WO2020226529A1

WO2020226529A1 - Disintegration reactor and method for disintegrating and activating feedstock

Info

Publication number: WO2020226529A1
Application number: PCT/RU2019/000323
Authority: WO
Inventors: Илья Александрович СЕМИН
Original assignee: Илья Александрович СЕМИН
Priority date: 2019-05-08
Filing date: 2019-05-08
Publication date: 2020-11-12

Abstract

The invention relates to means for breaking down solid rocks by electromagnetic and mechanical action in order to produce powders and suspensions, and for activating same, and can be used in many branches of industry. The technical result consists in creating a rapid-action, powerful and at the same time energy-efficient, simple and reliable device and a method for breaking down a feedstock to obtain at the outlet particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock. The technical result is achieved by supplying feedstock to a reaction chamber formed by two concave working wheels; disintegrating and activating said feedstock in the reaction chamber by means of an electromagnetic field and by the rotation of said working wheels, wherein an electromagnetic field is generated by at least one of said working wheels, and activation consists in carrying out an action on the surface of the feedstock particles which will cause said particles to enter more easily into physical and chemical reactions with other particles, said physical and chemical reactions leading to a change in the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock; releasing the particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock from the reaction chamber into an empty region between the reaction chamber and a housing/collector; and discharging the particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock via an outlet opening situated in the housing/collector.

Description

DISINTEGRATION REACTOR AND METHOD FOR DISINTEGRATION AND ACTIVATION OF FEEDER RAW MATERIALS

Engineering area:

[0001] The invention relates to means of destruction of solid rocks of rocks, electromagnetic and mechanical action for obtaining powders, suspensions, as well as their activation, and can be used in many industries.

Vehicle tier:

[0002] From the prior art known centrifugal rotor grinder described in RU JVT "2004118152 A, class. В02С 13/22. The known grinder consists of a housing in which two rotors are placed. The rotors are mounted on shafts and equipped with pulleys that rotate the rotors in opposite directions. The shredder is equipped with a loading branch pipe. At rotors console ^'fastened fingers which are arranged in concentric rows, and each row of pins of one rotor is located between two rows of the other rotor fingers. Cylindrical glasses made of carbide material are tightly set on removable fingers. The rotor discs rotate in opposite directions. The crushed material is fed through the inlet and enters the central part of the inter-rotor space. Particles of material are thrown by centrifugal force on the second row of fingers moving towards the second row of fingers by striking the fingers of the first row and acquiring the speed corresponding to this row of fingers. Having received a blow from the fingers of the second row, they bounce off it and, changing the velocity vector, are thrown onto the third row of fingers, etc. The last finger next

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) particles of the processed material are ejected from the processing area and discharged from the working chamber through the discharge opening.

[0003] The known grinder suffers from some of the disadvantages described below. Low crushing efficiency due to the constant dynamic loads on the rotor pins and bushings, and as a result, abrasive wear of these elements. Insufficient service life of the rotors of the grinder structure, equipped with removable fingers, on which removable cylindrical nozzles made of carbide material are tightly fitted, and the cups are tightly fitted on each finger of the two rotors. The main drawback is the lack of a guaranteed fraction of the crushed product, and in those models where such a product can be obtained, this is associated with additional functions that require separate equipment and the associated need for the introduction of additional classification devices into the grinding process. High wear and associated frequent work on the replacement of device elements, low productivity, high metal consumption, high energy consumption.

Disclosure of the invention:

[0004] the Problem solved by the claimed invention is to create a continuous grinding process for obtaining a finished product with a controlled limit of particle sizes of the required fineness, by means of counter-collision of air flows of the raw mixture, as well as by means of magnetic fields acting on said particles.

[0005] The technical result of the present invention is to create a high-speed, powerful and at the same time energy efficient, simple, reliable device and method for

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) destruction of the feedstock with obtaining at the exit particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock.

[0006] In a first possible embodiment of the present invention, a feedstock disintegration reactor is provided for disintegrating and activating the feedstock, having a manifold body, which contains: two concave impellers, each of which has a hub unit on which they are fixed, where a cavity is formed between the said impellers, and the impellers themselves are made with the possibility of contactless location on top of each other, forming a gap between themselves, while the hub units and / or impellers have at least one opening for feeding the feedstock, and, at least one hub unit or at least one impeller is configured to generate an electromagnetic field; a reaction chamber formed by said cavity and said gap, having a space bounded by said impellers, and configured to disintegrate the feedstock by means of an electromagnetic field and by rotating said impellers, and also configured to activate the feedstock, where activation means impact on the surface of the particles of the feedstock, after which the said particles more easily enter into physicochemical reactions with other particles, where the physicochemical reactions lead to a change in the physicochemical properties of the feedstock; a calibrator configured to release particles of disintegrated feedstock from the reaction chamber into a hollow zone between the reaction chamber and the collector body, while the calibrator is located on the circuit of at least one working

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) wheels; an outlet located in the collector body and made with the possibility of removing particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock outside, while the said impellers, the calibrator and the collector body with the outlet constitute a single organ in the disintegration reactor mechanism.

