WO2020233429A1 - Electric vehicle safety assessment method and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Electric vehicle safety assessment method and electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233429A1
WO2020233429A1 PCT/CN2020/089421 CN2020089421W WO2020233429A1 WO 2020233429 A1 WO2020233429 A1 WO 2020233429A1 CN 2020089421 W CN2020089421 W CN 2020089421W WO 2020233429 A1 WO2020233429 A1 WO 2020233429A1
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safety
failure
electric vehicle
frequency
risk
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PCT/CN2020/089421
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张伟
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深圳市德塔防爆电动汽车有限公司
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Publication of WO2020233429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233429A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0808—Diagnosing performance data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/24—Classification techniques
    • G06F18/243—Classification techniques relating to the number of classes
    • G06F18/24323—Tree-organised classifiers

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  • the present invention relates to a transportation tool, and more specifically, to a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle and an electric vehicle.
  • electric vehicles generally have electrical systems as high as hundreds of volts, which exceeds the safe voltage range of DC. If reasonable design and protection are not carried out, high voltage safety problems such as electric shocks may be caused.
  • electric vehicles include multiple components such as steering systems, braking systems, and safety control systems, and each component includes multiple components. The failure or malfunction of any component may cause loss of control or failure of the entire vehicle, thereby causing the driver or passengers to encounter danger.
  • the safety tree of electric vehicles is a systematic method to comprehensively solve the safety problems of electric vehicles. It consists of establishing a related logic system through surface safety failure events, underlying basic fault events, related logic and data, and constructing through vehicle safety requirements analysis and vehicle systems
  • the event model establishes a tree diagram, which is a description of the logical relationship between different levels of events in the vehicle, and graphical representation and qualitative description of multiple subsystems or components such as the braking system, steering system, and body parts.
  • the safety tree can accurately express the causal relationship and logic between surface safety failure events and underlying basic failure events (process defects, external factors, etc.).
  • the vehicle safety status assessment is based on the real-time quantitative description of the vehicle safety status based on the safety tree.
  • the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of electric vehicles have very important indications for the safety of the entire vehicle, and provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the safety state of electric vehicles in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, which can prompt the safety of the entire electric vehicle and provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle, thereby Improve the safety factor of electric vehicles to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: constructing a safety state assessment method for electric vehicles, including:
  • the step S2 further includes:
  • S24 Calculate the risk degree corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event based on the risk weight and risk level corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event;
  • S25 Calculate the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree.
  • the step S22 further includes:
  • the step S23 further includes:
  • the step S25 further includes:
  • S251 Calculate the system failure risk degree based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula: Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
  • the step S25 further includes:
  • N represents the number of total safety failures
  • n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event
  • Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
  • the step S3 further includes:
  • the step S1 further includes:
  • Another technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is to construct a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle is realized.
  • Another technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to construct an electric vehicle, including a processor, and a computer program stored in the processor.
  • the program is executed by the processor, the electric vehicle Security status assessment method.
  • the implementation of the method for evaluating the safety status of electric vehicles, computer-readable storage media, and electric vehicles of the present invention can prompt the safety of the entire electric vehicle, provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle, and thereby improve the performance of the electric vehicle. Safety factor to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the classification of the entire vehicle safety failure data of the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • 3a-3c are schematic diagrams of part of the safety tree of the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps of calculating the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle in the method for evaluating the safety state of the electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle, including: S1, constructing a safety tree, the safety tree including a plurality of safety failure bottom events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top events, and the safety failure bottom events, The logical causality and safety importance between the safety failure intermediate event and the safety failure top-level event; S2, according to the safety tree, calculate the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle; S3 , Performing safety maintenance management on the electric vehicle based on the system failure risk and/or the system safety factor.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a safety tree is constructed, the safety tree includes multiple safety failure bottom-level events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top-level events, and the safety failure bottom-level events and the safety failure intermediate events , The logical causality between the top-level events of the safety failure and the degree of safety importance.
  • the data in the vehicle controller, the safety controller and the driving recorder of the electric vehicle are first transmitted to the platform database through the CAN bus. Then, the vehicle safety failure data of the electric vehicle is obtained from the data. The vehicle safety failure data is mapped into different safety event groups, and the probability of each safety event group accounting for all safety failures is calculated.
  • the safety failure includes parameter deviation and sudden failure alarm. These events can be obtained through online real-time monitoring of the electric vehicle big data monitoring platform, and are directly related to the possibility of electrical system failure events.
  • the vehicle safety failure data can be mapped into multiple subsystems or components such as brake systems, steering systems, body parts, etc., so that the vehicle safety failure data can be included in different groups according to the principle of mapping classification. Among them, the probability of each security event group accounting for all security failures is calculated.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the classification of the entire vehicle safety failure data of the method for constructing a safety tree of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vehicle safety failure data can be mapped to structural safety events, electrical safety events, functional logic safety events, collision safety events, thermal safety events, and explosion-proof events.
  • the above-mentioned inductive analysis process can use various methods known in the art, or use known methods to calculate the probability of each safety event group accounting for all safety failures, or use the respective measurement and collection empirical data of electric vehicle manufacturers.
  • a joint analysis method is used to classify the safety failure data of the entire vehicle in each safety event group to construct a safety tree.
  • the new joint analysis method is used for safety tree modeling. According to the actual situation of safety failure, one or more suitable analysis methods can be selected, so as to avoid using a certain model construction method alone.
  • the disadvantages of adaptation can be analyzed by applying method advantages in the actual application process to effectively simplify the selection process.
  • any security tree known in the art can be used, and any known security tree in the art can be used.
  • FIGS. 3a-3c are schematic diagrams of a partial safety tree constructed by the method for constructing a safety tree for an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The following further describes the method for constructing a safety tree for an electric vehicle of the present invention based on FIGS. 3a-3b.
  • three safety failure intermediate events can be subdivided under structural safety events, namely, braking safety incidents, driving safety incidents, and steering safety incidents.
  • step S2 the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle is calculated according to the safety tree.
  • the system safety factor is a quantitative value that characterizes the safety degree of the electrical system of an electric vehicle in a given time period and in a given working environment.
  • System risk is the quantitative failure risk value that characterizes the electrical system of an electric vehicle in a given time period and in a given working environment.
  • various known methods can also be used to calculate the system failure risk and/or system safety factor.
  • the preferred lowest system failure risk is 0, and the highest system safety factor is 100%.
  • step S3 the safety maintenance management of the electric vehicle is performed based on the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor.
  • thresholds are respectively set for the system failure risk and the system safety factor.
  • the mass-produced product vehicle may be allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use may be allowed to continue to use.
  • the system failure risk is greater than or equal to the set risk threshold, the mass-produced product vehicle is not allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use is not allowed to continue to use, and a warning can be issued to request it to be returned to the factory for repair .
  • the mass-produced product vehicle can be allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use can be allowed to continue to use.
