 551 arc arm connecting hole, 552 arc arm connecting pin, 553 arc arm connecting shaft, 554 steel arc arm. At least two sections of steel arc arms are prepared, and the limit sleeve can be opened into the spindle rod and then fixed on the spindle rod.

Figure 19 shows the integration of the pressure-bearing plate at the bottom of the reinforcement cage and the anchor nut, which can replace the limiting nut/device in Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 18-1, to achieve the fixed position of the reinforcement cage At the pole design position;

20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pouch 36 plus a single-piece steel cage 15-1 with a rhombus (lantern-shaped) longitudinal section;

FIG. 21 is a structural diagram of the bladder 36 plus a double-piece steel cage 15-1 with a rhombus (lantern-shaped) longitudinal section;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pocket 36 plus the three-part steel cage 15-1 with a rhombus (lantern-shaped) longitudinal section;

Double-body and three-body steel cages with a rhombic (lantern-shaped) longitudinal section are a single-piece structure in series; Figure 32 will describe in detail the structure of the rhombic (lantern-shaped) steel cage 15-1 in the axial section. The rod 3 has two flexible mechanisms 9, which have the same number of expansion ribs 9-3-1 (generally 4-16, especially 6-8, when the diameter of the steel cage is large, they are distributed in There should be more ribs around the axial rod, these ribs replace the vertical ribs). One end of the expansion rib 9-3-1 is flexibly fixed on the tray 9-2, and the other ends of the expansion ribs 9-3-1 of the two movable mechanisms are connected to each other to form an movable joint 9-9. The figure shows the schematic structure of the pouch, but it is completely feasible without the pouch.

Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the steel cage structure composed of simple coil springs;

Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reinforced cage composed of a simple coil spring (with a pocket);

Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the steel cage structure composed of simple coil springs, after Figure 23 is released;

Figure 26 is a reinforced cage made of a simple coil spring with a pocket. After Figure 24 is released, Figure 23 and Figure 24 are in the unreleased state, Figure 25 and Figure 26 are the released state, and Figure 24 is released into Figure 26. With a pocket 36.

Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the basic unit structure of a simple steel cage structure composed of vertical bars 6, power springs 7 and an active mechanism 9;

Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Figure 27 with a pouch added;

Fig. 29 is the addition of a bladder bag on the basis of Fig. 27 in Fig. 28, and Fig. 29 is a guide cap added on the basis of Fig. 28.

Fig. 30 is the steel cage structure of Fig. 27 with coarse grid mesh.

Figure 31 shows the structure of the rhombic (or lantern-shaped) steel cage 15-1 in the longitudinal section of the present invention with the bag not opened;

Fig. 32 shows the structure of the rhombic (or lantern-shaped) reinforcement cage 15-1 in the longitudinal section of the present invention with the bag open. (Refer to the description in Figure 20-22).

Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the pile rod and pile foundation (open the reinforced steel cage) of the enlarged head reinforced cage anchor pile;

Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pile rod of the enlarged head reinforcement cage anchor pile (above the enlarged head reinforcement cage);

Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pile rod of the enlarged head reinforcement cage anchor pile (above the enlarged head reinforcement cage);

Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pile rod of the enlarged head reinforcement cage anchor pile (above the enlarged head reinforcement cage);

Fig. 37 is a schematic structural view of the pile position (above the enlarged head reinforcement cage) of the enlarged head reinforcement cage anchor pile. In Figure 34, 41-1 is a pile with three (multiple) reinforced steel bars; in Figure 35, 41-2 is a non-reducing steel cage pile; Figure 36, 41-3 is a steel lattice pile; Figure 37, 41- 4 is precast pile.

Fig. 38 is a perspective structural diagram of a steel cage with a sheath 32 (with a tip sheath 35);

Fig. 39 is an appearance view of Fig. 38; a structural schematic diagram of the steel cage with a sheath 32 (with a guide sleeve or a tip sheath 35), the spring 7 is a spring sleeved on the axial rod, and the steel bar when the spring 7 is compressed The cage is retracted, and when the spring 7 is released, the active mechanism 9 is pushed out, and the ribs of the active mechanism until the umbrella ribs function to open the steel cage; 33 is a restraining pin and 32 is a restraining rope, which restrains the steel cage to a small diameter state.

Figure 40 and Figure 41 are the expanded schematic diagrams of the sheath 34, Figure 40 is a two-piece type, and Figure 41 is a three-piece type, enclosed in a circle, with a rope hole between the pieces, connected by a rope; external restraint rope 32 constraint, the sheath is used to protect the steel cage before release. 34 is a sheath and 35 is a tip sheath.