[0007] Additionally, the impellers are made with the possibility of counter-rotation, contain radial ribs on their concave surfaces and are mounted coaxially on a fixed hollow axis with openings for feeding the feedstock or on two fixed hollow axes containing at least one opening for feeding raw materials.

[0008] Additionally, the calibrator is configured to release disintegrated particles relative to their fineness and / or consistency, and is also configured to further disintegrate the particles of the feedstock.

[0009] Additionally, the process of taking the feedstock into the reaction chamber, the process of dispensing the particles of the disintegrated feedstock into the hollow zone, as well as ejection outside through the outlet of the particles of the crushed feedstock occurs when the said impellers rotate.

[0010] Additionally, raw material is used as a raw material in at least one of the following aggregate states: solid aggregate state, liquid aggregate state, gaseous aggregate state, or combinations thereof.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [OOP] Additionally, the manifold body is made with at least one cavity of the injection structure and / or consists of several component parts.

[0012] Additionally, the disintegration reactor may contain elements for pumping and accelerating air and / or liquid and feedstock.

[0013] An additional settable fineness and / or consistency of the feedstock has the ability to adjust the speed of rotation of two concave impellers with a calibrator.

[0014] Additionally, at least one of activated mixtures, solutions, slurries, suspensions or combinations thereof is formed in the reaction chamber during the disintegration of the feedstock particles.

[0015] In a second possible embodiment of the present invention, a method for disintegrating and activating a feedstock is provided, comprising the steps of: feeding the feedstock into a reaction chamber formed by two concave impellers; the step of disintegration and activation of said feedstock in the reaction chamber by means of an electromagnetic field and by means of rotation of said impellers, where the electromagnetic field is generated by at least one said impeller, and activation means the impact on the surface of the feedstock particles, after which said particles are lighter enter into physicochemical reactions with other particles, where physicochemical reactions lead to a change in the physicochemical properties of the feedstock; stage of release of particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock from

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the reaction chamber into a hollow zone between the reaction chamber and the collector body; and a step of discharging the disintegrated and activated feedstock particles to the outside through an outlet located in the manifold housing.

[0016] Additionally, the method includes the step of further disintegrating the particles of the feedstock by means of a calibrator located on the circuit of at least one impeller.

[0017] Additionally, the release of disintegrated particles occurs by means of a calibrator relative to the particle size and / or consistency of the particles of the feedstock.

[0018] Additionally, the fineness and / or consistency of the feedstock has the ability to adjust the speed of rotation of two concave impellers with a calibrator.

[0019] Additionally, the steps of supplying, disintegrating and activating, releasing and exiting particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock occurs while rotating said impellers.

[0020] Additionally, raw material is used as a raw material in at least one of the following aggregate states: solid aggregate state, liquid aggregate state, gaseous aggregate state, or combinations thereof.

[0021] Obviously, both the previous general description and the following detailed description are given by way of example and explanation only and are not limitations of the present invention.

Brief Description of Drawings:

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a general view of the disintegration reactor.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [0023] FIG. 2A and 2B show a general view of the calibrator included in the disintegration reactor.

Implementation of the invention:

[0024] Next, definitions of terminology used in the present specification will be given. Substance is what the physical body consists of, which is inherent in having mass and volume. A substance can be presented in three states of aggregation - solid, liquid and gaseous. Substances used in the manufacture of objects, machines and devices, as well as in construction and other areas, are usually called materials. In mining, materials (rock) are particles consisting of grains of a mineral, or any of its components, which obey the laws of behavior of similar grains and in the process of separation (disintegration, enrichment), depending on their size, density and shape. More than 20 million substances are known to date. Many of them are found in nature. A reactor is a device that operates on the basis of various types of reactions (physical, chemical, etc.). In its composition, the reactor has a reaction chamber that creates a circulating flow for the processes of activation, disintegration and dispersion, increasing the efficiency of work in the working zones, intensifying the process of movement, and ensuring the activation and disintegration of particles of the feedstock. A reaction chamber is a mechanically created environment in a device with generating elements or a mechanism (with a chemical element, at least with the same charge of atomic nuclei) to create a magnetic field, under the influence of two counter-rotating impellers with an effect on the magnetic moments of particles and bodies , on moving charged particles in the process of activation and disintegration of particles of the feedstock. Magnetic