  • the safety factor is less than or equal to the set safety threshold, the mass-produced product vehicle is not allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use is not allowed to continue to use, and a warning can be issued to request it to be returned to the factory for repair.
  • the system failure risk and the system safety factor can be detected at the same time. When both meet the requirements, the factory or the continued use is allowed, otherwise it is required to be returned to the factory for repair or It is not allowed to leave the factory. After repair, maintenance, and update, check again, and only after it meets the requirements can it leave the factory or continue to use.
  • the implementation of the method for evaluating the safety status of electric vehicles of the present invention can prompt the safety of the entire electric vehicle and provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle, thereby improving the safety factor of the electric vehicle and ensuring the safety of drivers and passengers. .
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps of calculating the system failure risk or system safety factor of the electric vehicle in the method for evaluating the safety state of the electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred implementation method for calculating the system failure risk or system safety factor. Based on the teaching of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also use other methods to perform related calculations.
  • step S1 the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event is counted within the set first time interval.
  • a service brake failure, a parking brake failure, and an abnormal hydraulic pressure can be regarded as an intermediate event of a safety failure.
  • the standardized frequency of each occurrence within a year can be counted.
  • step S2 the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event is converted to a standard working condition to obtain the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
  • this step firstly, based on the safety tree, analyze the impact probability of the underlying security failure event corresponding to the security failure intermediate event on the security failure intermediate event, and compare the frequency of the same source security failure intermediate event according to the The influence probability is weighted and combined to obtain a weighted standardized frequency; then the weighted standardized frequency is converted to standard working conditions to obtain the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
  • the same safety failure intermediate event (referring to different safety failure intermediate events caused by the same safety failure bottom event)
  • the frequency of occurrence) is weighted and combined according to the impact probability of the underlying event of the safety failure to obtain the weighted standardized frequency of the occurrence of the intermediate event of the safety failure.
  • the bottom layer of safety failure event of brake spring damage it simultaneously corresponds to the two homogenous safety failure intermediate events of service brake failure and parking brake failure.
  • the low-level safety failure event of abnormal brake pressure corresponds to the two intermediate safety failure events of the same source, the service brake failure and the parking brake failure.
  • the impact probability of brake spring damage on service brake failure and parking brake failure is 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively.
  • the risk level Li characterizes the safety-related consequences caused by the failure event (or the i-th safety failure intermediate event).
  • the specific value of i can be defined with reference to the security tree shown in FIGS. 3a-3c.
  • Risk level is a quantitative evaluation of the severity of consequences, which is usually defined quantitatively by experts based on business characteristics. There have been various risk levels for different electric vehicles in the field.
  • the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event is converted to standard working conditions to obtain the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
  • the standardized frequency of the occurrence of safety failure intermediate events can be converted to the working conditions to be calculated by a statistical regression analysis method, and the standardized frequency of occurrence of all safety failure intermediate events can be summed to obtain The standardized frequency of occurrence of electrical system failure events in a given time interval under given working conditions (unit: times/cumulative working hours (mileage)).
  • Standardization of the frequency of occurrence of safety failures means that the frequency of occurrence of safety failures obtained by statistics under different environmental parameters is converted to a uniform specified environmental parameter to obtain an equivalent frequency that can be used for global analysis.
  • the working conditions affecting the number of occurrences of the safety failure intermediate event are analyzed. For example, it is possible to analyze the number of events that affect the safety failure intermediate events according to the working conditions such as road conditions, temperature and humidity, and load weight. In the case of high humidity, the number of braking safety incidents, steering safety incidents, and driving transmission safety incidents may be relatively large. In the case of poor road conditions, the number of driving safety incidents may be relatively large. Based on the data recorded in the data in the vehicle controller, the safety controller and the driving recorder of the electric vehicle, the above analysis and judgment can be completed.
  • the risk weight q i corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event is calculated based on the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
  • the risk weight q i can be used to describe the parameter of the influence degree of the failure risk on the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
  • the risk weight is the ratio of the standard safety failure intermediate event occurrence frequency to the maximum tolerable frequency; when the actual standard safety failure intermediate event occurrence frequency
  • the risk weight 1.
  • the maximum tolerance frequency is an important parameter used to normalize the risk weight of the intermediate event of a safety failure, which can be set by those skilled in the art based on experience. Through long-term observation and testing of electric vehicles, the highest tolerance frequency can be obtained. There have been various regulations in the field regarding the highest tolerance frequency of different safety failure intermediate events for different electric vehicles.
  • the risk level Li characterizes the safety-related consequences caused by the failure event (or the i-th safety failure intermediate event).
  • the specific value of i can be defined with reference to the security tree shown in FIGS. 3a-3c.
  • Risk level is a quantitative evaluation of the severity of consequences, which is usually defined quantitatively by experts based on business characteristics. There have been various risk levels for different electric vehicles in the field.
  • step S5 the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor are calculated based on the risk degree corresponding to all the safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree.
  • the system failure risk degree is calculated based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula: Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
  • the specific values of N and i can be defined with reference to the security tree shown in FIGS. 3a-3c.
  • the system safety factor is calculated based on the risk degree corresponding to all the safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event. 0 ⁇ SC ⁇ 100%. Therefore, in the present invention, the system safety factor can be obtained by inputting the corresponding time interval (accumulated working hours of the vehicle), the frequency of the standardized safety failure intermediate events, and the given working conditions.
  • the safety state of the electric vehicle can be evaluated, and the safety maintenance of the electric vehicle can be performed according to the real-time system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor management.
  • the system safety factor is 100%, or close to 100%, when they leave the factory.
  • the system safety factor is continuously decreasing, and after repair, maintenance, and updating, the system safety factor will be improved.
  • the implementation of the safety state assessment method of electric vehicles of the present invention can analyze the law of vehicle failure risk over time, and predict the future failure risk degree, providing a necessary quantitative information basis for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle.
  • the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the present invention can be implemented in a centralized manner in at least one computer system, or implemented in a decentralized manner by different parts distributed in several interconnected computer systems. Any computer system or other equipment that can implement the method of the present invention is applicable.
  • the combination of commonly used software and hardware can be a general computer system with a computer program installed, and the computer system is controlled by installing and executing the program to make it run according to the method of the present invention.
  • the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program product.
  • the program contains all the features capable of implementing the method of the present invention. When it is installed in a computer system, the method of the present invention can be implemented.
  • the computer program in this document refers to any expression of a set of instructions that can be written in any programming language, code, or symbol.
  • the instruction set enables the system to have information processing capabilities to directly implement specific functions, or to perform After one or two steps, a specific function is realized: a) conversion into other languages, codes or symbols; b) reproduction in a different format.
  • the present invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle is realized.
  • the present invention also relates to an electric vehicle, including a processor, and a computer program stored in the processor, which implements the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle when the program is executed by the processor.

