WO2020234295A1

WO2020234295A1 - Manufacturing method comprising additive manufacturing of a shaped body, manufacture of a mold and thermal treatment

Info

Publication number: WO2020234295A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/063966
Authority: WO
Inventors: Olaf Rehme; Ralph Reiche
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2019-05-23
Filing date: 2020-05-19
Publication date: 2020-11-26
Also published as: DE102019207553A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component (10), which method comprises: a) the additive manufacturing of a shaped body (11) for the component (10), in particular from a powder bed (P); b) the forming of risers (12) and/or feeders (13) on the shaped body (11); c) the manufacturing of a mold (30) around the shaped body (11), the mold (30) being designed to keep the shaped body (11) dimensionally stable for a remelting or recrystallization process; d) thermal treatment (T) of the shaped body (11) for the component (10) in the mold (30) such that a microstructure change is at least partially brought about, and e) the removal of the mold (30). The invention further relates to a correspondingly manufactured component and to a computer program product.

Description

description

Manufacturing process with additive manufacturing of a shaped body, manufacture of a mold and heat treatment

The present invention relates to a method for the produc- tion of a component, comprising the additive production of a molded body for the component and the production of a mold around the molded body, as well as a subsequent heat treatment.

The component is preferably intended for use in a flow machine, preferably in the hot gas path of a gas turbine. The component is preferably made of a superalloy, in particular a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy. The alloy can be precipitation hardened, solid solution hardened, oxide dispersion hardened or hardenable accordingly.

Modern gas turbines are subject to constant improvement in order to increase their efficiency. However, this leads, among other things, to ever higher temperatures in the hot gas path. The metallic materials for rotor blades, especially in the first stages, are constantly being improved with regard to their strength at high temperatures (creep load, thermomechanical fatigue).

Due to its shaping potential, generative or additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly interesting for the series production of the above-mentioned turbine components, such as turbine blades or burner components.

Additive manufacturing processes include, for example, powder bed fusion (PBF), selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM). Other additive processes are, for example, “Directed Energy Deposition (DED) "- processes, especially laser deposition welding, electron jet or plasma powder welding, wire welding, metallic powder injection molding, so-called "sheet lamination" processes, or thermal spray processes (VPS LPPS, GDCS).

A method for selective laser melting is known for example from EP 2 601 006 Bl.

Additive manufacturing processes (AM English: "additive manufacturing") have furthermore proven to be particularly advantageous for complex or filigree components, for example comprising labyrinth-like structures or cooling structures. In particular, additive manufacturing is advantageous due to a particularly short chain of process steps, since a manufacturing or manufacturing step of a component can largely take place on the basis of a corresponding CAD file and the selection of appropriate manufacturing parameters.

Metallic components that are manufactured using AM technologies inherently display a microstructure which, in terms of its structure and composition, is similar or similar to a material produced by welding. The rapid solidification of the metal during remelting in powder bed-based processes results in materials whose properties are mainly dominated by the speed of solidification. Depending, for example, on the raster or scanning speed and the beam diameter, temperature gradients of 10 ⁵ K / s or even 10 ⁶ K / s or more can occur. The structures, structures and phases generated in this way are far removed from those of a corresponding chemical-physical state of equilibrium. This results in numerous anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the chemical or crystalline properties and mechanical technical parameters. Comparisons show that the material properties of additively manufactured components sometimes lag far behind the properties of components manufactured using casting technology, which is a decisive disadvantage and / or a decisive limitation of the use of AM components. Along with the described disadvantageous properties occurs for some materials, the known from welding technology problem of hot crack susceptibility, which is also caused by the high thermal Gra served during the M-process.

In order to solve the problems mentioned, attempts are already being made to improve the material properties of the components by means of (thermal) post-treatments. The properties or characteristic values mentioned can include, for example, the yield strength, the tensile strength, the elongation at break, the impact energy, the hardness, the strength or other aspects.