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the field is created by the magnetic moments of chemical elements in the structure of dynamic parts, with the possibility of using it on static parts inclusive. Elements that create a magnetic field can be made in the form of additional parts that are inserted into the working bodies, as well as the working bodies themselves can be made of alloys or with the composition of a chemical element to create the necessary magnetic fields. Magnetic field is a force field acting on moving charged particles and on bodies with a magnetic moment, regardless of the state of their motion by the magnetic moments of electrons in atoms. By a magnetic field it is customary to mean a certain energy space in which the forces of magnetic interaction are manifested. The electromagnetic field interacts with electric charges and bodies with magnetic moments, representing a combination of two fields, electric and magnetic. They are interconnected, represent a combination of each other, and when one changes over time, certain deviations occur in the other. In relation to interaction with an external magnetic field, substances are subdivided into: Antiferromagnets, with balanced magnetic moments. Diamagnets, with the property of magnetizing an internal field against the action of an external one. Paramagnets, with the properties of magnetizing the internal field in the direction of the external action. Ferromagnets with magnetic properties without an applied external field at temperatures. Ferrimagnets with magnetic moments unbalanced in magnitude and direction. All these properties of substances have found various applications in modern technology. Magnetic circuits, this term is called a set of various magnetic

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) materials through which magnetic flux is passed. They are analogous to electrical circuits. All transformers, inductors, electrical machines and many other devices work on the basis of calculations of magnetic circuits. For example, in a working electromagnet, the magnetic flux passes through a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic steels and air with pronounced non-ferromagnetic properties. The combination of these elements constitutes the magnetic circuit.

[0025] The claimed solution has technical capabilities that make it possible to create both dry powders followed by immersion in a liquid medium, and also provides the production of suspensions (liquid products) in the process of breaking rocks, with immersion of the feedstock both in the wet and in the dry state ... The presence of a calibrator area in the reaction chamber makes it possible to act on the particles with micro-ruptures, leading to the final breakdown of the particles. The main area of the reaction zone leads to initial cracks and micro-fractures, affecting the fracture (in a liquid medium, the wedging effect), on the particles of the feedstock, and the release of fine particles in the form of dust, gas, (or suspension, concrete, mixture for a wet grinding product ) into the cavity of the collector vessel, which ensures the withdrawal of the processing raw materials from the working areas of the reactor. In the aggregate, the technological line of the combined units of the mechanism is in a single device for obtaining the finished product in air (or liquid-air environment) with a given fineness of particles, by means of counter-impact of raw material flows under electromagnetic influence. At the same time, the energy expended to create a mechanical destructive environment with electromagnetic fields provides technological efficiency and is achieved due to the breakage of particles under the influence of the wedging (breaking) action on the initial

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) raw materials, with a decrease in stress action, excluding compression forces. According to this solution, there is no need for grinding media. In the claimed solution, the function of the grinding bodies is performed by the parts of the reaction chamber housing with the function of twisting and impacting the feed stream when exposed to a magnetic field. Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a detailed description is given in order to make the above objects, technical solutions and advantages of the invention more obvious.

[0026] Next, referring to FIG. 1, a disintegration reactor 100 will be described. The disintegration reactor 100 comprises a manifold body 101, which houses two concave impellers 102 located on two hub assemblies 103 (one impeller on one hub assembly). Between said impellers 102, there is a reaction chamber 104 (main working zone) formed by a cavity between two impellers 102. At least one hub assembly 103 and / or at least one impeller 102 have at least one an opening 105 for feeding the feedstock into the reaction chamber 104. A calibrator 106 (auxiliary working zone) is located on the circuit of at least one impeller 102. The calibrator 106 will be disclosed in more detail with reference to FIG. 2a and 2b below. A hollow zone 107 is formed between the impellers 102 with the calibrator 106 and the collector housing 101, into which particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock enter. The manifold body 101 has at least one outlet 108 through which particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock are discharged to the outside. Each of the elements will be described in more detail below.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [0027] The manifold body 101 is made of a rigid material such as metal, CFRP, plastic, etc. The body-collector 101 provides the location of all mechanisms in it, and also prevents the uncontrolled release of particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock. The main purpose of the said body 101 is to unite all mechanisms of the disintegration reactor 100 into a single organ, as well as to bring out the finished product in the form of particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock through at least one outlet 108. This outlet 108 can be connected to an external pipeline for supplying the finished product, to external storage devices for the finished product, etc. The finished product means particles of disintegrated and activated raw materials (in a liquid, dry state), which can be the final commercial product, as well as products for subsequent chemical or metallurgical processing, etc. The mentioned body-manifold 101 can be made by at least one cavity molded structure and / or consist of several component parts. To ensure production work, the collector housing 101 can accommodate additional devices in the form of a compressor or a pump (liquid, air), designed to remove the product from the cavity, the use of mechanical devices for this operation is also not excluded. The manifold body 101 has at least one cavity with the possibility of supplementing with sections of cavities, both horizontally and vertically, communicated with each other, and with at least one outlet opening 108. The possible need to use additional sections is due to the case of application

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) gravity (centrifugal) method of ore beneficiation, using the generated mixture flow in the device, with the possibility of using a magnetic (or other type) classifier to extract the required materials from waste rocks during disintegration, dispersion and / or activation in the flow. This solution is possible for obtaining dry powders, or wet product, as well as with the possibility of dehydration and / or drying of the processing product. If necessary, the technical design of the disintegration reactor is autonomous, it is possible to include the feed hopper in the device with the ability to preserve external sources as feedstock feeders.

