WO2020228340A1 - 一种开关电器 - Google Patents

一种开关电器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020228340A1
WO2020228340A1 PCT/CN2019/128803 CN2019128803W WO2020228340A1 WO 2020228340 A1 WO2020228340 A1 WO 2020228340A1 CN 2019128803 W CN2019128803 W CN 2019128803W WO 2020228340 A1 WO2020228340 A1 WO 2020228340A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crank arm
arm
reverse
limit position
switching device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/128803
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何保营
金光耀
刘宇
邓渊
韩国辉
何大伟
王增刚
王双盾
周忠杰
毕迎华
田会青
许家源
杨锐
雷琴
韩桂全
赵华伟
Original Assignee
平高集团有限公司
国家电网有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 平高集团有限公司, 国家电网有限公司 filed Critical 平高集团有限公司
Publication of WO2020228340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228340A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/50—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts with indexing or locating means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch electrical appliance.
  • an operating mechanism connected to the drive shaft of the high-voltage circuit breaker is provided.
  • the operating mechanism outputs operating torque to the drive shaft.
  • the drive shaft drives the movable contact to reciprocate through the inner crank arm and the insulating pull rod to ensure the movable contact.
  • the head has the required opening and closing speed.
  • the fracture distance the distance between the moving contact and the static contact seat
  • the fracture distance is also called the opening distance.
  • the high-voltage circuit breaker must have a sufficient length of fracture distance to prevent the short distance between the moving contact and the static contact seat when the high-voltage circuit breaker is in the open state, which will cause high-voltage electricity to break through the air and short-circuit the high-voltage circuit breaker. A threat to the safety of electrical components and staff.
  • the rotation angle of the inner crank arm is mostly about 60°.
  • a very long inner crank arm is required to disconnect the high-voltage circuit breaker, so that there is enough space between the moving contact and the static contact base.
  • the longer inner arm requires the operating mechanism to output a larger operating torque. Too much operating torque will cause the high-voltage circuit breaker to have a greater impact on the transmission shaft and inner arm during opening and closing; Moving parts are easily damaged and their service life is shortened.
  • the longer inner arm needs to be equipped with a large-volume arm box that matches it. The large-volume boom box will not only occupy too much internal space of the high-voltage circuit breaker, but also increase the production cost of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the inner arm needs to be limited to prevent the inner arm from continuing to move under the driving or inertia of the operating mechanism after completing the set action, and the movable contact is driven by the insulating pull rod Head movement affects the opening and closing status of the high-voltage circuit breaker, posing a threat to the safety of electrical components and workers.
  • a limit mechanism is usually provided inside the operating mechanism, and the rotation angle of the transmission shaft is restricted by the limit mechanism, so that the movable contact is accurately stopped to the closing position or the opening position.
  • a limit structure is set inside the operating mechanism, the structure is complicated, and the rebound angle of the drive shaft is large, which seriously affects the breaking performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN106683919A and application publication date of 2017.05.17 discloses an operating mechanism and a switch device using the operating mechanism.
  • a sickle is sandwiched between two inner arms.
  • Type connecting rod the inner arm is connected by a sickle type connecting rod and an insulating pull rod.
  • the sickle type connecting rod has a concave structure.
  • the concave structure of the sickle type connecting rod can avoid the transmission shaft and make
  • the inner arm has a larger rotation angle.
  • the use of a sickle-shaped link with a concave structure can reduce the length of the inner arm, thereby reducing the operating torque of the operating mechanism and reducing the volume of the arm box.
  • the crank arm box of the switch device is provided with a stop block at a position close to the inner crank arm, and the stop block is a circular arc structure coaxial with the transmission shaft.
  • the switch device also includes opening springs and closing springs spaced along the axial direction of the insulating pull rod.
  • the inner turning arm has the closing dead center position and the opening dead center position on the rotation path of the drive shaft. When the inner turning arm is at the closing dead center position, the moving contact of the high-voltage circuit breaker is closed in place. When the arm is at the opening dead center position, the moving contact of the high-voltage circuit breaker opens in place.
  • the crank arm has a positive limit position corresponding to the partial closing of the movable contact and a reverse limit position corresponding to the partial opening of the movable contact in its reciprocating swing stroke.
  • the closing spring acts on the arm
  • the direction of the upper force is the same as the counterclockwise rotation of the crank arm at this time, that is, the crank arm cannot rotate clockwise due to the action of the closing spring under the action of the elastic force of the closing spring to prevent the clockwise rotation of the drive shaft from affecting the closing of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the moving contact part is closed at this time.
  • the direction of the force applied by the opening spring on the crank arm is the same as the direction in which the crank arm rotates clockwise at this time, that is, the crank arm cannot rotate counterclockwise due to external force under the action of the opening spring to prevent transmission
  • the counterclockwise rotation of the shaft affects the opening state of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the movable contact is partially opened.
  • the switch device is provided in the crank arm box with a stopper that cooperates with the inner crank arm stop, which solves the problem of a large rebound angle of the transmission shaft caused by the setting of a limit structure inside the operating mechanism and a complicated structure.
  • the switch structure needs to add a stopper in the arm box, which leads to an increase in the number of parts in the switch structure, which complicates the processing and assembly process of the switch structure, and it is necessary to reserve space for the stopper in the arm box. It will additionally increase the volume of the arm box, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the arm box.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a switch electrical appliance, which is used to solve the technical problem of the large number of parts when a stopper for blocking the crank arm shaft is arranged in the crank arm box in the prior art.