Abstract

An electric vehicle safety assessment method, comprising: S1, constructing a safety tree, wherein the safety tree comprises a plurality of safety failure lower-level events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top-level events, logical causality between the safety failure lower-level events, the safety failure intermediate events, and the safety failure top-level events, and a degree of importance to safety of the events; S2, calculating, according to the safety tree, a system failure risk level and/or a system safety factor of an electric vehicle; and S3, performing safety maintenance and management of the electric vehicle on the basis of the system failure risk level and/or the system safety factor.

Description

一种电动车辆的安全状态评估方法以及电动车辆Method for evaluating safety state of electric vehicle and electric vehicle 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及运输工具，更具体地说，涉及一种电动车辆的安全状态评估方法以及电动车辆。The present invention relates to a transportation tool, and more specifically, to a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle and an electric vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
随着世界经济的快速发展和对环保意识的重视，汽车的普及率越来越高，同时对汽车尾气排放要求也越来越高，节能、安全、无污染的电动车辆是未来的发展趋势。然而，电动车辆一般有高达上百伏的电气系统，这就超过了直流的安全电压范围，如不进行合理的设计与防护，将可能带来人员电击等高压安全问题。此外，电动车辆包括诸如转向系统、制动系统、安全控制系统等多个组成部门，每个组成部分又包括多个组成部件。任何部件的失效或者故障都可能造成整个车辆的失控或者故障，从而导致驾驶者或者乘客遭遇危险。With the rapid development of the world economy and the importance of environmental protection awareness, the penetration rate of automobiles has become higher and higher, and the requirements for automobile exhaust emissions have also become higher. Energy-saving, safe, and pollution-free electric vehicles are the future development trend. However, electric vehicles generally have electrical systems as high as hundreds of volts, which exceeds the safe voltage range of DC. If reasonable design and protection are not carried out, high voltage safety problems such as electric shocks may be caused. In addition, electric vehicles include multiple components such as steering systems, braking systems, and safety control systems, and each component includes multiple components. The failure or malfunction of any component may cause loss of control or failure of the entire vehicle, thereby causing the driver or passengers to encounter danger.
而电动车辆的安全树是全面解决电动车辆安全问题的系统方法，是由通过表层安全失效事件、底层基础故障事件、相关逻辑和数据建立相关逻辑体系，通过整车安全需求分析和整车系统构建事件模型建立树状图，是对车辆不同层次事件之间逻辑关系的描述，针对例如制动系统、转向系统、车身零部件等多个子系统或部件进行图形表征和定性描述。安全树能够准确表达表层安全失效事件和底层基础故障事件(工艺缺陷、外部因素等)之间因果关系和逻辑。The safety tree of electric vehicles is a systematic method to comprehensively solve the safety problems of electric vehicles. It consists of establishing a related logic system through surface safety failure events, underlying basic fault events, related logic and data, and constructing through vehicle safety requirements analysis and vehicle systems The event model establishes a tree diagram, which is a description of the logical relationship between different levels of events in the vehicle, and graphical representation and qualitative description of multiple subsystems or components such as the braking system, steering system, and body parts. The safety tree can accurately express the causal relationship and logic between surface safety failure events and underlying basic failure events (process defects, external factors, etc.).
整车安全状态评估是基于安全树对整车安全情况的实时定量描述。电动车辆的系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数对于整车安全性有着非常重要的指示 意义，为车辆的安全运维提供必要的指导。The vehicle safety status assessment is based on the real-time quantitative description of the vehicle safety status based on the safety tree. The system failure risk and/or system safety factor of electric vehicles have very important indications for the safety of the entire vehicle, and provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，可以提示电动车辆的整车安全性，为车辆的安全运维提供必要的指导，从而提高电动车辆的安全系数，保障驾驶员和乘客安全。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the safety state of electric vehicles in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, which can prompt the safety of the entire electric vehicle and provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle, thereby Improve the safety factor of electric vehicles to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：构造一种电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，包括：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: constructing a safety state assessment method for electric vehicles, including:
S1、构建安全树，所述安全树包括多个安全失效底层事件、安全失效中间事件、安全失效顶层事件以及所述安全失效底层事件、所述安全失效中间事件、所述安全失效顶层事件之间的逻辑因果关系和安全重要程度；S1. Construct a safety tree, which includes multiple safety failure bottom-level events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top-level events, and between the safety failure bottom-level events, the safety failure intermediate events, and the safety failure top-level events The logical causality and the importance of safety;
S2、根据所述安全树，计算所述电动车辆的系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数；S2. Calculate the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle according to the safety tree;
S3、基于所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数对所述电动车辆进行安全维护管理。S3. Perform safety maintenance management on the electric vehicle based on the system failure risk and/or the system safety factor.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S2进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S2 further includes:
S21、在设定第一时间区间内，统计所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次；S21. Count the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event within the set first time interval;
S22、将所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得标准安全失效中间事件发生频次；S22. Converting the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event to standard working conditions to obtain the occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event frequency;
S23、基于所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次计算所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险权值；S23. Calculate the risk weight corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event based on the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event;
S24、基于所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险权值和风险等级计算所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险度；S24: Calculate the risk degree corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event based on the risk weight and risk level corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event;
S25、基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数。S25: Calculate the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S22进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S22 further includes:
S221、基于所述安全树，分析所述安全失效中间事件所对应的安全失效底层事件对所述安全失效中间事件的影响概率，并将同源的安全失效中间事件的频次按照所述影响概率加权合并以获得加权的标准化频次；S221. Based on the safety tree, analyze the impact probability of the underlying security failure event corresponding to the security failure intermediate event on the security failure intermediate event, and weight the frequency of the same source security failure intermediate event according to the impact probability Combine to obtain a weighted normalized frequency;
S222、将所述加权的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次。S222: Convert the weighted standardized frequency to a standard working condition to obtain the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S23进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S23 further includes:
S231、将所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次与最高容忍频次进行比较，当所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次小于所述最高容忍频次时，所述风险权值＝所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次/所述最高容忍频次；否则所述风险权值＝1。S231. Compare the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event with the maximum tolerable frequency, and when the standard safety failure intermediate event occurrence frequency is less than the maximum tolerable frequency, the risk weight = the standard safety failure intermediate event Frequency of occurrence/the highest tolerance frequency; otherwise, the risk weight = 1.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S25进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S25 further includes:
S251、按照如下公式基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统失效风险度：
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000001
其中N表示全部安全失效的数量，n i表示第i安全失效中间事件对应的安全失效底层事件的数量；Ri表示第i安全失效中间事件的风险度。 S251: Calculate the system failure risk degree based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000001
Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S25进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S25 further includes:
S25a、按照如下公式基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统安全系数
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000002
其中N表示全部安全失效的数量，n i表示第i安全失效中间事件对应的安全失效底层事件的数量；Ri表示第i安全失效中间事件的风险度。 S25a. Calculate the system safety factor based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000002
Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S3进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S3 further includes:
S31、判定所述系统失效风险度是否小于设定风险阈值和/或所述安全系数是否大于设定安全阈值，如果是执行步骤S32，否则执行步骤S33；S31. Determine whether the system failure risk level is less than a set risk threshold and/or whether the safety factor is greater than a set safety threshold, if it is, execute step S32, otherwise, execute step S33;
S32、允许所述电动车辆出厂或者不执行检修；S32. Allow the electric vehicle to leave the factory or not perform maintenance;
S33、拒绝所述电动车辆出厂或提示执行检修。S33. Refuse the electric vehicle to leave the factory or prompt to perform maintenance.