[0028] Two concave impellers 102 contain elements in the form of radial ribs, which can be made with a curved shape, if necessary, with the possibility of installing impact elements of various configurations and alloys. At least one wheel 102 may be configured to generate an electromagnetic (magnetic) field. The electromagnetic field is generated by individual elements (or devices) that make up the wheel (or wheels) 102 or is generated by the wheel 102 itself. The electromagnetic field is generated by the wheel 102 itself in the event that the said wheel 102 is made of alloys or with the composition of a chemical element to create the necessary magnetic fields. In this case, both two and one wheel 102 can be made from the corresponding alloys (while the working bodies may differ in the composition of the material).

[0029] Each wheel 102 is secured to one hub assembly 103. Each hub assembly 103 is configured to drive a wheel 102. The hub assembly 103 itself is driven

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) by external mechanisms and / or devices 109. The mechanisms and / or devices 109 can be internal combustion engines, electric motors (Halbach magnetic assembly motor, axial motor, etc.), etc. Mechanisms and / or devices 109 are connected by means of connection with dynamic and static parts of the reactor 100 to rotate the impellers 102. This connection and the electric motor can be made by a rotor-wheel, a clutch, a pulley, a belt connection, a gear connection, etc. At least one hub assembly 103 can also be configured to generate an electromagnetic (magnetic) field. Each impeller 102 contains elements in the form of radial ribs (not shown in the figure), which can be made with a bent shape, if necessary, with the possibility of installing impact (reflecting) elements of various configurations and alloys. The preset fineness (size) of the particles can be controlled by the speed of rotation of the mentioned impellers 102, as well as by the shape of the constituent parts of the calibrator 106. Two concave impellers 102 are made with the possibility of counter rotation, have a gap between them, and are installed coaxially on a fixed axis.

[0030] Each hub unit includes a dynamic (movable; not shown in the figure) part and / or a static (stationary; not shown in the figure) part connected through a bearing unit (not shown in the figure) to the axle, where, in turn, it can be realized by the dynamic part both to the outer ring (not shown in the figure) and to the inner ring of the bearing (not shown in the figure). In this design, the stationary part is an axis fixed to the structure support, which is

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) an integral part of the hub assembly 103. The support is made with the possibility of rolling back and / or withdrawing the impeller 102 from the collector housing 101 for maintenance of the disintegration reactor units. The dynamic part or static part is the part to which said impellers 102 and any other dynamic elements are attached. The bearing assembly connects the static part and / or the dynamic part and the hollow shaft and ensures their structural integrity. The dynamic and / or static parts of the hub units are made with the possibility of attaching the impellers 102 to them, and bringing all the dynamic elements fixed to them, including the said wheels, in motion. Additionally, the mentioned disintegration reactor 100 has in the structure of the rack supports (not shown in the figure) hub assemblies (not shown in the figure), drives 109 and a manifold body 101, made with the possibility of installation both on a one-piece frame and with the possibility of installation on platform without rigid attachment to each other. The mentioned racks can be sliding and / or sliding manually or automated for spreading and / or withdrawing the said impellers 102 from the area of the collector housing 101 along the axis, including for the purpose of repair service.

[0031] Each hub unit 103 has in its static part or dynamic part an opening with a radius R _c , by means of which it is fixed on an axis with a radius R _o . Each mentioned impeller 102 also has an opening in its central part with a radius R _K , by means of which it is fixed on each hub assembly 103, while R _o <R _c <R _K. The values of R _o , R _c , R _K on each mentioned impeller 102, on each axle and on each hub assembly 103 may be different. For example, the first impeller 102 has an opening in its