With post-heat treatments, structures or structures, such as grain sizes and precipitations, can be created, influenced and / or optimized. In this way, improvements can also be achieved, for example in creep resistance and fatigue strength. With these thermal aftertreatments, the ability of the respective material is essentially used to change its composition through diffusion processes in such a way that its structure or composition approaches the respective states of equilibrium. However, the possibilities of these thermal processes end at the latest when the lowest eutectic temperature or solidus temperature of the respective material, in particular the phase or composition concerned, is reached. When this temperature is reached or exceeded, the solid material is irreversibly damaged by local melting and / or loses its shape. In practice, this limit is already reached at around 80% of the respective melting temperature, for example with steels, since in this area many materials have degraded their strength to such an extent that their dimensional stability is lost.

From an economic point of view, weld-like microstructures cannot be built up without exceeding the solidus temperature. The reason for this restriction is that the diffusion paths and diffusion times necessary for achieving and equilibrium are too long for an economic or efficient manufacturing process. For this reason, components produced with additive technologies hardly achieve the technically required mechanical and / or structural parameters.

According to the state of the art, many highly stressed components are therefore manufactured by casting. The properties of components produced by casting are more favorable compared to components produced by welding, because the chemical composition that is established during cast solidification is closer to the respective state of equilibrium of the corresponding alloy or phase.

There is therefore a need to combine the design advantages or degrees of freedom of additive manufacturing or manufacturing technology with the more favorable material properties of casting technology, for example investment casting.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide means which solve the objects or problems described.

This problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a component, comprising the additive Her make a molded body or a preform for the component, preferably by means of, but not limited to, powder-bed-based methods (PBF) such as selective laser melting, selective laser sintering or the electron beam melting.

The method further comprises the formation of risers and / or feeders in or on the molded body. The term "riser" is preferably understood to mean a vent or a corresponding space or cavity in which the material of the molded body or the component - for example during subsequent remelting or heat treatment - expand or in which it extends can rise.

The term "feeder" is preferably understood to mean a material depot, from which material for the molded body or the component - for example during subsequent remelting or heat treatment - can be provided in order to prevent defects or pores from occurring due to shrinkage processes comes.

In one embodiment, the method comprises the formation of risers or at least one riser.

In one embodiment, the method comprises the formation of feeders or at least one feeder.

The method further comprises the production of a mold or a molded shell around the molded body, the mold being designed to keep the molded body dimensionally stable for a remelting or recrystallization process or a corresponding heat treatment. In the case of a remelting process, the shell mold must have a design that is suitable for shaping a liquid phase. In other cases, a training that ensures dimensional stability during, for example, subsequent heat treatment is sufficient. In addition, the mold can be provided with cooling plates and insulation in accordance with the state of the art.

In one embodiment, the mold is produced or provided in a manner similar to known casting or molding processes, in particular the lost wax process. As a result, the shell mold can be applied to the molded body or encased it in a single operation or in several operations. The shape can still be a green shape. In one embodiment, the molded body or the mold is fired during or after its manufacture or heat-treated accordingly. This firing or a heat treatment for this purpose should be clearly differentiated in the present case from a subsequent heat treatment which affects the shaped body.

The method further comprises the heat treatment of the molded body for the component in the mold, so that at least partially a structural change, in particular a recrystallization of the material of the molded body, a diffusion of certain structural components and / or a chemical or stoichiometric change is effected.

In the case of an elementary metallic or not made of an alloy molded body, this can be both simply remelted and only locally melted for the structural change be written. In the case of local melting, a further heat treatment (see below) can be used after the heat treatment described above, in particular after the component has been manufactured, in order to heal any structural defects and / or porosity again.

If the shaped body is made from an alloy, only local or local melting can destroy the structure ("Incipient melting" describes grain boundary melting). This phenomenon cannot be remedied, for example, with a renewed heat treatment and / or hot isostatic pressing that a melting temperature of the material of the molded body is exceeded during the heat treatment, it may be necessary that cavities provided in the design of the component or molded body filled with a suitable material, for example a core, in order to keep these cavities free.

