WO2020238281A1 - 电卡辅助内冷织构车刀及纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统 - Google Patents

电卡辅助内冷织构车刀及纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238281A1
WO2020238281A1 PCT/CN2020/074387 CN2020074387W WO2020238281A1 WO 2020238281 A1 WO2020238281 A1 WO 2020238281A1 CN 2020074387 W CN2020074387 W CN 2020074387W WO 2020238281 A1 WO2020238281 A1 WO 2020238281A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turning tool
tool
cooling
texture
iii
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/074387
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李长河
王晓铭
罗亮
曹华军
卢秉恒
李润泽
张彦彬
罗慧明
刁玉臣
徐海州
贾东洲
杨敏
侯亚丽
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Qingdao University of Technology, Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd filed Critical Qingdao University of Technology
Publication of WO2020238281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238281A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/06207A priority Critical patent/ZA202106207B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/10—Cutting tools with special provision for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1644—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane and at the same time upon the wall of a hole in the cutting insert
    • B23B27/1651—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane and at the same time upon the wall of a hole in the cutting insert characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1666—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on chip-forming plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
    • B23Q11/1046—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using a minimal quantity of lubricant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
    • B23Q11/1053—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using the cutting liquid at specially selected temperatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0957—Detection of tool breakage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00—Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/16—Shims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
    • B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0985—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/001—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using electro-caloric effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, and in particular to a turning process system and an intelligent supply method for coupling of electric card-assisted internal cooling texture turning tool, nanofluid micro-lubrication and micro texture tool.
  • cutting fluid and additives can play the role of cooling, lubricating, cleaning, chip removal and rust prevention, they have been widely used, but they have also brought many negative effects, such as environmental pollution and harm Human health increases manufacturing costs, and improper use will increase tool wear and reduce the surface quality of the workpiece.
  • environmental protection regulations are becoming more and more stringent.
  • the cooling method of pouring a large amount of cutting fluid is no longer in line with the development direction of production. Measures must be taken. Change this resource-consuming manufacturing model to achieve green and sustainable production.
  • the traditional tribological view is that the smoother the two surfaces in contact with each other, the smaller the amount of wear.
  • the study of non-smooth morphological surfaces is the study of textured surfaces.
  • the so-called surface texture refers to the use of geometric graphics theory or bionics theory to design geometric microstructures with certain characteristics, and use laser processing to process microstructure arrays on the surface to change the surface geometry.
  • the lubrication effect of the lubricating oil on the friction pair watch seconds mainly depends on the relative movement between the two friction pairs, which drives the lubricating oil to form a lubricating film on the surface, reducing the direct contact between the surfaces of the two friction pairs to reduce friction and reduce wear.
  • there are pits or dents there will be lubricating oil in the pits or dents.
  • lubricating oil is sticky, it will stick.
  • a lubricating film is quickly formed on the surface under the drive of the surface, which shortens the formation time of the lubricating film, thereby playing the role of anti-friction and anti-wear.
  • Micro-lubrication cutting processing technology refers to a cutting processing method in which a small amount of lubricating fluid and a gas with a certain pressure are mixed and atomized, and then transported to the friction interface for cooling and lubrication.
  • the high-pressure gas is mainly used for cooling and chip removal.
  • the micro-lubrication has reached or even exceeded the lubrication effect of the casting type. It can replace the traditional casting type cooling and lubrication, which shows great advantages and development prospects.
  • research shows that the high-pressure gas with the atomization effect does not perform as expected. Good cooling effect.
  • Nanofluid micro-lubrication inherits all the advantages of micro-lubrication, and solves the heat exchange problem of micro-lubrication cutting. It is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly, green and low-carbon cutting technology. Since the heat transfer performance of solids is greater than that of liquids, and the heat transfer performance of liquids is greater than that of gas, the heat transfer mechanism is enhanced. A suitable amount of nano-sized solid particles are added to the biodegradable micro-lubricating fluid to form nano-fluid. It is atomized and delivered to the tool/chip interface in a jet.
  • Compressed gas mainly plays the role of cooling, removing chips and transporting nanofluids; trace amount of lubricating fluid mainly plays a role of lubrication; Nano particles strengthen the heat transfer capacity of the fluid in the cutting zone and play a good cooling effect. At the same time, nanoparticles play With good anti-wear and anti-friction characteristics and load-bearing capacity, the lubrication effect of the grinding area is improved, the surface quality and burns of the workpiece are improved to a large extent, the service life of the tool is effectively increased, and the working environment is improved.
  • Magnetic refrigeration technology is a new type of solid-state refrigeration technology based on the magnetic card effect.
  • the magnetic card effect is the process of applying a magnetic field to a magnetic material or removing the magnetic field, the order of the magnetic domains changes to cause a change in the entropy of the system, which in turn causes a change in the temperature of the material to achieve cooling.
  • Magnetic refrigeration requires a large magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet array to drive the refrigeration device.
  • the ferroelectric refrigeration based on the electric card effect is derived from the magnetic refrigeration analogous to the magnetic card effect.
  • Electric card refrigeration uses polar materials to apply or remove an electric field to cause the polarization state of the material to change. The change in the order of the polarization state will induce the material to produce field-induced entropy changes and temperature changes to achieve cooling.
  • the tool holder is connected with the tool head, and the tool head includes a cutting section and an avoiding section connected to each other.
  • the avoiding section includes a cylindrical section and a cone section, and the cone section is arranged between the tool handle and the cylindrical section.
  • the turning tool includes a turning tool body and a special-shaped turning blade.
  • the main cutting edge and secondary cutting edge of the special-shaped insert are R40-50mm arc, the blade length is 8-10mm, the main flank is R6-R7mm arc surface, and the secondary flank is R6.5-R8mm arc surface, special-shaped
  • the intersection between the main flank surface and the secondary flank surface of the insert is an arc edge, which participates in turning as a cutting edge during the turning process.
  • the invention can effectively improve the force of the tool and the direction of chip discharge when the cutting depth is less than 0.05mm in the finishing turning process, avoiding the problems of vibration, squeezing and chip scratching the machined surface, and repairing while turning Smooth machining reduces the difficulty of finishing turning and the surface roughness of the workpiece.
  • the scope of application of the invention is relatively small, and it is of little significance to guide the production of turning tools under other working conditions and processing environments.
  • the composite surface texture includes a first groove, a second groove, a first pit and a second pit, Each of the first groove and the second groove includes a plurality of first grooves, a plurality of first grooves are arranged in parallel, a plurality of second grooves are arranged in parallel, and a first groove and a second groove are arranged to cross each other
  • the mesh groove texture is formed, the first pits include multiple, which are arranged in sequence along the mesh groove texture, so that the multiple first pits are connected by the mesh groove texture, and the second pits include multiple, Set along the center of the diamond grid formed by the mesh groove texture.
  • the utility model utilizes the surface texture processed on the surface of the moving friction pair to improve the lubrication state of the oil film boundary and reduce the friction coefficient and the wear amount.
  • the friction texture of this patent has a single type, which only allows a simple combination of the two textures, and does not explain the applicable working conditions of the texture, so it cannot be further applied in practice.
  • the internal cooling tool has the problem of insufficient heat exchange during the processing of difficult-to-process materials with low thermal conductivity.
  • the heat cannot be transferred in time, so it is easy to cause Burns or chips on the machined surface will work together with the props to cause adhesion at high temperatures, which reduces the machining performance and machining accuracy of the tool.
  • the purpose of the implementation of this specification is to provide an electric card-assisted internal cooling texture turning tool, which realizes the design of a steerable internal cooling nozzle with an atomization effect, and further realizes the precise and controllable supply of a trace amount of lubricating fluid.
  • the inner cooling turning tool holder is used as a bearing device, one end of which is provided with an inner cooling turning tool blade, and an inner cooling turning tool is arranged between the inner cooling turning tool blade and the structure of the inner cooling turning tool holder carrying the blade Shim
  • the internal cooling tool holder is made of electrical card material, external electric field, and both the inside and outside are covered with an insulating coating with good thermal conductivity;
  • the inner cooling turning tool blade is also provided with an inner cooling turning tool blade pressing device, and the inner cooling turning tool blade pressing device presses the inner cooling turning tool blade on the inner cooling turning tool handle on;
  • a texture is processed on the rake face of the inner cooling turning tool blade
  • the internal cooling turning tool blade pressing device is a hollow structure, and an adjustable direction nozzle is arranged on it, and the internal cooling turning tool blade pressing device communicates with the internal channel of the adjustable turning nozzle.
  • Machine tool working system Electric card tool holder heat sink moving system, micro lubrication supply system and texture turning tool parts;
  • a micro-lubrication supply system and texture turning tool components are installed on the machine tool working system;
  • the electric card tool holder heat sink moving system is installed on the turning tool holder, and mainly provides heat dissipation for the tool holder made of electric card material;
  • the micro-lubrication supply system mainly provides pulsed lubrication and coolant for the textured turning tool parts
  • the textured turning tool component is the above-mentioned electric card-assisted internally cooled textured turning tool.
  • the workpiece is installed in the machine tool working system for rotational movement, and the textured turning tool component moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system.
  • the textured turning tool parts and the workpiece are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of workpiece material.
  • Textured turning tool parts need to be installed in the machine tool working system, and positioned and clamped;
  • the workpiece also needs to be installed on the machine tool working system, and positioning and clamping should be done well;
  • the lathe processing parameters are input to the micro-lubrication supply system, and the parameter matching database is established in the early stage to intelligently identify the cutting parameters and match the optimal liquid supply of the micro-lubrication supply system to control the movement of the intelligent supply motor.
  • the rack and pinion transmission mechanism to adjust the cutting amount to realize the intelligent supply of cutting amount and liquid supply;
  • the workpiece While the workpiece is being processed, the workpiece always keeps rotating movement, and the textured turning tool component moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system. The textured turning tool component and the workpiece are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of workpiece material .
  • the electric card-assisted internal cooling texture turning tool of the present disclosure realizes the design of a steerable internal cooling nozzle with an atomization effect, thereby realizing precise and controllable supply of a trace amount of lubricant.
  • the internal cooling reduces the temperature and strengthens the heat exchange to increase the tool life.
  • the present disclosure uses nanofluid micro-lubrication; that is, nano-particles are added to a micro-lubricating oil, and then a dispersant is added to obtain a stable and good-dispersible nanofluid. Utilize the excellent heat exchange performance of nanoparticles to reduce the temperature in the high temperature zone.
  • the present disclosure uses a textured tool; after the surface of the turning tool is textured, the friction coefficient of the friction zone can be reduced, thereby reducing the thermal energy generated by friction;
  • the present disclosure uses an internally cooled turning tool and a special liquid supply route of the internally cooled turning tool to bring more nanofluid and trace lubricating oil into the heat producing area. Therefore, its application can greatly reduce the cutting temperature, clean up fine chips and increase tool life.