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) central part with a radius R ^, and is fixed on the first hub assembly 103, which has a hole with a radius R ^ in its static part or dynamic part, which, in turn, is fixed on the first axis with a radius R ^, where R ¹ _O = 100MM , R ^ II OMM, and R ¹ _K = 200MM. The second impeller 102 has a hole in its central part with a radius R ² _K , and is fixed on the second hub assembly 103, which has a hole in its static part or dynamic part with a radius R ² _c which, in turn, is fixed on the second axis with a radius R ² ₀ , where R ² _O = 200MM, R ² _C = 210MM, and R ^^ OOMM. In this case, the second impeller 102 with a radius of R ² _K , the second axis with a radius of R ² ₀ , and the second hub assembly 103 with a radius of R ² _c , provide a greater throughput of the feedstock and a lower rotation speed of the said second impeller 102, compared to throughput and rotational speed of said first impeller 102. The lower rotational speed is due to the fact that with an increased radius in the bearing assembly (not shown in the figure) of the hub assembly 103, bearings of an increased diameter are used. It is generally known that with larger diameter bearings the rotational speed will be less than with smaller diameter bearings. Additionally, the design of the device can provide for the presence of only one hollow axis located on one impeller 102 and providing feedstock supply to the reaction chamber 104. In this case, the opposite impeller 102 can be made superimposed on the hub assembly 103, and the working surface and / or installed elements provide reflection of particles of the feedstock.

[0032] The two concave impellers 102 define a cavity in which the reaction chamber 104 is located. The chamber 104 provides

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) disintegration and activation of the feedstock coming from at least one hole 105. The said hole can be located both in the hub assemblies 103 and in the impellers 102. The force of impacts on the crushed feedstock is thousands of times greater than the resistance to destruction of pieces and particles of the feedstock raw materials due to the massiveness of the rotating two concave impellers 102, which have the function of flywheels-accumulators of kinetic energy, which is converted into mechanical energy of grinding. The impacts, including braking, of the feedstock on the impellers 102 are negligible due to the energy reserve of the rotary motion of the said impellers 102. The mass of the said impellers 102 is many times greater than the mass of the feedstock in the reaction chamber 104. Moreover, the magnetic field, created in the reaction chamber 104, acts on charged particles, acting on the internal charge of energy of the particles, with physical impact facilitating their break and destruction. Chamber 104 also activates the feedstock. Activation means the effect on the surface of the particles of the feedstock, after which the said particles more easily enter into physicochemical reactions with other particles, where physicochemical reactions lead to a change in the physicochemical properties of the feedstock. In connection with the generation of air flows by the device, for the needs of technological operations of production and ensuring the nodes from dust protection, as well as ensuring temperature control (heat removal), it is possible to use air-filtering (different protection classes, air, moisture) devices associated with the external environment at the air intake points. In order to compensate for the air volume inside the reaction chamber, an additional at least

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) one air duct in the axle walls and parts of the hub unit, with or without a control valve. Due to the directed movement of air flows, excess heat is removed from the parts of the disintegration reactor and sent to the reaction chamber 104 to maintain the required temperature regime of the created environment, and the hub units 103 are also protected from moisture, dust, grinding products, etc.). In addition, to protect the hub assemblies 103 and the working elements of the disintegration reactor 100, the said device may be provided with a protective casing, as well as devices for temperature control of air and / or liquid.

[0033] A calibrator 106 is located on the contour of at least one impeller 102. Said calibrator 106 can be made in the form of a radial fan, an annular lattice and any other elements that close the impeller circumference and serve as a calibrator with respect to fineness and / or consistency particles and preventing the exit of the crushed product to the required fineness. Elements of the said calibrator 106 can be made with the possibility of contactless location on top of each other. Moreover, the calibrator 106 performs additional disintegration of the feed particles. The calibrator 106 will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2a and 2b.

[0034] A hollow zone 107 is formed between said wheels 102 with a calibrator 106 and a collector housing 101. Particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock are supplied to the hollow zone 107 from the calibrator 106. Next, from the hollow zone 107, the particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock are fed to the outlet 108 as described above.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [0035] Next, referring to FIG. 2a and 2b, the calibrator 106 will be described in detail. The calibrator 106 contains blades 201 and annular channels 202. An annular gap is made between the counter-rotating impellers 102 on their periphery, in the area of which or directly inside the blades 201 are located. The blades 201 are made in the form of strips, impellers , plates or any other shape with the function of closing the circumference of the impeller 102. Said calibrator 106 and its elements in the form of blades 201 are located circumferentially on the periphery of the impeller 102 and the gap between the concave surfaces of the said wheels, to release particles of a given fraction of grinding through said calibrator into the hollow zone 107. The calibrator 106 is configured to be implemented both in the body of the impellers 102 and as a separate device and / or part (parts, segments) fixed to the impellers 102 or the impeller 102 by a single body in the mechanism of the entire disintegration reactor 100. Blades 201 are arranged in at least one row, and are opposite the annular channels 202.

