WO2020228474A1 - 闪蒸式封闭换热器 - Google Patents

闪蒸式封闭换热器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020228474A1
WO2020228474A1 PCT/CN2020/085059 CN2020085059W WO2020228474A1 WO 2020228474 A1 WO2020228474 A1 WO 2020228474A1 CN 2020085059 W CN2020085059 W CN 2020085059W WO 2020228474 A1 WO2020228474 A1 WO 2020228474A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
negative pressure
water
closed
enclosed
shell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/085059
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨建国
周成君
康建慧
谢伟波
曹文杰
毛同芹
赵辉
郝立煊
Original Assignee
北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 filed Critical 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司
Priority to EP20806554.0A priority Critical patent/EP3971509A4/en
Priority to AU2020276755A priority patent/AU2020276755B2/en
Priority to JP2021563321A priority patent/JP7417630B2/ja
Priority to US17/606,044 priority patent/US20220252351A1/en
Priority to CA3138404A priority patent/CA3138404C/en
Publication of WO2020228474A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228474A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/14—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/06—Spray nozzles or spray pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/08—Fluid driving means, e.g. pumps, fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular to a flash-type enclosed heat exchanger.
  • Heat exchanger is a kind of equipment used to exchange heat between cold and heat medium, also known as heat exchanger. Heat exchangers occupy an important position in chemical, petroleum, power, food and many other industrial productions. In actual production, heat exchangers can be used as heaters, coolers, condensers, evaporators and reboilers, etc., and are widely used .
  • Existing heat exchangers usually include an open cavity with heat exchange coils.
  • a large amount of low-temperature outdoor natural wind enters the open cavity and absorbs heat from the heat exchange coils when flowing through the heat exchange coils. , It becomes high-temperature air and is discharged out of the cavity, so as to realize the cooling effect of the medium in the heat exchange coil.
  • the problem with this traditional air-cooled heat exchanger is that the cooling effect of the heat exchanger is greatly affected by the external environment.
  • the heat exchange efficiency of the natural wind and the heat exchange coil is relatively low. High, the cooling effect of the heat exchanger is better; when the temperature or humidity of the natural wind outside is too high, the heat exchange efficiency between the natural wind and the radiating coil becomes poor, which will seriously affect the cooling effect of the entire heat exchanger. It can't even be cooled.
  • the existing heat exchanger has been improved.
  • a nozzle 2 is set at the air inlet of the open cavity 1, and the water sprayed from the nozzle 2 can reduce the natural wind temperature around the nozzle; because the natural wind temperature entering the open cavity 1 is Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of the natural wind and the heat exchange coil 3 is improved. Therefore, the improved heat exchanger has a better cooling effect than the traditional heat exchanger.
  • the present invention provides a flash-type enclosed heat exchanger, which promotes the conversion of water from liquid to gas in the enclosed shell, thereby absorbing heat and releasing cold, so that the temperature in the enclosed shell is reduced, and the medium in the heat exchange device Cool, or directly cool the medium in the enclosed shell.
  • the specific technical solutions are:
  • a flash-type enclosed heat exchanger includes a closed shell.
  • a negative pressure fan is arranged on the closed shell.
  • the negative pressure fan forms a negative pressure environment inside the closed shell.
  • a water atomization device and water mist are arranged in the closed shell. The atomization device sprays the atomized water into the closed shell, so that the atomized water evaporates into steam in a negative pressure environment.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized water in the enclosed casing.
  • the pressure of the negative pressure environment in the closed shell is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
  • one side of the closed shell is provided with a water atomization device, and the other side is provided with a negative pressure fan.
  • the closed shell is provided with a heat exchange device.
  • the heat exchange device is located between the water atomization device and the negative pressure fan.
  • a first static pressure cavity is formed between the pressure fan and the heat exchange device, and a second static pressure cavity is formed between the water atomization device and the heat exchange device.
  • the negative pressure fan creates a negative pressure environment in the second static pressure cavity.
  • the atomizing device sprays the atomized water into the second static pressure chamber to evaporate the atomized water into steam.
  • the pressure in the second static pressure chamber is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
  • a pressure regulating device is provided in the second static pressure chamber, and the pressure regulating device can promote the flow of steam in the enclosed shell.
  • the air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the closed shell, and the air outlet is arranged inside the closed shell.
  • the regulated air flow can enter the closed shell through the pressure regulating device to promote the flow of steam in the closed shell.
  • the pressure regulating device is a tubular structure, one end of the tubular structure is an open end, the other end is a closed end, the open end of the tubular structure is located outside the closed casing, and the part of the tubular structure located in the closed casing is provided with multiple air outlets to regulate airflow It enters into the closed shell through the open end and the air outlet of the tubular structure.
  • the pressure regulating device is a fan.
  • the fan is arranged inside the closed casing.
  • the heat exchange device has a square structure, one side of the square structure is correspondingly provided with a water atomization device, and the opposite side is correspondingly provided with a negative pressure fan.
  • a plurality of heat exchange devices are arranged at intervals in the closed shell.
  • the water atomization device is arranged in the lower part of the closed casing, the negative pressure fan is arranged in the upper part of the closed casing, and the water atomization device sprays the generated atomized water into the closed casing from bottom to top.
  • the water atomization device is arranged on the upper part of the closed shell, the negative pressure fan is arranged on the side wall of the closed shell, and the negative pressure fan is arranged near the lower part of the side wall of the closed shell.
  • the water atomization device will produce atomized water Spray from top to bottom into the closed shell.
  • the heat exchange device has a V-shaped structure
  • the water atomization device is provided corresponding to the two outer sides of the V-shaped structure
  • the negative pressure fan is provided corresponding to the middle chamber of the V-shaped structure.
  • the heat exchange device has a cylindrical structure
  • the water atomization device is arranged corresponding to the outer surface of the cylindrical structure
  • the negative pressure fan is arranged corresponding to the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure.
  • the heat exchange device is a condenser.
  • the closed shell is provided with an air inlet duct and an air outlet duct.
  • the air outlet duct is arranged close to the negative pressure fan, and the air inlet duct is arranged away from the negative pressure fan.
  • the cooled material enters the enclosed shell through the air inlet duct and passes through the air outlet.
  • the pipe drains out of the enclosed shell.
  • the heat exchange device can achieve cooling effect through radiation in a low temperature environment, and is not affected by the temperature and humidity of the natural wind. It can be used in more areas with different environments;
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention has a small installed capacity and a small space occupied by the entire equipment, which is convenient for installation and saves space;
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention realizes refrigeration completely through the evaporation of atomized water.
  • the process of changing the water from liquid to gas can release cold refrigeration, and at the same time, the temperature of the steam discharged by the equipment will not increase, so In the refrigeration process, no heat is actually discharged into the atmosphere, and no heat island effect is produced. Not only the refrigeration efficiency is high, but the refrigeration effect is stable and reliable.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing heat exchanger.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 3 of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 3 of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 4 of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fifth embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sixth embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a side cross-sectional view of the seventh embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a top cross-sectional view of the seventh embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the eighth embodiment of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention includes a closed shell, and a negative pressure fan is arranged on the side wall of the closed shell.
  • the negative pressure fan can keep the environment inside the closed shell under a stable negative pressure.
  • a water atomization device is arranged inside the closed shell. The water atomization device can convert water into mist-like atomized water. The atomized water is dispersed in the negative pressure environment in the closed shell and quickly flashes into cold wet steam. Release cold to reduce the ambient temperature in the enclosed shell.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger includes a closed shell 101, which is rectangular in shape, surrounded by a plate structure, and a containing chamber is formed inside.
  • the bottom of the containing chamber is provided with a water atomization device 102, which sprays the generated atomized water into the containing chamber from bottom to top; the top of the containing chamber is provided with a negative pressure fan 103 and a negative pressure fan 103
  • the gas in the closed casing 101 is continuously discharged out of the closed casing 101, so that a uniform and stable negative pressure environment is formed in the containing chamber.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan 103 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized water in the closed casing 101.
  • the steam in the closed casing 101 can be fully discharged to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized water.
  • the negative pressure environment in the closed housing 101 can be maintained.
  • the atomized water generated by the water atomization device 102 flashes quickly in the negative pressure environment of the containing chamber, and the water mist is transformed into steam, which absorbs heat and reduces the environmental temperature in the enclosed casing 101.
  • the steam flashed by the atomized water can be discharged out of the enclosed housing 101 through the negative pressure fan 103, so that the atomized water in the containing chamber evaporates into steam continuously, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged through the negative pressure fan 103 and closed Outside the casing 101 to complete the refrigeration.