  • the internal cooling turning tool of the present disclosure has high structural manufacturing precision and assembly accuracy, and since the size of the turning tool itself is not large, the size of the liquid supply channel of the internal cooling turning tool matches the internal cooling turning tool.
  • the disclosed technology system of nanofluid micro-lubrication and texture cutter coupling solves the problems of traditional lubrication methods such as environmental pollution, human health and increased manufacturing costs through the form of micro-lubrication, and realizes environmentally friendly cutting force Reduce and cutting heat transfer; on the other hand, surface texture can improve the friction performance of the friction pair.
  • the main reason is that the pits or dents of the surface texture can act as an oil reservoir and can promptly form a lubricating film on the surface of the friction pair. , Thereby reducing the friction and wear on the surface of the friction pair and increasing the service life of the turning tool in the process system. Therefore, combining the above-mentioned various functions, the present invention realizes green manufacturing with long life and low energy consumption.
  • the disclosed process method for coupling nanofluid micro-lubrication and texture cutting tools can realize the green removal of various cutting materials including difficult-to-process materials with low damage and low energy consumption through the coupling effect of nanofluid micro-lubrication and texture cutting tools. .
  • the cutting parameters of the tool are theoretically guided.
  • the cutting parameters are intelligently identified and matched with the optimal liquid supply of the micro-lubrication supply device to realize the intelligent supply of cutting parameters and liquid supply.
  • the present disclosure integrates a turning tool wear state image acquisition device and a tool temperature monitoring device, which improves the intelligence of the entire processing system and the controllability of the processing process, and reduces the unqualified rate of processed workpieces.
  • the optimal lubrication condition in the microscopic state is found, that is, the lubrication condition in which nanofluid micro-lubrication and microtexture are coupled.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electric card-assisted internal cooling texture turning tool and its supply device according to the first embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electric card assisted internal cooling texture turning tool according to the first embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 3(a) is an exploded schematic diagram of the electric card assisted internal cooling texture turning tool in the first embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the pin structure in the electric card assisted internal cooling texture turning tool of the first embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an atomized part of a pressure plate part with a fluid channel in an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric card auxiliary internal cooling texture turning tool according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the internal cooling tool blade structure of an electric card-assisted internal cooling texture tool in an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system for moving the heat sink of an internally cooled turning tool electric chuck shank according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working cycle cycle of the moving system of the internally cooled turning tool electric chuck radiator fin moving system according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the nanofluid micro-lubrication turning process system of the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is an isometric view of the machine tool in the second embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the structure of the micro-lubrication supply system in the second embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent supply of micro-lubrication according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the force applied to the turning tool of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the force coordinate analysis of the turning tool according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of different types of texture forms in an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 15(a)-FIG. 15(b) are schematic diagrams and partial enlarged diagrams of capillary phenomenon during turning processing of an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 16 (a)- Figure 16 (c) are the microscopic schematic diagrams under the dry cutting state, the pouring type or the micro lubrication state, and the nanofluid micro lubrication state of the embodiment of the disclosure;
  • 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a triangular cross-sectional texture of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quadrilateral cross-sectional texture according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elliptical cross-sectional texture of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • I-machine tool working system II-workpiece, III-textured turning tool parts, IV-micro lubrication supply system, V-turning tool wear status monitoring system, VII-electric clamping tool holder heat sink moving system;
  • III-1-Adjustable nozzle III-2-Internal cooling turning tool blade pressing device, III-3-Internal cooling turning tool positioning pin, III-4-3-Main flank surface, III-4-2- Rake face, III-4-1-sub flank face, III-4-internal cooling turning tool blade, III-5-internal cooling turning tool shim, III-6-internal cooling turning tool holder, III-7 -Internal cooling tool air pipe joint, III-8-nozzle sealing ring, III-9-internal cooling tool sealing screw, III-10-tool sealing screw sealing ring, III-11-upper sealing screw, III-12- Upper sealing ring, III-1-1-adjustable nozzle gas passage, III-1-2-adjustable nozzle lubricating oil passage, III-4-a-open texture form, III-4-b-mixed weave Structure form, III-4-c-closed texture form, III-4-d-semi-open texture form;
  • IV-1-box IV-2-oil cup connector, IV-3-oil cup, IV-4-fixing screw, IV-5-washer, IV-6-fixing screw, IV-7 lubrication pump fixing cover, IV-8-Precision micro-lubrication pump, IV-9-air volume adjustment knob, IV-10-three-way, IV-11-solenoid valve, IV-12-air source processor, IV-13-intake port, IV- 14-Two-way connector, IV-15-frequency generator, IV-16-pipe, IV-17-pipe, IV-18-pipe, IV-19-oil volume adjustment knob, IV-20-lubrication pump outlet connector, IV -21-Intelligent supply gear, IV-22-Intelligent supply motor tripod, IV-23-Intelligent supply motor base, IV-24-Intelligent supply slide rail rack, IV-25-Intelligent supply motor;
  • VI-1-chips VI-2-nanoparticles, VI-3-textured turning tools, VI-4-micro lubricating oil, VI-5-micro chips, VI-6-micro capillary channels;
  • VII-1-heat sink VII-2-cylinder
  • VII-3-upper intake pipe VII-4-lower intake pipe.
  • the texture internal cooling tool includes an adjustable nozzle III-1, and an internal cooling tool blade pressing device III-2 , Internal cooling turning tool positioning pin III-3, internal cooling turning tool blade III-4, internal cooling turning tool pad III-5, internal cooling turning tool holder III-6, internal cooling turning tool air pipe joint III-7, Nozzle sealing ring III-8, internal cooling turning tool sealing screw III-9, turning tool sealing screw sealing ring III-10, adjustable to nozzle gas channel III-1-1, adjustable to nozzle lubricating oil channel III-1- 2.
  • the internal cooling turning tool insert III-4 is the main working part of the turning process.
  • the workpiece rotates while working, and the internal cooling turning tool insert III-4 performs linear feed motion; at this time, it will be generated between the main cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece Shearing produces chips, which will cause friction with the rake face of the turning tool blade; and the flank face of the turning tool blade will friction with the machined surface of the workpiece.
  • Figure 5(b) shows the specific structure of the internal cooling turning tool blade, including the main flank face III-4-3, the rake face III-4-2, and the secondary flank face III-4-1.
  • Figure 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric card auxiliary internal cooling texture turning tool according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the inner cooling turning tool insert III-5 has the same shape as the inner cooling turning tool insert III-4, and the thickness dimension and the center hole size are different. It is mainly to prevent the cutting resistance of the inner cooling turning tool blade III-4 from being too large and deforming, and the cutting resistance of the inner cooling turning tool blade III-4 is evenly transmitted to the inner cooling through the inner cooling turning tool pad III-5 Turning tool holder III-6.
  • the inner cooling turning tool holder III-6 is the bearing device of the inner cooling turning tool blade III-4 and the inner cooling turning tool pad III-5. Its main function is to firmly connect the various parts of the texture inner cooling turning tool together. It is then fixedly connected to the rotating tool post component I-11 of the machine tool system by bolts.
  • the internal cooling turning tool positioning pin III-3 is a special pin used to locate the internal cooling turning tool blade III-4 and the internal cooling turning tool pad III-5.
  • the special-made pins mentioned here are not special-made or special processing of materials, etc.
  • the main reason for calling them special-made pins is that the pins are mechanical parts with production standards, and their structure, shape and size have certain standards in actual production.
  • the pins used in the present disclosure are functionally the same as the standard parts, they are different from the traditional standard parts in structure, that is, they are non-standard parts, so they become special pins here.
  • the structure diagram of the special pin is shown in Figure 3(b).
  • Fig. 3(a) is an exploded schematic diagram of the electric card assisted internal cooling texture turning tool according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the compression device of this embodiment is different from the existing ones, and the existing compression devices can only provide a compression function, but cannot provide other functions. While the compression device involved in the present disclosure provides a compression effect, it can also be used as a circulation device for gas and trace lubricating liquid pipes.
  • the internal cooling turning tool blade clamping device III-2 is a clamping device of the internal cooling turning tool blade III-4, which presses the external cooling turning tool blade to play a clamping role. It is fixedly connected with the internal cooling tool sealing screw III-9 through a threaded connection.
  • a turning tool sealing screw sealing ring III-10 is arranged between the internal cooling turning tool sealing screw III-9 and the internal cooling turning tool shank III-6, and the part is hollow to allow gas and trace lubricating fluid pipes to pass.
  • the compressed gas and liquid pipes of the tool passage can be Circulate to the adjustable nozzle III-1.
  • the internal cooling tool sealing screw III-9 provides a guarantee for the inspection and repair of the tool failure, thereby increasing the service life of the entire component.
  • the adjustable direction nozzle III-1 is an adjustable direction inner cooling tool nozzle with an atomizing device.
  • the nozzle includes an adjustable direction nozzle gas channel III-1-1 and an adjustable direction nozzle lubricant channel III-1-2 , Can make gas and trace lubricating oil mixed and atomized.
  • the sealing ring III-10 of the turning tool sealing screw and the sealing screw III-9 of the internal cooling tool are standard parts, which are used to seal the gas passage of the textured internal cooling tool.
  • the internal cooling tool air pipe joint III-7 is a connecting device between the micro lubrication supply device and the internal cooling tool lubricating fluid interface. One end is connected to the internal cooling tool handle III-6, and the other is connected to the pipeline of the micro lubrication supply system IV.
  • the rake face of the internal cooling turning tool blade is processed with textures with a certain surface density, width and depth.
  • the textures include open texture, semi-open texture, closed texture and mixed texture.
  • the open texture means that the fluid within the texture can flow freely in the texture, that is, it can move in one direction and also flow in a direction at a certain angle to the direction.
  • Semi-open texture means that the fluid in the texture can only move in one direction under the action of the texture.
  • the closed texture means that the fluid in the texture does not move in other directions.
  • the compressed air enters the internal cooling tool holder III-6 and the internal cooling tool blade pressing device III-2 through the internal cooling tool air pipe connector III-7, and finally reaches the adjustable nozzle lubricant channel III-1- At 2 locations, it interacts with the liquid pipe to produce atomized droplets of trace lubricating oil.
  • the new internal cooling turning tool component in this example realizes the design of a steerable internal cooling nozzle with atomization effect and electric card auxiliary refrigeration, thereby realizing precise and controllable supply of trace lubricating fluid and good blade cooling.
  • Machine tool working system micro lubrication supply system and texture turning tool parts
  • a micro-lubrication supply system and texture turning tool components are installed on the machine tool working system;
  • the micro-lubrication supply system mainly provides pulsed lubrication and coolant for the textured turning tool parts
  • the textured turning tool component is the above-mentioned electric card-assisted internally cooled textured turning tool.
  • the workpiece is installed in the machine tool working system for rotational movement, and the textured turning tool component moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system.
  • the textured turning tool parts and the workpiece are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of workpiece material.
  • the machine tool working system II can be an ordinary lathe or a numerical control lathe.