[0036] The blades 201 of the calibrator can be installed on one of the wheels 102, or on both, with the possibility of making both separate segments and annular sectors, closing the circle at least in one row on different circumferences of the impellers 102 with the possibility of contactless finding each on the other, depending on the tasks in terms of productivity, the required fraction of the finished product, the type of feedstock and other parameters. Calibrator blades 201 and annular channels 202 of each impeller 102 may be located on different circumferences. Thus, the blades 201 mounted on one impeller 102 can penetrate without contact into the annular channels 202 of the body

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the opposite impeller 102 or elements attached thereto. The blades 201 of the said calibrator 106 are made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination, the angle of entry and exit, radial distance relative to the center of the reaction chamber 104 and adjustment in the depth of landing in the annular groove 202 for efficient use of the calibrator 106. The blades 201 can be made as separate components of the calibrator 106, and combined in a solid ring, or in annular sectors with the possibility of contactless location on top of each other.

[0037] The flows of the air-raw mixture of the feedstock meet with the calibrator 106 located in the region of the edge or in the annular gap between the impellers 102. The vanes 201 move along different circles in opposite directions with a gap between themselves, creating air flows with the possibility of being shock reflectors. Thus, in the region of the periphery of the reaction chamber 104 in the annular gap or in the region of the annular gap for the exit of the crushed and activated product, an annular region is created to release particles into the hollow zone 107 with respect to their size and / or consistency, as well as with the possibility of being dried and / or dehydrated in terms of moisture. When obtaining dry mixtures, light, of the required size range, particles of the crushed product entering the calibrator 106 take a directed radial movement of the flow, heavy (large) particles cannot be entrained into the calibrator due to their mass, shape and size and continue to move inside the reaction chamber to a deeper grinding and / or consistency. When receiving liquid mixtures, under the influence of magnetic (electromagnetic) fields and centrifugal forces, the feedstock rushes into the region of the periphery of the reaction chamber

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 104 with a limited space for unimpeded release from the reaction zone into the zone of the calibrator 106, while the particles are released under high pressure in this area. As a result of the redistribution of the feedstock, by means of the rotation of the impellers 102 and the action of the electromagnetic field, particles with a given fineness with a controlled limit of particle sizes are formed, due to which a deeper activation of the finished product and intensive homogenization of multicomponent mixtures, if necessary, occur. The preset fineness of grinding and / or their consistency is controlled by the speed of counter rotation of the impellers 102 with the calibrator 106 and the arrangement of the blades 201 or their configuration.

[0038] In a rotational motion at high speeds, said blades 201 of the calibrator 106 are heated due to friction with air (during dry processing of the feedstock) and provide an increase in temperature. In this case, the amount of temperature rise is achieved by adjusting the gap between the elements of the said calibrator 106. The temperature itself depends on the shape of the injection elements. The pumping elements, in this case, are radial ribs and elements of the calibrator 106. If necessary, it is possible to use an accelerator of the feedstock (not shown in the figure), which will also refer to the pumping elements, with at least one impeller in the area where the feedstock enters the reaction chamber. As a result of an increase in temperature, the properties of the particles of the feedstock also change, as a result of which their additional disintegration and activation occurs.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [0039] Next, an example of the operation of the claimed disintegration reactor and the method of disintegration and activation of the feedstock will be given.

[0040] The claimed disintegration reactor 100 operates as follows. The feedstock is fed through the opening (s) 105 of at least one hub assembly 103 and / or the impeller 102 into the reaction chamber 104. The feedstock can be, inter alia, multicomponent. Said raw material enters the reaction chamber 104, where it creates swirling streams of the air-raw mixture. As a result, in the reaction chamber 104 there is a head-on collision of the pieces of the feedstock with destruction and scattering throughout the volume of the reaction chamber 104. In this case, the calibrator 106 creates an obstacle for the particles of the feedstock to exit the reaction chamber 104 with its structural elements until it is completely redistributed in accordance with a given fineness and / or consistency. As external sources, a loading hopper, a direct feed wire for raw materials, etc. can be used.

[0041] The grinding of the feedstock in the disintegration reactor occurs under the action of an electromagnetic field, impact forces, reflection, friction and collision of particles caused by the action of structural elements of the reaction chamber 104, as well as by the interaction of counter streams of the feed mixture (with air and / or liquid), which leads to the formation of primary cracks, or the development of existing structural defects in the particles of the feedstock. When the front part of the particle stops abruptly by the solid surface of the impeller, or by a counter-moving particle, the inertial forces develop significant stresses inside the particle that exceed the mechanical resistance, after which from the point

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) of contact along the surfaces of least resistance, cracks immediately begin to form, propagating throughout the particle structure. With the removal of particles of the feedstock to the periphery of the reaction chamber 104, centrifugal forces increase, which cause tearing (tensile, wedging) stresses, leading to the complete destruction of the feedstock. In the claimed device, the electromagnetic field and centrifugal force (the influence of the speed and / or collision of particles and / or physical impact) have a significant impact on the destruction of the feedstock. The electromagnetic field (magnetic field) is the force with which it acts on charged particles, acting on the internal charge of the energy of the particles, making it easier for them to break and collapse when physically applied.