在本发明所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法中，所述步骤S1进一步包括：In the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the step S1 further includes:
S11.采集电动车辆的整车安全失效数据；S11. Collect vehicle safety failure data of electric vehicles;
S12.将所述整车安全失效数据映射归类到不同的安全事件组别中，并分别统计各个安全事件组别频次数据；S12. Map the vehicle safety failure data into different safety event groups, and separately count the frequency data of each safety event group;
S13.采用联合分析方法对各个安全事件组别中的所述整车安全失效数据进行分类构建安全树。S13. Use a joint analysis method to classify the safety failure data of the entire vehicle in each safety event group to construct a safety tree.
本发明解决其技术问题采用的另一技术方案是，构造一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法。Another technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is to construct a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle is realized.
本发明解决其技术问题采用的再一技术方案是，构造一种电动车辆，包括 处理器，存储在所述处理器中的计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法。Another technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to construct an electric vehicle, including a processor, and a computer program stored in the processor. When the program is executed by the processor, the electric vehicle Security status assessment method.
实施本发明的所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法、计算机可读存储介质以及电动车辆，可以提示电动车辆的整车安全性，为车辆的安全运维提供必要的指导，从而提高电动车辆的安全系数，保障驾驶员和乘客安全。The implementation of the method for evaluating the safety status of electric vehicles, computer-readable storage media, and electric vehicles of the present invention can prompt the safety of the entire electric vehicle, provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle, and thereby improve the performance of the electric vehicle. Safety factor to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.
附图说明Description of the drawings
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:
图1是本发明的优选实施例的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法的第一实施例的流程图；Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明的优选实施例的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法的整车安全失效数据的归类示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the classification of the entire vehicle safety failure data of the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图3a-3c是本发明的优选实施例的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法的部分安全树的示意图；3a-3c are schematic diagrams of part of the safety tree of the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法的计算所述电动车辆的系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数的步骤的流程图。4 is a flowchart of the steps of calculating the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle in the method for evaluating the safety state of the electric vehicle of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
本发明涉及一种电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，包括：S1、构建安全树，所述安全树包括多个安全失效底层事件、安全失效中间事件、安全失效顶层事 件以及所述安全失效底层事件、所述安全失效中间事件、所述安全失效顶层事件之间的逻辑因果关系和安全重要程度；S2、根据所述安全树，计算所述电动车辆的系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数；S3、基于所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数对所述电动车辆进行安全维护管理。The present invention relates to a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle, including: S1, constructing a safety tree, the safety tree including a plurality of safety failure bottom events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top events, and the safety failure bottom events, The logical causality and safety importance between the safety failure intermediate event and the safety failure top-level event; S2, according to the safety tree, calculate the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle; S3 , Performing safety maintenance management on the electric vehicle based on the system failure risk and/or the system safety factor.
图1是本发明的优选实施例的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法的第一实施例的流程图。如图1所示，在步骤S1中，构建安全树，所述安全树包括多个安全失效底层事件、安全失效中间事件、安全失效顶层事件以及所述安全失效底层事件、所述安全失效中间事件、所述安全失效顶层事件之间的逻辑因果关系和安全重要程度。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, in step S1, a safety tree is constructed, the safety tree includes multiple safety failure bottom-level events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top-level events, and the safety failure bottom-level events and the safety failure intermediate events , The logical causality between the top-level events of the safety failure and the degree of safety importance.
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，首先通过CAN总线将所述电动车辆的整车控制器、安全控制器和行车记录仪中的数据传送到平台数据库。然后从所述数据中获取所述电动车辆的整车安全失效数据。将所述整车安全失效数据映射归类到不同的安全事件组别中，并计算各个安全事件组别占全部安全失效的概率。在本发明中安全失效包括参数偏差和突发失效报警，这些事件可以通过电动车大数据监测平台在线实时监测获得，同时也直接关系到电气系统失效事件发生的可能性。例如，可以将整车安全失效数据映射归类制动系统、转向系统、车身零部件等多个子系统或部件，这样就将所述整车安全失效数据按照映射归类的原理计入不同的组别当中，并且统计各个安全事件组别占全部安全失效的概率。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data in the vehicle controller, the safety controller and the driving recorder of the electric vehicle are first transmitted to the platform database through the CAN bus. Then, the vehicle safety failure data of the electric vehicle is obtained from the data. The vehicle safety failure data is mapped into different safety event groups, and the probability of each safety event group accounting for all safety failures is calculated. In the present invention, the safety failure includes parameter deviation and sudden failure alarm. These events can be obtained through online real-time monitoring of the electric vehicle big data monitoring platform, and are directly related to the possibility of electrical system failure events. For example, the vehicle safety failure data can be mapped into multiple subsystems or components such as brake systems, steering systems, body parts, etc., so that the vehicle safety failure data can be included in different groups according to the principle of mapping classification. Among them, the probability of each security event group accounting for all security failures is calculated.
图2是本发明的优选实施例的电动车辆的安全树构建方法的整车安全失效数据的归类示意图。如图2所示，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，可以将所述整车安全失效数据分别映射到结构安全事件、电气安全事件、功能逻辑安全事件、碰撞安全事件、热安全事件、防爆安全事件、运营维修安全事件、环境 安全事件和全生命周期安全事件。上述归纳分析过程可以采用本领域中已知的各种方法，也可以采用已知方法计算各个安全事件组别占全部安全失效的概率，还可以采用电动车辆制造商各自的测量和采集经验数据。最后采用联合分析方法对各个安全事件组别中的所述整车安全失效数据进行分类构建安全树。在本发明的优选实施例中，应用新型联合分析方法进行安全树建模，可以根据安全失效实际情况，选择合适的一种或者多种分析方法，以避免单独使用某种模型构建方法数据状况不适应的弊端，在实际运用过程中能应用方法优势针对性分析，有效简化选择过程。在本发明，可以采用本领域中已知的任何安全树，以及采用本领域中的任何已知安全树。在本发明的进一步的优选实施例中，在本公司申请的在先专利申请CN2019103168721“一种电动车辆的安全树构建方法以及电动车辆”中，公开了一种优选的安全树的构建方法，在此结合引用，以作参考。当然，在本发明的其他优选实施例中，还可以采用其他的安全树构建方法。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the classification of the entire vehicle safety failure data of the method for constructing a safety tree of an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle safety failure data can be mapped to structural safety events, electrical safety events, functional logic safety events, collision safety events, thermal safety events, and explosion-proof events. Safety incidents, operation and maintenance safety incidents, environmental safety incidents and life cycle safety incidents. The above-mentioned inductive analysis process can use various methods known in the art, or use known methods to calculate the probability of each safety event group accounting for all safety failures, or use the respective measurement and collection empirical data of electric vehicle manufacturers. Finally, a joint analysis method is used to classify the safety failure data of the entire vehicle in each safety event group to construct a safety tree. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the new joint analysis method is used for safety tree modeling. According to the actual situation of safety failure, one or more suitable analysis methods can be selected, so as to avoid using a certain model construction method alone. The disadvantages of adaptation can be analyzed by applying method advantages in the actual application process to effectively simplify the selection process. In the present invention, any security tree known in the art can be used, and any known security tree in the art can be used. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the prior patent application CN2019103168721 "A method for constructing a safety tree for electric vehicles and electric vehicles" filed by our company, a preferred method for constructing a safety tree is disclosed. This combined reference is for reference. Of course, in other preferred embodiments of the present invention, other security tree construction methods can also be used.