  • the present invention takes an ordinary lathe as an example to describe the entire process system. When the components or structures are the same, the process system of the numerical control lathe still belongs to the content of the present invention.
  • Workpiece II is the part that needs to be processed, generally a rotary part.
  • Textured turning tool part III is mainly the cutting part of turning processing.
  • the micro-lubrication supply device IV mainly provides pulsed lubrication and coolant for the textured turning tool component III.
  • the turning tool wear monitoring system V integrates an infrared thermal imaging camera acquisition module and an image acquisition device, which can monitor the wear status of the turning tool and the temperature of the turning tool components. monitor.
  • the image acquisition device of the turning tool wear monitoring system V collects the initial state of the turning tool and stores it in the memory.
  • the turning tool returns to the initial position, and the image acquisition device controls the turning tool.
  • the image of the knife blade is collected and compared with the image of the initial state of the turning tool.
  • the reference value of the turning tool wear state is obtained. According to the reference value, it can be compared with the turning tool wear threshold corresponding to the accuracy requirements of the workpiece to determine whether to replace the turning tool.
  • the weighted accumulation is to assign a higher weight to the wear of the part close to the blade of the turning tool, and to assign a lower weight to the wear of the part away from the blade of the turning tool, and the reference value of the wear state of the turning tool is obtained after cumulative addition.
  • the electric knife holder heat sink moving system includes a heat sink, a lower intake pipe, a cylinder, and an upper intake pipe.
  • cylinders are arranged under the heat dissipation plate, the number of cylinders may be two, and each cylinder is connected to the upper intake pipe and the lower intake pipe respectively.
  • the electric card tool holder heat sink movement system periodically energizes the turning tool holder made of electric card material, and the heat sink moves during the cycle, as follows:
  • the electric field remains unchanged.
  • the temperature rise caused by the decrease in entropy is dissipated by the heat sink VII-1, and the lower intake pipe VII-4 of the heat sink VII-1 works to push the cylinder VII-2 forward to dissipate heat.
  • the plate VII-1 is in contact with the inner-cooled turning tool holder III-6 and the inner-cooled turning tool pad III-5, and transfers the heat of the inner-cooled turning tool holder III-6 and the inner-cooled turning tool pad III-5 to Heat sink VII-1.
  • This cycle reciprocates, so as to reduce the temperature of the components.
  • the working process of the whole system Before the whole system works, it is necessary to pour the formulated micro-lubricating oil or nano-fluid micro-lubricating oil into the micro-lubrication supply system IV.
  • the texture turning tool part III needs to be installed in the machine tool working system I , And do positioning and clamping.
  • the workpiece II also needs to be installed on the machine tool working system I, and the positioning and clamping work must be done.
  • nano-fluid micro-lubrication is to add nanoparticles and dispersants on the basis of micro-lubricating oil, so as to uniformly and stably disperse nanoparticles in the micro-lubricating oil.
  • nanofluids with good dispersion, high stability, long-lasting and low agglomeration are formed.
  • the workpiece II While the workpiece II is being processed, the workpiece II always keeps rotating movement, and the texture turning tool part III moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system I.
  • the texture turning tool part III and the workpiece II are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of the workpiece II material.
  • the turning machine tool working system I includes a headstock I-1, an adjusting knob I-2, a workpiece clamping device I-3, a machine tool guide I-4, a turning tool part I-5, and a center I-6 , Top fixed knob I-7, screw motor I-8, tailstock seat I-9, machine tool tailstock I-10, rotary tool rest part I-11, longitudinal screw motor I-12.
  • the machine bed I-13 is mainly made of cast iron, which is processed by casting process. Its main function is to connect the various parts together and make the machine working system I stable on the ground.
  • the headstock I-1 is a complex transmission component of the turning machine tool work system I.
  • the rotation of the adjusting knob I-2 can adjust the transmission mechanism of the headstock I-1 to control the start and stop of the workpiece clamping device I-3, the rotation speed and the change of the rotation direction.
  • Workpiece clamping device I-3 can select devices such as three-jaw chuck, four-jaw chuck or faceplate according to the process requirements of actual parts processing; its main function is centering clamping.
  • the main function of the rotating tool post part I-11 is to install the fixed texture turning tool part III. It can install four knives at the same time.
  • the principle is to fix the textured turning tool component III on the rotating tool post component I-11 by bolts.
  • the longitudinal movement of the rotary tool post component I-11 is completed by the longitudinal screw motor I-12 driving the screw.
  • the machine tool guide rail I-4 is precisely matched with the worktable of the rotary tool post component I-11, so as to realize the lateral movement of the rotary tool post component I-11.
  • the screw motor I-8 is the power source of the screw rotation.
  • the machine tool tailstock base I-9 and the machine tool guide rail I-4 are precisely matched to realize the linear movement of the machine tool tailstock I-10 on the guide rail.
  • the top fixed knob I-7 is the fixed knob of the top I-6. By rotating the top fixed knob I-7, the top I-6 and the machine tailstock base I-9 are relatively stationary.
  • the top I-6 is an auxiliary device for the turning process.
  • the machine tool top I-6 can withstand the slender shaft to reduce the vibration of the slender shaft during the machining process and improve the workpiece Precision.
  • the center I-6 can be replaced by a drill for drilling the workpiece, or other types of tools for rotating the workpiece.
  • Workpiece II is generally a bar, but can also be a disc, sleeve or other workpiece with a revolving surface, such as inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, inner and outer conical surfaces, end surfaces, grooves, threads, and revolving forming surfaces.
  • the micro-lubrication supply system IV includes box IV-1, oil cup joint IV-2, oil cup IV-3, fixing screw IV-4, washer IV-5, fixing screw IV-6, and lubrication pump Fixed cover IV-7, precision micro-lubrication pump IV-8, air volume adjustment knob IV-9, three-way IV-10, solenoid valve IV-11, air source processor IV-12, air inlet interface IV-13, two-way connector IV-14, frequency generator IV-15, pipeline IV-16, pipeline IV-17, pipeline IV-18, oil volume adjustment knob IV-19, lubrication pump outlet connector IV-20, intelligent supply gear IV-21, intelligent Supply motor tripod IV-22, intelligent supply motor base IV-23, intelligent supply slide rail rack IV-24, intelligent supply motor IV-25.
  • the air inlet port IV-13 is fixed on the air source processor IV-12, and the high-pressure gas enters the air source processor IV-12 from the air inlet port IV-13 to be filtered to provide high pressure gas for the lubrication system.
  • the air source processor IV-12 Connect to the solenoid valve IV-11 through the two-way connector IV-14 to control the entry of gas.
  • the outlet of the solenoid valve IV-11 is connected to a three-way IV-10, and the high-pressure gas passes through an outlet pipe IV-16 of the three-way IV-10 Enter the frequency generator IV-15, and use the frequency generator IV-15 to control the input frequency of the gas.
  • the high pressure gas comes out of the frequency generator IV-15, it enters the precision micro-lubrication pump IV-8 through the pipeline IV-17; in addition, the high pressure The gas enters the precision micro-lubrication pump IV-8 through the other outlet pipe IV-18 of the three-way IV-10.
  • One end of the oil cup connector IV-2 is threaded to IV-2, and the other end is threaded to the lubrication pump fixing cover IV-7.
  • the lubrication pump fixing cover IV-7 is connected to the precision micro-lubrication pump IV-8 through 2 fixing screws IV-6, and the lubricating pump fixing cover IV-7 is fixed to the box IV by 2 fixing screws IV-4 and washers IV-5 -1, adjust the volume of high-pressure gas by adjusting the volume adjustment knob IV-9, adjust the volume of lubricating oil by adjusting the volume adjustment knob IV-19, and finally connect the nozzle connector IV-6 through the lubrication pump outlet connector IV-20 Provide lubricating oil to cutting system IV.
  • the intelligent supply gear IV-21 is connected to the intelligent supply motor IV-25 through a key connection, the intelligent supply motor IV-25 is installed on the intelligent supply motor foot stand IV-22 by bolt connection, and the intelligent supply motor foot stand IV-22 is bolted
  • the connection is firmly connected to the intelligent supply motor base IV-23, and the intelligent supply motor base IV-23 is welded and fixed to the box IV-1.
  • the intelligent supply slide rail rack IV-24 is welded and fixed to the box IV-1, and is driven in conjunction with the intelligent supply gear IV-21.
  • the micro-lubrication intelligent adjustment and supply system can drive the rack and pinion components through the motor according to the actual processing, and then adjust the supply volume knob to realize the intelligent adjustment of the micro-lubrication supply volume parameters.
  • the basic principle of the micro-lubrication supply system IV is to use pneumatic to transport the micro-lubricating oil to the nozzle in pulses (ie intervals), and then atomize it at the nozzle or the internal cooling tool, and spray it to the designated position.
  • the micro-computer module can input the micro-lubrication supply system supply amount corresponding to the cutting parameters of long-term practical experience into the memory of the control unit When changing processing parameters, input the parameters into the signal input device, extract the data in the corresponding memory to the supply volume, and then adjust the mechanical device adjustment knob of the micro-lubrication supply device to adjust the supply volume.
  • the forces in the cutting process are cutting force F Z , back force F Y , and feed force F X.
  • the exponential formula of cutting force is through a large number of experiments. After the cutting force is measured by the dynamometer, the data obtained is processed by mathematical methods, and the empirical formula for calculating the cutting force can be obtained.
  • K Fz , K Fy , K Fx - are the product of the correction coefficients of various factors to the cutting force when the actual machining conditions do not match the conditions of the obtained empirical formula in the calculation of the three component forces.
  • the main factors that affect the cutting force are the back-cutting amount a p and the feed amount f. Generally, the main factors are included in the empirical formula, and other factors are used as the correction coefficient of the empirical formula.
  • X lg a p — the logarithm of the amount of back knife a p ;
  • K Fz The product of the correction coefficients of various influencing factors on the cutting force when the actual processing conditions do not match the conditions of the empirical formula.
  • the above process can predict the cutting force after the turning tool design is completed, so as to provide technical guidance for the selection of reasonable cutting parameters.
  • the lathe processing parameters are input to the micro-lubrication supply system, and the parameter matching database is established in the early stage to intelligently identify the cutting parameters. Matching the optimal liquid supply amount to realize the intelligent supply of cutting amount and liquid supply.
  • the working system is a numerical control turning processing system
  • connect the micro-lubrication supply device to the numerical control system read the numerical control system programming code, and then extract the back-grabbing amount a p and the feed amount in the identification code according to the programming code rules
  • the parameters such as f and cutting speed v are fed back to the nanofluid micro-lubrication supply device.
  • the cutting parameters are intelligently identified and matched with the optimal liquid supply of the micro-lubrication supply device to realize the cutting amount Intelligent supply with liquid supply.
  • the present invention divides the texture form into an open texture form III-4-a, a mixed texture form III-4-b, a closed texture form III-4-c, and a semi-open texture form. III-4-d.