[0042] The mechanical energy spent on grinding is transferred from the rotation of the impellers 102. The generated magnetic fields during the rotation of the impellers are caused by the creation of electromagnetic fields to support the technological process of manufacturing the disintegration reactor. The electromagnetic field can be generated by passive and / or active electromagnetic elements located on the said wheels 102 and / or by the wheels themselves 102 made with the properties of the materials (and / or compositions) described above. By active electromagnetic elements are meant elements capable of generating an electromagnetic field by applying a voltage to them. Passive elements are elements that are capable of generating an electromagnetic field without any power supply. Thus, the energy consumption of the entire process is determined only by untwisting and maintaining a given speed of rotation of the impellers and / or the power required to create

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic (magnetic) elements can be a rod, liner, plate, part, etc. If necessary, it is possible to use electronic components, devices capable of amplifying and / or converting electrical signals, as well as having the property of energy dissipation and / or absorption. The description is given only for example and is not a limitation of possible solutions aimed at action, the creation of electromagnetic fields for an effective process of redistribution of raw materials, depending on the composition and susceptibility to various kinds of influence of magnetic fields.

[0043] The workflow of grinding, synchronous calibration and activation is associated with shock and wear effects of an air raw material (and / or other) mixture on the structural elements of the device. Therefore, the elements of the reaction chamber 104, namely the concave surfaces of the two impellers 102, radial ribs (not shown in the figure), elements of the calibrator 106, holes or holes of the hollow axis or hollow axes, the manifold body 101, the hub assemblies 103 and the injection elements and acceleration of air and raw materials or other units that make up the reactor 100 are made with the possibility of applying wear-resistant and / or corrosion-resistant coatings and / or with the possibility of attaching wear-resistant (abrasion-resistant, cermet, ceramic, metal-polymer, polymer elements, etc.) further) and / or corrosion-resistant carbide parts, or a protective casing that protects the structure from wear, serve as a lining. The description is given for example only and is not a limitation of possible solutions aimed at protecting against erosion and / or corrosion of any assembly units and parts of the device.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [0044] In the working areas, a working temperature is created, directed for the functioning of the working bodies, and ensuring the technological processes of redistribution (disintegration and activation) of the feedstock, and also creates its own excess pressure in each area (-atm + atm), while all the working zones are communicated and can have a pressure difference or fluctuation, depending on the requirements for the feedstock, and technological operations to create an environment for the fracture of solids in an aggressive environment (for feedstock). This also affects the behavior of the feedstock in the reaction chamber 104, both the intake and the withdrawal of the redistribution product (disintegration and activation).

[0045] Additionally, the disintegration reactor 100 may be configured to connect to a computing module (not shown in FIG.). The computing module can be integrated into the said disintegration reactor 100 with the possibility of being removed from it or externally connected to the said disintegration reactor 100. In this embodiment, control signals are received from the computing module intended to control the said disintegration reactor 100. The control signals are fed to frequency converters connected to the drives (not shown in the figure) of the said disintegration reactor 100, which, in turn, drive the impellers 102. Control signals provide smooth speed control and load on the drives. The computing module, by means of control signals, monitors the loads on the drives in order to protect them, and can also be configured to communicate with external devices. Also, the computing module can be executed with

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the ability to connect to analyzers of different parameters and control sensors located in the disintegration reactor 100 to ensure compliance with the requirements for the fineness of the feedstock particles, their consistency and other requirements applied to the feedstock being ground. At the same time, the computing module additionally takes readings from sensors and analyzers, characterizing the degree of wear, serviceability and other parameters of various elements of the disintegration reactor 100. The computing module is a computer and includes at least a processor, a memory element that contains software, etc. .d. Additionally, the computing module contains a transceiver device (communication module).

[0046] Moreover, the disintegration reactor 100 can be configured to be connected to machine intelligence, as well as to be connected to a blockchain network with Internet access. Sensors in the context of the present invention can determine: the percentage of the composition of the dust mixture, moisture and / or consistency of the mixture, provide granulometry and control of set parameters, calculate the volume of production of the grinding product, measure the technical life of all elements of the disintegration reactor, etc. The disintegration reactor is easily adaptable to the technological chain of modern enterprises with minimal infrastructure, and also has the ability to be executed on a chassis.

[0047] Disintegration reactor 100 may comprise an integrated transceiver device connected to sensors and analyzers of said device and configured to communicate with an external computing module or any other external device for

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) transmission of data characterizing the readings of sensors and analyzers of the said device. The integrated transceiver can be a USB module, a wireless transmit and receive module, and any other transceiver.