图3a-3c是本发明的优选实施例的电动车辆的安全树构建方法的构建的部分安全树的示意图。下面基于图3a-3b对本发明的电动车辆的安全树构建方法进一步说明如下。如图3a-3c所示，结构安全事件下面可以细分三个安全失效中间事件，即制动安全事件，行驶传动安全事件，和转向安全事件，我们可以分别对各个事件构建安全树。3a-3c are schematic diagrams of a partial safety tree constructed by the method for constructing a safety tree for an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The following further describes the method for constructing a safety tree for an electric vehicle of the present invention based on FIGS. 3a-3b. As shown in Figures 3a-3c, three safety failure intermediate events can be subdivided under structural safety events, namely, braking safety incidents, driving safety incidents, and steering safety incidents. We can construct a safety tree for each event separately.
在步骤S2中，根据所述安全树，计算所述电动车辆的系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数。在本发明中，系统安全系数是在给定的时间段内、在给定的工作环境下，表征电动车辆电气系统安全程度的定量值。系统风险度是在给定的时间段内、在给定的工作环境下，表征电动车辆电气系统的定量失效风险值。在本发明的优选实施例中，除了后续示出的各个实施例以外，还可以采用 各种已知方法对系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数进行计算。在本发明中，优选的最低系统失效风险度为0，最高系统安全系数为100％。In step S2, the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle is calculated according to the safety tree. In the present invention, the system safety factor is a quantitative value that characterizes the safety degree of the electrical system of an electric vehicle in a given time period and in a given working environment. System risk is the quantitative failure risk value that characterizes the electrical system of an electric vehicle in a given time period and in a given working environment. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the various embodiments shown later, various known methods can also be used to calculate the system failure risk and/or system safety factor. In the present invention, the preferred lowest system failure risk is 0, and the highest system safety factor is 100%.
在步骤S3中，基于所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数对所述电动车辆进行安全维护管理。在本发明的优选实施例中，分别对所述系统失效风险度和所述系统安全系数设定阈值。在本发明的一个优选实施例中，当判定所述系统失效风险度小于设定风险阈值时，对于量产的产品车辆，可允许其出厂，对于正在使用的车辆，允许其继续使用。而当所述系统失效风险度大于或等于设定风险阈值时，对于量产的产品车辆，不允许其出厂，对于正在使用的车辆，不允许其继续使用，可以发出警告，要求其返厂维修。同理，当判定所述安全系数大于设定安全阈值时，对于量产的产品车辆，可允许其出厂，对于正在使用的车辆，允许其继续使用。而当所述安全系数小于或等于设定安全阈值时，对于量产的产品车辆，不允许其出厂，对于正在使用的车辆，不允许其继续使用，可以发出警告，要求其返厂维修。在本发明的进一步的优选实施例中，可以同时检测所述系统失效风险度和所述系统安全系数，当两者都满足要求是，才允许出厂或继续使用，否则要求其返厂回修或者不允许其出厂。经过维修，维护，更新之后，再次进行检测，当其满足要求之后，才能出厂或继续使用。In step S3, the safety maintenance management of the electric vehicle is performed based on the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, thresholds are respectively set for the system failure risk and the system safety factor. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when it is determined that the system failure risk is less than the set risk threshold, the mass-produced product vehicle may be allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use may be allowed to continue to use. When the system failure risk is greater than or equal to the set risk threshold, the mass-produced product vehicle is not allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use is not allowed to continue to use, and a warning can be issued to request it to be returned to the factory for repair . Similarly, when it is determined that the safety factor is greater than the set safety threshold, the mass-produced product vehicle can be allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use can be allowed to continue to use. When the safety factor is less than or equal to the set safety threshold, the mass-produced product vehicle is not allowed to leave the factory, and the vehicle that is in use is not allowed to continue to use, and a warning can be issued to request it to be returned to the factory for repair. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system failure risk and the system safety factor can be detected at the same time. When both meet the requirements, the factory or the continued use is allowed, otherwise it is required to be returned to the factory for repair or It is not allowed to leave the factory. After repair, maintenance, and update, check again, and only after it meets the requirements can it leave the factory or continue to use.
实施本发明的所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，可以提示电动车辆的整车安全性，为车辆的安全运维提供必要的指导，从而提高电动车辆的安全系数，保障驾驶员和乘客安全。The implementation of the method for evaluating the safety status of electric vehicles of the present invention can prompt the safety of the entire electric vehicle and provide necessary guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle, thereby improving the safety factor of the electric vehicle and ensuring the safety of drivers and passengers. .
图4是本发明的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法的计算所述电动车辆的系统失效风险度或系统安全系数的步骤的流程图。本领域技术人员知悉，图4中所示为该系统失效风险度或系统安全系数计算的优选实现方式，基于本发明的教导，本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方法进行相关计算。4 is a flowchart of the steps of calculating the system failure risk or system safety factor of the electric vehicle in the method for evaluating the safety state of the electric vehicle of the present invention. Those skilled in the art know that FIG. 4 shows a preferred implementation method for calculating the system failure risk or system safety factor. Based on the teaching of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also use other methods to perform related calculations.
如图4所示，在步骤S1中，在设定第一时间区间内，统计所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次。如图3b所示，例如可以将行车制动故障、驻车制动故障，液压压力异常，分别作为一个安全失效中间事件，统计例如在一年之内，其分别发生的标准化频次。As shown in FIG. 4, in step S1, the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event is counted within the set first time interval. As shown in Fig. 3b, for example, a service brake failure, a parking brake failure, and an abnormal hydraulic pressure can be regarded as an intermediate event of a safety failure. For example, the standardized frequency of each occurrence within a year can be counted.