  • the substance can be cooled, lowered in temperature, etc.
  • the water atomization device 102 includes a water supply pipe.
  • the water supply pipe is arranged at the bottom of the closed casing 101, communicates with a water tank or a water pipe outside the closed casing 101, and continuously supplies water into the closed casing 101; the water supply pipe can be a single
  • the linear pipeline can also be arranged side by side with two or more pipelines, or a single pipeline can be arranged in a disk shape.
  • a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are scattered on the water supply pipeline, and the water in the water supply pipeline can be sprayed out through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles to form mist-like atomized water, which is dispersed in the containing chamber.
  • the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form atomized water.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger includes a closed shell 201, the closed shell 201 is rectangular, surrounded by a plate structure, and a containing chamber is formed inside.
  • the top of the containing chamber is provided with a water atomizing device 202, which sprays the atomized water into the containing chamber from top to bottom; a negative pressure is provided on the side wall of the closed shell 201 near the bottom of the containing chamber.
  • the fan 203, the negative pressure fan 203 continuously discharges the gas in the closed casing 201 out of the closed casing 201, so that a uniform and stable negative pressure environment is formed in the containing chamber.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan 203 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized water in the closed casing 201.
  • the steam in the closed casing 201 can be fully discharged to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized water.
  • the negative pressure environment in the closed housing 201 can be maintained.
  • the water atomization device 202 includes a water supply pipe, which is arranged on the top of the closed casing 201 and communicates with a water tank or a water pipe outside the closed casing 201 to continuously supply water to the closed casing 201.
  • a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are scattered on the water supply pipeline, and the water in the water supply pipeline can be sprayed out through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles to form mist-like atomized water, which is dispersed in the containing chamber.
  • the atomized water produced by the water atomization device 202 flashes quickly in the negative pressure environment of the containing chamber, changes from the water mist phase to steam, absorbs heat, reduces the ambient temperature in the enclosed shell 201, and the atomized water flashes
  • the discharged steam can be continuously discharged out of the closed casing 201 through the negative pressure fan 203.
  • the basic cooling principle of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention is: in a closed environment, it promotes the evaporation of water from a liquid to a gaseous state and releases cold energy.
  • the main factors that promote water evaporation are: 1) the larger the surface area of the water, the more conducive to the evaporation of water; 2) the greater the negative pressure of the environment, the easier it is for water molecules to separate from each other to form steam.
  • the specific solutions for promoting the evaporation of water from liquid to gas in the present invention include:
  • the water atomization device is used to atomize the water into small droplets.
  • the droplet-like water surface area is greatly increased, which can accelerate the evaporation.
  • the droplet-like water movement is active and can be scattered around in the enclosed shell to accelerate the change. Thermal evaporation.
  • the closed shell cooperates with the negative pressure fan to keep the space in the closed shell always in a negative pressure environment, so that the pressure in the closed shell is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20Pa. At this time, it has been atomized into small droplets. The water molecules on the surface of the water are easier to break away from the body of the droplet and turn into steam.
  • the ambient atmospheric pressure here refers to the atmospheric pressure value of the working environment where the flash-type closed heat exchanger is located.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger includes a closed shell 301, one side of the closed shell 301 is provided with a water atomization device 302, and the other side is provided with a negative pressure fan 303, and the closed shell 301 is provided with a heat exchange device, which is located between the water atomization device 302 and the negative pressure fan 303, a first static pressure cavity is formed between the negative pressure fan 303 and the heat exchange device, and the water atomization device 302 and the heat exchange device A second static pressure cavity is formed between the heating devices.
  • the negative pressure fan 303 creates a negative pressure environment in the second static pressure cavity.
  • the water atomization device 302 sprays atomized water into the second static pressure cavity to atomize The water evaporates into cold wet steam.
  • the basic cooling principle in the third embodiment is: in a closed environment, promote the evaporation of water from a liquid to a gaseous state, releasing cold energy.
  • the main factors that promote water evaporation are: 1) the larger the surface area of the water, the more conducive to the evaporation of water; 2) the greater the negative pressure of the environment, the easier it is for water molecules to separate from each other to form steam; 3) The higher the temperature, the faster the evaporation of water.
  • the specific solutions for promoting the evaporation of water from liquid to gas in the present invention include:
  • the water atomization device is used to atomize the water into small droplets.
  • the droplet-like water surface area is greatly increased, which can accelerate the evaporation.
  • the droplet-like water movement is active and can be scattered around in the enclosed shell to accelerate the change. Thermal evaporation.
  • the closed shell cooperates with the negative pressure fan, so that the second static pressure chamber and the first static pressure chamber in the closed shell always maintain a negative pressure environment, so that the pressure in the second static pressure chamber is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20Pa
  • the ambient atmospheric pressure here refers to the atmospheric pressure value of the working environment where the closed heat exchanger is located.
  • the high-temperature medium flowing into the heat exchange device will absorb the cold and release heat in the enclosed shell to complete the heat exchange.
  • the heat exchange device will generate radiant heat. Therefore, when the droplets approach the heat exchange device, they will radiate heat. Under the action, the evaporation is accelerated, and the heat of the high-temperature medium is further absorbed to cool down.
  • the small mist droplets that have not completely evaporated into steam pass through the heat exchange device, they can also exchange heat by directly contacting the heat exchange device to assist in cooling and cooling. Since the volume of the water atomized into droplets becomes smaller, it is easier to move around, which speeds up the fluidity of the droplets and can quickly complete heat exchange with the heat exchange device; and the small-volume droplets are in direct contact with the heat exchange process Most of the heat absorption is evaporated into steam, which greatly improves the refrigeration efficiency.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention adopts a closed shell.
  • the closed shell is to prevent outdoor wind from entering the shell and prevent the inside of the shell. Excessive outdoor wind will affect the evaporation of atomized water in the enclosed shell.
  • the existing air-cooled equipment is just the opposite. The heat exchange and refrigeration are realized by the wind flowing through the heat exchange device in the equipment. Therefore, the larger the air volume entering the equipment shell, the better the cooling effect of the air-cooled equipment.
  • the closed shell of the present invention is not equivalent to a completely sealed shell.
  • the negative pressure When the fan is exhausted, the air in the external environment may enter the enclosed shell through the gap. This small amount of air intake will not affect the overall negative pressure environment in the enclosed shell.
  • the speed of the negative pressure fan or the pressure regulating device By adjusting the speed of the negative pressure fan or the pressure regulating device, the negative pressure environment in the enclosed shell can be kept at a relatively stable pressure value. It has an impact on the evaporation effect of the atomized water, that is, it will not affect the cooling effect of the equipment.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention promotes the evaporation of atomized water in the enclosed negative pressure environment, so that the overall temperature in the enclosed environment is reduced, so as to achieve the effect of refrigeration, and is not affected by the temperature and humidity of the external natural wind. It can be used in more areas with different environments, with high cooling efficiency and stable and reliable cooling effect.
  • the flash-type closed heat exchanger includes a closed shell 301, the closed shell 301 is rectangular, surrounded by a plate structure, and a receiving cavity is formed inside room.
  • the bottom of the containing chamber is provided with a water atomization device 302, the top of the containing chamber is provided with a negative pressure fan 303, and the middle of the containing chamber is provided with a heat exchange device 304.
  • the heat exchange device 304 is located at the water atomization device 302 and the negative pressure Between the fans 303.
  • the heat exchange device 304 is a square coil condenser.
  • the heat exchange device may also be other existing heat exchangers, and is not limited to condensers.
  • a second static pressure cavity 305 is formed between the heat exchange device 304 and the water atomization device 302, and a first static pressure cavity 306 is formed between the heat exchange device 304 and the negative pressure fan 303.
  • the negative pressure fan 303 continues to close the housing
  • the gas in 301 is discharged out of the closed casing 301, so that a uniform and stable negative pressure environment is formed in the second static pressure chamber 305 and the first static pressure chamber 306.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan 303 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized water in the closed casing 301.
  • the steam in the closed casing 301 can be fully discharged to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized water.
  • the negative pressure environment in the closed housing 301 can be maintained.
  • the water atomization device 302 sprays the generated atomized water into the second static pressure chamber 305.
  • the atomized water quickly evaporates in the negative pressure environment of the second static pressure chamber 305, and the water mist phase changes to steam, which absorbs heat.
  • the temperature of the environment in the closed shell 301 is reduced; the high-temperature medium in the heat exchange device 304 absorbs cold when passing through the low-temperature environment in the closed shell 301, so that the temperature of the high-temperature medium is reduced.
  • the first static pressure chamber 306 is also a negative pressure environment
  • the vapor evaporated in the second static pressure chamber 305 will pass through the heat exchange device 304 into the first static pressure chamber 306, and then be discharged and closed by the negative pressure fan 303 Outside the housing 301.