The structural transformation allows the material properties of additively manufactured structures to be advantageously cast-like structures. to adjust. The properties mentioned are preferably matched to those of a thermodynamic or statistical equilibrium of the material of the shaped body.

Although the purely additive manufacturing process with the present invention is complicated by the production of the mold, there are still decisive advantages for the method described and the part to be produced with it.

At the same time, however, the material properties for components produced by means of AM can be decisively improved by the described invention and, in particular, the advantageous properties of a cast structure are emulated. These improved or cheaper material or

Structural properties expediently allow a much higher load capacity, for example thermal and / or mechanical loading during operation of the component and the prevention of crack formation or propagation, structural defects and material creep. In total, the advantages of both manufacturing approaches can be implemented by the present invention.

The method further comprises the subsequent removal of the mold and, if necessary, the removal of existing cores or core-like agents (see above). The removal can advantageously take place by mechanical smashing or chemical leaching or etching. Accordingly, the shape can be a lost shape. Along with the removal of the mold, for example, corresponding means for forming the risers or feeders can also be removed.

In one embodiment, the component is already completed by the steps described. In an alternative embodiment, the production of the component requires further steps, for example post-treatment steps, in order to complete it.

In one embodiment, the shape is defined by the outer surfaces of the molded body.

In one embodiment, the molded body is heat-treated at a temperature which is greater than a eutectic temperature or a solidus temperature, in particular the lowest, of the solidus temperature of the material of the molded body. According to this embodiment of the method, as described, the necessary structural changes, especially comprehensive remelting and / or recrystallization processes, can be provoked or carried out. As indicated above, the involvement of a complete liquid melt is not necessarily required. Therefore, the method does not necessarily require a melting temperature of the material of the molded body to be reached, but - for example in the case of pure metals - only the eutectic temperature or solidus temperature.

A person skilled in the art is aware that exceeding the solids temperature does not necessarily lead to complete melting of the component, but only, for example, to a loss of its strength or dimensional stability.

In one embodiment, a position becomes the riser

and / or feeder and the shaped body are selected such that essentially no pores or voids form during the heat treatment of the shaped body and / or any impurities or slags are displaced during the melting process, in particular into a riser. By means of suitable measures, such as are known from the prior art of casting, the present invention can also be used to produce single-crystal or directed rigid structures. Accordingly, the component structure obtained by the present invention can be similar or identical to one obtained by a casting process, in particular special monocrystalline, directionally solidified or stalk crystalline structure. For example, these structures can be produced analogously to the so-called "Bridgeman process" and / or with the aid of the formation of a single-crystal solidification front and appropriate germ depots and grain selectors.

In one embodiment, a design and / or a position of the risers or feeders on the molded body is calculated, simulated or optimized. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a corresponding computer program or computer program product or an algorithm contained therein or a corresponding simulation calculation. Without corresponding computer program resources or a corresponding computing capacity, a component geometry-dependent arrangement and training of the risers or feeders can possibly be too expensive. The mentioned design of the risers and feeders (see above) can preferably mean their size, nature, composition and / or shape.

A computer program product such as a computer pro

gram means, can for example be used as a storage medium, e.g. Memory card, USB stick, CD-ROM, DVD, or also in the form of a downloadable file from a server in a network are provided or included. This can be done, for example, in a wireless communication network by transmitting a corresponding file with the computer program product or the computer program means.

In one embodiment, a material or starting material for the molded body is selected in such a way that chemical and / or metallurgical material changes that occur during the heat treatment are taken into account or compensated for with regard to a target structure of the component, for example in advance. The choice of the material for the shaped body can also be made in a computer-implemented manner by means of an appropriately calculated or simulated alloy or composition. In one embodiment, the molded body is made from a first material.

In one embodiment, the shaped body is made up of a steel or a refractory metal or an alloy comprising at least one of these materials. Alternatively, the material of the shaped body can comprise another metal or another metallic alloy.