  • the tribological characteristics of the texture are related to its surface density (the area of the texture is compared to the total area in the region), depth, and width.
  • Various forms of texture can be analyzed by simulation software and then entered into the friction and wear test machine for friction and wear experiments , Find the best texture surface density, texture depth and texture width.
  • the secondary lubrication function described below is the function of supplying lubricating fluid to the cutting area (tool/chip friction area) under external action after the lubricating fluid is stored in the texture area; the chip holding function, that is, during the cutting process The tiny chips in the metal will be brought into the texture groove and play a role in storage, thereby reducing the friction and wear of other tools.
  • the open texture III-4-a means that the fluid within the texture can flow freely in the texture, that is, it can move in one direction and also flow in a direction at a certain angle to the direction.
  • the semi-open texture III-4-d means that the fluid in the texture can only move in one direction under the action of the texture.
  • the closed texture III-4-c means that the fluid in the texture does not move in other directions.
  • the mixed texture III-4-b is an open, semi-open, closed texture in two combinations or three coexistence. Contains and is not limited to the illustration.
  • the open texture form III-4-a has better lubricating fluid circulation characteristics than the semi-open texture form III-4-d, mixed texture form III-4-b and closed texture form III-4-c , It is easier to realize "secondary lubrication" during the machining process: that is, the microstructure with the liquid transport channel, the micro-lubricating oil in the texture recesses is supplied to the chip/tool friction area, thereby reducing wear.
  • the closed texture form III-4-c has better processing technology than the open texture form III-4-a, that is, the production is simple, but long-term use may easily cause the texture to be blocked by solid nanoparticles and tiny chips, resulting in The liquid lubricant in the nanofluid micro-lubricating liquid cannot function, but it is easier to make in actual production.
  • Semi-open texture form III-4-d has the advantages and disadvantages of closed texture form III-4-c and open texture form III-4-a. It not only has a semi-flow channel for trace lubricating oil, but also facilitates processing .
  • the anti-wear and anti-friction performance of the semi-open texture perpendicular to the chip direction is relative to that of the semi-open texture in other directions.
  • Formula III-4-d is more excellent. But its liquid fluidity is not as good as the open texture form III-4-a.
  • the processing of the mixed texture form III-4-b is complicated, and the closed part of the mixed texture form III-4-b is easy to be blocked during long-term use. The producer can select the appropriate texture processing form according to actual needs.
  • micro-lubricating oil supplied by the micro-lubrication supply system IV is supplied in the form of small droplets after pneumatic atomization, these droplets have a faster speed and are easier to enter the micro capillary channel VI-6. And because this process system uses texture turning tool VI-3, the micro capillary channel VI-6 is easier to communicate with the outside world. Therefore, under the dual coupling, there are both micro capillary channels VI during the entire cutting process. -6. There is also a micro-textured cutting fluid storage channel, so that the micro-lubricating oil can play the maximum lubrication effect in the device, reduce the friction coefficient and cutting force, and can significantly reduce the energy required for unit material removal and increase Energy utilization.
  • the atomized micro-lubricant VI-4 also spreads low in the chip/turning tool friction area to form a regional lubricating oil film or a stable flat oil film, which will also reduce the friction coefficient of the friction area and reduce the texture turning tool VI- 3/ The wear and cutting force between the friction area of the chip VI-1, thereby increasing the life of the entire system.
  • the presence of nano-particle VI-2 makes it easier to produce a physical lubricant film at the friction interface of the textured turning tool VI-3 and the chip VI-1, thereby reducing the friction contact area
  • the friction coefficient improves the surface processing quality.
  • the bearing-like effect of nanoparticles improves the overall lubrication performance.
  • the texture grooves of the textured turning tool VI-3 can store trace oil VI-4 on the one hand, and can supply trace amounts to the friction area in time when the friction area is not well lubricated.
  • Lubricating oil VI-4 the secondary lubrication effect, has a beneficial effect on lubrication; on the other hand, it can store the tiny chips VI-5 generated in the friction contact area, reducing the friction and wear caused by these tiny chips VI-5.
  • the strong heat exchange ability of nanoparticles can take away the heat in the cutting zone in time, avoiding burn damage to the workpiece.
  • the process system can well ensure the surface integrity of the processed workpiece, improve the service life of the process system, and realize green manufacturing.
  • micro-lubrication is different from nano-fluid micro-lubrication. Due to the lack of nano-particles, on the one hand, compared with nano-fluid micro-lubrication, it has lower heat transfer capacity during processing. This lubrication condition is not suitable for processing thermal conductivity. Although the texture can provide secondary lubrication and chip holding for lower materials or materials with high continuous processing temperature, under this type of lubrication, the lack of heat exchange capacity makes them prone to burns during processing.