在步骤S2中，将所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得标准安全失效中间事件发生频次。In step S2, the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event is converted to a standard working condition to obtain the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
在本步骤中，首先基于所述安全树，分析所述安全失效中间事件所对应的安全失效底层事件对所述安全失效中间事件的影响概率，并将同源的安全失效中间事件的频次按照所述影响概率加权合并以获得加权的标准化频次；然后将所述加权的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次。在本发明中，可以根据安全树，按照安全失效底层事件对安全失效中间事件的作用逻辑和影响概率，将同源安全失效中间事件(指不同的安全失效中间事件由同一个安全失效底层事件导致产生)的频次，按安全失效底层事件影响概率加权合并，得到加权后的安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次。同样以图3b所示的实施例为例，对于制动弹簧损坏这一安全失效底层事件，其同时对应行车制动故障和驻车制动故障这两个同源安全失效中间事件。同理，制动压力异常这一安全失效底层事件同时对应行车制动故障和驻车制动故障这两个同源安全失效中间事件。而如图3b所示，制动弹簧损坏对于行车制动故障和驻车制动故障的影响概率分别是0.3％和0.4％。通过根据影响概率加权合并行车制动故障和驻车制动故障，就可以获得标准安全失效中间事件发生频次。在本发明的进一步的优选实施例中，可以根据所述安全失效中间事件的风险等级获得其加权频次。例如在已知时间区间(t c，t c+Δt]内，安全失效中间事件i对应的标准安全失效中间事件S i(i＝1，...N)，则其相应的加权频次为
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000003
其中，L i＝0，...，10。其中L i＝0，...，10。在本发明中，风险等级Li表征了失效事件(或第i个安全失效中间事件)所引起的与安全性相关的后果。在本发明的优选实施例中，i的具体取值，定义可以参照图3a-3c中示出的安全树。风险等级是对后果严重度的定量评价，通常由专家根据业务特点进行量化定义。本领域中已经有各种对于不同电动车辆的风险等级划分。 In this step, firstly, based on the safety tree, analyze the impact probability of the underlying security failure event corresponding to the security failure intermediate event on the security failure intermediate event, and compare the frequency of the same source security failure intermediate event according to the The influence probability is weighted and combined to obtain a weighted standardized frequency; then the weighted standardized frequency is converted to standard working conditions to obtain the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event. In the present invention, according to the safety tree, according to the action logic and influence probability of the safety failure bottom event on the safety failure intermediate event, the same safety failure intermediate event (referring to different safety failure intermediate events caused by the same safety failure bottom event) The frequency of occurrence) is weighted and combined according to the impact probability of the underlying event of the safety failure to obtain the weighted standardized frequency of the occurrence of the intermediate event of the safety failure. Also taking the embodiment shown in FIG. 3b as an example, for the bottom layer of safety failure event of brake spring damage, it simultaneously corresponds to the two homogenous safety failure intermediate events of service brake failure and parking brake failure. In the same way, the low-level safety failure event of abnormal brake pressure corresponds to the two intermediate safety failure events of the same source, the service brake failure and the parking brake failure. As shown in Figure 3b, the impact probability of brake spring damage on service brake failure and parking brake failure is 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively. By weighting and combining service brake failures and parking brake failures according to the impact probability, the frequency of standard safety failure intermediate events can be obtained. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weighted frequency of the safety failure intermediate event can be obtained according to the risk level of the safety failure intermediate event. For example, in the known time interval (t c , t c +Δt), the standard safety failure intermediate event S i (i=1,...N) corresponding to the safety failure intermediate event i , then the corresponding weighted frequency is
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000003
Among them, Li =0,...,10. Where Li =0,...,10. In the present invention, the risk level Li characterizes the safety-related consequences caused by the failure event (or the i-th safety failure intermediate event). In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific value of i can be defined with reference to the security tree shown in FIGS. 3a-3c. Risk level is a quantitative evaluation of the severity of consequences, which is usually defined quantitatively by experts based on business characteristics. There have been various risk levels for different electric vehicles in the field.
然后，将所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得标准安全失效中间事件发生频次。在本发明的优选实施例中，可以将安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次，通过统计回归分析方法，换算到待计算的工作条件下，并对所有安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次求和，得到给定工作条件下、给定时间区间内电气系统失效事件发生的标准化频次(单位是：次/累积工作时长(里程))。安全失效发生频次标准化是指将不同环境参数下统计得到的安全失效发生频次，换算至统一的规定环境参数下，得到可用于全局分析的等价发生频次。依据所述安全失效中间事件的发生机理，分析影响所述安全失效中间事件的事件发生数量的工作条件。比如可以根据道路状况，温度湿度，负载重量等等工作条件，分析影响所述安全失效中间事件的事件发生数量。在湿度大的情况下，发生制动安全事件、转向安全事件和行驶传动安全事件的数量可能较大。在道路状况差的情况下，发生行驶传动安全事件的数量可能较大。基于所述电动车辆的整车控制器、安全控制器和行车记录仪中的数据中记录的数据，可以完成上述分析判断。Then, the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event is converted to standard working conditions to obtain the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the standardized frequency of the occurrence of safety failure intermediate events can be converted to the working conditions to be calculated by a statistical regression analysis method, and the standardized frequency of occurrence of all safety failure intermediate events can be summed to obtain The standardized frequency of occurrence of electrical system failure events in a given time interval under given working conditions (unit: times/cumulative working hours (mileage)). Standardization of the frequency of occurrence of safety failures means that the frequency of occurrence of safety failures obtained by statistics under different environmental parameters is converted to a uniform specified environmental parameter to obtain an equivalent frequency that can be used for global analysis. According to the occurrence mechanism of the safety failure intermediate event, the working conditions affecting the number of occurrences of the safety failure intermediate event are analyzed. For example, it is possible to analyze the number of events that affect the safety failure intermediate events according to the working conditions such as road conditions, temperature and humidity, and load weight. In the case of high humidity, the number of braking safety incidents, steering safety incidents, and driving transmission safety incidents may be relatively large. In the case of poor road conditions, the number of driving safety incidents may be relatively large. Based on the data recorded in the data in the vehicle controller, the safety controller and the driving recorder of the electric vehicle, the above analysis and judgment can be completed.