In one embodiment, the molded body, in particular its surface, is specifically provided with, preferably just a single nucleating agent and / or a shortage of nucleating agents during additive manufacturing from the first material, in order, for example, during the heat treatment to selectively or predeterminedly a nucleus for the formation of a specific kris To provide a metal or grain structure for the component or to suppress crystallization or nucleation for grain growth accordingly. This can be done, for example, by physical or chemical conditioning, coating, structuring or processing of the component surface.

In one embodiment, the heat-treated shaped body is post-treated, for example by a further heat treatment and / or hot isostatic pressing. This post-treatment may be necessary in order to finish the component with sufficient structural quality, for example by curing cracks, defects or stresses in this way.

In one embodiment, the additive manufacturing or construction of the molded body takes place by means of selective laser melting. Alternatively, the manufacture or construction can be carried out by means of electron beam melting or other additive processes. In one embodiment, at least the production and removal of the mold are carried out analogously to a casting process, in particular a precision casting or lost wax process.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a component which can be adjusted or produced by means of the method described. The component further comprises a cast-like microstructure, for example a columnar, columnar crystalline, directionally solidified or monocrystalline microstructure or crystal structure or a polycrystalline microstructure that is essentially free of pores and cavities. As indicated above, this crystal or microstructure resembles, resembles or corresponds more to a thermodynamic or chemical state of equilibrium than is the case for them

Structure of the additively constructed molding would be the case without heat treatment.

In one embodiment, the component is intended for use in the hot gas path of a gas turbine.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the steps of selecting, simulating and / or providing the shaped body during additive manufacturing with nucleating agents or a defect to be carried out on nucleating agents.

Refinements, features and / or advantages, which in the present case relate to the method for producing the component, can also relate to the component itself or the computer program product, or vice versa.

The term "and / or" as used herein, when used in a series of two or more elements, means that each of the listed elements is used alone or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be used.

Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the figures.

Figure 1 indicates a schematic sectional view of an additive manufacturing plant;

FIG. 2 shows a simplified flow diagram which indicates process steps of the present invention;

FIG. 3 indicates, by way of example, a molded body produced or produced additively;

FIG. 4 indicates that the molded body will be provided with a mold;

FIG. 5 indicates a heat treatment of the shaped body;

Figure 6 indicates the removal of the mold;

Figure 7 shows an example of a specific embodiment of the

Molded body or component, as well as details of the method described;

FIG. 8 shows an alternative view to FIG.

In the exemplary embodiments and figures, elements that are the same or have the same effect can each be provided with the same reference characters. The elements shown and their size relationships to one another are fundamentally not to be regarded as true to scale; rather, individual elements can be shown exaggeratedly thick or with large dimensions for better illustration and / or for better understanding. Correspondingly, the functional details disclosed here are not to be understood as restrictive, but merely as a clear basis that the person skilled in the art on this tech- niche field provides guidance for using the present invention in a variety of ways.

FIG. 1 shows an additive manufacturing system 100. The system 100 is preferably a conventional system for building or manufacturing parts or components by means of a powder bed process (PBF). These processes include, for example, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting or electron beam melting. The mentioned tech techniques use a powder bed made of a powder or base material, which is selectively and in layers with an energy beam 51, for example a laser beam, applied, melted and then solidified. A corresponding beam source 50 can for example be provided by an electron source or a laser. The first layer of the component or the body to be built is connected ("welded") to a substrate plate 1 as soon as it is energized. The other layers are also materially connected to the respective underlying layers and in accordance with a predetermined geometry, which, for example, by a CAD file is specified.

A shaped body within the meaning of the present invention can, as described in more detail below, be additionally produced or made available via the production system 100. Alternatively, the molded body can be built up using other, non-powder-bed-based methods, for example "Directed Energy Deposition (DED)" methods, in particular laser deposition welding. Further options for producing the molded body are electron beam or plasma powder welding, Wire welding, metallic powder injection molding, so-called "sheet lamination" processes, or thermal spray processes (VPS LPPS, GDCS).