  • pouring lubrication conditions are similar to micro-lubrication, but because it can continuously supply a large amount of liquid, its heat exchange capacity is slightly better than that of micro-lubrication. Both textures can provide secondary lubrication and chip containment. Pouring type lubrication will enter a large amount of cutting fluid into the cutting area in the form of a liquid jet. However, pouring type is easy to cause oil rash, folliculitis and other hazards, and can produce carcinogens, which violates the concept of green processing.
  • each type of texture section can be any two-dimensional shape that can be made, such as a triangle, a quadrilateral, a polygon, a semicircle, and a semiellipse.
  • Triangular cross section Compared with other shapes, this shape has a lower oil and chip holding area, that is, at the same depth, the triangle is not conducive to secondary lubrication and chip holding.
  • shape parameters mainly include left-hand tilt angle ⁇ , right-hand tilt angle ⁇ , texture width d, and depth h.
  • the left side is the triangle edge close to the tool tip. The larger the right angle ⁇ , the stronger the chip holding capacity of the textured groove.
  • Quadrilateral cross-section Compared with other shapes, it can have a larger oil and chip holding area, that is, under the same depth, the quadrilateral cross section is conducive to the storage of lubricating oil and fine chips.
  • shape parameters mainly include left-hand tilt angle ⁇ , right-hand tilt angle ⁇ , upper texture width d 1, lower texture width d 2 and depth h.
  • the area of the oil and chip holding area of the elliptical section is moderate, but when the lubricating fluid in the groove is impacted, it is easier to manufacture compared to the quadrilateral section, and its performance is also between the quadrilateral and triangular sections.
  • shape parameters include d and h.
  • the nanofluid in the microchannel has the following properties:
  • a c micro-channel cross-sectional area

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Abstract

一种电卡辅助内冷织构车刀、纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统及其控制方法，电卡辅助内冷织构车刀包括：内冷车刀刀柄（III-6）、可调向喷嘴（III-1）及内冷车刀刀片（III-4）；内冷车刀刀柄（III-6）上设有内冷车刀刀片压紧装置（III-2），其将内冷车刀刀片（III-4）压紧在内冷车刀刀柄（III-6）上；内冷车刀刀片（III-4）前刀面上有织构；内冷车刀刀片压紧装置（III-2）为中空结构，其上设有可调向喷嘴（III-1），内冷车刀刀片压紧装置（III-2）与可调向喷嘴（III-1）内部通道相连通。纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统还包括电卡刀柄散热片移动系统，为车刀刀柄提供散热。控制方法通过切削参数匹配最佳供液量，实现润滑液的智能供给。电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，实现了带雾化效果的可转向内冷喷头设计，进而实现了微量润滑液的精准可控的智能供给。

Description

电卡辅助内冷织构车刀及纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统 技术领域
本公开涉及机械加工技术领域，特别是涉及电卡辅助内冷织构车刀、纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统及智能供给方法。
背景技术
在金属切削过程中，由于切削液及添加剂能起到冷却、润滑、清洗、排屑及防锈的作用，已得到了广泛的应用，但同时也带来了很多负面影响，如污染环境、危害人的健康并增加了制造成本，而且使用不当会增加刀具磨损并降低工件表面质量。随着国家可持续发展战略的要求，我国制造业正追求高质高效低成本的生产模式，同时环保法规越来越严格，大量浇注切削液的冷却方法已不符合生产的发展方向，必须采取措施改变这种资源消耗型制造模式以实现绿色可持续生产。近年来，世界各国及国际生产工程学会(CIRP)、美国机械工程协会(ASME)、国际电子电器工程师协会(IEEE)等组织都对消除或减少切削液危害的切削技术进行了大量研究，并努力应用于生产实践。为了消除或减少冷却液的危害，可以采用干切削、复合加工以及绿色冷却等技术。其中，干切削可以从根本上解决切削液所带来的诸多负面影响，但是在很多情况下，由于切削温度高，致使刀具寿命短且工件表面粗糙度超差，这时采用完全干切削是不可行的。因此，干切削时一般使用超硬刀具材料和涂层刀具，并采取高速切削技术，但是高速切削技术的理论还不完善。复合加工技术如加热和超声振动相结合的辅助切削，其成套设备昂贵，且处于研究阶段。而无污染或少污染的冷却技术在工业界得到了广泛应用。目前出现了冷风冷却、微量润滑冷却、水蒸汽、热管冷却以及内冷却等绿色冷却技术，而且其冷却效果也很好。所以，通过微量润滑装置以实现准干式切削的技术具有可行性和极高的应用前景。
传统摩擦学观点认为，相互接触的两个表面越光滑，磨损量越小。但近年来的研究表明，表面并非越光滑就越耐磨，而是具有一定非光滑形态的表面反而具有更好的耐磨性能。研究非光滑形态表面也就是研究具有织构的表面。所谓表面织构(Surface texture)，是指利用几何图形学理论或仿生学理论设计出具有一定特征的几何微结构，利用激光加工等手段在表面上加工出微结构阵列来改变表面几何形貌，从而改善表面间的接触性能，降低摩擦及改善润滑条件。因此合适的几何微特征是织构改性的前提，对于改善接触副之间的摩擦性能具有较大的工程价值。表面织构能够提高摩擦副的摩擦性能主要是表面织构的微坑或凹痕能够起到储油器的作用，能够及时使摩擦副表面形成润滑膜，从而减少摩擦副表面的摩擦磨损。润滑油对摩擦副表秒的润滑作用主要是依靠两摩擦副之间产生相对运动，从而带动润滑油在表面形成润滑膜，减少两摩擦副表面直接接触处来降低摩擦和减少磨损。当有了凹坑或凹痕的存在时，在凹坑或凹痕内就会存有润滑油，当两摩擦副表面开始相对运动时，产生了相对运动速度，由于润滑油有粘性就粘附在摩擦副表面，在表面的带动下很快在表面形成润滑膜，缩短了润滑膜的形成时间，从而起到抗摩减磨的作用。
微量润滑切削加工技术，其指将微量的润滑液和具有一定压力的气体混合雾化后，输送到摩擦界面起到冷却润滑作用的一种切削加工方法，高压气体主要起到冷却和排屑的作用，微量润滑达到甚至超过了浇注式的润滑效果，具有代替传统的浇注式冷却润滑体现出了巨大的优势和发展前景，但是经研究显示，起雾化效果的高压气体并没有起到预期那样良好的冷却效果。
纳米流体微量润滑继承了微量润滑的所有优点，又解决了微量润滑切削的换热问题，是一种节能环保、绿色低碳的切削加工技术。由于固体换热性能大于液体，液体换热性能大于气体的强化换热机理，将适量的纳米级固体颗粒加入到可生物降解的微量润滑液中形成纳米流体，通过压缩气体将纳米流体微量润滑液进行雾化，并以射流的方式输送到刀具/切屑界面。压缩气体主要起冷却、除屑和输运纳米流体的作用；微量润滑液主要起润滑作用； 纳米粒子强化了切削区流体的换热能力，起到了良好的冷却作用，与此同时，纳米粒子起到了良好的抗磨减摩特性和承载能力，从而提高了磨削区的润滑效果，较大程度的改善工件表面质量和烧伤现象，有效提高了刀具的使用寿命，改善了工作环境。
传统的制冷方式是基于蒸汽压缩技术来实现的，多以氟利昂作为制冷剂的气液制冷方式。一旦氟利昂进入到大气中，臭氧层会被破坏，不但带来环境问题还威胁人类健康。磁制冷技术是一种基于磁卡效应的新型固态制冷技术。磁卡效应是对磁性材料施加磁场或者移去磁场的过程中，磁畴的有序度发生改变而引起体系熵的变化，进而引起材料温度发生变化而实现制冷。磁制冷需要永磁体阵列产生的大磁场来驱动制冷器件工作，其制冷效率强烈依赖于磁场强度，或者说是磁体大小，这在很大程度上限制了磁制冷技术的应。基于电卡效应的铁电制冷是类比于磁卡效应的磁制冷演变而来。电卡制冷是利用极性材料在施加或者移去电场而引起材料极化状态发生改变，极化状态有序度的变化会诱导材料产生场致熵变及温变而实现制冷。
发明人在研究中发现，经检索，申请号“CN201320711247.5”，申请人为中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司的赵强等人发明了一种车刀，该车刀包括刀柄和刀头，刀柄与刀头连接，刀头包括相互连接的切削段和避让段，避让段包括圆柱段和锥段，锥段设置在刀柄和圆柱段之间。技术方案有效地解决了现有技术中加工喷口的内锥面及喷油孔困难的问题。
经检索，天津职业技术师范大学的徐国胜等人发明了一种精加工车刀，申请号201611070460.7，提供了一种精加工车刀，所述的车刀包括车刀本体和异形车刀片，所述异形刀片的主切削刃和副切削刃为R40—50mm圆弧，刃长8—10mm，主后刀面为R6—R7mm圆弧面，副后刀面为R6.5—R8mm圆弧面，异形刀片主后刀面与副后刀面之间相交处为一条圆弧棱边，该棱边在车削过程中作为切削刃参与车削。本发明能够有效改善精车加工中，当切削深度小于0.05mm时刀具的受力情况和切屑的排出方向，避免了振动、挤削和切屑划伤已加工表面的问题，在车削的同时进行修光加工，降低了精加工车削的难度和工件表面粗糙度。但是，该发明适用范围较小，对于其他工况和加工环境的车刀制作指导意义不大。
经检索，济南大学的吴元博等人发明了一种复合型表面织构摩擦副，申请号201820389723.9，公开了一种复合型表面织构摩擦副，属于机械运动摩擦副表面技术领域，其结构包括上表面摩擦副和下表面摩擦副，下表面摩擦副的表面上加工有复合型表面织构，复合型表面织构包括第一沟槽、第二沟槽、第一凹坑和第二凹坑，第一沟槽和第二沟槽分别包括多个，多个第一沟槽之间平行设置，多个第二沟槽之间平行设置，第一沟槽与第二沟槽之间相互交叉设置组成网状沟槽织构，第一凹坑包括多个，沿网状沟槽织构依次设置，使多个第一凹坑被网状沟槽织构连通，第二凹坑包括多个，沿网状沟槽织构形成的菱形网格中心设置。本实用新型利用在运动摩擦副表面加工的表面织构来改善油膜边界润滑状态，降低摩擦系数和磨损量。但是，该专利的摩擦织构类型单一，仅使两种织构简单组合，且并没有说明织构的适用工况，无法对其进行进一步的实际应用。
但是，上述专利虽然在一定程度上解决了在车削过程中的绿色冷却润滑问题或刀具的耐磨性问题亦或开发了新型的内冷刀具，但是仍存在一定程度的缺陷或对其他必要问题的合理解决。
内冷刀具具有导热系数较小的难加工材料在加工过程中换热不足的问题，导热系数较低的材料加工过程中，由于其导热系数较低，其热量不能及时传递出，因此很容易造成加工表面烧伤或切屑在高温下与道具共同作用造成粘附，降低了刀具的加工性能和加工精度。
发明内容
本说明书实施方式的目的是提供电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其实现了带雾化效果的可转向内冷喷头设计，进而实现了微量润滑液的精准可控供给。
本说明书实施方式提供电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
内冷车刀刀柄、可调向喷嘴及内冷车刀刀片；
所述内冷车刀刀柄作为承载装置，其一端设置有内冷车刀刀片，所述内冷车刀刀片与承载该刀片的内冷车刀刀柄的结构之间设置有内冷车刀刀垫；
所述内冷车刀刀柄为电卡材料，外接电场，且内部和外部均包覆有导热性良好的绝缘涂层；
所述内冷车刀刀柄上还设置有内冷车刀刀片压紧装置，所述内冷车刀刀片压紧装置将所述内冷车刀刀片压紧在所述内冷车刀刀柄上；
所述内冷车刀刀片前刀面上加工有织构；
所述内冷车刀刀片压紧装置为中空结构，其上还设置有可调向喷嘴，所述内冷车刀刀片压紧装置与可调向喷嘴内部通道相连通。
本说明书实施方式提供纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