  • the technical solution of the switching device of the embodiment of the present invention is:
  • the switch electrical appliance includes a drive shaft, the drive shaft is provided with a crank arm, the crank arm is hinged with a connecting head, and the connecting head is connected with the moving contact part of the switch electrical appliance for transmission connection with the crank arm during the reciprocating swing process of the drive shaft Insulating pull rod that realizes closing and opening operations, the crank arm has a positive limit position corresponding to the partial closing of the moving contact and corresponding to the partial opening of the moving contact in its forward and reverse swing stroke
  • the connecting head is provided with a positive stop part that cooperates with the transmission shaft top pressure stop to limit the crank arm at the positive limit position
  • the connecting head is also provided with a reverse stop part that cooperates with the transmission shaft top pressure stop when the crank arm is in the reverse limit position to limit the crank arm at the reverse limit position, and the forward stop part At least one of and the reverse stopper has a concave structure.
  • the beneficial effect of the switch electrical appliance of the embodiment of the present invention is that the forward stop part and the reverse stop part that stop the crank arm when the crank arm is rotated in place are processed on the connecting head, and no extra is required in the switch electrical appliance
  • the components can limit the crank arm to the positive limit position and the reverse limit position, respectively, and ensure that the switching appliance will not cause safety hazards due to the rotation angle of the crank arm being greater than the set value, and at the same time make the switching appliance processing procedure Simple, reduce the volume of the arm box.
  • At least one of the forward blocking portion and the reverse blocking portion is a concave structure, which can avoid the transmission shaft during the reciprocating swing of the crank arm, so that the inner crank arm has a larger swing angle in its swing stroke, Thereby shortening the length of the inner arm.
  • the switch device includes the movable contact part, the crank arm is hinged with the connector through the hinge arm hinge shaft, the insulating pull rod is hinged with the movable contact part through the pull rod hinge shaft, and the insulating pull rod is located at the connector in the extension direction
  • the crank arm has a closing dead center position that makes the transmission shaft axis, the crank arm hinge axis axis and the tie rod hinge axis coplanar during its positive swing stroke, and the positive limit position of the crank arm is at The forward swing stroke of the crank arm crosses the closing dead center position.
  • the benefit is that when the crank arm swings forward to the closing dead center position, the moving contact is closed in place, and the operating mechanism continues to drive the crank arm to continue to swing forward to the positive limit position.
  • the positive stopper Cooperate with the transmission shaft stop to limit the continuous swing of the crank arm. If the switching device is vibrated at this time, the arm can only swing in the reverse direction under the action of external force. It is difficult to swing the arm in the forward limit position, so it is difficult for the arm to swing from the forward direction only under the action of external force. Swing backward to the limit position to the closing dead center position.
  • the forward limit position of the crank arm crosses the closing dead center position on the forward swing stroke of the crank arm to ensure that the movable contact is in the closed state, and the crank arm cannot swing forward and it is difficult to swing backward.
  • the closing and self-locking of the switching device enables reliable coordination between the moving contact part and the static contact seat.
  • crank arm has an opening dead center position such that the axis of the drive shaft, the axis of the crank arm hinge shaft and the axis of the tie rod hinge shaft are coplanar during its reverse swing stroke, and the reverse limit position of the crank arm is at the position of the crank arm.
  • the reverse swing stroke crosses the opening dead center position.
  • the advantage is that when the crank arm swings in the reverse direction to the opening dead center position, the moving contact opens in place, and the operating mechanism continues to drive the crank arm to continue to swing in the reverse direction to reach the reverse limit position.
  • the reverse stopper Cooperate with the transmission shaft stop to limit the continued swing of the crank arm. If the switching device is vibrated at this time, the arm can only swing forward under the action of external force, and it is difficult to swing forward when the arm is in the reverse limit position, so it is difficult for the arm to swing from the reverse direction only under the action of external force. Swing forward to the limit position to the opening dead center position.
  • the reverse limit position of the crank arm crosses the opening dead center position on the reverse swing stroke of the crank arm to ensure that the movable contact cannot swing in the reverse direction and is difficult to swing in the forward direction when the movable contact is in the open state.
  • the opening and closing of the switching device is self-locking, so that there is a reliable break distance between the moving contact part and the static contact seat.
  • one of the forward blocking portion and the reverse blocking portion is the concave structure, and the other is a blocking plane.
  • the transmission shaft is provided with a thrust plane corresponding to the stop plane, and the stop plane cooperates with the stop plane to stop and restrain the crank arm at the positive swing stroke of the crank arm.
  • the thrust plane increases the contact area between the drive shaft and the stop plane, reduces the pressure at the contact position of the drive shaft and the stop plane, and prevents the drive shaft and the stop plane from being over-pressured. Deformation occurs, prolonging the service life of switch appliances.
  • the lower part of the connecting head has a hook structure
  • the inner side of the hook structure forms the concave structure
  • the outer side of the hook structure has the stopping plane.
  • the upper part of the connector and the insulating pull rod are in a shaft hole mating structure, the upper part of the connector and the insulating pull rod are both provided with a through pin hole, and a pin is inserted in the pin hole to realize the connection between the connector and the insulated pull rod. connection.
  • This connection method is adopted between the upper part of the connecting head and the insulating pull rod, which facilitates the assembly between the insulating pull rod and the connecting head.
  • the turning arm has two connecting arms arranged at intervals, and the hook structure is located between the two connecting arms and is hinged with the two connecting arms via the turning arm hinge shaft.
  • the angle at which the crank arm rotates from the closing dead center position to the positive limit position on the forward swing stroke of the crank arm is the same as the angle at which the crank arm moves from the opening on the reverse swing stroke of the crank arm.
  • connection between the crank arm and the transmission shaft is integral molding or welding connection.