  • the atomized water in the second static pressure cavity 305 continuously evaporates into steam, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged out of the closed casing 301 through the negative pressure fan 303 to complete cooling.
  • the water atomization device 302 includes a water supply pipe, which is arranged at the bottom of the second static pressure chamber 305, communicates with a water tank or a water pipe outside the closed housing 301, and continuously supplies water to the closed housing 301;
  • the water supply pipe can be It is a single linear pipeline, or two or more pipelines are arranged side by side, or a single pipeline is arranged in a disk shape.
  • a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are scattered on the water supply pipeline, and the water in the water supply pipeline can be sprayed out through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles to form mist-like atomized water, which is dispersed in the second static pressure cavity 305.
  • the high-pressure atomization nozzles are all set toward the direction of the heat exchange device 304, so that the atomized water can be sprayed to the heat exchange device 304 better.
  • the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form atomized water.
  • a pressure regulating device 307 is also provided in the second static pressure chamber 305, and the pressure regulating device 307 can promote the flow of steam and atomized water in the closed casing 301.
  • the pressure regulating device 307 includes a slender pipe, which is arranged close to the water atomization device 302; the first end of the pipe is a closed end, and the first end extends into the second static pressure chamber 305, and the first end of the pipe The two ends are open ends, and the second end is located outside the closed casing 301; the part of the pipe fitting in the second static pressure chamber 305 has a plurality of air outlet holes scattered on the pipe wall.
  • a sealing cover is provided at the open end of the second end of the pipe fitting.
  • the air can be blocked by the sealing cover and the pressure regulating device 307 can be closed;
  • the sealing degree of the sealing cover By adjusting the sealing degree of the sealing cover, the amount of air entering can be controlled, and then the degree of flow of atomized water and steam in the second static pressure chamber 305 can be adjusted.
  • the pressure regulating device may also be one or more fans, and the fans are arranged close to the water atomizing device 302, and the rotation of the fans can promote the flow of steam and atomized water in the enclosed casing 301.
  • the closed shell of the present invention needs to inhibit natural wind from entering the inside of the shell, which is different from the pressure regulating device of the present invention. conflict.
  • the pressure regulating device can make the external natural wind enter the closed shell, the air volume that can enter is very small, which is similar to the natural wind that enters through the gap between the shell plate and the plate.
  • the purpose of setting the pressure regulating device is to promote the flow of atomized water and steam after the water has evaporated through the movement of the micro air flow, on the one hand, accelerate the steam from the second static pressure chamber to the first static pressure Cavity movement promotes the discharge of steam, and on the one hand promotes the evaporation of atomized water. That is to say, the small amount of natural wind entering the enclosed shell through the pressure regulating device itself cannot achieve the effect of cooling the heat exchange device, which is essentially different from the existing air-cooled equipment.
  • the present invention also provides a refrigeration method based on a flash heat exchanger, which includes the following steps: the low-temperature atomized water droplets sprayed from the nozzle of the water atomization device 302 are gradually changed from the aerosol under the action of the negative pressure fan 303 The zone (the second static pressure chamber 305 in FIG. 4) sequentially moves to the heat exchange zone, and the high negative pressure space zone (the first static pressure chamber 306 in FIG. 4) drifts until it exits the heat exchange device 304.
  • each The small water droplets continuously absorb the heat radiated by the heat exchange device 304, and the water molecules on the surface of the small water droplets escape from the internal force of the small water droplets under the dual action of negative pressure and radiation to form gaseous water molecules, and the continuously supplied atomized water is replaced
  • the heat in the heating device 304 is continuously carried out to cool the cooling medium in the heat exchange device 304; the water vapor and the unevaporated water droplets are discharged out of the closed shell 301 under the action of negative pressure.
  • the cavity formed by the closed shell 301 forms a high negative pressure zone at the part close to the negative pressure fan 303, and the water vapor in the cavity is continuously discharged from the closed shell 301; the part where the heat exchange device 304 is arranged is the heat exchange zone; The part of the water atomization device 302 is an aerosol zone. From a macro point of view, the bottom-up process of water droplets in the cavity is through the action of negative pressure. The water molecules on the surface of the water droplets continuously carry out the heat in the heat exchange device 304 through the non-boiling phase change evaporation heat absorption, so as to achieve The effect of cooling the medium in the heat exchange device 304.
  • the pressure regulating device 307 is arranged close to the water atomizing device 302, and the gas introduced through the pressure regulating device 307 and the water mist dispersed and suspended in the cavity of the closed casing 301 in a negative pressure environment form an aerosol, which exchanges heat
  • the device 304 performs radiant heat exchange with the water mist, and the water mist performs a non-boiling phase change to take the heat away from the water vapor and the unevaporated water mist to directly discharge into the atmosphere.
  • the inner wall of the enclosed shell 301 and/or the surface of the heat exchange device 304 are coated with a water-repellent agent, which is a pollution-free and pollution-free superhydrophobic substance, which minimizes the spraying of fine particles.
  • the water droplets collide and combine to form super-large water droplets that are combined on the inner wall of the closed casing 301 and the surface of the heat exchange device 304 to avoid the formation of water droplets hanging on the wall and affect heat exchange efficiency.
  • the fine water droplets suspended in the aerosol zone and the heat exchange device 304 perform sufficient radiation heat exchange for a longer time.
  • the negative pressure fan 303 is a magnetic levitation negative pressure fan.
  • the magnetic levitation negative pressure fan adopts technologies such as magnetic suspension bearings, high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors, high-efficiency frequency converters, and other technologies. Some magnetic suspension negative pressure fan structure, the specific structure will not be repeated.
  • the magnetic levitation negative pressure fan creates a lower negative pressure environment inside the relatively closed enclosure 301, and strengthens the generalized evaporation heat exchange of the small water droplets.
  • the magnetic levitation fan can increase the rotation speed of the fan, so that the negative pressure in the enclosed casing 301 is higher, and greater cooling efficiency is obtained.
  • the water atomization device 302 has the first cooling function after spraying the water mist. Therefore, the water can be used directly under different temperature conditions and humidity conditions, and the use requirements can be met without processing the water, and the cost can be further reduced.
  • the water atomization device 302 can be a high-pressure pump atomizer, and the high-pressure water generated by the high-pressure water pump is atomized at a nozzle; or the water atomization device 302 can be a compressed air atomizer, and the nozzle passes through
  • the air compressor interface is connected with the air compressor, and the water storage device is connected through the water inlet, and the water is atomized under the action of the high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor; or the water atomization device 302 can be an ultrasonic atomizer, so
  • the ultrasonic atomizer includes an ultrasonic atomizer sheet, and the ultrasonic atomizer sheet cooperates with ultrasonic waves to atomize water.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger includes a closed shell 401, the closed shell 401 is rectangular, surrounded by a plate structure, and a containing chamber is formed inside.
  • the top of the containing chamber is provided with a water atomization device 402, a negative pressure fan 403 is provided on the side wall of the closed shell 401 near the bottom of the containing chamber, and a heat exchange device is provided in the middle of the containing chamber. Between the atomization device 402 and the negative pressure fan 403.
  • a second static pressure cavity is formed between the heat exchange device and the water atomization device 402, and a first static pressure cavity is formed between the heat exchange device and the negative pressure fan 403.
  • the negative pressure fan 403 continuously closes the gas in the housing 401 Exhaust the closed casing 401 to form a uniform and stable negative pressure environment in the second static pressure chamber and the first static pressure chamber.
  • the water atomization device 402 sprays the generated atomized water into the second static pressure chamber.
  • the atomized water quickly evaporates in the negative pressure environment of the second static pressure chamber, and the water mist phase changes to steam, absorbs heat, and seals
  • the ambient temperature in the casing 401 decreases; the high-temperature medium in the heat exchange device absorbs cold energy when passing through the low-temperature environment in the closed casing 401, so that the high-temperature medium decreases the temperature.
  • the vapor evaporated in the second static pressure chamber will pass through the heat exchange device into the first static pressure chamber, and then be discharged out of the closed housing 401 by the negative pressure fan 403; water that is not completely evaporated or not fully atomized into droplets, After flowing through the heat exchange device, it flows to the bottom of the first static pressure chamber.
  • the bottom of the first static pressure chamber is provided with a water recovery pipeline.
  • the water collected at the bottom of the first static pressure chamber can be discharged from the first static pressure chamber through the water recovery pipeline. Outside the pressure chamber.
  • the atomized water in the second static pressure cavity continuously evaporates into steam, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged out of the closed casing 401 through the negative pressure fan 403 to complete cooling.
  • the water recovery pipeline is connected to the water atomization device 402, and the water discharged through the water recovery pipeline can be atomized again through the water atomization device 402 after recovery.
  • the water atomization device 402 includes a water supply pipe, which is arranged at the top of the second static pressure chamber, communicates with a water tank or a water pipe outside the enclosed housing 401, and continuously supplies water to the enclosed housing 401; the water supply pipes are scattered A plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are provided, and the water in the water supply pipeline can be sprayed through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles to form mist-like atomized water, which is dispersed in the second static pressure cavity.