在步骤S3中，基于所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次计算所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险权值q i。风险权值q i可以用于描述所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次对失效风险影响程度的参数。当实际的所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次小于最高容忍频次时，风险权值为所述标准安全失效中间事 件发生频次同最高容忍频次的比值；当实际的所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次大于或等于最高容忍频次时，风险权值＝1。最高容忍频次是用于安全失效中间事件归一化风险权值的重要参数，其可以由本领域技术人员根据经验设置。通过对电动车辆长期的观察，测试，可以获得该最高容忍频次。本领域中已经有各种对于不同电动车辆的不同安全失效中间事件的最高容忍频次的规定。 In step S3, the risk weight q i corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event is calculated based on the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event. The risk weight q i can be used to describe the parameter of the influence degree of the failure risk on the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event. When the actual occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event is less than the maximum tolerable frequency, the risk weight is the ratio of the standard safety failure intermediate event occurrence frequency to the maximum tolerable frequency; when the actual standard safety failure intermediate event occurrence frequency When greater than or equal to the highest tolerance frequency, the risk weight = 1. The maximum tolerance frequency is an important parameter used to normalize the risk weight of the intermediate event of a safety failure, which can be set by those skilled in the art based on experience. Through long-term observation and testing of electric vehicles, the highest tolerance frequency can be obtained. There have been various regulations in the field regarding the highest tolerance frequency of different safety failure intermediate events for different electric vehicles.
在步骤S4中，基于所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险权值q i和风险等级Li计算所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险度R i＝q iL i，其中L i＝0，...，10。在本发明中，风险等级Li表征了失效事件(或第i个安全失效中间事件)所引起的与安全性相关的后果。在本发明的优选实施例中，i的具体取值，定义可以参照图3a-3c中示出的安全树。风险等级是对后果严重度的定量评价，通常由专家根据业务特点进行量化定义。本领域中已经有各种对于不同电动车辆的风险等级划分。 In step S4, the security risk of failure based on the weight standard intermediate value q i corresponding to the event and calculating the risk level of the fail-safe standard Li corresponding intermediate event risk R i = q i L i, where L i = 0, ..., 10. In the present invention, the risk level Li characterizes the safety-related consequences caused by the failure event (or the i-th safety failure intermediate event). In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific value of i can be defined with reference to the security tree shown in FIGS. 3a-3c. Risk level is a quantitative evaluation of the severity of consequences, which is usually defined quantitatively by experts based on business characteristics. There have been various risk levels for different electric vehicles in the field.
在步骤S5中，基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数。在本发明的优选实施例中，按照如下公式基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统失效风险度：
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000004
其中N表示全部安全失效的数量，n i表示第i安全失效中间事件对应的安全失效底层事件的数量；Ri表示第i安全失效中间事件的风险度。在本发明的优选实施例中，具体的N和i的具体取值，定义可以参照图3a-3c中示出的安全树。在本发明中，R s的最小值为R min＝0，对应于无风险；R s的最大值为R max＝10(n 1+…+n N)，对应于最大风险。 In step S5, the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor are calculated based on the risk degree corresponding to all the safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system failure risk degree is calculated based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000004
Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific values of N and i can be defined with reference to the security tree shown in FIGS. 3a-3c. In the present invention, the minimum value of R s is R min =0, which corresponds to no risk; the maximum value of R s is R max =10 (n 1 +...+n N ), which corresponds to the maximum risk.
在本发明的进一步的优选实施例中，按照如下公式基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统安全系数
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000005
其中N表示全部安全失效的数量，n i表示第i安全失效中间事件对应的安全失效底层事件的数量；Ri表示第i安全失效中间事件的风险度。0≤SC≤100％。因此，在本发明中，通过输入对应的时间区间(车辆累积工作时长)，标准化后的安全失效中间事件发生频次，给定工作条件，就可以获得系统安全系数。 In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system safety factor is calculated based on the risk degree corresponding to all the safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula
Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-000005
Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event. 0≤SC≤100%. Therefore, in the present invention, the system safety factor can be obtained by inputting the corresponding time interval (accumulated working hours of the vehicle), the frequency of the standardized safety failure intermediate events, and the given working conditions.
通过所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数，可以对电动车辆的安全状态进行评估，根据实时的所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数可以对电动车辆进行安全维护管理。一般情况下，对于经过严格考核和试验测试的量产成品车辆，出厂时其所述系统安全系数为100％，或接近100％。随着车辆故障的发生、数据的更新、大数据之间的共享、寿命的衰减，所述系统安全系数是不断下降的，经过维修、维护、更新之后，所述系统安全系数会得到提升。Through the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor, the safety state of the electric vehicle can be evaluated, and the safety maintenance of the electric vehicle can be performed according to the real-time system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor management. In general, for mass-produced finished vehicles that have undergone rigorous evaluation and testing, the system safety factor is 100%, or close to 100%, when they leave the factory. With the occurrence of vehicle failures, data update, sharing between big data, and life decay, the system safety factor is continuously decreasing, and after repair, maintenance, and updating, the system safety factor will be improved.
实施本发明的所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，可以分析车辆失效风险随时间变化的规律，并对未来的失效风险度进行预测，为车辆的安全运维提供必要的定量化信息基础。The implementation of the safety state assessment method of electric vehicles of the present invention can analyze the law of vehicle failure risk over time, and predict the future failure risk degree, providing a necessary quantitative information basis for the safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle.
因此，本发明可以通过硬件、软件或者软、硬件结合来实现。本发明可以在至少一个计算机系统中以集中方式实现，或者由分布在几个互连的计算机系统中的不同部分以分散方式实现。任何可以实现本发明方法的计算机系统或其它设备都是可适用的。常用软硬件的结合可以是安装有计算机程序的通用计算机系统，通过安装和执行程序控制计算机系统，使其按本发明方法运行。Therefore, the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software or a combination of software and hardware. The present invention can be implemented in a centralized manner in at least one computer system, or implemented in a decentralized manner by different parts distributed in several interconnected computer systems. Any computer system or other equipment that can implement the method of the present invention is applicable. The combination of commonly used software and hardware can be a general computer system with a computer program installed, and the computer system is controlled by installing and executing the program to make it run according to the method of the present invention.
本发明还可以通过计算机程序产品进行实施，程序包含能够实现本发明方法的全部特征，当其安装到计算机系统中时，可以实现本发明的方法。本文件中的计算机程序所指的是：可以采用任何程序语言、代码或符号编写的一组指 令的任何表达式，该指令组使系统具有信息处理能力，以直接实现特定功能，或在进行下述一个或两个步骤之后实现特定功能：a)转换成其它语言、编码或符号；b)以不同的格式再现。The present invention can also be implemented by a computer program product. The program contains all the features capable of implementing the method of the present invention. When it is installed in a computer system, the method of the present invention can be implemented. The computer program in this document refers to any expression of a set of instructions that can be written in any programming language, code, or symbol. The instruction set enables the system to have information processing capabilities to directly implement specific functions, or to perform After one or two steps, a specific function is realized: a) conversion into other languages, codes or symbols; b) reproduction in a different format.
因此本发明还涉及一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法。Therefore, the present invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle is realized.
本发明还涉及电动车辆，包括处理器，存储在所述处理器中的计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法。The present invention also relates to an electric vehicle, including a processor, and a computer program stored in the processor, which implements the safety state assessment method of the electric vehicle when the program is executed by the processor.