  • the advantage is that the transmission shaft and the crank arm are connected by integral molding or split welding, and no other connection structure is required to be processed on the crank arm and the transmission shaft.
  • the structure of the transmission shaft and the crank arm is simple and easy to manufacture.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the switching device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the transmission shaft and the connector in the specific embodiment of the switching device of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a partial structural diagram of the specific embodiment of the switching device of the present invention when closing is completed;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural diagram of the specific embodiment of the switching device of the present invention when the opening is completed;
  • the switch device includes an insulating pull rod 7, a crank arm box 5, a transmission shaft 1, a crank arm 2 and a connecting head 3 arranged in the crank arm box.
  • the connector 3 includes a lower connector 31 and an upper connector 32.
  • the lower connector 31 is a hook structure.
  • the inner side of the hook structure forms a concave structure 312, and the concave structure 312 is a reverse stopper.
  • a blocking plane 311 is machined on the outside of the hook structure, and the blocking plane 311 is a positive blocking portion.
  • crank arm 2 The clockwise rotation of the crank arm 2 with the central axis of the drive shaft 1 as the swing axis is called the reverse swing of the crank arm 2, and the stroke of the crank arm 2 from the positive limit position to the reverse limit position is called the crank arm. 2 reverse swing stroke.
  • the crank arm 2 swings on its reverse swing stroke until the crank arm 2 is in the reverse limit position as shown in FIG. 4, and the recess structure 312 blocks the crank arm 2 to prevent
  • the crank arm 2 continues to swing in the reverse direction, driving the moving contact to move, affecting the opening state of the moving contact, and posing a threat to the safety of electrical components and workers.
  • the turning arm 2 and the moving contact are partially opened.
  • the crank arm 2 swings on its positive swing stroke until the crank arm 2 is in the positive limit position as shown in FIG. 3, and the blocking plane 311 blocks the crank arm 2 to prevent
  • the crank arm 2 continues to swing in the positive direction, driving the moving contact to move and affecting the closing state of the moving contact, posing a threat to the safety of electrical components and staff.
  • the turning arm 2 and the moving contact part are closed.
  • the concave structure 312 can make the connecting head 3 avoid the transmission shaft 1 when the crank arm 2 swings clockwise, so that the swing angle of the crank arm 2 is greater than 180°.
  • other structures for blocking the crank arm when the crank arm swings to the reverse limit position are provided on the connecting head, for example, a second concave structure.
  • the upper part of the connector 32 has a cylindrical structure.
  • the upper part of the connector 32 and the insulating rod 7 are fitted with a shaft hole.
  • the upper part of the connector 32 is provided with a radially penetrating connector pin shaft hole 321, and the insulating rod 7 is provided with a connection
  • the head pin shaft hole 321 corresponds to the tie rod pin hole, and the connecting pin is inserted into the connector pin hole 321 and the tie rod pin hole to fix the insulating tie rod 7 and the connector 3.
  • the connector may be a hook structure as a whole, the pin hole of the connector is located on the upper part of the hook structure, the insulating pull rod is processed into a shape that fits the upper part of the hook structure, and the connecting pin is inserted into the connector In the pin hole and the tie rod pin hole, the insulating tie rod is fixedly connected with the connector.
  • the connection head can also be connected to the insulating pull rod in other ways, such as bolt connection.
  • the switching device also includes a moving contact part.
  • the insulating pull rod 7 is located between the connecting head 3 and the moving contact part in its extension direction.
  • the turning arm 2 is hinged with the connecting head 3 through the turning arm hinge shaft 4, and the insulating pull rod 7 is hinged through the pull rod.
  • the shaft is hinged with the movable contact part, and the hinged shaft of the pull rod and the movable contact part are not shown in the figure.
  • the crank arm 2 In its forward swing stroke, the crank arm 2 has a closing dead center position such that the drive shaft axis, the crank arm hinge axis axis and the tie rod hinge axis axis are coplanar, and the crank arm 2 has the drive shaft axis during its reverse swing.
  • the opening dead center position where the hinge arm hinge axis axis and the tie rod hinge axis axis are coplanar, the closing dead center position and the opening dead center position of the crank arm 2 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the drive shaft 1.
  • the forward limit position of the crank arm 2 crosses the closing dead center position on the forward swing stroke of the crank arm 2, and the reverse limit position of the crank arm 2 crosses the opening dead center position on the reverse swing stroke of the crank arm 2.
  • the crank arm 2 swings in the reverse direction to between the positive limit position and the closing dead center position under the action of external force, and the crank arm 2 will swing forward to the positive limit position under the action of the closing spring. And press tightly.
  • the positive limit position of the crank arm 2 crosses the closing dead center position on the positive swing stroke of the crank arm to ensure that the movable contact part is in the closed state, and the crank arm 2 can only be at the positive limit position when subjected to external force It swings between the closing dead center position and is finally pressed at the positive limit position, realizing the closing self-locking of the switching device, and ensuring the reliable cooperation between the moving contact part and the static contact seat.
  • the positive limit position may also coincide with the closing dead center position, and the blocking plane blocks the crank arm when the crank arm is at the closing dead center position.
  • the moving contact part When the crank arm 2 swings in the reverse direction to the opening dead center position, the moving contact part is the farthest from the static contact seat, and the operating mechanism continues to move the crank arm 2 to continue to swing in the reverse direction to the reverse limit position, the recess of the crank arm 2
  • the structure 312 and the transmission shaft 1 stop and cooperate to limit the crank arm 2 to continue to swing in the opposite direction. If the switching device is vibrated at this time, the arm 2 can only swing in the forward direction. At this time, the direction of the force of the opening spring acting on the arm 2 is the same as the direction of the reverse swing of the arm 2, and the arm 2 is positive.