机床工作系统、电卡刀柄散热片移动系统、微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述机床工作系统上安装有微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述电卡刀柄散热片移动系统安装在车刀刀架上，主要为电卡材料制成的车刀刀柄提供散热；
所述微量润滑供给系统主要为织构车刀部件提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液；
所述织构车刀部件为上述电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，安装在所述机床工作系统中的工件旋转运动，所述织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
本说明书实施方式提供纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺方法，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
将调配好的微量润滑油或纳米流体微量润滑油倒入微量润滑供给系统中；
织构车刀部件需要安装在机床工作系统之中，并做好定位与夹紧；
工件亦需要安装在机床工作系统之上，并做好定位与夹紧工作；
在切削参数确定后，将车床加工参数输入至微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，控制智能供给电机运动，带动齿轮齿条传动机构，进而调节切削用量，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给；
在工件被加工过程中，工件始终保持旋转运动，而织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
与现有技术相比，本公开的有益效果是：
本公开的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，实现了带雾化效果的可转向内冷喷头设计，进而实现了微量润滑液的精准可控供给。内冷的以降低温度和强换热从而提升刀具寿命突出问题。
本公开使用纳米流体微量润滑；即将纳米粒子加入到微量润滑油中，再加入分散剂得到稳定、分散性好的纳米流体。利用纳米粒子的优良换热性能，降低高温区的温度。
本公开使用织构刀具；由于车刀表面加工织构后，能够降低摩擦区的摩擦系数，进而降低由于摩擦所产生的热能；
本公开使用内冷车刀，利用内冷车刀特殊供液路线，将更多的纳米流体微量润滑油带入至产热区。因此，其应用能大幅降低切削温度、清理微细切屑和提高刀具寿命。
本公开内冷车刀结构制造精度和装配精度较高，而且，由于车刀的尺寸本身不大，所以内冷车刀的供液通道尺寸与内冷车刀相匹配。
由于内冷车刀的供液位置离实际需要润滑冷却的前刀面、刀屑摩擦区较近，因此，其冷却润滑效果好。
本公开的纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺系统，通过微量润滑的形式解决了传统润滑方式的污染环境、危害人的健康及增加了制造成本等问题，实现了环保型的切削力的降低和切削热的传递；另一方面，表面织构能够提高摩擦副的摩擦性能主要是表面织构的微坑或凹痕能够起到储油器的作用，能够及时使摩擦副表面形成润滑膜，从而减少摩擦副表面的摩擦磨损，增加了工艺系统中车刀的使用寿命。因此，综合上述各种作用，本发明实现了寿命长、能耗低的绿色制造。
本公开的纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺方法，通过纳米流体微量润滑和织构刀具的耦合作用，可以实现对各种切削加工材料包括难加工材料的低损伤、低能耗的绿色去除。通过切削力的指数方程建立，对刀具的切削参数进行理论指导。将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给装置的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给。本公开集成了车刀磨损状态图像采集装置和刀具温度监测装置，提升了整个加工系统的智能程度与加工过程的可控性，降低了加工工件的不合格率。
对不同微观润滑状态进行分析，将润滑工况与织构类型结合。寻找到了微观状态下的最佳润滑工况，即纳米流体微量润滑与微织构相耦合的润滑工况。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1为本公开实施例子一的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀及其供给装置整体结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例子一的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀整体结构示意图；
图3(a)为本公开实施例子一的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀爆炸示意图；
图3(b)为本公开实施例子一的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀中销钉结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例子一带流体通道的压板零件雾化部分剖视图；
图5(a)为本公开实施例子一电卡辅助内冷织构车刀剖视图；
图5(b)为本公开实施例子一电卡辅助内冷织构车刀的内冷车刀刀片结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例子一内冷车刀电卡刀柄散热片移动系统示意图；
图7为本公开实施例子一内冷车刀电卡刀柄散热片移动系统工作周期循环示意图；
图8位本公开实施例子二纳米流体微量润滑车削工艺系统示意图；
图9为本公开实施例子二机床轴测视图；
图10为本公开实施例子二微量润滑供给系统结构爆炸图；
图11为本公开实施例子微量润滑智能化供给示意图；
图12为本公开实施例子车刀受力示意图；
图13为本公开实施例子车刀受力坐标分析示意图；
图14为本公开实施例子不同类型的织构形式示意图；
图15(a)-图15(b)为本公开实施例子车削加工过程中毛细现象原理图及局部放大图；
图16(a)-图16(c)为本公开实施例子干切削状态、浇注式或微量润滑状态、纳米流体微量润滑状态下微观示意图；
图17为本公开实施例子三角形截面织构剖视示意图；
图18为本公开实施例子四边形截面织构剖视示意图；
图19为本公开实施例子椭圆形截面织构剖视示意图；
图中，I-机床工作系统，II-工件，III-织构车刀部件，IV-微量润滑供给系统，V-车刀磨损状态监测系统，VII-电卡刀柄散热片移动系统；
I-1-主轴箱，I-2-调节旋钮，I-3-工件夹紧装置，I-4-机床导轨，I-5-车刀部件，I-6-顶尖，I-7-顶尖固定旋钮，I-8-丝杠电动机，I-9-机床尾架座，I-10-机床尾架，I-11-旋转刀架部件，I-12-纵向丝杠电动机，I-13-机床床身；
III-1-可调向喷嘴，III-2-内冷车刀刀片压紧装置，III-3-内冷车刀定位销钉，III-4-3-主后刀面，III-4-2-前刀面，III-4-1-副后刀面，III-4-内冷车刀刀片，III-5-内冷车刀刀垫，III-6-内冷车刀刀柄，III-7-内冷车刀气管接头，III-8-喷嘴密封圈，III-9-内冷车刀密封螺钉，III-10-车刀密封螺钉密封圈，III-11-上密封螺钉，III-12-上密封圈，III-1-1-可调向喷嘴气体通道，III-1-2-可调向喷嘴润滑油通道，III-4-a-开放织构形式，III-4-b-混合织构形式，III-4-c-封闭织构形式，III-4-d-半开放式织构形式；
IV-1-箱体，IV-2-油杯接头，IV-3-油杯，IV-4-固定螺钉，IV-5-垫圈，IV-6-固定螺钉，IV-7润滑泵固定盖,IV-8-精密微量润滑泵，IV-9-气量调节旋钮，IV-10-三通，IV-11-电磁阀，IV-12-气源处理器，IV-13-进气接口，IV-14-双向接头，IV-15-频率发生器，IV-16-管道，IV-17-管道，IV-18-管道，IV-19-油量调节旋钮，IV-20-润滑泵出口接头，IV-21-智能供给齿轮，IV-22-智能供给电机脚架，IV-23-智能供给电机座，IV-24-智能供给滑轨齿条，IV-25-智能供给电机；
VI-1-切屑，VI-2-纳米粒子，VI-3-织构车刀，VI-4-微量润滑油，VI-5-微小切屑，VI-6-微观毛细通道；
VII-1-散热板，VII-2-气缸，VII-3-上进气管，VII-4-下进气管。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例子一
该实施例公开了电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，参见附图1-7所示，织构内冷车刀包括可调向喷嘴III-1，内冷车刀刀片压紧装置III-2，内冷车刀定位销钉III-3，内冷车刀刀片III-4，内冷车刀刀垫III-5，内冷车刀刀柄III-6，内冷车刀气管接头III-7，喷嘴密封圈III-8，内冷车刀密封螺钉III-9，车刀密封螺钉密封圈III-10，可调向喷嘴气体通道III-1-1，可调向喷嘴润滑油通道III-1-2。
内冷车刀刀片III-4为车削加工主要工作部分，工件在工作时做旋转运动，内冷车刀刀片III-4做直线进给运动；此时会在刀具主切削刃和工件之间产生剪切，从而产生切屑，切屑与车刀刀片前刀面会产生摩擦；而车刀刀片的后刀面会和工件的已加工表面产生摩擦。
图5(b)为内冷车刀刀片的具体结构，包括主后刀面III-4-3，前刀面III-4-2，副后刀面III-4-1。图5(a)为本公开实施例子一电卡辅助内冷织构车刀剖视图。
在具体实施例子中，内冷车刀刀垫III-5为与内冷车刀刀片III-4形状相同，厚度尺寸和中心孔尺寸不同。其主要是防止内冷车刀刀片III-4承受的切削抗力太大而变形，将内冷车刀刀片III-4受到的切削抗力平均的通过内冷车刀刀垫III-5传递到内冷车刀刀柄III-6上。
内冷车刀刀柄III-6为内冷车刀刀片III-4和内冷车刀刀垫III-5的承载装置，其主要作用是将织构内冷车刀各部件固连在一起，再通过螺栓固连在机床系统的旋转刀架部件I-11上。
内冷车刀定位销钉III-3为特制销钉，用于定位内冷车刀刀片III-4和内冷车刀刀垫III-5。
此处所提到的特制销钉并非材料等的特制或特殊处理，称其为特制销钉主要原因是销钉作为拥有生产标准的机械零部件，其结构与形状尺寸在实际生产中有一定标准。而本公开所使用的销钉虽然在功能上与标准件相同，但是在结构上还是与传统销钉标准件存在区别，即非标准件，故而在此成为特制销钉。特制销钉的结构图见图3(b)所示。图3(a)为本公开实施例子一的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀爆炸示意图。
本实施例子的压紧装置与现有的不同，现有的压紧装置只能够提供压紧作用，而不能够提供其他作用。而本公开所涉及的压紧装置在提供压紧作用的同时，还能够作为气体和微量润滑液管的流通装置。
内冷车刀刀片压紧装置III-2为内冷车刀刀片III-4的压紧装置，通过其压住外冷车刀刀片，起到夹紧的作用。其与内冷车刀密封螺钉III-9通过螺纹连接固连在一起。内冷车刀密封螺钉III-9与内冷车刀刀柄III-6之间设置有车刀密封螺钉密封圈III-10，且该零件为中空，可以使气体和微量润滑液管通过。
在内冷车刀密封螺钉III-9、内冷车刀刀柄III-6、上密封螺钉III-11、上密封圈III-12的共同作用下，车刀通道的压缩气体和液管均能够流通至可调向喷嘴III-1。内冷车刀密封螺钉III-9为车刀故障的检修提供保证，进而提升了部件整体的使用寿命。
可调向喷嘴III-1为带雾化装置的可调向的内冷车刀喷嘴，该喷嘴包括可调向喷嘴气体通道III-1-1，可调向喷嘴润滑油通道III-1-2，可以使气体和微量润滑油混合雾化。车刀密封螺钉密封圈III-10和内冷车刀密封螺钉III-9为标准件，用于密封织构内冷车刀的气体通道。
内冷车刀气管接头III-7为微量润滑供给装置和内冷车刀润滑液接口的连接装置，其一端连接内冷车刀刀柄III-6，一端连接微量润滑供给系统IV的管路。
内冷车刀刀片其前刀面上加工有具有一定面密度、宽度、深度的织构，织构包括开放式织构、半开放式织构、封闭织构和混合式织构。
其中，开放式织构为织构内流体可在织构中自由流动，即既可在一方向运动，亦在与该方向成一定角度方向上流动。
半开放式织构表示织构内流体只可在织构的作用下做单向运动。
封闭织构为织构内流体不会向其他方向运动。
混合式织构为开放式、半开放式、封闭式织构两两组合或三种共同存在。
在工作时，再参见图5(a)所示，由微量润滑供给系统IV的气液混合出口IV-5流出的液管最终经内冷车刀刀柄III-6、内冷车刀刀片压紧装置III-2进入到可调向喷嘴气体通道III-1-1。
压缩空气经内冷车刀气管接头III-7，进入到内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀片压紧装置III-2，最终到达可调向喷嘴润滑油通道III-1-2处，与液管共同作用产生微量润滑油的雾化液滴。
该实施例子中的新型内冷车刀部件，实现了带雾化效果的可转向内冷喷头设计和电卡辅助制冷，进而实现了微量润滑液的精准可控供给和刀片良好冷却。
实施例子二
该实施例公开了本说明书实施方式提供纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统，参见附图8-11所示，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
机床工作系统、微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述机床工作系统上安装有微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述微量润滑供给系统主要为织构车刀部件提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液；
