WO2020236126A1 - Универсальная присадка - Google Patents

Универсальная присадка Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020236126A1
WO2020236126A1 PCT/UA2019/000082 UA2019000082W WO2020236126A1 WO 2020236126 A1 WO2020236126 A1 WO 2020236126A1 UA 2019000082 W UA2019000082 W UA 2019000082W WO 2020236126 A1 WO2020236126 A1 WO 2020236126A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
additive
carbamide
alcohols
boric acid
universal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2019/000082
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Юрий Тимофеевич ЦАПЕНКО
Original Assignee
Tsapenko Yurij Timopheevich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tsapenko Yurij Timopheevich filed Critical Tsapenko Yurij Timopheevich
Priority to DE112019007334.6T priority Critical patent/DE112019007334T5/de
Priority to US17/436,638 priority patent/US20220154090A1/en
Publication of WO2020236126A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020236126A1/ru

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/30—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms
    • C10M129/32—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C10M133/18—Amides; Imides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M133/20—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/24—Nitriles
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    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/0215—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms used as base material
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to petrochemical and chemical
  • This additive improves the combustion process, reduces wear of engine rubbing surfaces, reduces fuel consumption and the amount of incomplete combustion products.
  • a disadvantage of the known additive is the low catalytic activity in some fuels and lubricating oils.
  • the objective of the present invention is to develop a universal additive for all types of fuels and lubricating oils with increased catalytic capabilities.
  • the task is solved by improving the formulation of the additive.
  • the additive may additionally contain acetic acid or triethanolamine in the amount of 0.01 - 2.0% of the mass.
  • the additive may additionally contain acetylene in an amount of 0.01-0.1% of the mass.
  • Isopropyl alcohol or glycerin can be used as alcohols.
  • acrylic compounds acrylic acid, acrylonitrile or acrolein can be used.
  • the inventive additive is recommended for improving the combustion of liquid and solid fuels and for improving lubricants.
  • test results show that the proposed additive increases the combustion temperature, due to which the CO content in the exhaust is more effectively reduced as compared to the prototype additive.
  • the diameter of the wear spot in 1 hour was determined on a four-ball friction machine with a load of 392N and the fuel consumption of a Skoda car per 100 km of run at a speed of about 130 km / h (Table 6).
  • Table 2 Fuel samples with additive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Универсальная присадка к топливу и к смазочным материалам содержит спирты С2-С4, карбамид, борную кислоту, акриловые соединения и воду. Присадка обеспечивает улучшение полноты сгорания жидкого и твердого топлива, а также снижение его расхода и количества вредных выхлопов. В композициях смазочных масел присадка снижает износ трущихся поверхностей двигателей, а также расход топлива.

Description

УНИВЕРСАЛЬНАЯ ПРИСАДКА
Изобретение относится к нефтехимической и химической
промышленности, конкретно к присадкам к различным топливам и к смазочным материалам.
Известны присадки, которые повышают октановое число бензинов, улучшают топливную экономичность и повышают КПД двигателя (Патенты RU N» 2486229, UA NoJVo ] 15099, 1 15100 и другие).
Известна присадка к различным топливам и к смазочным материалам, которая содержит спирты, борную кислоту, карбамид (мочевину), нитросоединения углеводородов, триэтаноламин и воду при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс:
- алифатический спирт 1 - 98
- борная кислота 0,01 - 1
- карбамид (мочевину) 0, 1 - 40
- нитросоединения углеводородов 0,01 - 1
- триэтаноламин 0,01 - 2
- вода 0, 1 - 98 (Патент UA
1 19084).
Эта присадка улучшает процесс сгорания, снижает износ трущихся поверхностей двигателя, снижает затраты топлива и количество продуктов неполного сгорания топлива.
Недостатком известной присадки является слабая каталитическая активность в некоторых видах топлива и в смазочных маслах.
Задачей предлагаемого изобретения является разработка универсальной присадки для всех видов топлива и смазочных масел с повышенными каталитическими способностями.
Поставленная задача решается усовершенствованием рецептуры присадки.
Патентуется присадка на основе спиртов, карбамида (мочевины), борной кислоты и воды, в которую дополнительно вводят акриловые соединения при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс:
- спирты С2 - С4 1 - 92
- борная кислота 0,01 1
- карбамид (мочевина) 0, 1 - 40
- акриловые соединения 0,02 2
- вода 0, 1 - 98.
Присадка может дополнительно содержать уксусную кислоту или триэтаноламин в количестве 0,01 - 2,0 % масс.
Присадка может дополнительно содержать ацетилен в количестве 0,01 - 0, 1 % масс. В качестве спиртов могут использоваться изопропиловый спирт или глицерин.
В качестве акриловых соединений могут использоваться акриловая кислота, акрилонитрил или акролеин.
Заявляемая присадка рекомендуется для улучшения сгорания жидкого и твердого топлива и для улучшения смазочных материалов.
Было изготовлено 3 образца известной присадки 6 образцов заявляемой присадки.
Примеры состава приготовленных образцов приведены в таблице 1 .
Примеры состава дизельного топлива с известными присадками и с заявляемой универсальной присадкой приведены в таблице 2.
Испытания присадок в дизельном топливе проводились на прямоточном котле КСО мощностью 100 кВт, а испытания заявляемой присадки на буром угле проводились на сертифицированном экспериментальном стенде тепловой мощностью 10 кВт, который предназначен для исследования горения твердого топлива в топочном устройстве.
Результаты испытаний дизельного топлива приведены в таблице 4, а бурого угля - в таблице 5.
Результаты испытаний показывают, что предлагаемая присадка повышает температуру горения, за счет чего более эффективно снижается содержание СО в выхлопе по сравнению с присадкой прототипом.
Примеры состава смазочного масла с известной присадкой и с заявляемой универсальной присадкой приведены в таблице 3.
В процессе испытаний определены диаметр пятна износа за 1 час на четырех шариковой машине трения при нагрузке 392Н и расход топлива автомобилем Шкода на 100 км пробега при скорости около 130 км/час (таблица 6).
Результаты испытаний, приведенные в таблице 6, показали, что предлагаемая Универсальная присадка, по сравнению с прототипом, более эффективно снижает износ трущихся поверхностей и уменьшает расход топлива автомобилем. Таблица 1. Образцы присадок, содержание компонентов
Figure imgf000004_0001
Таблица 2 Образцы топлива с присадкой.
Figure imgf000004_0002
Таблица 3. Образцы смазочного масла с присадкой
Figure imgf000004_0003
Таблица 4 Результаты испытаний дизельного топлива с присадкой.
Figure imgf000005_0001
Таблица 5 Результаты испытаний угля с присадкой.
Figure imgf000005_0002
Таблица 6 Результаты испытаний масла с присадками.
Figure imgf000005_0003

Claims

ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ
1. Универсальная присадка к топливу и к смазочным материалам на основе
спиртов, борной кислоты, карбамида (мочевины) и воды, отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит акриловые соединения при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс:
- спирты С2-С4 1- 92
- карбамид (мочевина) 0, 1 - 40
- борная кислота 0,01 - 1
- акриловые соединения 0,02 - 2
- вода 0, 1 - 98
2. Присадка по п. 1 отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит уксусную кислоту в количестве 0,01 - 2,0 % масс.
3. Присадка по п. 1 отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит триэтаноламин в количестве 0,01 - 2,0 % масс.
4. Присадка по п. 1 отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит ацетилен в количестве 0,01 - 0,1 % масс.
PCT/UA2019/000082 2019-05-17 2019-06-20 Универсальная присадка WO2020236126A1 (ru)

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