After each layer has been irradiated, the substrate plate 1 is preferably lowered by an amount corresponding to the layer thickness L, so that a new layer is applied can. This is done, for example, by means of a coating device 60. A manufacturing surface H is accordingly preferably always at the same vertical height of the system 100. The manufacturing surface H can be formed, for example, by fresh powder P or by areas of the component 10 that have already been partially melted.

The component is preferably a component which is used in the hot gas path of a turbomachine, for example a gas turbine. In particular, the component can be a rotor or guide vane, a segment or ring segment, a burner part or a burner tip, a frame, a shield, a heat shield, a nozzle, seal, a filter, a mouth or lance, a resonator, stamp o- denote a vortex, or a corresponding transition, use, or a corresponding retrofit part.

FIG. 2 uses the schematic flowchart to indicate process steps of the present invention. The method relates to a method for producing a component such as that described above.

The method comprises, a) the additive production of a molded body 11 (as described above) for the component 10 from a powder bed P.

The method further comprises, b), the formation of risers 12 and / or feeders 13 in or on the molded body 11.

The method further comprises, c) the production of a mold 30 around the molded body 11, the mold 30 being designed to keep the molded body 11 dimensionally stable for a remelting or recrystallization process.

The method further comprises, d), the heat treatment of the molded body 11 for the component 10 in the mold 30, so that at least partially a structural change is caused. The heat treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature T.

The method further comprises, e), the removal of the mold 30, for example by mechanical smashing, compare FIG. 6 below.

The method can include further method steps, for example finishing steps, such as, f), post-treatment or further heat treatment of the molded body 11 that has already been heat-treated and / or hot isostatic pressing. After or in the course of completion, the described method can also include quality assurance or quality control and, for example, be optically measured. In particular, a non-destructive material test, metallographic analysis, hardness measurement and determination of the mechanical and technical characteristics of the component can be determined, evaluated and used to optimize the process.

The present invention also relates to a computer program or computer program product (cf. reference CPP in FIG. 2), which is particularly set up to execute at least some of the process steps described in FIG. 2 completely or partially by computer program means. In particular, the additive manufacture of the molded body 11, preferably the geometry and irradiation strategy of the molded body, and the formation of the risers and / or feeders or a corresponding arrangement of these elements in or on the molded body 11 can be carried out using the computer program (computer program product).

With the aid of FIGS. 3 to 8, the method presented and a component obtained, manufactured or manufacturable is described in detail. Parts of the described process sequence can be similar or analogous to a conventional tional investment casting process, for example a wax melt process, be formed.

In particular, FIG. 3 shows a shaped body 11 constructed, for example as described above. The shaped body has a cavity, a cavity or a channel 20. For example, the molded body can be a fluid-cooled turbine blade or a turbine blade that can be cooled accordingly by means of a fluid.

The molded body also has an outer surface 14.

Likewise, only by way of example, the molded body 11 can be specifically provided with a nucleator or nucleus K during its additive production, for example during a subsequent heat treatment for remelting in order to adjust the structure, or to change the structure of the molded body (see Figure 4 further below) to provide or provoke a crystallization or a grain growth corresponding to a certain phase and / or orientation. A subsequent heat treatment can also be used to heal any defects.

Likewise, the molded body 11 can already be built up during the additive production in such a way that, for example, a lack of nuclei or nucleating agents occurs and a customary or expected crystallization, crystal orientation and / or phase is suppressed.

FIG. 3 also shows, by way of example, that - analogously to the Bridgeman method - a spiral grain or single crystal selector GS can already be provided by means of the additive production of the molded body 11. It is to be expected that with the additive build-up of a structure, a polycrystalline structure is initially formed, the grains or crystal orientations of which can then be sorted out, at least for the most part, preferably via the grain selector GS. The grain selector GS is structurally preferably above A "reducing section" is connected to the actual molded body 11. On the side of the grain selector GS facing away from the molded body 11, the above-described nucleus K is indicated by way of example, which preferably serves to form a single or columnar crystalline structure of the component.