  • the swing movement needs to overcome the elastic force of the opening spring, so the arm 2 is difficult to swing forward from the reverse limit position to the opening dead center position only under the action of external force.
  • the crank arm 2 will swing back to the reverse limit position under the action of the opening spring And press tightly.
  • the reverse limit position of the crank arm 2 crosses the opening dead center position on the reverse swing stroke of the crank arm 2 to ensure that the movable contact part is in the open state, and the crank arm 2 can only be reversed when subjected to external force.
  • the reverse limit position may also coincide with the opening dead center position, and the concave structure stops the crank arm when the crank arm is at the opening dead center position.
  • a thrust plane which is matched with the stop plane 311 corresponding to the stop is machined.
  • the thrust plane increases the area where the transmission shaft 1 and the blocking plane 311 are engaged in blocking, reduces the pressure at the contact position of the transmission shaft 1 and the blocking plane 311, and prevents the transmission shaft 1 and the blocking plane 311 from being too strong. Under the circumstance of deformation, the service life of the switchgear is prolonged.
  • the thrust plane may not be processed on the transmission shaft, and the arc surface of the transmission shaft and the blocking plane may be used for blocking.
  • the crank arm 2 has two connecting arms arranged at intervals, and the hook structure is located between the two connecting arms and is hinged with the two connecting arms via the hinge shaft.
  • the use of this structure for the crank arm 2 can ensure the stability of the connection between the connecting joint 3 and the crank arm 2, and also facilitate the balanced arrangement of the hook structure to ensure stable force transmission.
  • the crutch may also have only one connecting arm, and the connecting head is fixedly connected to the connecting arm.
  • crank arm 2 and the transmission shaft 1 are integrally arranged.
  • the crank arm can also be assembled with the transmission shaft through welding connection or spline arrangement.
  • the transmission shaft 1 passes through the crank arm box 5 and is supported in the crank arm box 5 by the transmission shaft bearings 6 on both sides of the crank arm box 5.
  • Setting the transmission shaft bearing 6 can ensure the normal rotation of the transmission shaft 3. It can also be avoided that the transmission shaft 3 touches the inner wall of the arm box 5 during the rotation, which affects the transmission effect and damages the arm box 5.
  • the drive shaft bearing may not be provided on the crank arm box, and the drive shaft is supported and maintained in position by the operating mechanism, so that the drive shaft does not touch the inner wall of the crank arm during rotation.
  • the switching device is set at a suitable position in the power transmission line, and the transmission shaft 1 is connected to a suitable operating mechanism.
  • the operating mechanism drives the drive shaft 1 to rotate in the positive direction, and the crank arm 2 fixedly connected to the drive shaft 1 swings in the positive direction.
  • the connecting head 3 moves under the action of the crank arm 2 through the insulating rod 7.
  • the movable contact part moves in a straight line, the arm 2 swings forward from the reverse limit position, crosses the closing dead center position, and reaches the positive limit position, and the switching device is closed.
  • the blocking plane 311 stops the connecting head 3 to prevent the crank arm 2 from continuing to swing in the forward direction.
  • the elastic force of the closing spring prevents the crank arm 2 from swinging in the opposite direction, ensuring the movable contact part and the static contact seat There is a reliable fit between.
  • the operating mechanism drives the drive shaft 1 to rotate in the reverse direction, and the crank arm 2 fixedly connected to the drive shaft 1 swings in the opposite direction.
  • the connector 3 moves under the action of the crank arm 2 through the insulating pull rod 7 Drive the movable contact part to move in a straight line, the arm 2 swings in the reverse direction from the positive limit position, crosses the opening dead center position, reaches the reverse limit position, and the switching device is opened.
  • the concave structure 312 blocks the crank arm 2 to prevent the crank arm 2 from continuing to swing in the reverse direction.
  • the elastic force of the opening spring prevents the crank arm 2 from swinging forward, ensuring that the movable contact part is in contact with the static There is a reliable fracture distance between the contact seats.
  • the switching device of the embodiment of the present invention can be used as a circuit breaker in a transmission line, or can be set in a multi-station selector switch in multiple groups to control the on and off of each line in the multi-station selector switch. .