Figure 42 and Figure 43 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the activating mechanism. As shown in Figures 42, 43, the activating mechanism 9 includes a snare 9-1, the same number of ribs 9-3 as the vertical ribs; one end hole of the rib 9-3 It is movably connected to the snare 9-1 through the pin 9-4, and the other end of the rib 9-3 is flexibly connected (via the pin 9-5) to the vertical rib 6; at least there are two flexible mechanisms sleeved on the main shaft or shaft At least one of the rods can slide in the axial direction. The sliding power comes from the force of releasing the steel cage (larger diameter). The snare 9-1 can be deformed into the structure of a tray 9-2;

Install the pin shaft 3-1, the pin shaft bracket (the U-shaped fixed bracket passes through) 3-2, the steel tray 9-3 is provided with a number of notches 9-6 corresponding to the number of ribs 9-3 and a ring-shaped hoop line 9- 7. One end hole of the rib 9-3 and the other end of the rib 9-3 are respectively connected with the pin 9-5 and the vertical rib 6, and the vertical rib is directly provided with a hole for the pin shaft to pass through or to weld a plate with a hole. 40 is the connector axial rod and upper end pile skeleton, 41 is the upper end pile. 41-1 are three (multiple) reinforced steel piles, 41-2 non-reducing steel cages, 41-3 steel lattice piles, and 41-4 precast piles. The axial rod is also called the main rod, and can be a non-porous axial rod or a bored axial rod (called a flower rod).

Figure 44 is a perspective view of the structure of the steel cage with a sheath 32;

Figure 45 is the appearance view of Figure 44, also with a sheath. The power spring 7 is a spring sleeved on the axial rod. When the power spring 7 is compressed, the steel cage is folded, and when the power spring 7 is released, the active mechanism 9 is opened. The ribs until the umbrella ribs are used to open the reinforcement cage; 31 is the rope of the restraining pin, 33 is the restraining pin, and 32 is the restraining rope to restrain the steel cage. The restraining pin 31 and the restraining rope 32 can be connected In a rope, the drawstring head of the restraint pin is tied to the restraint pin 33, and the restraint pin is inserted into a hole on the disc of the active mechanism. When the restraint pin pulls off, the restraint rope is loosened. Cage release.

Figure 46 is an expanded view of the sheath 34 without a tip.

Fig. 47 and Fig. 48 are schematic diagrams of the folded structure of the reinforcing steel cage with the pointed sheath 34. Figure 47 is a perspective structural schematic diagram; Figure 48 is an external view of Figure 47;

Figure 49 and Figure 50 are the steel cage structure with only vertical bars and two active mechanisms 9, and Figure 50 is the steel cage structure of Figure 49 with grid mesh;

Figure 51 and Figure 52 are the flexible mechanism of the axial rod and the outer tube, and the variable diameter steel cage released by external force;

Figure 53-1, Figure 53-2, Figure 53-3, Figure 53-4, Figure 53-5, Figure 53-6, Figure 53-7, Figure 53-8 are options for variable diameter steel cages Schematic diagram of the active organization structure;

Figure 54-1 (power spring), Figure 54-2 (outer spring and integrated with stirrups), Figure 54-3 (power spring sheet), Figure 54-4 (power airbag, the reinforcement cage is released after the airbag is inflated or exploded) , Figure 54-5 (counterweight), Figure 54-6 (the telescopic rod and external force, the telescopic rod stretches the rib under the action of the external force), Figure 54-7 (electronic remote control, control an electromagnetic switch to open the stirrup); above They are all optional deployment power devices in the variable diameter steel cage steel cage, but not limited to the above;

Figure 55-1 (Axial rod without holes, draw three types), Figure 55-2 (Axial rod with holes, also known as flower rods, draw five types), Figure 55-3 (Axial rods with steel frame , Draw four types), Figure 55-4 (reinforced wire mesh axial rod, draw two types), Figure 55-5 (axial rod plus outer tube, draw four types), all are variable diameter steel cages Alternative forms of axial rods in the cage, but not limited to the above.

Detailed ways

As shown in the figure, Figure 1 and Figure 2 are connected as a whole structure; Figure 2 is the structure of variable diameter steel cage restraint not opened; Figure 1 is the piled state of the variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system. Centering bracket 1, reinforcement connector (connection nut) 2, anchor rod member 3, enlarged head reinforced cage combined concrete or mortar body (concrete body) 4, stopper 5, vertical reinforcement 6, power spring 7, fixed The device 8, the active mechanism (circular flower piece or ring-shaped fixer) 9, the spiral stirrup 10, the axial rod (sleeve) 11, the pressure plate 12, the high-strength nut 13, and the guide cap 14. The limit nut in the limiter 5 can be of an open type or a closed type, etc., please refer to the applicant's prior patent application. In particular, the limit nut can be open. 15 is the constrained steel cage, 30 is the grouting pipe, 31 is the draw rope of the restraint pin, 33 is the restraint pin, and 32 is the restraint rope, constraining the steel cage to a small diameter state. 34 is the sheath. 35 is the tip sheath. The pocket 36 plus the single-piece longitudinal section is a rhombus (lantern-shaped) steel cage 15-1; the column spring-type steel cage 15-2 (the left is contracted and the right is released); counterweight 37, metal mesh 38, 9 -8 is a U-shaped piece, which wraps the fixed vertical ribs, and is provided with a pin (instructions of the active mechanism 9); the longitudinal section is a rhombus (lantern-shaped) steel cage 15-1, which is sleeved on the axial rod 3. Two flexible mechanisms 9, with the same number of expansion ribs 9-3-1 (generally 4-16, especially 6-8) that can expand the reinforcement cage. When the diameter of the reinforcement cage is large, they are distributed around the axial rod The ribs should be more, these ribs replace the vertical ribs). One end of the extension rib 9-3-1 is flexibly fixed on the tray 9-2, and the other ends of the extension ribs 9-3-1 of the two flexible mechanisms are connected to each other to form an active joint 9-9. 30-1 is the note Pulp mouth. The power spring is a tension spring 7-1 in this example. When the stress spring is stretched, the steel cage is in a contracted state, and when released, the spring is contracted to a normal stress-free state.