所述织构车刀部件为上述电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，安装在所述机床工作系统中的工件旋转运动，所述织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
机床工作系统II可以为普通车床，也可为数控车床，本发明以普通车床为例对整个工艺系统进行描述，在组成部分或结构相同的情况下，数控车床的工艺系统仍然属于本发明的内容。工件II即需要加工的零件，一般为回转类零件。织构车刀部件III主要为车削加工的切削部分。微量润滑供给装置IV主要为织构车刀部件III提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液。
在一实施例子中，还包括车刀磨损状态监测系统V，车刀磨损状态监测系统V集成了红外热像仪采集模块和图像采集装置，可对车刀的磨损状态和车刀部件的温度进行监控。
在加工初始位置时，车刀磨损状态监测系统V的图像采集装置对车刀初始状态进行采集，并储存在存储器中，当一个零件加工完成后，车刀回到初始位置，图像采集装置对车刀刀片进行图像采集，并与初始状态车刀图像进行分块图像比较。通过分块图像对比和数据加权累加后，得到车刀磨损状态参考值，根据参考值可与被加工工件精度要求对应的车刀磨损阈值进行大小比较，从而决定是否更换车刀。所述加权累加，即将靠近车刀刀刃部分的磨损赋予更高的权重，远离车刀刀刃部分的磨损赋予更低的权重，累计相加后得到车刀磨损状态参考值。
在另一实施例子中，还包括电卡刀柄散热片移动系统，该电卡刀柄散热片移动系统包括散热板、下进气管、气缸及上进气管。
具体的，散热板下方设置有气缸，气缸的数量可以为两个，每个气缸分别连接至上进气管及下进气管。
电卡刀柄散热片移动系统为周期循环对电卡材料制成的车刀刀柄进行周期性通电，并且散热片跟随周期内移动，具体如下：
1、在内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀垫III-5内施加电场，由于电场的作用，内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀垫III-5内的偶极子会有序排列，从而整个部件的熵值减小，进而温度上升。
2、电场保持不变，由于熵值减小所造成的温升由散热板VII-1散出，散热板VII-1的下进气管VII-4工作，推动气缸VII-2向前移动，散热板VII-1与内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀垫III-5接触，将内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀垫III-5的热量传递给散热板VII-1。
3、将电场移除，同时上进气管VII-3通气，将气缸VII-2顶回，此时，由于电场的撤出，导致内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀垫III-5的偶极子无序排布，从而熵值增大，温度降低。
4、电场仍处于被移除状态，此时内冷车刀刀柄III-6和内冷车刀刀垫III-5的温度低于内冷车刀刀片III-4，热量转移到车刀刀柄处。
由此循环往复，从而实现部件温度的降低。
整个系统的工作流程：在整个系统工作之前需要先将调配好的微量润滑油或纳米流体微量润滑油倒入微量润滑供给系统IV中，织构车刀部件III需要安装在机床工作系统I之中，并做好定位与夹紧。此外，工件II亦需要安装在机床工作系统I之上，并做好定位与夹紧工作。
需要说明的是，微量润滑和纳米流体微量润滑的区别在于，纳米流体微量润滑是在微量润滑油的基础之上添加纳米粒子以及分散剂，从而将纳米粒子均匀、稳定地分散在微量润滑油这一液体介质中，形成分散性好、稳定性高、持久及低团聚的纳米流体。
在工件II被加工过程中，工件II始终保持旋转运动，而织构车刀部件III在机床工作系统I的作用下做直线运动。织构车刀部件III与工件II产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件II材料的去除。
参见附图9所示，车削机床工作系统I包括主轴箱I-1，调节旋钮I-2，工件夹紧装置I-3，机床导轨I-4，车刀部件I-5，顶尖I-6，顶尖固定旋钮I-7，丝杠电动机I-8，尾架座I-9，机床尾架I-10，旋转刀架部件I-11，纵向丝杠电动机I-12。机床床身I-13主要为铸铁材质，经铸造工艺加工而成，主要作用是将各部件连接在一起，并使机床工作系统I稳定固定在地面上。主轴箱I-1为车削机床工作系统I的复杂传动部件，其主要作用是实现工件夹紧装置I-3的旋转运动，实现工件夹紧装置I-3的不同转速、工件夹紧装置I-3的启动停止、工件夹紧装置I-3旋转方向的变换等。调节旋钮I-2的旋转可以调节主轴箱I-1的传动机构控制工件夹紧装置I-3的启动停止、转速及旋转方向的改变。工件夹紧装置I-3可根据实际零件加工的工艺需求选取三爪卡盘、四爪卡盘或花盘等装置；其主要作用是定心夹紧。旋转刀架部件I-11主要作用为安装固定织构车刀部件III。其可以同时安装四把刀具。其原理是通过螺栓将织构车刀部件III固定在旋转刀架部件I-11上。旋转刀架部件I-11的纵向运动依靠纵向丝杠电动机I-12带动丝杠运动完成。机床导轨I-4与旋转刀架部件I-11的工作台精密配合， 从而实现旋转刀架部件I-11的横向运动。丝杠电动机I-8为丝杠旋转运动的动力来源。机床尾架座I-9与机床导轨I-4精密配合实现机床尾架I-10在导轨上的直线移动。顶尖固定旋钮I-7为顶尖I-6的固定旋钮，通过旋转顶尖固定旋钮I-7将顶尖I-6与机床尾架座I-9相对静止。顶尖I-6为车削加工过程的辅助装置，当车削加工细长轴时，可以通过机床顶尖I-6顶住细长轴，减小细长轴在加工过程中的震颤，提高被加工工件的加工精度。顶尖I-6可换为钻刀进行工件的钻削加工，亦或为其他类型的刀具用于对工件进行回转加工。工件II一般为棒料，也可为盘、套或其他具有回转表面的工件，如内外圆柱面、内外圆锥面、端面、沟槽、螺纹和回转成形面等。
如图10所示，微量润滑供给系统IV包括箱体IV-1、油杯接头IV-2、油杯IV-3、固定螺钉IV-4、垫圈IV-5、固定螺钉IV-6、润滑泵固定盖IV-7、精密微量润滑泵IV-8、气量调节旋钮IV-9、三通IV-10、电磁阀IV-11、气源处理器IV-12、进气接口IV-13、双向接头IV-14、频率发生器IV-15、管道IV-16、管道IV-17、管道IV-18、油量调节旋钮IV-19、润滑泵出口接头IV-20、智能供给齿轮IV-21、智能供给电机脚架IV-22、智能供给电机座IV-23、智能供给滑轨齿条IV-24、智能供给电机IV-25。进气接口IV-13固定于气源处理器IV-12上，高压气体由进气接口IV-13进入气源处理器IV-12过滤，为润滑系统提供高压气体，气源处理器IV-12通过双向接头IV-14接在电磁阀IV-11上，控制气体的进入，电磁阀IV-11出口处接一个三通IV-10，高压气体通过三通IV-10的一个出口管道IV-16进入频率发生器IV-15，通过频率发生器IV-15来控制气体的输入频率，高压气体从频率发生器IV-15出来后通过管道IV-17进入精密微量润滑泵IV-8；另外，高压气体通过三通IV-10的另一个出口管道IV-18进入精密微量润滑泵IV-8，油杯接头IV-2一端通过螺纹连接IV-2，另一端通过螺纹连接润滑泵固定盖IV-7，润滑泵固定盖IV-7通过2个固定螺钉IV-6连接精密微量润滑泵IV-8，润滑泵固定盖IV-7通过2个固定螺钉IV-4和垫圈IV-5固定在箱体IV-1上，通过调节气量调节旋钮IV-9来调节高压气体的气量，通过调节油量调节旋钮IV-19调节润滑油的油量，最后通过润滑泵出口接头IV-20连接喷嘴接头IV-6向切削系统IV提供润滑油。
智能供给齿轮IV-21通过键连接与智能供给电机IV-25相连接，智能供给电机IV-25通过螺栓连接安装在智能供给电机脚架IV-22上，智能供给电机脚架IV-22通过螺栓连接固连在智能供给电机座IV-23上，智能供给电机座IV-23焊接固连在箱体IV-1上。智能供给滑轨齿条IV-24焊接固连在箱体IV-1上，并与智能供给齿轮IV-21配合传动。
所述微量润滑智能调节供给系统可以根据实际加工通过电机带动齿轮齿条部件，进而调节供给量旋钮从而实现微量润滑油供给量参数的智能调节。
微量润滑供给系统IV其基本原理为利用气动将微量润滑油脉冲性(即间隔性)的输运至喷嘴处，再在喷嘴或者内冷车刀处雾化，喷射到指定位置。
在一实施例子中，参见图11所示，微量润滑智能化供给在实现时：可以通过微型计算机模块将长期实践经验的切削参数对应的微量润滑油供给系统供给量输入至控制单元的存储器中，更换加工参数时，将参数输入至信号输入器中，对应的存储器中的数据提取到供给量，再对微量润滑供给装置的机械装置调节旋钮进行调节从而调节供给量。
如图12，13所示，切削过程的受力为切削力F Z、背向力F Y、进给力F X。
切削力的指数公式是通过大量实验，由测力仪测得切削力后，所得数据用数学方法进行处理，就可以得出计算切削力的经验公式。
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000003
F Z—切削力；
F Y—背向力；
F X—进给力；
C Fz、C Fy、C Fx—决定于被加工金属和切削条件的系数
X Fz、Y Fz、n Fz、X Fy、Y Fy、n Fy、X Fx、Y Fx、n Fx—分别为三个分力公式中，背吃刀量a p、进给量f和切削速度v的指数；
K Fz、K Fy、K Fx—分别为三个分力计算中，当实际加工条件与所求得经验公式的条件不符时，各种因素对切削力的修正系数的积。
指数方程的建立：
影响切削力的因素有很多，单是当被加工材料确定后，影响切削力的主要因素有背吃刀量a p和进给量f。一般情况下，将主要因素纳入经验公式，而将其他因素作为经验公式的修正系数。
当进行切削力的实验时，保持所有对切削力有影响的因素不变，只改变背吃刀量a p进行实验，测力仪测得不同背吃刀量a p时，若干切削分力的数据，将所得到的数据画在双对数坐标纸上，则近似为一条直线。其数学方程：
Y＝a+bX
式中：
Y＝lg F z—主切削力F Z的对数；
X＝lg a p—背吃刀量a p的对数；
a＝lg C ap—对数坐标上F Z-a p直线上的纵向截距；
b＝tgα＝x Fz—双对数坐标上F Z-a p直线的斜率。
a和α均可由图13直接测得
因此，上式可以改写为：
lg F z＝lg C ap+x Fz lg a p
整理后可以得到：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000004
同理可以得到切削力F Z与进给量f的关系式
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000005
式中：
C f—双对数坐标系上，F Z-f直线的纵截距；
y Fz—F Z-f直线的斜率。
综合上述两式，以及各个其他次要因素对F Z的影响，就可以得出计算切削力的经验公式：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000006
C FZ—决定于被加工材料和切削条件的系数；可用实际实验数据代入公式后求得；
K Fz—实际加工条件与求得经验公式的条件不符时，各种影响因素对切削力的修正系数之积。
同理，可求得进给力F X和背向力F Y的经验公式。
上述过程可以在车刀设计完成后，对切削力进行预测，从而对合理的切削参数选择提供技术指导。
在切削参数背吃刀量a p、进给量f和切削速度v确定后，将车床加工参数输入至微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给装置的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给。
或者当该工作系统为数控车削加工系统时，将微量润滑供给装置与数控系统相连接，读取数控系统编程代码，然后根据编程代码规则，提取识别代码中背吃刀量a p、进给量f和切削速度v等参数，并将参数反馈到纳米流体微量润滑供给装置，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给装置的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给。
如图14所示，本发明将织构形式分为开放织构形式III-4-a，混合织构形式III-4-b，封闭织构形式III-4-c，半开放式织构形式III-4-d。织构的摩擦学特性与其面密度(织构面积比上该区域内的总面积)、深度、宽度有关，各形式的织构可以通过仿真软件进行分析后，进入摩擦磨损实验机上进行摩擦磨损实验，寻找最佳的织构面密度、织构深度和织构宽度。下文中所述二次润滑功能，即润滑液在织构区域中储存后，在外界作用下，将润滑液供给到切削区(刀/屑摩擦区域)的作用；容屑功能，即在切削过程中的微小切屑会被带入到织构凹槽，并起到储存的作用，从而减少其余刀具的摩擦和磨损。所述开放式织构III-4-a为织构内流体可在织构中自由流动，即既可在一方向运动，亦在与该方向成一定角度方向上流动。所述半开放式织构III-4-d表示织构内流体只可在织构的作用下做单向运动。所述封闭织构III-4-c为织构内流体不会向其他方向运动。所述混合式织构III-4-b为开放式、半开放式、封闭式织构两两组合或三种共同存在。包含且不局限于图示。
开放织构形式III-4-a相对于半开放式织构形式III-4-d、混合织构形式III-4-b以及封闭织构 形式III-4-c具有更加优异的润滑液流通特性，在加工过程中更容易实现“二次润滑”：即具有液体输运通道的微结构，将织构凹陷处的微量润滑油供给切屑/刀具摩擦区域，从而降低磨损。而封闭织构形式III-4-c相对于开放织构形式III-4-a有更好的加工工艺性，即制作简单，但是长期使用容易造成织构被固体纳米粒子和微小切屑堵塞，导致纳米流体微量润滑液中的液体润滑剂无法发挥作用，但是其在实际生产中更容易制作。半开放式织构形式III-4-d同时具有封闭织构形式III-4-c和开放织构形式III-4-a的优缺点，其既有微量润滑油的半流动通道，又便于加工。由于垂直于切屑方向能够将织构的储油或“二次润滑”功能得到最大限度的发挥，所以垂直于切屑方向的的半开放式织构的抗磨减摩性能相对于其他方向的半开放式织构形式III-4-d更加优异。但是其液体流动性不如开放织构形式III-4-a。混合织构形式III-4-b加工复杂，且在长期使用中容易造成混合织构形式III-4-b中的封闭部分容易堵塞。制作者可根据实际需求选取合适的织构加工形式。