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种开关电器，包括：传动轴(1)，传动轴(1)上设有拐臂(2)，拐臂(2)上铰接有连接头(3)，连接头(3)上连接有绝缘拉杆(7)，拐臂(2)具有正向极限位置和反向极限位置，连接头(3)上设有在拐臂(2)处于正向极限位置时与传动轴(1)顶压挡止配合的正向挡止部，连接头(3)上还设有在拐臂(2)处于反向极限位置时与传动轴(1)顶压挡止配合的反向挡止部，正向挡止部和反向挡止部中的至少一个为凹部结构(312)。该开关电器不需要在开关电器内设置额外的零部件就能将拐臂(2)分别限制在正向极限位置与反向极限位置，在保证开关电器不会因拐臂(2)转动角度大于设定值而带来安全隐患的同时，使开关电器的加工工序简单，缩小了拐臂盒的体积。

Description

一种开关电器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201910380861.8、申请日为2019年05月10日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关电器。
背景技术
高压断路器在分合闸时需要保证动触头具有足够的合分闸速度以满足使用要求。现有技术中，设置与高压断路器的传动轴传动连接的操动机构，操动机构对传动轴输出操动力矩，传动轴通过内拐臂和绝缘拉杆驱动动触头往复移动，保证动触头具有符合要求的分合闸速度。
高压断路器断开后，动触头和静触座之间的距离称为断口距离，断口距离又叫开距。高压断路器必须具有足够长度的断口距离,以防止高压断路器处于断开状态时因动触头与静触座之间的距离较近而导致高压电击穿空气，使高压断路器短路，对电器元件和工作人员的安全造成威胁。
现有的断路器中，内拐臂的旋转角度大多为60°左右，这种情况需要一个很长的内拐臂才能使高压断路器断开，使动触头和静触座之间具有足够的断口距离。较长的内拐臂就需要操动机构输出较大的操动力矩，操动力矩过大会使高压断路器在分合闸时对传动轴和内拐臂等运动件产生较大的冲击；导致运动件容易损坏，使用寿命减短。同时，较长的内拐臂需要设置与之相匹配的大体积拐臂盒。大体积拐臂盒不仅会过多的占用高压断 路器的内部空间，还会增加高压断路器的生产成本。
高压断路器在完成合闸或者分闸后，需要对内拐臂进行限位，防止内拐臂在完成设定动作后在操动机构的带动或惯性作用下继续运动，通过绝缘拉杆带动动触头移动，影响高压断路器的分合闸状态，对电器元件和工作人员的安全造成威胁。现有技术中，通常在操动机构内部设置限位机构，通过限位机构限制传动轴的转动角度，使动触头精准的停到合闸位置或者分闸位置。但是在操动机构内部设置限位结构，结构复杂，传动轴反弹角度较大，严重影响了高压断路器的开断性能。
申请公布号为CN106683919A、申请公布日为2017.05.17的中国发明专利申请公开了一种操动机构及使用该操动机构的开关装置，开关装置中在两个内拐臂之间夹设有镰刀型连杆，内拐臂通过镰刀型连杆与绝缘拉杆传动连接，镰刀型连杆具有凹型结构，在传动轴带动镰刀型连杆动作时，镰刀型连杆的凹型结构可以避让传动轴，使内拐臂具有更大的旋转角度。在满足相同断口距离的情况下，采用具有凹型结构的镰刀型连杆可以减小内拐臂的长度，从而减小操动机构的操动力矩，缩小拐臂盒的体积。
该开关装置的拐臂盒上靠近内拐臂的位置处设有挡块，挡块为与传动轴同轴的圆弧形结构。开关装置还包括沿绝缘拉杆的轴向间隔分布的分闸弹簧和合闸弹簧。内拐臂在随传动轴的转动路径上具有合闸死点位置和分闸死点位置，当内拐臂在合闸死点位置时，高压断路器的动触头合闸到位，当内拐臂在分闸死点位置时，高压断路器的动触头分闸到位。拐臂在其往复摆动行程上具有与动触头部分合闸完成相对应的正向极限位置和与动触头部分分闸完成相对应的反向极限位置，当传动轴逆时针转动直至内拐臂超过合闸死点位置到达正向极限位置时，内拐臂与挡块的上侧挡止配合，防止传动轴继续逆时针旋转影响高压断路器的合闸状态，合闸弹簧作用在拐臂上的力的方向与拐臂此时逆时针转动的方向相同，即拐臂在合闸弹簧 的弹力的作用下无法因外力的作用顺时针转动，防止传动轴顺时针旋转影响高压断路器的合闸状态，此时动触头部分合闸完成。当传动轴顺时针转动直至内拐臂低于分闸死点位置到达反向极限位置时，内拐臂与挡块的下侧挡止配合，防止传动轴继续顺时针旋转影响高压断路器的分闸状态，分闸弹簧作用在拐臂上的力的方向与拐臂此时顺时针转动的方向相同，即拐臂在分闸弹簧的弹力的作用下无法因外力的作用逆时针转动，防止传动轴逆时针旋转影响高压断路器的分闸状态，此时动触头部分分闸完成。该开关装置在拐臂盒内设置与内拐臂挡止配合的挡块，解决了限位结构设置在操动机构内部导致的传动轴反弹角度较大，结构复杂的问题。
但是该开关结构需要在拐臂盒内增加挡块，导致开关结构中的零部件数量增多，使开关结构的加工及装配工艺复杂化，需要在拐臂盒中预留出布置挡块的空间，会额外增大拐臂盒的体积，不利于拐臂盒的小型化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种开关电器，用以解决现有技术中在拐臂盒内设置挡止拐臂轴的挡块时零部件数量多的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例的开关电器的技术方案是：