  • the heat exchange device 504 in the closed shell 501 includes three groups.
  • the three groups of heat exchange devices 504 are arranged up and down at intervals, and each group of heat exchange devices A water atomization device 502 is correspondingly provided below 504.
  • the top of the closed shell 501 is provided with a negative pressure fan 503, and a first static pressure cavity 506 is formed between the uppermost heat exchange device 504 and the closed shell 501; the rotation of the negative pressure fan 503 can make three groups of heat exchange devices 504 A negative pressure environment is formed between the corresponding water atomization device 502 to promote the atomized water to become steam; the steam passes through the heat exchange device 504 into the first static pressure cavity 506, and is discharged from the closed casing 501 by the negative pressure fan 503 outer.
  • the heat exchange devices 504 in the fifth embodiment can also be arranged in two or more groups arranged up and down at intervals.
  • the difference from the third embodiment is that in the sixth embodiment, the heat exchange device 604 in the closed shell 601 is arranged in a V shape, and the V-shaped opening of the V-shaped heat exchange device 604 faces the closed shell
  • the negative pressure fan 603 on the top of the 601 is set.
  • a water atomization device 602 is provided on the inner surface of the closed casing 601 on both sides of the V-shaped heat exchange device 604, and a water atomization device 602 is also provided at the bottom of the closed casing 601.
  • the water atomization device 602 and the V A second static pressure cavity 605 is formed between the font-shaped heat exchange device 604; a first static pressure cavity 606 is formed between the middle part of the V-shaped heat exchange device 604 and the negative pressure fan 603.
  • the negative pressure fan 603 rotates to make the second static pressure cavity 605 and the first static pressure cavity 606 in the enclosed housing 601 form a negative pressure environment.
  • the water atomization device 602 sprays the atomized water into the V shape through the high pressure atomization nozzle.
  • the heating device 604 the atomized water evaporates into steam in the second static pressure cavity 605, and the steam passes through the heat exchange device 604 into the first static pressure cavity 606, and is discharged out of the closed casing 601 through the negative pressure fan 603.
  • a pressure regulating device 607 is also provided on the closed housing 601 close to the water atomizing device 602.
  • the pressure regulating device 607 includes two fans symmetrically arranged on both sides of the V-shaped heat exchange device 604, and the fans are located beside the water atomizing device 602 , The rotation of the fan can promote the flow of steam and atomized water in the enclosed casing 601.
  • the fan can also be directly installed on the water atomizing device 602, and the number of installations can also be one or more.
  • the fan can be fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the closed casing 601, and is completely located inside the closed casing 601; or a small round hole can be opened on the side wall of the closed casing 601, and the fan can be arranged in the small round hole to make a small amount of The external natural wind can enter the enclosed housing 601 through the fan to promote the flow of steam and atomized water.
  • the V-shaped heat exchange device 604 has a larger surface area, and the evaporation efficiency of the atomized water is higher, so that the overall cooling effect of the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger is better.
  • the difference from the third embodiment is that in the seventh embodiment, the closed casing 701 is cylindrical as a whole, and the containing chamber formed in the closed casing 701 is also cylindrical.
  • a heat exchange device 704 is arranged in the middle of the accommodating chamber, and the heat exchange device 704 is a hollow cylinder as a whole.
  • a water atomization device 702 is provided on the side wall of the closed housing 701.
  • the water atomization device 702 includes a water supply pipe.
  • the water supply pipes are evenly distributed on the entire side wall of the closed housing 701.
  • the water supply pipes are scattered Multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles.
  • a second static pressure cavity 705 is formed between the water atomization device 702 and the cylindrical heat exchange device 704, and the hollow structure in the middle of the cylindrical heat exchange device 704 forms a first static pressure cavity 706.
  • a negative pressure fan 703 is provided on the top of the closed casing 701, and the negative pressure fan 703 is directly connected to the first static pressure cavity 706.
  • the negative pressure fan 703 rotates to make the second static pressure cavity 705 and the first static pressure cavity 706 in the enclosed housing 701 form a negative pressure environment.
  • the water atomization device 702 sprays the atomized water to the cylindrical shape through the high pressure atomization nozzle In the heat exchange device 704, the atomized water evaporates into steam in the second static pressure cavity 705, and the steam passes through the heat exchange device 704 into the first static pressure cavity 706, and is discharged out of the closed casing 701 through the negative pressure fan 703.
  • a pressure regulating device 707 is also provided on the closed housing 701 close to the water atomization device 702.
  • the pressure regulating device 707 includes a plurality of fans, which are scattered on the inner side of the side wall of the closed housing 701. The rotation of the fans can promote the closure. The flow of steam and atomized water in the housing 701.
  • the fan can also be directly arranged on the water atomization device 702, and the number of the fans can be adjusted adaptively according to the size of the closed casing 701.
  • the fan can be fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the closed casing 701 and completely located inside the closed casing 701; or a small circular hole can be opened on the side wall of the closed casing 701, and the fan can be arranged in the small circular hole to make a small amount of The external natural wind can enter the enclosed housing 701 through the fan to promote the flow of steam and atomized water.
  • This cylindrical heat exchange device 704 has a larger surface area, and the atomized water generated by the water atomization device 702 surrounds the entire surface of the cylindrical heat exchange device 704, so that the evaporation efficiency of the atomized water is higher, thereby making The overall cooling effect of the flash-type closed heat exchanger is better.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention can use the low-temperature environment in the enclosed space to directly cool the material that needs to be cooled, without the need for a heat exchange device Or the heat transfer medium transfers temperature.
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger includes a closed shell 801, a containing chamber is formed in the closed shell 801, a water atomizing device 802 is provided in the containing chamber, and the water atomizing device 802 is provided.
  • the atomized water can be sprayed toward the center of the containing chamber, so that the containing chamber of the closed shell 801 is fully dispersed with small droplets.
  • the water atomization device 802 includes a water supply pipe, which is arranged on the side wall of the closed housing 801, communicates with a water tank or a water pipe outside the closed housing 801, and continuously supplies water to the closed housing 801;
  • the water supply pipe can be
  • a single linear pipeline can also be two or more pipelines arranged side by side, or a single pipeline can be arranged in a disk shape.
  • a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are scattered on the water supply pipeline, and the water in the water supply pipeline can be sprayed out through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles to form mist-like atomized water.
  • the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form atomized water.
  • a negative pressure fan 803 is provided on the upper part of the closed housing 801.
  • One side of the negative pressure fan 803 is connected to the containing chamber of the closed housing 801, and the other side is connected with an air outlet duct 808.
  • the negative pressure fan 803 will continue to be closed.
  • the gas in the casing 801 is discharged through the air outlet pipe 808 so as to maintain a stable negative pressure environment in the closed casing 801.
  • the negative pressure environment can promote the evaporation of atomized water into steam and release cold energy.
  • the lower part of the closed shell 801 is connected with an air inlet pipe 809, and the connection between the air inlet pipe 809 and the closed shell 801 is provided with a valve 810.
  • the valve 810 can control the air inlet volume of the air inlet pipe 809 so that the air inlet volume of the air inlet pipe 809 can be controlled. It is smaller than the air output of the air outlet duct 808, thereby maintaining a stable negative pressure environment in the closed casing 801.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan 803 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized water in the closed casing 801; the pressure in the closed casing 801 is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
  • the water atomization device 802 sprays atomized water into the closed shell 801, and the negative pressure fan 803 maintains a negative pressure environment in the closed shell 801, promotes the conversion of water from liquid to gas, and releases cold energy.
  • Both the air inlet duct 809 and the outlet duct 808 are connected to the indoor environment.
  • the indoor air enters the enclosed shell 801 through the air inlet duct 809, cools down in the low temperature environment in the enclosed shell 801, and then is cooled by the negative pressure fan 803 Under the rotation, it is discharged into the room through the air outlet duct 808 to achieve the effect of cooling the indoor environment.
  • the air inlet duct 809 and the air outlet duct 808 can also pass other materials that require cooling.
  • the heat exchange device can achieve cooling effect through radiation in a low temperature environment, and is not affected by the temperature and humidity of the natural wind. It can be used in more areas with different environments;
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention has a small installed capacity and a small space occupied by the entire equipment, which is convenient for installation and saves space;
  • the flash-type enclosed heat exchanger of the present invention realizes refrigeration completely through the evaporation of atomized water.
  • the process of changing the water from liquid to gas can release cold refrigeration, and at the same time, the temperature of the steam discharged by the equipment will not increase, so In the refrigeration process, no heat is actually discharged into the atmosphere, and no heat island effect is produced. Not only the refrigeration efficiency is high, but the refrigeration effect is stable and reliable.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种闪蒸式封闭换热器，包括封闭壳体，封闭壳体上设置有负压风机，负压风机使封闭壳体内部形成负压环境，封闭壳体内设置有水雾化装置，水雾化装置将雾化水喷射到封闭壳体内部，以使雾化水在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽。本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化水的蒸发，使封闭环境内的整体温度降低，以达到制冷的效果，不受外界自然风的温度和湿度的影响；设备的装机容量小，占用的空间小；制冷过程中没有热量排至大气中，不会产生热岛效应，制冷效率高，效果稳定可靠。