The guide cap 14 is made of plastic or thin metal skin to wrap the lower end of the enlarged head reinforcement cage (the reinforcement cage is in a tightened state). The lower end of the sleeve is in the shape of a truncated cone, and the upper end is cylindrical to connect the pressure plate 12, the main The rod ends are wrapped to facilitate the unimpeded lowering of the steel cage after the hole is formed. In particular, the wrapping part can be provided with a frustum shape.

In Figure 3-6, the fixing layer at the upper end of the axial rod adopts a three-piece high-strength nut anchoring form, a three-way high-strength nut or flange anchoring structure. Concrete cushion 15, cable-stayed steel bar 28, steel bar 16, water-stop rubber strip 17, spiral spring 27, concrete bottom plate 18, flange nut 19, tee nut 20, steel backing plate 22, nut 21. As shown in Figure 1, an anchor rod, after pre-applied and locked (high-strength) steel bars, it is wrapped with concrete or cement mortar, cement mortar or other curable materials, concrete, cement mortar, cement mortar Or other curable materials are solidified to form anchor rods. The reinforcement in the anchor rod usually includes but is not limited to/or does not choose to configure steel cages, stirrups, steel sleeves, steel wire mesh cages, pressure plates, pressure flange nuts or other rib reinforcement materials.

In Figure 1-2, it is a combination of an anchor rod and a short pile with an enlarged head of a variable diameter steel cage skeleton. Including enlarged head variable diameter reinforcement cage 15, prestressed tie rod connector (connection nut) 2, prestressed tie rod 3; stopper 5 is a limit nut, which can be open or closed structure, and the shaft in the enlarged head reinforcement cage The position of the anchor is limited by the limit nut on the main reinforcement; the prestressed tie rods generally use high-strength finish-rolled spiral steel bars, or other such as prefabricated prestressed rods, a number of ordinary rebars, or combined with traditional prefabricated piles, steel piles, and rebar connection The anchor is used for the length connection of the ends of the finish-rolled spiral steel bars; the anchoring method of the upper end of the prestressed tie rod selects three-piece high-strength nut anchoring, three-way high-strength nut, special high-strength flange anchoring structure or other traditional anchoring methods. Cement paste or mortar body (concrete body) 4 Casting enlarged head reinforcement cage 15, Rebar connector (connecting nut, with a considerable length to ensure the strength of the connection) 2 Used to connect the main reinforcement of the finished threaded main reinforcement, that is, the axial rod 3 to any length.

Variable diameter reinforced cage enlarged head anchor rod pile system, including enlarged head reinforced cage 15, reinforcement connector (connecting nut) 2, main reinforcement, namely axial rod member 3; limiter 5 is a limit nut, and the limit nut can be For open or closed structures, the shaft holder in the enlarged head reinforcement cage is defined by the limit nut on the main reinforcement; the axial rod adopts the finish-rolled spiral steel bar, and the steel connector is used for the end of the finish-rolled spiral steel bar. Length connection. The fixing layer at the upper end of the anchor rod adopts three-piece high-strength nut anchoring form, three-way high-strength nut or flange anchoring structure, all of which adopt high-strength nut 13.

The number of main bars in the anchor rod is one or more, but generally no more than 15 (otherwise it becomes a concrete pile). The specifications, performance, strength and diameter of the steel bars can be determined according to the design requirements; The length of the rod, the shape and area of the cross-section are set according to the specific engineering technical requirements; when the length of the rod is required to be too long in the project, a nut connector or other method can be used to connect two or two More than one anchor rod is connected to achieve the required length

The materials used for the main reinforcement of the anchor rod and the reducing steel cage, including but not limited to: steel, steel, steel strand, steel wire rope, glass fiber, resin, glass fiber reinforced resin, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, graphene, carbon Element-related materials and their composite materials, macromolecules, macromolecular polymer materials, nanomaterials, metallic materials and non-metallic materials, etc.