开关电器，包括传动轴，传动轴上设有拐臂，拐臂上铰接有连接头，连接头上连接有用于与开关电器的动触头部分传动连接以在传动轴带着拐臂往复摆动过程中实现合闸、分闸操作的绝缘拉杆，拐臂在其正反向往复摆动行程上具有与动触头部分合闸完成相对应的正向极限位置和与动触头部分分闸完成相对应的反向极限位置，所述连接头上设有在拐臂处于正向极限位置时与所述传动轴顶压挡止配合以将拐臂限位在正向极限位置处的正向挡止部，连接头上还设有在拐臂处于反向极限位置时与所述传动轴顶压挡止配合以将拐臂限位在反向极限位置处的反向挡止部，正向挡止部和 反向挡止部中的至少一个为凹部结构。
本发明实施例的开关电器的有益效果是：在连接头上加工在拐臂转动到位时对拐臂进行挡止的正向挡止部与反向挡止部，不需要在开关电器内设置额外的零部件就能将拐臂分别限制在正向极限位置与反向极限位置，在保证开关电器不会因拐臂转动角度大于设定值而带来安全隐患的同时，使开关电器的加工工序简单，缩小了拐臂盒的体积。正向挡止部和反向挡止部中的至少一个为凹部结构，凹部结构可以在拐臂往复摆动过程中避开传动轴，使内拐臂在其摆动行程上具有更大的摆动角度，从而缩短内拐臂的长度。
进一步地，所述开关电器包括所述动触头部分，拐臂通过拐臂铰接轴与连接头铰接，绝缘拉杆通过拉杆铰接轴与动触头部分铰接，绝缘拉杆在其延伸方向上位于连接头和动触头部分之间，拐臂在其正向摆动行程中具有使传动轴轴线、拐臂铰接轴轴线及拉杆铰接轴轴线共面的合闸死点位置，拐臂的正向极限位置在拐臂的正向摆动行程上越过所述合闸死点位置。
其有益之处在于，拐臂正向摆动至合闸死点位置时动触头合闸到位，操动机构继续动作带动拐臂继续正向摆动到达正向极限位置，此时正向挡止部与传动轴挡止配合限制拐臂继续正向摆动。若此时开关电器受到振动，拐臂在外力的作用下仅能做反向摆动，拐臂在正向极限位置时做反向摆动较为困难，所以拐臂仅在外力的作用下很难从正向极限位置反向摆动至合闸死点位置。拐臂的正向极限位置在拐臂的正向摆动行程上越过所述合闸死点位置，保证动触头在合闸状态下，拐臂无法正向摆动且很难反向摆动，实现了开关电器的合闸自锁，使动触头部分与静触座之间具有可靠的配合。
进一步地，所述拐臂在其反向摆动行程中具有使传动轴轴线、拐臂铰接轴轴线及拉杆铰接轴轴线共面的分闸死点位置，拐臂的反向极限位置在拐臂的反向摆动行程上越过所述分闸死点位置。
其有益之处在于，拐臂反向摆动至分闸死点位置时动触头分闸到位，操动机构继续动作带动拐臂继续反向摆动到达反向极限位置，此时反向挡止部与传动轴挡止配合限制拐臂继续反向摆动。若此时开关电器受到振动，拐臂在外力的作用下仅能做正向摆动，拐臂在反向极限位置时做正向摆动较为困难，所以拐臂仅在外力的作用下很难从反向极限位置正向摆动至分闸死点位置。拐臂的反向极限位置在拐臂的反向摆动行程上越过所述分闸死点位置，保证动触头在分闸状态下，拐臂无法反向摆动且很难正向摆动，实现了开关电器的分闸自锁，使动触头部分与静触座之间具有可靠的断口距离。
进一步地，所述正向挡止部和反向挡止部中的其中一个为所述凹部结构，另一个为挡止平面。其有益之处在于，设置挡止平面能够提高传动轴对连接头的挡止的稳定性。
进一步地，所述传动轴上设有与所述挡止平面对应的止推平面，挡止平面与止推平面挡止配合以在拐臂的正向摆动行程上将拐臂限制在所述正向极限位置。其有益之处在于，止推平面增大了传动轴与挡止平面的接触面积，减小了传动轴与挡止平面接触位置的压强，防止传动轴与挡止平面在压强过大的情况下发生变形，延长了开关电器的使用寿命。
进一步地，所述连接头下部为勾头结构，勾头结构的内侧形成所述凹部结构，勾头结构的外侧具有所述的挡止平面。其有益之处在于，能够较轻易的在连接头上加工出凹部结构与挡止平面，降低了生产成本。
进一步地，所述连接头上部与绝缘拉杆为轴孔插配结构，连接头上部和绝缘拉杆均设有贯通的销轴孔，在销轴孔中穿装销轴以实现连接头与绝缘拉杆的连接。其有益之处在于，连接头上部与绝缘拉杆之间采用这种连接方式，便于实现绝缘拉杆与连接头之间的装配。
进一步地，所述拐臂具有间隔布置的两个连接臂，所述勾头结构位于 两个连接臂之间并通过所述拐臂铰接轴与两连接臂铰接。其有益之处在于，连接头夹设在两个连接臂之间，保证了连接头与拐臂之间的连接强度，便于平衡布置勾头结构，保证稳定传力。
进一步地，在拐臂的正向摆动行程上拐臂从所述合闸死点位置转动至正向极限位置时转动的角度，与在拐臂的反向摆动行程上拐臂从所述分闸死点位置转动至反向极限位置时转动的角度相等。
进一步地，所述拐臂与传动轴之间的连接方式为一体成型或焊接连接。其有益之处在于，通过一体成型或分体焊接的方法连接传动轴与拐臂，不需要在拐臂和传动轴上加工出其他的连接结构，传动轴与拐臂的结构简单，便于制造。
附图说明
图1为本发明的开关电器的具体实施例的部分结构示意图；
图2为本发明的开关电器的具体实施例中的传动轴与连接头的连接结构示意图；
图3为本发明的开关电器的具体实施例在合闸完成时的部分结构示意图；
图4为本发明的开关电器的具体实施例在分闸完成时的部分结构示意图；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例的实施方式作进一步说明。
本发明的开关电器的具体实施例：如图1所示，开关电器包括绝缘拉杆7、拐臂盒5、设置在拐臂盒中的传动轴1、拐臂2和连接头3。