实施本发明的所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法、计算机可读存储介质以及电动车辆，可以分析车辆失效风险随时间变化的规律，并对未来的失效风险度进行预测，为车辆的安全运维提供必要的定量化信息基础。Implementing the method for evaluating the safety state of electric vehicles, computer-readable storage media and electric vehicles of the present invention can analyze the law of vehicle failure risk over time, and predict the future failure risk, which is a safe operation for the vehicle. Dimension provides the necessary quantitative information foundation.
虽然本发明是通过具体实施例进行说明的，本领域技术人员应当明白，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，还可以对本发明进行各种变换及等同替代。另外，针对特定情形或材料，可以对本发明做各种修改，而不脱离本发明的范围。因此，本发明不局限于所公开的具体实施例，而应当包括落入本发明权利要求范围内的全部实施方式。Although the present invention is described through specific embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and equivalent substitutions can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, various modifications can be made to the present invention for specific situations or materials without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed specific embodiments, but should include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. Within range.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle, which is characterized in that it includes:
    S1、构建安全树，所述安全树包括多个安全失效底层事件、安全失效中间事件、安全失效顶层事件以及所述安全失效底层事件、所述安全失效中间事件、所述安全失效顶层事件之间的逻辑因果关系和安全重要程度；S1. Construct a safety tree, which includes multiple safety failure bottom-level events, safety failure intermediate events, safety failure top-level events, and between the safety failure bottom-level events, the safety failure intermediate events, and the safety failure top-level events The logical causality and the importance of safety;
    S2、根据所述安全树，计算所述电动车辆的系统失效风险度和/或系统安全系数；S2. Calculate the system failure risk and/or system safety factor of the electric vehicle according to the safety tree;
    S3、基于所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数对所述电动车辆进行安全维护管理。S3. Perform safety maintenance management on the electric vehicle based on the system failure risk and/or the system safety factor.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2进一步包括：The method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 further comprises:
    S21、在设定第一时间区间内，统计所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次；S21. Count the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event within the set first time interval;
    S22、将所述安全失效中间事件发生的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得标准安全失效中间事件发生频次；S22. Converting the standardized frequency of occurrence of the safety failure intermediate event to standard working conditions to obtain the occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event frequency;
    S23、基于所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次计算所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险权值；S23. Calculate the risk weight corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event based on the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event;
    S24、基于所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险权值和风险等级计算所述标准安全失效中间事件对应的风险度；S24: Calculate the risk degree corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event based on the risk weight and risk level corresponding to the standard safety failure intermediate event;
    S25、基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统失效风险度和/或所述系统安全系数。S25: Calculate the system failure risk degree and/or the system safety factor based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于， 所述步骤S22进一步包括：The method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein said step S22 further comprises:
    S221、基于所述安全树，分析所述安全失效中间事件所对应的安全失效底层事件对所述安全失效中间事件的影响概率，并将同源的安全失效中间事件的频次按照所述影响概率加权合并以获得加权的标准化频次；S221. Based on the safety tree, analyze the impact probability of the underlying security failure event corresponding to the security failure intermediate event on the security failure intermediate event, and weight the frequency of the same source security failure intermediate event according to the impact probability Combine to obtain a weighted normalized frequency;
    S222、将所述加权的标准化频次换算到标准工作条件下以获得所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次。S222: Convert the weighted standardized frequency to a standard working condition to obtain the frequency of occurrence of the standard safety failure intermediate event.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S23进一步包括：The method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the step S23 further comprises:
    S231、将所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次与最高容忍频次进行比较，当所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次小于所述最高容忍频次时，所述风险权值＝所述标准安全失效中间事件发生频次/所述最高容忍频次；否则所述风险权值＝1。S231. Compare the occurrence frequency of the standard safety failure intermediate event with the maximum tolerable frequency, and when the standard safety failure intermediate event occurrence frequency is less than the maximum tolerable frequency, the risk weight = the standard safety failure intermediate event Frequency of occurrence/the highest tolerance frequency; otherwise, the risk weight = 1.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项权利要求所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S25进一步包括：The safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step S25 further comprises:
    S251、按照如下公式基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统失效风险度：
    Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-100001
    其中N表示全部安全失效的数量，n i表示第i安全失效中间事件对应的安全失效底层事件的数量；Ri表示第i安全失效中间事件的风险度。     S251: Calculate the system failure risk degree based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula:
    Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-100001
    Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of security failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
  6. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项权利要求所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S25进一步包括：The safety state assessment method of an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step S25 further comprises:
    S25a、按照如下公式基于电动车辆的全部安全失效中间事件对应的风险度和所述安全树计算所述系统安全系数
    Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-100002
    其中N表示全部安全失效的数量，n i表示第i安全失效中间事件对应的安全失效底层事件的数量； Ri表示第i安全失效中间事件的风险度。     S25a. Calculate the system safety factor based on the risk degree corresponding to all safety failure intermediate events of the electric vehicle and the safety tree according to the following formula
    Figure PCTCN2020089421-appb-100002
    Where N represents the number of total safety failures, n i represents the number of safety failure bottom-level events corresponding to the i-th safety failure intermediate event; Ri represents the risk degree of the i-th safety failure intermediate event.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3进一步包括：The method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises:
    S31、判定所述系统失效风险度是否小于设定风险阈值和/或所述安全系数是否大于设定安全阈值，如果是执行步骤S32，否则执行步骤S33；S31. Determine whether the system failure risk level is less than a set risk threshold and/or whether the safety factor is greater than a set safety threshold, if it is, execute step S32, otherwise, execute step S33;
    S32、允许所述电动车辆出厂或者不执行检修；S32. Allow the electric vehicle to leave the factory or not perform maintenance;
    S33、拒绝所述电动车辆出厂或提示执行检修。S33. Refuse the electric vehicle to leave the factory or prompt to perform maintenance.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1进一步包括：The method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 further comprises:
    S11.采集电动车辆的整车安全失效数据；S11. Collect vehicle safety failure data of electric vehicles;
    S12.将所述整车安全失效数据映射归类到不同的安全事件组别中，并分别统计各个安全事件组别频次数据；S12. Map the vehicle safety failure data into different safety event groups, and separately count the frequency data of each safety event group;
    S13.采用联合分析方法对各个安全事件组别中的所述整车安全失效数据进行分类构建安全树。S13. Use a joint analysis method to classify the safety failure data of the entire vehicle in each safety event group to construct a safety tree.
  9. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述程序被处理器执行时实现根据权利要求1-8中任意一项权利要求所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法。A computer-readable storage medium with a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the program is executed by a processor, the method for evaluating the safety state of an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1-8 is implemented .
  10. 一种电动车辆，其特征在于，包括处理器，存储在所述处理器中的计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现根据权利要求1-8中任意一项权利要求所述的电动车辆的安全状态评估方法。An electric vehicle, comprising a processor, a computer program stored in the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1-8 is realized The security status assessment method.
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