The three-dimensional geometric forms of the reduced diameter steel bar cage include but are not limited to: cube, polyhedron, regular polyhedron, tetrahedron, cuboid, cylinder, truncated cone, prism, pyramid, cone, pyramid, bamboo joint, string, convex and concave, It can be solid or hollow; the shape of the plane cross-section includes but is not limited to: square, rectangle, triangle, quadrilateral, rhombus, trapezoid, polygon, circle, ellipse, ring, sector, arc; anchor rod The pieces can be solid or hollow in cross section.

When connecting anchor rods with variable diameter steel cages, fixed diameter steel cages, pockets or other anchor heads, take the lower end of the anchor rods and reserve them for the variable diameter steel cages, fixed diameter steel cages, pockets or other anchor heads. The length of other anchor heads is suitable for the steel bar. Connect the anchor plate at the bottom of the anchor head. You can also leave an appropriate length of the steel bar and connect it with the top of the finished anchor head by connecting nuts; or by improving the rod and anchor head, Anchor rods and variable-diameter steel cages, fixed-diameter steel cages, pockets or other anchor heads form an organic whole to transmit stress.

Explosive expansion is also a way to expand the active mechanism (spline) of the rigid ribs. The bolt steel rope is pulled apart, and the spring is sleeved on the main rod shaft to release the compression spring. It is the main form of the present invention. After release, the active mechanism is pushed After the disc moves, the vertical ribs are opened, and steel pipes can be sleeved on the axial rods.

In Figure 6, 30 is a welded water-stop steel plate, and 30-1 is a bent steel bar, which is supported on the anti-floating bottom plate. In Figure 7-11, the centering bracket refers to the sinking of the steel cage is a device to protect the steel cage and the axial rod when it is inside the prefabricated hole. It is sleeved on the axial rod 3 or may be sleeved on the prestressed rod such as 3-1. Pieces. The centering bracket is a volume, especially an injection-molded cavity. It can also be made of foamed polymer materials. The shape is not limited. There is a hole in the center, which can pass through one (Figure 9-11) or multiple (Figure 9-11) 7-8 are three axial rods) Axial rod. After the volume block passes through the axial rod, the maximum diameter of the volume block perpendicular to the axial rod is slightly smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole. This drilled hole is used for sinking unreleased steel bars. The cage has the function of supporting the wall of the borehole by the centering bracket.

In Figure 15, 5-1 is an open limit nut, Figure 16 in 5-2 is a closed limit nut, in Figure 17, 5-3 is an open limit nut with pin, 531 is a pin, 532 is The nut can pass through the pin hole of the pin. In Figure 18, 5-4 is the open limit nut, 541 is the pin, and 542 is the pin hole on the nut that can pass through the pin; in Figure 18-1, 5-5 is Openable and closable limit sleeve, 551 arc arm connecting hole, 552 arc arm connecting pin, 553 arc arm connecting shaft, 554 steel arc arm. At least two sections of steel arc arms are prepared, and the limit sleeve can be opened into the spindle rod and then fixed on the spindle rod.

Figure 19 shows the integration of the pressure-bearing plate at the bottom of the reinforcement cage and the anchor nut, which can replace the limiting nut/device in Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 18-1, to achieve the fixed position of the reinforcement cage The pole design position.

Figure 20-22 and Figure 32 describe the structure of the rhombic (lantern-shaped) steel cage 15-1 in longitudinal section. There are two movable mechanisms 9 sleeved on the axial rod 3, which have the same number of expansions that can expand the steel cage. Ribs 9-3-1 (generally 4-16, especially 6-8, when the diameter of the reinforcement cage is large, there are more ribs distributed around the axial rod, and these ribs replace the vertical ribs). One end of the expansion rib 9-3-1 is flexibly fixed on the tray 9-2, and the other ends of the expansion ribs 9-3-1 of the two movable mechanisms are connected to each other to form an movable joint 9-9. The figure shows the schematic structure of the pouch, but it is completely feasible without the pouch.

In Figure 33, 40 is the connection structure between the bottom pile and the upper pole pile of the enlarged head reinforcement cage skeleton. When connecting, the skeleton can be connected to the spiral steel sleeve (with a considerable length, with internal threads to connect the axial rod to the designed length) or welding. In Figure 38-39, the steel cage is folded when the power spring 7 is compressed, and when the power spring 7 is released, the movable mechanism 9 is pushed out, and the ribs of the movable mechanism until the umbrella ribs are used to open the steel cage; 33 is the restraint pin and 32 is the restraint The rope constrains the steel cage to a small diameter state. Figure 40 is a two-piece type, and Figure 41 is a three-piece type, surrounded in a circle, with rope holes between the plates and connected by a rope; the external restraint rope 32 is used for restraint, and the sheath is used to protect the steel cage before release. 34 is a sheath and 35 is a tip sheath.