如图15(a)-图15(b)所示，在实际加工过程中，在织构车刀VI-3和切屑VI-1之间由于切屑VI-1上硬质点的滑擦，会产生细长的微观毛细通道VI-6，当这些微观毛细通道VI-6与外界相连通时，微观尺度的毛细流动可以使切削液渗透到摩擦区域，从而使得微量润滑油的润滑效果得到有效的提升。毛细流动是一种自发运动，无需外力驱动。
由于微量润滑供给系统IV所供给的微量润滑油是以气动雾化后的小液滴的形式供给的，所以这些液滴具有较快的速度，更加容易进入到微观毛细通道VI-6中。又因为本工艺系统采用的是织构车刀VI-3，微观毛细通道VI-6更加容易与外界相连通，因此，在双重作用耦合之下，整个切削加工过程中，既有微观毛细通道VI-6，又有微织构的切削液储存通道，从而使得微量润滑油在本装置中发挥最大的润滑作用，降低摩擦系数和切削力，可以使得单位材料去除所需要的能量明显下降，提升了能量利用率。
如图16(a)-图16(c)所示，对在纳米流体微量润滑工况下的织构车刀VI-3/切屑VI-1摩擦界面分析，可得到纳米流体微量润滑和微织构刀具的耦合作用如下：
1.在经过雾化的微量润滑油VI-4在切屑/车刀摩擦区域也低铺展开形成区域润滑油膜或稳定的平面油膜，也会降低摩擦区域的摩擦系数，降低织构车刀VI-3/切屑VI-1摩擦区域之间的磨损和切削力，从而增加了整个系统的寿命。在纳米流体微量润滑工况下，由于纳米粒子VI-2的存在使得微量润滑油在织构车刀VI-3与切屑VI-1摩擦界面的物理润滑油膜的产生更加容易，从而降低摩擦接触区的摩擦系数，改善表面加工质量。同时纳米粒子的类轴承作用，提高了整体的润滑性能。
2.在没有任何润滑剂添加的情况下，织构已经表现出了优异的耐磨性能。而在纳米流体微量润滑工况下，织构车刀VI-3的织构凹槽的存在一方面可以储存微量润滑油VI-4，可以在摩擦区域润滑状况不好时及时向摩擦区域供给微量润滑油VI-4，即二次润滑效应，对润滑起到增益效果；另一方面可以储存摩擦接触区产生的微小切屑VI-5，减少了由于这些微小切屑VI-5而产生的摩擦磨损。
3.纳米粒子的强换热能力可以及时将切削区热量带走，避免了工件的烧伤损害。
在上述两个方面的共同作用之下，本工艺系统能够很好地保证加工工件的表面完整性，提高工艺系统的使用寿命，实现了绿色制造。
微量润滑形式与纳米流体微量润滑有所不同，由于缺少纳米粒子的存在，一方面在加工时相较于纳米流体微量润滑有更低的换热能力这种润滑工况不适用于加工热导率较低的材料或加工持续温度高的材料，虽然在此种润滑形式下，织构能够提供二次润滑和容屑的作用，然而换热能力的不足导致其在加工时容易产生烧伤。
浇注式润滑工况下与微量润滑相似，但由于其能够持续大量的供液，其换热能力稍优于微量润滑。织构均能够提供二次润滑和容屑的作用。浇注式润滑会将大量切削液以液体射流的方式进入到切削区，然而，浇注式容易引起油疹、毛囊炎等危害，会产生致癌物质，违背了绿色加工的理念。
干切削工况下，即没有外加任何润滑工况的切削状态下，织构只能够提供容屑的作用而不能提供二次润滑作用，同时，换热能力也是一大使用阻碍。
如图17，18，19所示，各类型织构截面可为任意可制作出的二维形状，如三边形、四边形、多边形、半圆形和半椭圆形等。下面对各形状参数与应用情况进行分析：
三边形截面。该形状相较于其他形状有更低的容油、容屑区，即在同等深度的情况下，三角形不利于二次润滑和容屑。其形状参数主要包括左边倾角β、右边倾角α、织构宽度d以及深度h。其中左边为接近刀尖的三角形边。右边倾角α越大，代表织构凹槽的容屑能力越强。
设织构面积S，织构面密度φ，该截面下的储油和容屑体积V △
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000007
四边形截面。相较于其他形状可以有更大的容油、容屑区，即在同等深度的情况下，四边形截面有利于润滑油和微细切屑的储存。其形状参数主要包括左边倾角β、右边倾角α、上织构宽度d 1、下织构宽度d 2以及深度h。
设织构面积S，织构面密度φ，该截面下的储油和容屑体积V □
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000008
椭圆形截面。在同等深度的情况下椭圆截面的容油、容屑区的面积适中，但是其槽内润滑液受到冲击时，相对于四边形截面更容易制作，其性能也介于四边形截面和三角形截面之间。其形状参数包d和h。
设织构面积S，织构面密度φ，该截面下的储油和容屑体积V ○
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000009
处于微通道中的纳米流体具有如下性质：
纳米流体的密度：ρ nf＝(1-φ)ρ f+φρ p
ρ nf—纳米流体的密度
φ—体积分数
ρ f—基液的密度
ρ p—纳米粒子的密度
纳米流体的动力粘度：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000010
μ nf—纳米流体的动力粘度
μ f—基液的动力粘度
运动粘度：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000011
v nf—纳米流体的运动粘度
热导率：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000012
k nf—纳米流体的热导率
k p—纳米粒子的热导率
k f—基液的热导率
比热容：(ρc p) nf＝(1-φ)(ρc p) f+φ(ρc p) p
(ρc p) nf—纳米流体的比热容
(ρc p) f—基液的比热容
(ρc p) p—纳米粒子的比热容
Reynolds数计算式：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000013
Re—雷诺数
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000014
—平均流速
D h—微通道的当量直径
v—运动粘度
其中
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000015
M—质量流量
N—微通道数
A c—微通道截面积
摩擦阻力系数
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000016
f—摩擦阻力系数
Δp—压差
D h—微通道当量直径
L—微通道长度
换热特性Prandtl数：
Figure PCTCN2020074387-appb-000017
P r—换热特性Prandtl数
c p—比定压热容
k—工质热导率
纳米流体带走的总热量：Q＝Mc p(T o-T i)
Q—纳米流体带走的总热量
T o—纳米流体的出口温度
T i—纳米流体的初始温度
可以理解的是，在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一实施例”、“另一实施例”、“其他实施例”、或“第一实施例～第N实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其特征是，包括：
    内冷车刀刀柄、可调向喷嘴及内冷车刀刀片；
    所述内冷车刀刀柄作为承载装置，其一端设置有内冷车刀刀片，所述内冷车刀刀片与承载该刀片的内冷车刀刀柄的结构之间设置有内冷车刀刀垫；
    所述内冷车刀刀柄为电卡材料，外接电场，且内部和外部均包覆有导热性良好的绝缘涂层；
    所述内冷车刀刀柄上还设置有内冷车刀刀片压紧装置，所述内冷车刀刀片压紧装置将所述内冷车刀刀片压紧在所述内冷车刀刀柄上；
    所述内冷车刀刀片前刀面上加工有织构；
    所述内冷车刀刀片压紧装置为中空结构，其上还设置有可调向喷嘴，所述内冷车刀刀片压紧装置与可调向喷嘴内部通道相连通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其特征是，包括：所述内冷车刀刀垫及内冷车刀刀片形状相同，厚度尺寸和中心孔尺寸不同。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其特征是，所述内冷车刀刀片和内冷车刀刀垫通过内冷车刀定位销钉定位。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其特征是，内冷车刀刀片压紧装置与所述内冷车刀刀柄之间通过内冷车刀密封螺钉固定连接，所述内冷车刀密封螺钉为中空。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其特征是，所述可调向喷嘴包括可调向喷嘴气体通道及可调向喷嘴润滑油通道，可以使气体和微量润滑油混合雾化。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，其特征是，所述织构为开放式织构、半开放式织构、封闭织构或混合式织构。
  7. 纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统，其特征是，包括：
    机床工作系统、电卡刀柄散热片移动系统、微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
    所述机床工作系统上安装有微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
    所述电卡刀柄散热片移动系统安装在车刀刀架上，主要为电卡材料制成的车刀刀柄提供散热；
    所述微量润滑供给系统主要为织构车刀部件提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液；
    所述织构车刀部件为权利要求1-5任一所述的电卡辅助内冷织构车刀，安装在所述机床工作系统中的工件旋转运动，所述织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统，其特征是，所述电卡刀柄散热片移动系统包括散热板、下进气管、气缸及上进气管；散热板下方设置有气缸，气缸的数量可以为两个，每个气缸分别连接至上进气管及下进气管；
    所述电卡刀柄散热片移动系统为周期循环对电卡材料制成的车刀刀柄进行周期性通电，并且散热板跟随周期内移动。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统，其特征是，还包括车刀磨损状态监测系统，车刀磨损状态监测系统集成了红外热像仪采集模块和图像采集装置，分别对车刀的磨损状态和车刀部件的温度进行监控。
  10. 基于权利要求7-9任一所述的纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统的控制方法，其特征是，包括：
    将调配好的微量润滑油或纳米流体微量润滑油倒入微量润滑供给系统中；
    织构车刀部件需要安装在机床工作系统之中，并做好定位与夹紧；
    工件亦需要安装在机床工作系统之上，并做好定位与夹紧工作；
    在切削参数确定后，将车床加工参数输入至微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，控制智能供给电机运动，带动齿轮齿条传动机构，进而调节切削用量，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给；
    在工件被加工过程中，工件始终保持旋转运动，而织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺系统的控制方法，其特征是，在工件加工初始位置时，对车刀初始状态进行采集，并进行储存；
    当一个工件加工完成后，车刀回到初始位置，对车刀刀片进行图像采集，并与初始状态车刀图像进行分块图像比较，通过分块图像对比和数据加权累加后，得到车刀磨损状态参考值；
    根据参考值与被加工工件精度要求对应的车刀磨损阈值进行大小比较，从而决定是否更换车刀；
    其中，数据加权累加，即将靠近车刀刀刃部分的磨损赋予更高的权重，远离车刀刀刃部分的磨损赋予更低的权重，累计相加后得到车刀磨损状态参考值。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺系统的控制方法，其特征是，还包括：
    在内冷车刀刀柄和内冷车刀刀垫内施加电场，由于电场的作用，内冷车刀刀柄和内冷车刀刀垫内的偶极子会有序排列，从而整个部件的熵值减小，进而温度上升；
    电场保持不变，由于熵值减小所造成的温升由散热板散出；
    将电场移除，此时，由于电场的撤出，导致内冷车刀刀柄和内冷车刀刀垫的偶极子无序排布，从而熵值增大，温度降低；
    电场仍处于被移除状态，此时内冷车刀刀柄和内冷车刀刀垫的温度低于内冷车刀刀片，热量转移到车刀刀柄处，循环往复，从而实现工件温度的降低。
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CN108214088A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-29 重庆大学 一种高性能智能化三相微量润滑系统及其使用方法
KR101941614B1 (ko) * 2018-09-18 2019-01-23 장귀현 인서트 홀더
CN109773225A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-21 哈尔滨理工大学 一种非等距织构精加工减磨车刀片
CN110116223A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-13 青岛理工大学 电卡辅助内冷织构车刀及纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统

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