Description

闪蒸式封闭换热器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种换热器，尤其涉及一种闪蒸式封闭换热器。
背景技术
换热器是一种用于进行冷热介质之间热量交换的设备，又称热交换器。换热器在化工、石油、动力、食品及其它许多工业生产中占有重要地位，在实际生产中，换热器可作为加热器、冷却器、冷凝器、蒸发器和再沸器等，应用广泛。
现有的换热器通常包括一个开放式的腔体，腔体内设置有换热盘管，大量的低温室外自然风进入开放式腔体内，流经换热盘管时吸收换热盘管的热量，变为高温空气，排出腔体外，从而实现对换热盘管内介质的冷却效果。
这种传统风冷换热器的问题在于，换热器的制冷效果受外界环境的影响非常大，当外界自然风的温度和湿度较低时，自然风与换热盘管的换热效率较高，换热器的制冷效果较好；当外界自然风的温度或湿度过高时，自然风与散热盘管之间的换热效率变差，则会严重影响整个换热器的制冷效果，甚至无法制冷。
为了解决这一问题，现有的换热器进行了改进。如图1所示，在开放式腔体1的进风口处设置了喷头2，喷头2喷出的水能够使喷头周围的自然风温度降低；由于进入开放式腔体1内的自然风温度有所降低，所以自然风与换热盘管3的换热效率有所提高，因此，这种改进后的换热器与传统换热器相比，制冷效果更好。
但是，这种改进后的换热器，其换热效果仍然会受到外界自然风的温湿度的影响，且影响非常大。尤其在炎热潮湿的地区，这种换热器的制冷效果仍然较差，且能耗非常大，越来越难以满足制冷需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种闪蒸式封闭换热器，在封闭壳体内通过促进水由液态转化为气态，从而吸热放冷，使封闭壳体内的温度降低，进而对换热装置内的介质进行冷却，或直接对封闭壳体内的介质进行冷却。具体技术方案为：
一种闪蒸式封闭换热器，包括封闭壳体，封闭壳体上设置有负压风机，负压风机使封闭壳体内部形成负压环境，封闭壳体内设置有水雾化装置，水雾化装置将雾化水喷射到封闭壳体内部，以使雾化水在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽。
进一步，负压风机的排风量大于封闭壳体内雾化水的蒸发量。
进一步，封闭壳体内负压环境的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
进一步，封闭壳体的一侧设置有水雾化装置，另一侧设置有负压风机，封闭壳体内部设置有换热装置，换热装置位于水雾化装置和负压风机之间，负压风机与换热装置之间形成有第一静压腔，水雾化装置与换热装置之间形成有第二静压腔，负压风机使第二静压腔内形成负压环境，水雾化装置将雾化水喷射到第二静压腔内，以使雾化水蒸发为蒸汽。
进一步，第二静压腔内的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
进一步，第二静压腔内设置有调压装置，调压装置可促进封闭壳体内蒸汽的流动。
进一步，调压装置的进气口设置在封闭壳体外，出气口设置在封闭壳体内，调节气流可通过调压装置进入封闭壳体内，以促进封闭壳体内蒸汽的流动。
进一步，调压装置为管状结构，管状结构的一端为开口端，另一端为封闭端，管状结构的开口端位于封闭壳体外，管状结构位于封闭壳体内的部分设置有多个出气孔，调节气流通过管状结构的开口端、出气孔进入封闭壳体内。
进一步，调压装置为风扇。
进一步，风扇设置在封闭壳体的内部。
进一步，换热装置为方形结构，方形结构的一侧对应设置有水雾化装置，相对的另一侧对应设置有负压风机。
进一步，封闭壳体内间隔设置有多个换热装置。
进一步，水雾化装置设置在封闭壳体的下部，负压风机设置在封闭壳体的上部，水雾化装置将产生的雾化水自下向上喷射至封闭壳体内。
进一步，水雾化装置设置在封闭壳体的上部，负压风机设置在封闭壳体的侧壁上，负压风机靠近封闭壳体侧壁的下部设置，水雾化装置将产生的雾化水自上向下喷射至封闭壳体内。
进一步，换热装置为V字形结构，水雾化装置与V字形结构的两外侧面对应设置，负压风机与V字形结构的中部腔室对应设置。
进一步，换热装置为圆筒形结构，水雾化装置与圆筒形结构的外侧面对应设置，负压风机与圆筒形结构的内部空腔对应设置。
进一步，换热装置为冷凝器。
进一步，封闭壳体上设置有进风管道和出风管道，出风管道靠近负压风机设置，进风管道远离负压风机设置，被冷却的物质通过进风管道进入封闭壳体内，通过出风管道排出封闭壳体外。
本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器具有以下优点：
1、通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化水的蒸发，使封闭环境内的整体温度降低，换热装置可在低温环境中通过辐射达到制冷的效果，不受外界自然风的温度和湿度的影响，可适应更多不同环境的地区使用；
2、由于在制冷过程中不需要与外界环境对流换热，所以本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器装机容量小，设备整体所占用的场地小，既方便安装，又节约空间；
3、本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器完全通过雾化水蒸发实现制冷，水由液态变为气态的过程既能够释放冷量制冷，同时设备排出的蒸汽的温度也不会升高，因此在制冷过程中实际上没有热量排放到大气中，不会产生热岛效应，不仅制冷效率高，且制冷效果稳定可靠。
附图说明
图1为现有换热器的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例一的内部结构示意图。
图3为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例二的内部结构示意图。
图4为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例三的内部结构示意图。
图5为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例三的内部结构示意图。
图6为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例四的内部结构示意图。
图7为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例五的内部结构示意图。
图8为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例六的内部结构示意图。
图9为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例七的侧面剖视图。
图10为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例七的俯视剖视图。
图11为本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的实施例八的内部结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的了解本发明的目的、结构及功能，下面结合附图，对本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器做进一步详细的描述。
本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体，封闭壳体的侧壁上设置有负压风机，负压风机可使封闭壳体内部的环境保持在稳定的负压状态下。封闭壳体的内部设置有水雾化装置，水雾化装置可将水转化为雾状的雾化水，雾化水散布在封闭壳体内的负压环境中，迅速闪蒸为冷湿蒸汽，释放冷量，以使封闭壳体内的环境温度降低。
实施例一
如图2所示，在本发明的实施例一中，闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体101，封闭壳体101呈矩形，由 板件结构围成，内部形成有容纳腔室。容纳腔室的底部设置有水雾化装置102，水雾化装置102将产生的雾化水自下而上喷射到容纳腔室内；容纳腔室的顶部设置有负压风机103，负压风机103持续将封闭壳体101内的气体排出封闭壳体101外，使容纳腔室内形成均匀稳定的负压环境。优选的是，负压风机103的排风量大于封闭壳体101内的雾化水的蒸发量，一方面可充分排出封闭壳体101内的蒸汽，以提高雾化水的蒸发效率，另一方面可保持封闭壳体101内的负压环境。
水雾化装置102产生的雾化水在容纳腔室的负压环境中快速闪蒸，由水雾相变为蒸汽，吸收热量，使封闭壳体101内的环境温度降低。雾化水闪蒸出的蒸汽可通过负压风机103排出封闭壳体101外，由此，容纳腔室内的雾化水不断蒸发为蒸汽，释放冷量；蒸汽再不断通过负压风机103排出封闭壳体101外，以完成制冷。利用封闭壳体101内的低温环境，可以对物质进行冷却、降温等。
具体的，水雾化装置102包括供水管道，供水管道设置在封闭壳体101的底部，与封闭壳体101外的水箱或水管相连通，持续向封闭壳体101内供水；供水管道可为单条直线形管路，也可为两条或多条管路并排设置，或采用单条管路环绕成盘状设置。供水管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴，供水管道中的水可通过高压雾化喷嘴喷出，形成雾状的雾化水，散布在容纳腔室内。当然，也可将高压雾化喷嘴替换为超声波雾化器，以形成雾化水。
实施例二
如图3所示，在本发明的实施例二中，闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体201，封闭壳体201呈矩形，由板件结构围成，内部形成有容纳腔室。容纳腔室的顶部设置有水雾化装置202，水雾化装置202将雾化水自上而下喷射到容纳腔室内；在靠近容纳腔室底部的封闭壳体201侧壁上设置有负压风机203，负压风机203持续将封闭壳体201内的气体排出封闭壳体201外，使容纳腔室内形成均匀稳定的负压环境。优选的是，负压风机203的排风量大于封闭壳体201内的雾化水的蒸发量，一方面可充分排出封闭壳体201内的蒸汽，以提高雾化水的蒸发效率，另一方面可保持封闭壳体201内的负压环境。
水雾化装置202包括供水管道，供水管道设置在封闭壳体201的顶部，与封闭壳体201外的水箱或水管相连通，持续向封闭壳体201内供水。供水管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴，供水管道中的水可通过高压雾化喷嘴喷出，形成雾状的雾化水，散布在容纳腔室内。
水雾化装置202产生的雾化水在容纳腔室的负压环境中快速闪蒸，由水雾相变为蒸汽，吸收热量，使封闭壳体201内的环境温度降低，雾化水闪蒸出的蒸汽可通过负压风机203不断排出封闭壳体201外。
结合以上实施例一和实施例二的内容，本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的基本冷却原理为：在封闭环境中，促进水由液态蒸发为气态，释放冷量。其中，促进水蒸发的因素主要有：1)水的表面积越大，越利于水的蒸发；2)所处环境的负压值越大，水分子之间越容易相互脱离，形成蒸汽。
基于上述冷却原理，本发明中促进水由液态蒸发为气态的具体方案有：
第一，采用水雾化装置将水雾化为小雾滴，雾滴状的水表面积大大增加，能够加速蒸发，同时，雾滴状的水运动活跃，能够在封闭壳体内四散飘动，加速换热蒸发。
第二，封闭壳体与负压风机相配合，使封闭壳体内的空间始终保持在负压环境中，使封闭壳体内的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上，此时原本已经雾化为小雾滴的水，其表面的水分子更容易脱离雾滴本体，转变为蒸汽。这里的环境大气压是指，闪蒸式封闭换热器所处的工作环境的大气压值。
实施例三
在本发明的实施例三中，闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体301，封闭壳体301的一侧设置有水雾化装置302，另一侧设置有负压风机303，封闭壳体301内部设置有换热装置，换热装置位于水雾化装置302和负压风机303之间，负压风机303与换热装置之间形成有第一静压腔，水雾化装置302与换热装置之间形成有第二静压腔，负压风机303使第二静压腔内形成负压环境，水雾化装置302将雾化水喷射到第二静压腔内，以使雾化水蒸发为冷湿蒸汽。
实施例三中的基本冷却原理为：在封闭环境中，促进水由液态蒸发为气态，释放冷量。其中，促进水蒸发的因素主要有：1)水的表面积越大，越利于水的蒸发；2)所处环境的负压值越大，水分子之间越容易相互脱离，形成蒸汽；3)温度越高，水的蒸发越快。
基于上述冷却原理，本发明中促进水由液态蒸发为气态的具体方案有：