As shown in Figures 42 and 43, the activating mechanism 9 includes a snare 9-1, the same number of ribs 9-3 as the vertical ribs; one end of the rib 9-3 is movably connected to the snare 9 through a pin 9-4 -1, the other end of the rib 9-3 is flexibly connected (via the pin 9-5) to the vertical rib 6; at least two activating mechanisms are sleeved on the main shaft or axial rod, of which at least one can be in the axial direction The sliding of the rod, the power of sliding comes from the force of releasing the steel cage (larger diameter), the snare 9-1 can be deformed into the structure of a tray 9-2;

In Figures 44-45, there is also a sheath. The power spring 7 is a spring sleeved on the axial rod. When the power spring 7 is compressed, the steel cage is retracted, and when the power spring 7 is released, the movable mechanism 9 is opened. The ribs of the movable mechanism Until the role of the umbrella ribs, the reinforcement cage is opened; 31 is the draw rope of the restraining pin, 33 is the restraining pin, and 32 is the restraining rope to restrain the steel cage. The restraining pin 31 and the restraining rope 32 can be connected together. The rope head of the restraining pin is tied to the restraining pin 33, and the restraining pin is inserted into a hole on the disc of the active mechanism. When the pulling rope of the restraining pin is pulled out, the restraining rope is released and the steel cage is released.

Figure 51 and Figure 52 are the flexible mechanism of the axial rod and the outer sleeve, and the variable diameter steel cage released and opened by the external force.

Figure 53-1, Figure 53-2, Figure 53-3, Figure 53-4, Figure 53-5, Figure 53-6, Figure 53-7, Figure 53-8 are generally common in the variable diameter steel cage steel cage Alternative active agencies;

Figure 54-1, Figure 54-2, Figure 54-3, Figure 54-4, Figure 54-5, Figure 54-6, Figure 54-7 are common alternative deployments in the variable diameter steel cage steel cage powerplant;

Figure 55-1, Figure 55-2, Figure 55-3, Figure 55-4, Figure 55-5 are generally common alternative forms of axial rods in variable diameter steel cages.

The application of the pre-tensioned anchor rod of the present invention includes but not limited to anti-floating and tensile, roads, mining, tunnels and bridges, foundation pits and mountain slope protection, high-voltage power transmission tower reinforcement, rivers, lakes and seas Dam reinforcement, geological disaster treatment; also used in compression engineering and other fields. It can be used as a compression pile according to the needs of the engineering design. The invention overcomes the anti-floating straight-through or enlarged head anchor rod.

The outer periphery of several vertical bars of the variable-diameter steel cage is provided with flexible connection elastic stirrups; the variable-diameter steel cage is released by releasing the elastic stirrups.

The outer circumferential stirrups of the variable-diameter steel cage can be grid-like, and the outer circumference can be wrapped, equipped with a bag, protective cover, guide centering bracket, or installed with a pulley (plate).

The number of anchor rods is 1 or several high-strength rebars (or ordinary rebars); or further short piles with variable diameter rebar cage expansion heads and traditional cast-in-place piles, precast piles, steel piles, and bamboo joints The piles, etc. are combined to form a pile with composite functions that can resist both compression and compression.

The various components of the steel frame in the variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system are assembled; when the anchor rod is connected with the variable diameter steel cage, the fixed diameter steel cage, the pocket or other anchor heads, the The lower end of the anchor rod is reserved for the length of the variable-diameter steel cage, the fixed-diameter steel cage, the pocket or other anchor heads. The bottom part of the anchor head is connected with the anchor plate, or appropriate steel is reserved The length is connected with the top of the finished anchor rod head with an adapter nut; or through the improvement of the rod and the anchor head, the anchor rod and the variable diameter steel cage, the fixed diameter steel cage and the pocket become an organic whole.

A grouting pipe can be set in the variable diameter steel cage according to needs, or a grouting pipe can be externally installed, and the enlarged head anchor rod pile skeleton system of the variable diameter steel cage is wrapped with concrete, cement slurry or cement mortar and condensed to form a pile.

Through scientific methods, the whole process and main node dynamics and traceability testing can be carried out for its underground existence status, engineering safety performance, quality status, etc., to ensure the safety and stability of the pile foundation.

① Excavate the upper end of the pile rod, namely the surrounding base of the top of the anchor rod, and clean the floating slurry; and apply water-swelling water-stop rubber strip around the top of the anchor rod;

②Pour a concrete cushion on the surrounding base of the top of the anchor rod;

③Flange nuts are used to fix the threaded steel bars up to the bottom of the upper rebar of the bottom plate (without nuts), no need to apply; and the foundation bottom plate with steel bars is poured on the base.

④ If the prefabricated component is multiple steel bars, use the corresponding number of steel plates with holes as anchor plates, screw on nuts to fix them, and then pour the bottom plate concrete.

The pressure-bearing straight-through or variable-diameter steel cage expansion bolt construction method, the pressure-bearing straight-through or variable-diameter steel cage expansion bolt anchoring section soil creep deformation control method, in the expansion head part of the high-pressure grouting Or pouring concrete construction, after the strength reaches the design requirements, apply external force to the anchor rod as a whole to squeeze the soil at the top of the enlarged head, thereby reducing the anchor rod members and soil creep under the working state of the anchor rod Deformed.