如图2所示，连接头3包括连接头下部31和连接头上部32，连接头下部31为勾头结构，勾头结构的内侧形成凹部结构312，凹部结构312为反向挡止部。在勾头结构的外侧加工出挡止平面311，挡止平面311为正向挡止部。以图3与图4中的拐臂2以传动轴1的中心轴线为摆动轴线的逆时针旋转称为拐臂2的正向摆动，拐臂2由反向极限位置正向摆动至正向极限位置的行程称为拐臂2的正向摆动行程。拐臂2以传动轴1的中心轴线为摆动轴线的顺时针旋转称为拐臂2的反向摆动，拐臂2由正向极限位置反向同摆动至反向极限位置的行程称为拐臂2的反向摆动行程。当开关电器进行分闸操作时，拐臂2在其的反向摆动行程上摆动，直至拐臂2处于如图4所示的反向极限位置，凹部结构312对拐臂2进行挡止，防止拐臂2继续反向摆动，带动动触头移动影响动触头的分闸状态，对电器元件和工作人员的安全造成威胁。此时拐臂2与动触头部分分闸完成。当开关电器进行合闸操作时，拐臂2在其正向摆动行程上摆动，直至拐臂2处于如图3所示的正向极限位置，挡止平面311对拐臂2进行挡止，防止拐臂2继续正向摆动，带动动触头移动影响动触头的合闸状态，对电器元件和工作人员的安全造成威胁。此时拐臂2与动触头部分合闸完成。凹部结构312可以在拐臂2顺时针摆动时使连接头3避开传动轴1，以实现拐臂2的摆动角度大于180°。
在其他实施例中，在连接头上设置用于在拐臂摆动至反向极限位置时对拐臂进行挡止的其他结构，例如，第二凹部结构等。
连接头上部32为圆柱状结构，连接头上部32与绝缘拉杆7之间为轴孔插配，连接头上部32设有径向贯通的连接头销轴孔321，绝缘拉杆7上设有与连接头销轴孔321对应的拉杆销轴孔，连接销轴穿装于连接头销轴孔321和拉杆销轴孔中将绝缘拉杆7与连接头3固定连接。其他实施例中，连接头可以整体为勾头结构，连接头销轴孔位于勾头结构的上部，在绝缘 拉杆上加工出与勾头结构上部适配的形状，连接销轴穿装于连接头销轴孔和拉杆销轴孔中将绝缘拉杆与连接头固定连接。在其他实施例中，连接头也可以通过其他方式实现与绝缘拉杆的连接，例如，螺栓连接等。
开关电器还包括动触头部分，绝缘拉杆7在其延伸方向上位于连接头3和动触头部分之间，拐臂2通过拐臂铰接轴4与连接头3铰接，绝缘拉杆7通过拉杆铰接轴与动触头部分铰接，拉杆铰接轴与动触头部分在图中未示出。
拐臂2在其正向摆动行程中具有使传动轴轴线、拐臂铰接轴轴线及拉杆铰接轴轴线共面的合闸死点位置，拐臂2在其反向摆动过程中具有使传动轴轴线、拐臂铰接轴轴线及拉杆铰接轴轴线共面的分闸死点位置，拐臂2的合闸死点位置与分闸死点位置关于传动轴1的中心轴线对称布置。拐臂2的正向极限位置在拐臂2的正向摆动行程上越过合闸死点位置，拐臂2的反向极限位置在拐臂2的反向摆动行程上越过分闸死点位置。
拐臂2正向摆动至合闸死点位置时，动触头部分伸入静触座的距离最长，操动机构继续动作带动拐臂2继续正向摆动到达正向极限位置，挡止平面311与传动轴1挡止配合限制拐臂2继续正向摆动。若此时开关电器受到振动，拐臂2仅能做反向摆动运动，此时合闸弹簧作用在拐臂2上的力的方向与拐臂2的正向摆动的方向相同，拐臂2做反向摆动需要克服合闸弹簧的弹力，所以拐臂2仅在外力的作用下很难从正向极限位置反向摆动至合闸死点位置。当振动较为剧烈时，拐臂2在外力的作用下反向摆动至正向极限位置与合闸死点位置之间，拐臂2会在合闸弹簧的作用下正向摆动至正向极限位置并压紧。拐臂2的正向极限位置在拐臂的正向摆动行程上越过合闸死点位置，保证动触头部分在合闸状态下，拐臂2在受到外力作用时仅能在正向极限位置与合闸死点位置之间摆动并最终压紧在正向极限位置，实现了开关电器的合闸自锁，保证了动触头部分与静触座之间 具有可靠的配合。当然在其他实施例中，正向极限位置也可以与合闸死点位置重合，挡止平面在拐臂处于合闸死点位置时对拐臂进行挡止。
拐臂2反向摆动至分闸死点位置时，动触头部分距离静触座的距离最远，操动机构继续动作带动拐臂2继续反向摆动到达反向极限位置，拐臂2凹部结构312与传动轴1挡止配合限制拐臂2继续反向摆动。若此时开关电器受到振动，拐臂2仅能做正向摆动运动，此时分闸弹簧作用在拐臂2上的力的方向与拐臂2的反向摆动的方向相同，拐臂2做正向摆动运动需要克服分闸弹簧的弹力，所以拐臂2仅在外力的作用下很难从反向极限位置正向摆动至分闸死点位置。当振动较为剧烈时，当拐臂2在外力作用下正向摆动至反向极限位置与分闸死点位置之间，拐臂2会在分闸弹簧的作用下反向摆动至反向极限位置并压紧。拐臂2的反向极限位置在拐臂2的反向摆动行程上越过所述分闸死点位置，保证动触头部分在分闸状态下，拐臂2在受到外力作用时仅能在反向极限位置与分闸死点位置之间摆动并最终压紧在反向极限位置，实现了开关电器的分闸自锁，保证了动触头部分与静触座之间具有可靠的断口距离。当然在其他实施例中，反向极限位置也可以与分闸死点位置重合，凹部结构在拐臂处于分闸死点位置时对拐臂进行挡止。
在传动轴1上加工出与挡止平面311对应挡止配合的止推平面。止推平面增大了传动轴1与挡止平面311挡止配合的面积，减小了传动轴1与挡止平面311接触位置处的压强，防止传动轴1与挡止平面311在压强过大的情况下发生变形，延长了开关电器的使用寿命。在其他实施例中，也可以不在传动轴上加工止推平面，依靠传动轴的弧形面与挡止平面挡止配合。