第一，采用水雾化装置将水雾化为小雾滴，雾滴状的水表面积大大增加，能够加速蒸发，同时，雾滴状的水运动活跃，能够在封闭壳体内四散飘动，加速换热蒸发。
第二，封闭壳体与负压风机相配合，使封闭壳体内的第二静压腔和第一静压腔始终保持负压环境，使第二静压腔内的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上，此时原本已经雾化为小雾滴的水，其表面的水分子更容易脱离雾滴本体，转变为蒸汽。这里的环境大气压是指，封闭式换热器所处的工作环境的大气压值。
第三，流入换热装置内的高温介质会在封闭壳体内吸收冷量放出热量，完成换热，此时换热装置会产生辐射热，因此当雾滴靠近换热装置时会在辐射热的作用下加速蒸发，进一步吸收高温介质的热量，使其降温。
此外，未完全蒸发为蒸汽的小雾滴在经过换热装置时，还可以通过直接与换热装置接触的方式进行热交换，达到辅助降温制冷的作用。由于水雾化成雾滴后体积变小，因此更容易四散飘动，这就使雾滴的流动性加快，能够快速与换热装置完成热交换；且小体积的雾滴在直接接触换热的过程中又有大部分吸热蒸发为蒸汽，大大提高了制冷效率。
需要特别说明的是，与现有的风冷设备原理不同，本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器采用的壳体是封闭式的，封闭壳体是为了抑制室外风进入壳体内，防止壳体内进入过多的室外风，影响封闭壳体内雾化水的蒸发。而现有的风冷设备恰恰相反，是通过风流经设备中的换热装置实现换热制冷，因此进入设备壳体内的风量越大，风冷设备的制冷效果越好。
需要补充说明的是，本发明中的封闭壳体不等同于完全密封的壳体，在实际生产中，板材与板材之间或板材与各组成部件之间的接缝处可能存在缝隙，当负压风机向外排风时，外界环境中的空气可能会通过缝隙进入封闭壳体内。这种少量的进气不会影响封闭壳体内整体的负压环境，通过调节负压风机的转速或调压装置，能够使封闭壳体内的负压环境处于一个相对稳定的压力值，因此不会对雾化水的蒸发效果产生影响，即不会影响设备的制冷效果。
本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化水的蒸发，使封闭环境内的整体温度降低，以达到制冷的效果，不受外界自然风的温度和湿度的影响，可适应更多不同环境的地区使用，制冷效率高，且制冷效果稳定可靠。
具体的，如图4所示，在本发明的实施例三中，闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体301，封闭壳体301呈矩形，由板件结构围成，内部形成有容纳腔室。
容纳腔室的底部设置有水雾化装置302，容纳腔室的顶部设置有负压风机303，容纳腔室的中部设置有换热装置304，换热装置304位于水雾化装置302和负压风机303之间。其中，本实施例中，换热装置304为方形的盘管式冷凝器，当然，换热装置也可以是现有其他的换热器，并不局限于冷凝器。
换热装置304与水雾化装置302之间形成有第二静压腔305，换热装置304与负压风机303之间形成有第一静压腔306，负压风机303持续将封闭壳体301内的气体排出封闭壳体301外，使第二静压腔305和第一静压腔306内形成均匀稳定的负压环境。优选的是，负压风机303的排风量大于封闭壳体301内的雾化水的蒸发量，一方面可充分排出封闭壳体301内的蒸汽，以提高雾化水的蒸发效率，另一方面可保持封闭壳体301内的负压环境。
水雾化装置302将产生的雾化水喷射到第二静压腔305内，雾化水在第二静压腔305的负压环境中快速蒸发，由水雾相变为蒸汽，吸收热量，使封闭壳体301内的环境温度降低；换热装置304内的高温介质在通过封闭壳体301内的低温环境时吸收冷量，从而使高温介质降低温度。
由于第一静压腔306内也为负压环境，因此在第二静压腔305内蒸发后的蒸汽会穿过换热装置304进入第一静压腔306，再通过负压风机303排出封闭壳体301外。由此，第二静压腔305中的雾化水不断蒸发为蒸汽，释放冷量；蒸汽再不断的通过负压风机303排出封闭壳体301外，完成制冷。
具体的，水雾化装置302包括供水管道，供水管道设置在第二静压腔305的底部，与封闭壳体301外的水箱或水管相连通，持续向封闭壳体301内供水；供水管道可为单条直线形管路，也可为两条或多条管路并排设置，或采用单条管路环绕成盘状设置。供水管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴，供水管道中的水可通过高压雾化喷嘴喷出，形成雾状的雾化水，散布在第二静压腔305内。优选地，高压雾化喷嘴均朝向换热装置304所在方向设置，以便使雾化水更好的喷射向换热装置304。当然，也可将高压雾化喷嘴替换为超声波雾化器，以形成雾化水。
进一步，第二静压腔305内还设置有调压装置307，调压装置307可促进封闭壳体301内蒸汽及雾化水的流动。具体的，调压装置307包括一根细长的管件，管件靠近水雾化装置302设置；管件的第一端为封闭端，第一端伸入至第二静压腔305内，管件的第二端为开放端，第二端位于封闭壳体301外；管件位于第二静压腔305内的部分，管壁上分散开设有多个出气孔。当闪蒸式封闭换热器工作时，少量的室外空气可通过管件的第二端进入管件内，并通过多个出气孔吹向水雾化装置302，使第二静压腔305内的雾化水及蒸汽加 速流动，促进雾化水蒸发及蒸汽的排出。
管件的第二端开放端处设置有密封盖，当不需要促进第二静压腔305内的雾化水及蒸汽流动时，可通过加盖密封盖阻挡空气进入，关闭调压装置307；也可以通过调节密封盖的密封度，控制空气的进入量，进而调节第二静压腔305内雾化水及蒸汽的流动程度。
此外，如图5所示，调压装置也可以为一个或多个风扇，风扇靠近水雾化装置302设置，风扇转动可促进封闭壳体301内蒸汽及雾化水的流动。
需要补充说明的是，基于本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器的基本制冷原理，本发明中的封闭壳体需要抑制外界自然风进入壳体内部，这与本发明中的调压装置并不冲突。第一，调压装置虽然能够使外界自然风进入封闭壳体内，但是，这种可进入的风量非常小，与上述的通过壳体板材与板材之间的缝隙进入的自然风相类似，都不会影响设备的正常运行；第二，调压装置设置的目的是，通过微气流的运动促进雾化水及水蒸发后的蒸汽流动，一方面加快蒸汽由第二静压腔向第一静压腔运动，促进蒸汽排出，一方面促进雾化水蒸发。也就是说，通过调压装置进入封闭壳体内的少量自然风本身不能达到冷却换热装置的效果，这与现有的风冷设备有着本质区别。
本发明还提供了一种基于闪蒸式换热器的制冷方法，包括以下步骤：经水雾化装置302的喷嘴喷出的低温雾化小水滴在负压风机303的作用下逐渐由气溶胶区(图4中第二静压腔305)依次向换热区，高负压空间区(图4中第一静压腔306)漂移，直至排出换热装置304，在整个漂移过程中每个小水滴不断的吸收换热装置304辐射出来的热量，小水滴表面水分子在负压和辐射的双重作用下脱离小水滴的内部作用力逃逸出去形成气态水分子，连续供应的雾化水把换热装置304内的热量源源不断的携带出去，使换热装置304内的制冷介质降温；水蒸气和未蒸发的小水滴在负压的作用下排出封闭壳体301。封闭壳体301构成的腔体在离负压风机303近的部分形成高负压区，将腔体内的水汽持续的排出封闭壳体301；布置有换热装置304的部分是换热区；接近水雾化装置302的部分为气溶胶区。宏观上看就是水滴在腔体由下而上的过程通过负压的作用，水滴表面水分子通过非沸腾相变的蒸发吸热把换热装置304内的热量源源不断的携带出去，从而达到使换热装置304内的介质降温的效果。
所述调压装置307靠近所述水雾化装置302设置，通过调压装置307通入的气体与分散并悬浮在负压环境的封闭壳体301的腔体内的水雾形成气溶胶，换热装置304通过与水雾进行辐射换热，水雾进行非沸腾相变将热量带走水蒸气和未蒸发的水雾直接排放到大气中。
作为一种示例，所述封闭壳体301内壁和/或换热装置304的表面涂覆有憎水剂，憎水剂属于无污染、无公害的超疏水物质，最大程度的避免喷出的细微水滴碰撞结合成超大水滴结合在封闭壳体301内壁和换热装置304的表面，避免形成水滴挂壁，影响换热效率。气溶胶区悬浮的细小水滴与换热装置304进行更长时间的充分辐射换热。所述负压风机303是磁悬浮负压风机，磁悬浮负压风机采用磁悬浮轴承、高速永磁同步电机、高效变频器调速等技术，启动时先悬浮后旋转，无摩擦，无需润滑，可采用现有的磁悬浮负压风机结构，具体结构不再赘述。磁悬浮负压风机使相对封闭的封闭壳体301内部形成更低的负压环境，强化小水滴的广义蒸发换热量。磁悬浮风机可以增加风机的转速，从而使封闭壳体301内的负压更高，获得更大的制冷效率。水雾化装置302喷出水雾后就具有第一次降温功能，因此，在不同温度条件和湿度条件下都可以直接使用水，而无需对水进行处理就能够满足使用要求，进一步降低成本。
所述水雾化装置302可选高压泵雾化器，所述高压水泵产生的高压水在喷嘴处雾化；或者所述水雾化装置302可选压缩空气式雾化器，所述喷头通过空压机接口与空压机连接，通过进水口与储水装置连接，水在空压机产生的高压气体的作用下雾化；或者所述水雾化装置302可选超声波雾化器，所述超声波雾化器包括超声波雾化片，所述超声波雾化片配合超声波将水雾化。
实施例四
如图6所示，在本发明的实施例四中，闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体401，封闭壳体401呈矩形，由板件结构围成，内部形成有容纳腔室。容纳腔室的顶部设置有水雾化装置402，在靠近容纳腔室底部的封闭壳体401侧壁上设置有负压风机403，容纳腔室的中部设置有换热装置，换热装置位于水雾化装置402和负压风机403之间。
换热装置与水雾化装置402之间形成有第二静压腔，换热装置与负压风机403之间形成有第一静压腔，负压风机403持续将封闭壳体401内的气体排出封闭壳体401外，使第二静压腔和第一静压腔内形成均匀稳定的负压环境。
水雾化装置402将产生的雾化水喷射到第二静压腔内，雾化水在第二静压腔的负压环境中快速蒸发，由水雾相变为蒸汽，吸收热量，使封闭壳体401内的环境温度降低；换热装置内的高温介质在通过封闭壳体401内的低温环境时吸收冷量，从而使高温介质降低温度。
第二静压腔内蒸发后的蒸汽会穿过换热装置进入第一静压腔，再通过负压风机403排出封闭壳体401外；未完全蒸发或未充分雾化为雾滴的水，流经换热装置后，流至第一静压腔的底部，第一静压腔底部设有水回收管路，汇集在第一静压腔底部的水可通过水回收管路排出第一静压腔外。由此，第二静压腔中的雾化水不断蒸发为蒸汽，释放冷量；蒸汽再不断的通过负压风机403排出封闭壳体401外，完成制冷。
优选地，水回收管路与水雾化装置402相连通，通过水回收管路排出的水回收后可再次经过水雾化装置402进行雾化。
具体的，水雾化装置402包括供水管道，供水管道设置在第二静压腔的顶部，与封闭壳体401外的水箱或水管相连通，持续向封闭壳体401内供水；供水管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴，供水管道中的水可通过高压雾化喷嘴喷出，形成雾状的雾化水，散布在第二静压腔内。
实施例五
如图7所示，与实施例三不同的是，在实施例五中，封闭壳体501内的换热装置504包括三组，三组换热装置504上下间隔排布，每组换热装置504的下方对应设置有水雾化装置502。封闭壳体501的顶部设置有负压风机503，位于最上方的换热装置504与封闭壳体501之间形成有第一静压腔506；负压风机503转动可使三组换热装置504与各自对应的水雾化装置502之间形成负压环境，促进雾化水相变为蒸汽；蒸汽穿过换热装置504进入第一静压腔506，由负压风机503排出封闭壳体501外。
当然，实施例五中的换热装置504也可设置为上下间隔排布的两组或多组。
实施例六
如图8所示，与实施例三不同的是，在实施例六中，封闭壳体601内的换热装置604呈V字形设置，V字形换热装置604的V字开口部位朝向封闭壳体601顶部的负压风机603设置。
在靠近V字形换热装置604两侧的封闭壳体601的内表面上设置有水雾化装置602，在封闭壳体601的底部也设置有水雾化装置602，水雾化装置602与V字形换热装置604之间形成有第二静压腔605；V字形换热装置604的中间部位与负压风机603之间形成有第一静压腔606。
负压风机603转动，使封闭壳体601内的第二静压腔605和第一静压腔606形成负压环境，水雾化装置602通过高压雾化喷嘴将雾化水喷射向V字形换热装置604，雾化水在第二静压腔605内蒸发为蒸汽，蒸汽穿过换热装置604进入第一静压腔606，通过负压风机603排出封闭壳体601外。
在靠近水雾化装置602的封闭壳体601上还设置有调压装置607，调压装置607包括对称设置在V字形换热装置604两侧的两个风扇，风扇位于水雾化装置602旁，风扇转动可促进封闭壳体601内蒸汽及雾化水的流动。当然，风扇也可以直接设置在水雾化装置602上，设置数量也可为一个或多个。