Applied size: according to the anti-floating calculation of the basement, the calculated floating head is magnified by 1.05 times; the safety factor of the anti-floating calculation anchor rod is K=2.0; therefore, the applied value of the anchor rod is less than the characteristic value of the anchor rod and greater than the normal water level The required buoyancy resistance of the anchor rod is considered to be 50% of the characteristic value of the bearing capacity.

In the preparation of anchor members, different diameters have different applied (different elongation, different relative elongation coefficient).

Refer to the applicant’s earlier application for a reducing steel cage, including axial rods, several vertical bars, two groups of several bars, the first and second two ring-shaped fixers, the first and second two ring-shaped fixation The device slides on the axial rod, the first and second two ring-shaped retainers each fix a group of ribs with the same number of vertical ribs, and each vertical rib has a first group and a second group at the upper and lower positions. One of the ribs is flexibly connected to this vertical rib, several vertical ribs surround the axial rod, and at least one ring-shaped fixator is provided with a positioning device on the axial rod; the vertical ribs are provided with stirrups, and the There are fixed points with vertical bars or axial rods, and the stirrups are rope-shaped; the axial rods are equipped with axial springs, and are restricted by stoppers, stop bars or restraint ropes and restraint pins; ring hoop When the ribs are constrained and tightened, they are in an unused state (used to be placed in a hole), and the ends of the stirrups are provided with a release device. The stirrup may also be in the shape of a coil spring. Stirrup materials: glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, graphene, carbon-related materials and their composite materials, etc.

The stirrup is a ring-shaped stirrup or a plurality of ropes wound around the vertical ribs. When the ring-shaped stirrup is not in use, the axial spring on the axial rod is a compression spring or a tension spring. When the compression spring is released, it stretches, and when the tension spring is released, it contracts.

Compression spring or tension spring limit device is a limiter, limit slat or restraint rope, and restraint pin; when the ring stirrup is opened, the constraint is opened, and the axial spring is the original stress state of the compression spring or tension spring. And it is restricted by the limiter, the limit slat or the restraint rope, and the restraint pin; that is, the surrounding vertical ribs are opened horizontally and laterally: Compared with the opening method of the automatic umbrella in the spindle limiter, the structure is simpler and used, and the ring stirrup adopts Either a soft steel rope or a harder spring can be used as a component of the steel cage.

The three-dimensional geometric forms of vertical ribs and spiral stirrups include: cube cuboid cylindrical truncated prism prism conical pyramid, etc.; the shape of the plane cross section is: square rectangle triangle quadrilateral parallelogram rhombic trapezoid circular sector arc ring, etc.; vertical ribs, spiral hoop The specification, model, shape, quantity, size, material of the ribs, and various parameters are adjusted according to the geological conditions of different projects; the way the ribs and the vertical ribs are actively connected: the ring-shaped fixer is respectively through the pin 3-1 and the pin bracket (U-shaped fixing bracket) 3-2 Connect the ribs to the vertical ribs. The number of vertical ribs does not need to be many, generally 5-12.

Reducing steel cage: the diameter of the ring or ring plate is equivalent to or slightly smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole; the ribs can be straight or curved. The ring-shaped fixtures of the variable-diameter steel cage can all have an annular ring as the basic structure and slide on the axial rod.

When the ribs are elastic ribs, the ring-shaped stirrups enclose the inner circumferential ribs at the vertical ribs. The vertical reinforcement and the stirrup are synchronously expanded and tightly attached at the expansion end to form a reinforcement cage. There are many types of elastic hoop and release structures for stirrups. For example, the structure where the ends of the stirrups are prepared as shaft pins or shaft holes is the most common. When the shaft pin is inserted into a fixed hole, when the shaft hole is used, there is another pin for fixing the stirrup. unit. And it needs to be easy to release, that is, the variable diameter steel cage is opened in the expansion hole.

When the ribs are elastic ribs, the ribs contract under stress and the range of motion is restricted by the stirrups. After the stirrups are released, the ribs will open after the stress is released and the vertical ribs will be opened. The ring-shaped holder of the structure is fixed on the rod, and there is no need for the holder to slide on the rod.

After the ring stirrup is released, the diameter changes, and the diameter is expanded to the original relaxed state of the ring stirrup, that is, after the smaller diameter ring stirrup is released to the enlarged end of the anchor rod, the diameter of the ring stirrup is enlarged to the design requirements (such as typical One is expanded from less than 200mm in diameter to -400mm).

The preparation method of the variable diameter steel cage: 3D printing molding, injection molding, manual mechanical assembly welding and other methods. The outer circumference of the vertical reinforcement is provided with a ring-shaped stirrup, which has a fixed point with the vertical reinforcement, and is a ring-shaped stirrup of elastic material; the ring-shaped stirrup is in an unused state, and the end of the stirrup is There is a release device; the ring stirrups can be coil springs or ordinary steel wire ropes or carbon fiber ropes.