A position of a nucleus or nucleator or a precise configuration of the described grain selector GS can also be computer-implemented or at least partially calculated, optimized or carried out by means of a computer program or a corresponding product.

In contrast to the illustration in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 shows that first risers 12 and / or feeders 13 were formed on the molded body 11. This is expediently carried out on the surface 14 of the shaped body 11, but can also take place partially within the shaped body 11. In particular, a position of the riser 12 and / or feeder 13 and the molded body 11 is chosen so that essentially no pores or cavities are formed during the heat treatment and any impurities or slag are displaced during the melting process.

By or with the aid of the computer program product described, for example, a training and / or a position of the risers and / or feeders on the molded body 11 is simulated. As a result, complicated calculations (computer-implemented) for the geometry of the risers or ventilation ducts or their position can be carried out appropriately and tailored to the component size, their material and the area of application. The same applies to the training or arrangement of the feeders. Corresponding manual invoices would be inefficient, if not impossible, or would lead to inadequate results.

Furthermore, it can be seen in FIG. 4 that a mold 30 has been built up around the molded body 11, and this shape is accordingly defined by outer surfaces 14 of the molded body 11. is ned. The mold 30 can be created in a single work step or in a plurality of work steps, for example by sanding or spraying. The molding material of the mold 30 can be liquid or solid and comprise, for example, clay, ceramic, slip, quartz sand, zircon sand, synthetic binders and other materials. The shape 30 may furthermore be a green shape. The mold 30 should in any case be designed to keep the molded body dimensionally stable for a remelting or recrystallization process (see below). For this purpose or to achieve further advantages, the shape can include cooling plates, insulation or mechanical reinforcements.

The curved arrow to the right of FIG. 4 and the reference symbols T> T _{e are} intended to illustrate that after the risers 12 and / or feeders 13 have been optionally attached, the molded body 11 is heat treated at a temperature T in the mold 30 that is higher than a eutectic temperature. The heat treatment is preferably carried out or the temperature T selected such that a structural change, for example a recrystallization, a chemical change, a diffusion of structural components defining the strength or a remelting is effected at least in part. A melting point of the corresponding phase or of the material of the molded body 11 does not necessarily have to be exceeded. Rather, the temperature T is preferably selected to be greater than a eutectic temperature T _e or a lowest solidus temperature of a material of the molded body 11.

A material for or for the molded body 11 is preferably selected in such a way that chemical and / or metallurgical material changes that arise during the heat treatment are taken into account or compensated for with regard to a target structure of the component 10. The choice of this material can also be made supported by a computer program product or a corresponding calculation or simulation. In one embodiment, the shaped body 11 is constructed from a steel or a refractory metal or an alloy comprising a steel and / or a refractory metal.

Figure 5 preferably shows the component 10 after its heat treatment. The double hatching of the component indicates a modified structure or a correspondingly modified or remelted structure with advantageously modified material properties, for example a significantly increased hardness, hot crack resistance, creep resistance or other properties, in contrast to the molded body 11. A correspondingly improved structure or structure can be determined by common methods of specific element, structure or material analysis, for example by X-ray fluorescence analysis or other destructive or non-destructive investigations.

After the component, as indicated in FIG. 6, has been freed from its shape 30, for example by being smashed, and possibly completed by further heat treatment or post-processing steps such as hot isostatic pressing, it preferably comprises (in contrast to the additive structure) a Cast-like microstructure, for example a directionally solidified or monocrystalline microstructure or a polycrystalline microstructure that is essentially free of pores and voids.

With the aid of FIGS. 7 and 8, process steps of the described method and aspects of the component are described with the aid of a further design that is alternative to the illustrations in FIGS. 3 to 6.