风扇可固定设置在封闭壳体601的内侧壁上，完全位于封闭壳体601内部；也可以在封闭壳体601的侧壁上开设小圆孔，将风扇设置在小圆孔内，使少量的外界自然风能够通过风扇进入封闭壳体601内部，促进蒸汽和雾化水的流动。
这种V字形换热装置604的表面积更大，雾化水的蒸发效率更高，使闪蒸式封闭换热器的整体制冷效果更好。
实施例七
如图9和图10所示，与实施例三不同的是，在实施例七中，封闭壳体701整体为圆柱形，封闭壳体701内形成的容纳腔室也呈圆柱形。在容纳腔室的中间设置有换热装置704，换热装置704整体为空心的圆筒形。在封闭壳体701的侧壁上设置有水雾化装置702，水雾化装置702包括供水管道，供水管道均匀分散的排布在封闭壳体701的整个侧壁上，供水管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴。
水雾化装置702与圆筒形换热装置704之间形成有第二静压腔705，圆筒形换热装置704中间的空心结构形成第一静压腔706。封闭壳体701的顶部设置有负压风机703，负压风机703直接与第一静压腔706相连通。
负压风机703转动，使封闭壳体701内的第二静压腔705和第一静压腔706形成负压环境，水雾化装置702通过高压雾化喷嘴将雾化水喷射向圆筒形换热装置704，雾化水在第二静压腔705内蒸发为蒸汽，蒸汽 穿过换热装置704进入第一静压腔706，通过负压风机703排出封闭壳体701外。
在靠近水雾化装置702的封闭壳体701上还设置有调压装置707，调压装置707包括多个风扇，多个风扇分散设置在封闭壳体701的侧壁内侧，风扇转动可促进封闭壳体701内蒸汽及雾化水的流动。当然，风扇也可以直接设置在水雾化装置702上，设置数量可根据封闭壳体701的大小进行适应性调整。
风扇可固定设置在封闭壳体701的内侧壁上，完全位于封闭壳体701内部；也可以在封闭壳体701的侧壁上开设小圆孔，将风扇设置在小圆孔内，使少量的外界自然风能够通过风扇进入封闭壳体701内部，促进蒸汽和雾化水的流动。
这种圆筒形换热装置704的表面积更大，且水雾化装置702产生的雾化水环绕在圆筒形换热装置704的整个表面，使雾化水的蒸发效率更高，进而使闪蒸式封闭换热器的整体制冷效果更好。
实施例八
与实施例三至实施例七不同的是，在实施例八中，本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器可利用封闭空间内的低温环境直接对需要冷却的物质进行降温，无需通过换热装置或换热介质传递温度。
具体的，如图11所示，闪蒸式封闭换热器包括封闭壳体801，封闭壳体801内形成有容纳腔室，容纳腔室内设置有水雾化装置802，水雾化装置802设置在封闭壳体801的侧壁上，可将雾化后的水向容纳腔室的中心位置喷射，使封闭壳体801的容纳腔室内充分散布有小雾滴。
进一步，水雾化装置802包括供水管道，供水管道设置在封闭壳体801的侧壁上，与封闭壳体801外的水箱或水管相连通，持续向封闭壳体801内供水；供水管道可为单条直线形管路，也可为两条或多条管路并排设置，或采用单条管路环绕成盘状设置。供水管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴，供水管道中的水可通过高压雾化喷嘴喷出，形成雾状的雾化水。当然，也可将高压雾化喷嘴替换为超声波雾化器，以形成雾化水。
进一步，封闭壳体801的上部设置有负压风机803，负压风机803一侧与封闭壳体801的容纳腔室相连通，另一侧连接有出风管道808，负压风机803持续将封闭壳体801内的气体通过出风管道808排出，以使封闭壳体801内保持稳定的负压环境，负压环境可促进雾化水蒸发为蒸汽，释放冷量。封闭壳体801的下部连接有进风管道809，进风管道809与封闭壳体801的连通处设置有阀门810，阀门810可控制进风管道809的进风量，使进风管道809的进风量小于出风管道808的出风量，进而保持封闭壳体801内稳定的负压环境。
优选地，负压风机803的排风量大于封闭壳体801内雾化水的蒸发量；封闭壳体801内的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
以冷却室内空气为例，水雾化装置802将雾化水喷射到封闭壳体801内，负压风机803使封闭壳体801内保持负压环境，促进水由液态转化为气态，释放冷量，降低封闭壳体801内的温度。进风管道809与出风管道808均与室内环境相连通，室内空气通过进风管道809进入封闭壳体801内，在封闭壳体801内的低温环境中冷却降温，然后在负压风机803的转动下，通过出风管道808排回至室内，以达到对室内环境降温的效果。当然，进风管道809和出风管道808也可通入其它需要冷却降温的物质。
本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器具有以下优点：
1、通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化水的蒸发，使封闭环境内的整体温度降低，换热装置可在低温环境中通过辐射达到制冷的效果，不受外界自然风的温度和湿度的影响，可适应更多不同环境的地区使用；
2、由于在制冷过程中不需要与外界环境对流换热，所以本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器装机容量小，设备整体所占用的场地小，既方便安装，又节约空间；
3、本发明的闪蒸式封闭换热器完全通过雾化水蒸发实现制冷，水由液态变为气态的过程既能够释放冷量制冷，同时设备排出的蒸汽的温度也不会升高，因此在制冷过程中实际上没有热量排放到大气中，不会产生热岛效应，不仅制冷效率高，且制冷效果稳定可靠。
以上借助具体实施例对本发明做了进一步描述，但是应该理解的是，这里具体的描述，不应理解为对本发明的实质和范围的限定，本领域内的普通技术人员在阅读本说明书后对上述实施例做出的各种修改，都属于本发明所保护的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，包括封闭壳体，封闭壳体上设置有负压风机，负压风机使封闭壳体内部形成负压环境，封闭壳体内设置有水雾化装置，水雾化装置将雾化水喷射到封闭壳体内部，以使雾化水在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，负压风机的排风量大于封闭壳体内雾化水的蒸发量。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，封闭壳体内负压环境的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，封闭壳体的一侧设置有水雾化装置，另一侧设置有负压风机，封闭壳体内部设置有换热装置，换热装置位于水雾化装置和负压风机之间，负压风机与换热装置之间形成有第一静压腔，水雾化装置与换热装置之间形成有第二静压腔，负压风机使第二静压腔内形成负压环境，水雾化装置将雾化水喷射到第二静压腔内，以使雾化水蒸发为蒸汽。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的封闭式换热器，其特征在于，第二静压腔内的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
  6. 如权利要求4中所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，第二静压腔内设置有调压装置，调压装置可促进封闭壳体内蒸汽的流动。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，调压装置的进气口设置在封闭壳体外，出气口设置在封闭壳体内，调节气流可通过调压装置进入封闭壳体内，以促进封闭壳体内蒸汽的流动。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，调压装置为管状结构，管状结构的一端为开口端，另一端为封闭端，管状结构的开口端位于封闭壳体外，管状结构位于封闭壳体内的部分设置有多个出气孔，调节气流通过管状结构的开口端、出气孔进入封闭壳体内。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，调压装置为风扇。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，风扇设置在封闭壳体的内部。
  11. 如权利要求4所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，换热装置为方形结构，方形结构的一侧对应设置有水雾化装置，相对的另一侧对应设置有负压风机。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，封闭壳体内间隔设置有多个换热装置。
  13. 如权利要求11或12所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，水雾化装置设置在封闭壳体的下部，负压风机设置在封闭壳体的上部，水雾化装置将产生的雾化水自下向上喷射至封闭壳体内。
  14. 如权利要求11或12所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，水雾化装置设置在封闭壳体的上部，负压风机设置在封闭壳体的侧壁上，负压风机靠近封闭壳体侧壁的下部设置，水雾化装置将产生的雾化水自上向下喷射至封闭壳体内。
  15. 如权利要求4所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，换热装置为V字形结构，水雾化装置与V字形结构的两外侧面对应设置，负压风机与V字形结构的中部腔室对应设置。
  16. 如权利要求4所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，换热装置为圆筒形结构，水雾化装置与圆筒形结构的外侧面对应设置，负压风机与圆筒形结构的内部空腔对应设置。
  17. 如权利要求4所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，换热装置为冷凝器。
  18. 如权利要求1至3中任一所述的闪蒸式封闭换热器，其特征在于，封闭壳体上设置有进风管道和出风管道，出风管道靠近负压风机设置，进风管道远离负压风机设置，被冷却的物质通过进风管道进入封闭壳体内，通过出风管道排出封闭壳体外。
PCT/CN2020/085059 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 闪蒸式封闭换热器 WO2020228474A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20806554.0A EP3971509A4 (en) 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 Flash closed heat exchanger
AU2020276755A AU2020276755B2 (en) 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 Flash closed heat exchanger
JP2021563321A JP7417630B2 (ja) 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 フラッシュ閉鎖型熱交換器
US17/606,044 US20220252351A1 (en) 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 Flash closed heat exchanger
CA3138404A CA3138404C (en) 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 Flash closed heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910407748.6 2019-05-16
CN201910407748 2019-05-16
CN201910663396.0A CN110319716B (zh) 2019-05-16 2019-07-22 闪蒸式封闭换热器
CN201910663396.0 2019-07-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020228474A1 true WO2020228474A1 (zh) 2020-11-19