The structure of the release device is: the end of the stirrup is prepared into a shaft pin or a shaft hole structure, when the end of the stirrup is a shaft pin, a fixed hole is inserted, and when the end of the stirrup is a shaft hole, there is another pin shaft Fix the ends of the stirrups.

The variable diameter steel cage is equipped with restraint and release devices. The restraint methods including but not limited to restraint ropes, restraint locks, restraint pins, restraint covers are used to reduce the diameter of the steel cage in a restrained state, including but not limited to release springs, spring sheets, Elastic ball, airbag, counterweight, rotation, axial rod expansion, axial expansion and contraction of the sleeve, application of external force, electric, electronic remote control and other methods to expand and release, so that the diameter of the steel cage can be changed.

The axial rods and sleeves expand and contract, and the discs or flower pieces and the active mechanism arranged on the sleeves release and expand the diameter of the steel cage by means of gravity or external power.

The rib is a spring is a choice, or it can be a spring steel sheet, which is stressed after being folded and deformed. Under the restraint of the stirrup, the entire bunch of vertical ribs are retracted. After the stirrup is released, the spring steel sheet is folded and deformed. Release the vertical ribs; instead of the spring steel sheets, elastic rods of various materials can be used, including rubber rods, carbon fiber elastic rods, etc., see the applicant’s earlier application.

In the pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage expansion anchor rod of the present invention, the variable-diameter steel cage is deployed and released when placed in the expansion section, grouting or concrete is injected into the variable-diameter steel cage to become an anchor rod, and the variable-diameter steel cage becomes an anchor rod Skeleton.

The construction method of the present invention is applied: the jet grouting pile machine is drilled to the design depth → high pressure jet grouting construction or mechanical reaming construction → lowering the anchor head → opening the expansion mechanism in the anchor head, opening the steel cage to the design size → high pressure grouting or pouring Concrete.

Reduced-diameter steel cage; ordinary steel bars are specially processed to become elastic steel bars; the processed elastic steel bars are processed into reduced-diameter stirrups (the entire vertical bar or bar is hooped by tight winding or tightening); that is, The entire vertical bar or bar is hooped by tightly winding or tightening. The outer circumference of the vertical bar is provided with a ring-shaped stirrup, and the ring-shaped stirrup is provided with a fixed point with the vertical bar (wire bundling is most commonly used).

In a typical finished product: steel cage stirrup diameter ≤ 200mm (parameters related to the actual drilled hole, different drill holes can have different specifications of the steel cage (stirrup)), placed after the anchor rod expansion section, open The restraint mechanism in the steel cage, the diameter of the stirrups can reach about 400mm; the size of the variable-diameter steel cage when restrained, the size after deployment, and the height of the steel cage can be determined according to the needs of the project.

Under the action of the mechanism, the vertical ribs or ribs are unfolded and tightly attached to the stirrups until they cannot be deployed; at the bottom of the expanded section, that is, the bottom of the anchor rod, use an anchor pad (an anchor pad is a ring plate) to connect the rod body of the anchor rod to the enlarged head. connection.

The above are only the embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention. .