拐臂2具有间隔布置的两个连接臂，勾头结构位于两个连接臂之间并通过所述拐臂铰接轴与两连接臂铰接。拐臂2采用这种结构，能够保证连 接头3与拐臂2之间的连接稳固性，还便于平衡布置勾头结构，保证稳定传力。在其他实施例中，拐臂也可以只有一个连接臂，连接头固连在该连接臂上。
为了保证拐臂2与传动轴1的连接稳定性，拐臂2与传动轴1一体设置，其他实施例中，拐臂也可以与传动轴通过焊接连接或设置花键装配在一起。
如图1所示，传动轴1穿过拐臂盒5并通过拐臂盒5两侧的传动轴轴承6支撑在拐臂盒5中，设置传动轴轴承6既可以保证传动轴3正常旋转，也可以避免传动轴3在旋转过程中触碰到拐臂盒5的内壁，影响传动效果，损伤拐臂盒5。在其他实施例中，拐臂盒上也可以不设置传动轴轴承，传动轴通过操动机构对它的支撑保持位置，使传动轴在旋转过程中不会触碰到拐臂内壁。
本发明实施例的开关电器的工作过程：
将开关电器设置在输电线路中合适的位置，将传动轴1与合适的操动机构进传动连接。
当开关电器合闸时，操动机构动作带动传动轴1正向旋转，与传动轴1固定连接的拐臂2做正向摆动，连接头3在拐臂2的作用下动作，通过绝缘拉杆7带动动触头部分做直线运动，拐臂2由反向极限位置正向摆动，越过合闸死点位置，到达正向极限位置，开关电器合闸完成。拐臂处于正向极限位置时，挡止平面311挡止连接头3，防止拐臂2继续正向摆动，合闸弹簧的弹力防止拐臂2反向摆动，保证动触头部分与静触座之间具有可靠的配合。
当开关电器分闸时，操动机构动作带动传动轴1反向旋转，与传动轴1固定连接的拐臂2做反向摆动，连接头3在拐臂2的作用下动作，通过绝缘拉杆7带动动触头部分做直线运动，拐臂2由正向极限位置反向摆动， 越过分闸死点位置，到达反向极限位置，开关电器分闸完成。拐臂2处于反向极限位置时，凹部结构312对拐臂2进行挡止，防止拐臂2继续反向摆动，分闸弹簧的弹力防止拐臂2正向摆动，保证动触头部分与静触座之间具有可靠的断口距离。
本发明实施例的开关电器可以设置在输电线路中作为断路器使用，也可以多个一组设置在多工位选择开关中，用于分别控制多工位选择开关中的各条线路的通断。

Claims (10)

  1. 开关电器，包括传动轴，传动轴上设有拐臂，拐臂上铰接有连接头，连接头上连接有用于与开关电器的动触头部分传动连接以在传动轴带着拐臂往复摆动过程中实现合闸、分闸操作的绝缘拉杆，拐臂在其正反向往复摆动行程上具有与动触头部分合闸完成相对应的正向极限位置和与动触头部分分闸完成相对应的反向极限位置，所述连接头上设有在拐臂处于正向极限位置时与所述传动轴顶压挡止配合以将拐臂限位在正向极限位置处的正向挡止部，连接头上还设有在拐臂处于反向极限位置时与所述传动轴顶压挡止配合以将拐臂限位在反向极限位置处的反向挡止部，正向挡止部和反向挡止部中的至少一个为凹部结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电器，所述开关电器包括所述动触头部分，拐臂通过拐臂铰接轴与连接头铰接，绝缘拉杆通过拉杆铰接轴与动触头部分铰接，绝缘拉杆在其延伸方向上位于连接头和动触头部分之间，拐臂在其正向摆动行程中具有使传动轴轴线、拐臂铰接轴轴线及拉杆铰接轴轴线共面的合闸死点位置，拐臂的正向极限位置在拐臂的正向摆动行程上越过所述合闸死点位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的开关电器，所述拐臂在其反向摆动行程中具有使传动轴轴线、拐臂铰接轴轴线及拉杆铰接轴轴线共面的分闸死点位置，拐臂的反向极限位置在拐臂的反向摆动行程上越过所述分闸死点位置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的开关电器，所述正向挡止部和反向挡止部中的其中一个为所述凹部结构，另一个为挡止平面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的开关电器，所述传动轴上设有与所述挡止平面对应的止推平面，挡止平面与止推平面挡止配合以在拐臂的正向摆动行程上将拐臂限制在所述正向极限位置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的开关电器，所述连接头下部为勾头结构，勾头结构的内侧形成所述凹部结构，勾头结构的外侧具有所述的挡止平面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的开关电器，所述连接头上部与绝缘拉杆为轴孔插配结构，连接头上部和绝缘拉杆均设有贯通的销轴孔，在销轴孔中穿装销轴以实现连接头与绝缘拉杆的连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的开关电器，所述拐臂具有间隔布置的两个连接臂，所述勾头结构位于两个连接臂之间并通过所述拐臂铰接轴与两连接臂铰接。
  9. 根据权利要求3至8任意一项所述的开关电器，在拐臂的正向摆动行程上拐臂从所述合闸死点位置转动至正向极限位置时转动的角度，与在拐臂的反向摆动行程上拐臂从所述分闸死点位置转动至反向极限位置时转动的角度相等。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的开关电器，所述拐臂与传动轴之间的连接方式为一体成型或焊接连接。
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