Family

ID=68124440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/085059 WO2020228474A1 (zh) 2019-05-16 2020-04-16 闪蒸式封闭换热器

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220252351A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3971509A4 (zh)
JP (1) JP7417630B2 (zh)
CN (2) CN110319716B (zh)
AU (1) AU2020276755B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA3138404C (zh)
WO (1) WO2020228474A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023214866A1 (en) * 2022-05-02 2023-11-09 STRELITS-STRELE, Janis Adiabatic pre-cooling system for v-type air cooled heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110319716B (zh) * 2019-05-16 2024-03-01 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 闪蒸式封闭换热器
CN111023674B (zh) * 2019-12-30 2021-09-14 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 一种恒温恒湿立体库
CN114811761A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2022-07-29 北京市京科伦工程设计研究院有限公司 一种基于辐射散热与辐射集热的冷热中央空调系统
CN116923710B (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-11-17 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞行器梯级喷雾冷却控制方法及系统

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU459653A1 (ru) * 1973-02-26 1975-02-05 Николаевское Специальное Управление "Киевпищремонтналадка" Испарительный конденсатор
JPS5366043A (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-06-13 Marley Co Dry type cooling tower
CN204202431U (zh) * 2014-10-27 2015-03-11 大连海事大学 一种冷却水塔高效节能节水装置
CN105115315A (zh) * 2015-08-31 2015-12-02 北京欧泰克能源环保工程技术股份有限公司 一种节能闭式冷却塔
CN204854396U (zh) * 2015-05-19 2015-12-09 河北博凯节能科技有限公司 一种新型闭式散热塔
CN205313129U (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-06-15 北京越洋高科节能技术有限公司 中温太阳能海水淡化系统
CN207797255U (zh) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-31 烟台大学 一种回收余热压缩蒸汽驱动的吸收式热泵装置
CN108709341A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-26 成都共同管业集团股份有限公司 一种预冷型喷雾蒸发式冷凝器
CN110319716A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2019-10-11 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 闪蒸式封闭换热器

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4576014A (en) * 1985-01-31 1986-03-18 Western Precooling Systems, Inc. Produce vacuum cooler with improved venting
JP2003074994A (ja) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-12 Calsonic Kansei Corp 放熱装置
US7128310B2 (en) * 2001-10-11 2006-10-31 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air-to-air atmospheric heat exchanger for condensing cooling tower effluent
US6663694B2 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-12-16 Marley Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air-to-air atmospheric exchanger for condensing cooling tower effluent

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU459653A1 (ru) * 1973-02-26 1975-02-05 Николаевское Специальное Управление "Киевпищремонтналадка" Испарительный конденсатор
JPS5366043A (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-06-13 Marley Co Dry type cooling tower
CN204202431U (zh) * 2014-10-27 2015-03-11 大连海事大学 一种冷却水塔高效节能节水装置
CN204854396U (zh) * 2015-05-19 2015-12-09 河北博凯节能科技有限公司 一种新型闭式散热塔
CN105115315A (zh) * 2015-08-31 2015-12-02 北京欧泰克能源环保工程技术股份有限公司 一种节能闭式冷却塔
CN205313129U (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-06-15 北京越洋高科节能技术有限公司 中温太阳能海水淡化系统
CN207797255U (zh) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-31 烟台大学 一种回收余热压缩蒸汽驱动的吸收式热泵装置
CN108709341A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-26 成都共同管业集团股份有限公司 一种预冷型喷雾蒸发式冷凝器
CN110319716A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2019-10-11 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 闪蒸式封闭换热器
CN210242493U (zh) * 2019-05-16 2020-04-03 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 闪蒸式封闭换热器

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3971509A4 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023214866A1 (en) * 2022-05-02 2023-11-09 STRELITS-STRELE, Janis Adiabatic pre-cooling system for v-type air cooled heat exchanger
LV15791A (lv) * 2022-05-02 2023-11-20 STRELITS-STRĒLE Jānis Adiabātiska priekšdzesēšanas sistēma V-tipa gaisa dzeses siltummainim

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110319716A (zh) 2019-10-11
CN110319716B (zh) 2024-03-01
EP3971509A4 (en) 2023-06-28
JP2022530465A (ja) 2022-06-29
CA3138404C (en) 2023-11-14
AU2020276755A1 (en) 2021-11-18
US20220252351A1 (en) 2022-08-11
EP3971509A1 (en) 2022-03-23
CN210242493U (zh) 2020-04-03
AU2020276755B2 (en) 2022-12-22
CA3138404A1 (en) 2020-11-19
JP7417630B2 (ja) 2024-01-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020228474A1 (zh) 闪蒸式封闭换热器
Kabeel et al. Experimental study of a novel integrated system of indirect evaporative cooler with internal baffles and evaporative condenser
WO2021228096A1 (zh) 一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组
CN102506564A (zh) 冷凝水余热一效闪蒸自然空气除湿预热干燥烘箱系统
CN102445066A (zh) 冷凝水余热二效闪蒸自然空气除湿预热干燥烘箱系统
CN101329098A (zh) 利用超声波雾化技术的制冷制热双效空调系统
CN105157447B (zh) 闭式绝热空气冷却器
CN211953332U (zh) 一种节能节水的高效率蒸发式冷凝器
CN211854313U (zh) 一种间接蒸发冷却系统
CN202485343U (zh) 冷凝水余热一效闪蒸自然空气除湿预热干燥烘箱装置
CN202675748U (zh) 自封闭型蒸发式冷凝器
US20230366594A1 (en) Three-dimensionally distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger, control method thereof, refrigeration system, and air conditioner
JPWO2020228474A5 (zh)
CN202630246U (zh) 一种新型的机房精密空调
CN204787919U (zh) 节能节水环保型工艺绝热空气冷却器
CN210050935U (zh) 闪蒸式空调
CN206556466U (zh) 空冷器的喷雾增湿冷却装置
CN106595340A (zh) 一种多模块多喷淋装置蒸发空冷器及其操作模式
CN200975844Y (zh) 一种蒸发冷却器
CN209570051U (zh) 一种喷雾增强换热冷却装置
CN216114450U (zh) 一种翅片换热器结构加湿装置
CN213335049U (zh) 一种液体雾化换热单元及其换热器
CN207797801U (zh) 一种可独立运行的复合型闭式冷却塔
CN219713937U (zh) 一种用于闭式循环喷雾干燥系统的热风分布器
Salleh et al. Indirect evaporative cooling system improvement: A brief review

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20806554

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2021563321

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 3138404

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2020276755

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20200416

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2020806554

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2020806554

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20211216