Claims

A fully assembled pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system, which is characterized by including variable-diameter steel cages, the variable-diameter steel cages are equipped with restraint and release devices; anchor rods; steel connectors and limiters The device is a limit nut, the limit nut is an open or closed structure, the variable diameter steel cage and the axial rod in the enlarged head are fixed on the anchor rod by the limit nut; the variable diameter steel cage, the anchor rod, The rebar connector constitutes a variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile skeleton system; the anchor rod adopts fine-rolled rebar, steel strand, and prestressed tie rod, and the rebar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod; The top and the bottom of the building are anchored, the bottom of the anchor rod and the enlarged head steel cage are locked and anchored; the enlarged head variable diameter steel cage, anchor rods, anchors are combined with concrete, cement mortar or cement slurry crystals , So as to form a variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile pile system; the variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile framework system is fully assembled.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to claim 1, wherein the fixing layer at the upper end of the axial rod adopts a three-piece high-strength nut anchoring form, a three-way high-strength nut or flange anchoring structure or other traditional Anchorage method. Flange nut and tic-shaped steel mesh combination structure or other traditional anchoring methods are used to anchor the bottom plate, purlin and beam
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to claim 1, wherein the enlarged-head steel cage, that is, the variable-diameter steel cage includes the main steel reinforcement and the configuration of the steel reinforcement material, that is, the axial rod or the main reinforcement, the round Ring or ring plate and several vertical ribs, stirrups, several ribs, ring-shaped retainers, ring or ring plate, the pressure-bearing bottom plate is perpendicular to the axial rod, and one end of the several vertical ribs is evenly fixed on the ring or ring plate , The other end or middle of each vertical rib is connected to one end of a rib, a number of vertical ribs surround the axial rod, the other end of the rib is connected to the ring-shaped fixer, and the ring-shaped fixer is fixed on the axial rod. Or sliding; using releasable springs to change the diameter of the steel cage.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer periphery of several vertical bars of the enlarged-head steel cage is provided with flexible connected elastic stirrups; the variable diameter steel bar is released by releasing the elastic stirrups The cage, the axial rod, that is, the main reinforcement of the steel bar and the reinforcement material of the configuration steel are wrapped and condensed by concrete or cement sand.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the outer periphery of the variable-diameter steel cage is wrapped with a pocket. The outer circumference can be wrapped, equipped with a bag, a protective cover, a guide centering bracket, or a pulley (plate) can be added.
The variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the front end of the anchor rod is provided with a variable diameter steel cage, a fixed diameter steel cage, and a pocket Or other anchor heads to connect or compound devices to form an anchor pile application system.
The variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the number of anchor rods is one or several fine-rolled high-strength rebars or ordinary rebars or steel Stranded wire; or further short piles with variable diameter reinforced cage expansion heads are combined with traditional cast-in-place piles, precast piles, steel piles, bamboo piles, etc. to form a pile with composite functions that can resist both squashing and compression.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the various components of the steel skeleton in the variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system are assembled; When connecting rods with variable-diameter steel cages, fixed-diameter steel cages, pockets or other anchor heads, take the lower end of the anchor rods and reserve them for the variable-diameter steel cages, fixed-diameter steel cages, pockets or other anchors. The length of the anchor head is suitable for the steel bar, and the anchor head is connected to the anchor plate at the bottom of the anchor head, or the appropriate length of the steel bar is reserved, and the top of the finished anchor head is connected with a coupling nut; or by improving the rod and the anchor head, The anchor rod and the variable-diameter steel cage, the fixed-diameter steel cage and the pocket become an organic whole.
According to the variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1-4, the fixing layer at the top of the anchor rod and the upper end of the tie rod adopts three-piece high-strength nut anchoring form, three-way high-strength nut or method The flange anchoring structure adopts high-strength nuts; the top of the basic structure anchor rod is fixed by the flange nut covering the anchor rod member, or by the anchor plate and fixed with the nut, or the anchor plate and the fixed nut are integrated, and the foundation bottom plate is connected; the anchor rod The universal nut at the bottom of the piece is anchored with the pressure-bearing plate, or the pressure-bearing plate and the fixed nut are integrated to form a steel frame system of variable-diameter steel cage anchor piles.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer circumferential stirrup of the variable-diameter steel cage is grid-shaped, and the outer circumference can be wrapped or provided with a pocket, a protective cover, Guide cap, guide centering bracket, or add pulley (plate); install grouting pipe in variable diameter steel cage or external grouting pipe according to need; variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor rod pile skeleton system is fully assembled According to the needs of the project, the method of "cage in cage" or "cage in series" can be selected. The skeleton system of the anchor pile with the enlarged head of the variable-diameter reinforced cage is wrapped with concrete, cement slurry or cement mortar and condensed to form a pile.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the enlarged-head steel cage, that is, the variable-diameter steel cage includes a main steel bar and a stirrup, and the stirrup can be elastic or It is flexible; and other reinforcement materials equipped with steel cages, including axial rods, circular flower pieces or ring-shaped fixtures, and several vertical ribs, several ribs, the pressure-bearing bottom plate is perpendicular to the axial rod, and several vertical ribs surround Axial rods, a number of vertical ribs are evenly restrained and fixed on the edge of the pressure-bearing bottom plate around the ring-shaped fixture or the ring-shaped fixture. The other end or middle of each vertical rib is actively connected to one end of a rib. The other end is flexibly connected to the ring-shaped retainer or ring flower, which is fixed or slid on the axial rod to form an active mechanism of the steel cage; the variable-diameter steel cage is equipped with restraint and The release device is selected to use restraint methods including but not limited to restraint rope, restraint lock, restraint pin, restraint cover, electronic lock, etc. to make the diameter of the steel cage in a reduced restraint state. The choices include but not limited to release spring, spring leaf, elastic ball, Elastomers (such as cowhide tendons, etc.), airbags, counterweights, rotation, axial rod expansion and contraction, axial rod expansion and contraction with sleeves, application of external force, electric, electronic remote control, etc. are deployed and released; it can also be simplified and selected The method of arranging, replacing, and optimizing the combination of the active mechanism, restraint and release device to make the diameter of the steel cage variable; according to the needs of the project, you can choose to set different materials, specifications, shapes, structures, quantities, and sizes of the reinforcement of the variable diameter steel cage The size and variable diameter steel cage can form a variety of three-dimensional geometric shapes with different characteristics, including but not limited to, such as cylinder, cone, sphere, cube, cuboid, bamboo joint, polyhedron, multi-section, etc.
The variable-diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor pile system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it can be used through 5G, Internet, blockchain, big data, two-dimensional code, three-dimensional code and other scientific technologies and In this way, the status of underground existence, engineering safety performance, quality status, etc., can be dynamically and traceably identified and detected throughout the entire process and main nodes to ensure the safety and stability of the pile foundation.