FIG. 7 shows a heat sink 11, the function of which is essentially to heat itself up during operation to cool a further component. The additively built-up heat sink 11 preferably has funnel-shaped inlet openings 20. These openings or channels can be via a not explicitly marked ring channel, which can surround the rotationally symmetrical component during operation, flowed against while the heat sink 11 rotates about its rotational axis. The inlet openings can open into screw-like or helix-like cooling channels, the task of which is to give off the heat from the component to a fluid that flows through it

As stated above, a plurality of stores 12 are shown by way of example, which e.g. are regularly arranged on a surface 14 of the heat sink 11 to, during the heat treatment, to fulfill their purpose.

A single riser 12 is arranged in a similarly simplified manner centrally on the molded body in the vicinity of the axis of rotation. Accordingly, it can be provided within the scope of the present invention that the number of feeders 13 exceeds the number of risers 12. As a result, the material depots can be finely distributed over the surface 14 of the cooling body 11 and thus lead to a material supply that is as homogeneous as possible, where, however, only a central point is sufficient as a riser.

The cooling channels 20 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 may have to be filled with a material core (see reference number 15) during the heat treatment in order to define cavities provided in the design, since the cavities could otherwise be filled or displaced with molded body material and / or the component could lose its dimensional stability and / or function. This can occur in particular if the melting temperature of the material of the shaped body is exceeded during the heat treatment.

FIG. 8 is a representation similar to FIG. 7, but the heat sink 11 is rotated and shown in perspective. It can be seen that the channels 20 have outlets (not explicitly identified by reference characters) on the lower side of the component. It can also be seen that feeders 13 are also arranged on a surface of the heat sink 11, and that the molded body 11 or the component 10 is configured in an annular manner.

The invention is not restricted to these by the description based on the exemplary embodiments, but rather encompasses any new feature and any combination of features. In particular, this includes any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or this combination is not itself explicitly specified in the claims or exemplary embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for producing a component (10), comprising the

Steps :

- A) additive manufacturing of a molded body (11) for the construction part (10), in particular from a powder bed (P),

- b) forming risers (12) and / or feeders (13) on the molded body (11),

- c) producing a mold (30) around the molded body (11), the mold (30) being designed to keep the molded body (11) stable in shape for a remelting or recrystallization process,

- d) heat treatment (T) of the shaped body (11) for the component (10) in the mold (30), so that at least partially a structural change is brought about, and

- e) removing the mold (30).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shape (30) by Au ßenoberflächen (14) of the molded body (11) is defined.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat treatment of the shaped body (11) at a temperature (T) which is greater than a eutectic temperature (T _e) or a lowest solidus temperature of a material of the shaped body (11) .

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a position of the risers (12) and / or feeders (13) and the shaped body (11) is selected so that essentially no pores or cavities and any impurities form during the heat treatment or slag in the process of Schmelzpro, especially in a riser (12) are displaced.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a design and / or a position of the risers and / or feeders on the molded body (11) is simulated.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a material for the molded body (11) is selected such that chemical or metallurgical material changes that occur during the heat treatment are taken into account or compensated for with regard to a target structure of the component (10).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaped body from a steel or a refractory metal or an alloy comprising at least one of these materi alien is built up.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaped body (11), in particular its surface (14), during the additive manufacturing is specifically provided with a nucleating agent or a lack of nucleating agents in order to provide a crystal nucleus during the heat treatment to suppress crystallization.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat-treated shaped body (11), for example by egg ne further heat treatment and / or hot isostatic pressing is post-treated (f).

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the additive manufacturing of the molded body (11) takes place by means of selective laser melting.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the production and the removal of the mold (30) are carried out analogously to a casting process, in particular a precision casting process.

12. Component (10) which can be produced or produced according to the method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a cast-like microstructure, for example a directionally solidified or monocrystalline structure joint structure or a polycrystalline, essentially pore-free and void-free microstructure.

13. Component (10) according to claim 12, which is provided for use in the hot gas path of a gas turbine.

14. Computer program product (CPP), comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of selecting, simulating and / or providing according to one of claims 4, 5 or 8.