[0048] Depending on the safety requirements for the technological process of grinding a particular raw material, in addition to air, various inert gases and / or mixtures of gases (for example, argon, nitrogen and others) or aerosols can be supplied to the reaction chamber to prevent and / or reducing the level of explosion and fire hazard. Depending on the requirements of the technological process of grinding one or another raw material, in addition to air, various activating gases (carbon dioxide) / aerosols can be supplied to the reaction chamber 104, which accelerate the grinding process (destruction of the crystal lattice with rupture of intermolecular bonds) and / or activation of the surface of the feedstock. Additionally, it is possible to create a multicomponent mixture in the reaction chamber 104. To create a multicomponent mixture, various powders are fed into the hollow axis together with the feedstock from external dispensers, as a result of which the components of the feedstock and said powders are homogenized in the reaction chamber 104. As a result of this homogenization, a multicomponent mixture is formed.

[0049] The disintegration reactor 100 also has the ability to hydroactivate and disperse mixtures. The process of hydroactivation and dispersion of mixtures is as follows. At the first stage, the slurry containing the feedstock is fed into the medium with the possibility of creating counter liquid flows in the composition of the raw material subject to destruction, with the possibility of multiple

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the counter-impact force under the influence of the forces of rotation hitting with the reflection on the working bodies of the reactor 100 and colliding with the counter flow of the opposite flow rushing towards the meeting. In this case, the components of the slurry are destroyed and activated due to mechanical and hydraulic shock in the flow, in interaction with magnetic fields, providing an auxiliary effect on the wedging (eroding) action with the liquid (mixture composition) absorbed into the pores of the feedstock. At the second stage, the passage of the mixture through the pressure area (calibrator) with the action of extrusion under the influence of centrifugal forces, the effect of dispersion occurs, leading to a sharp fluctuation in pressure and vigorous migration of liquid, exposing the reaction surface in the impregnated pores, cracks and capillaries of the feedstock. As a result, in the process of hydraulic activation, the destruction of solid particles of minerals very quickly occurs, the accumulation of hydrate and saturation of the liquid phase with it occurs.

[0050] The previous example demonstrates the possibility of obtaining products in a liquid medium, processing products. Mineral enrichment is the most important intermediate link between the extraction of minerals and their use. The beneficiation method can be dry as well as wet, depending on the composition, content and size of mineral inclusions. Thus, it is possible to obtain activated mixtures, solutions, slurries, suspensions, depending on the beneficiation product or the final production product, containing cement (concrete, glue), ash, sludge, or any groups of recoverable minerals (metals, fertilizers, rare earth metals, etc. etc.) and / or manufactured products. Mechanical redistribution of mining rocks in cooperation with

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) electromagnetic fields affect moving bodies with a magnetic moment, regardless of the state of their motion, and on charged bodies of the magnetic component. The nature of the impact on a moving charged particle with force is due to the existence of their own mechanical moment.

[0051] A set of processes and methods for the concentration of minerals in the processing of solid minerals, various methods of gravitational enrichment are used, with different densities and properties of the separated minerals, using the difference in the speed of movement of particles in a liquid or air environment under the action of gravitational or centrifugal forces (the use of any type of directed for mineral processing (separation from waste rock)). During production, it is possible to obtain both final marketable products and concentrates with minerals for further chemical or metallurgical processing.

[0052] Although this invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the actual scope of the invention.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

Claim

1. Disintegration reactor of feedstock, designed for disintegration and activation of feedstock, having a collector body, which contains:

- two concave impellers, each of which has a hub unit on which they are fixed, where a cavity is formed between the said impellers, and the impellers themselves are made with the possibility of contactless location on top of each other, forming a gap between themselves, while the hub assemblies and / or the impellers have at least one opening for feeding the feedstock, and at least one hub unit or at least one impeller is configured to generate an electromagnetic field;

- a reaction chamber formed by said cavity and said gap, having a space bounded by said impellers, and made with the possibility of disintegration of the feedstock by means of an electromagnetic field and by means of rotation of the said impellers, and also made with the possibility of activating the feedstock, where by activation is meant the effect on the surface of the particles of the feedstock, after which the said particles more easily enter into physicochemical reactions with other particles, where physicochemical reactions lead to a change in the physicochemical properties of the feedstock;

- a calibrator configured to release particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock from the reaction chamber into the hollow zone between the reaction chamber and

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a housing-collector, while the calibrator is located on the contour of at least one impeller; and

- an outlet located in the collector body and made with the possibility of removing particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock outside, while the said impellers, the calibrator and the collector body with the outlet constitute a single organ in the disintegration reactor mechanism.

2. The disintegration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the impellers are made with the possibility of counter rotation, contain radial ribs on their concave surfaces and are installed coaxially on a fixed hollow axis with holes for feeding the feedstock or on two fixed hollow axes containing, at least one opening for feeding the feedstock.

3. Disintegration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibrator is configured to release disintegrated particles with respect to their dispersion and / or consistency, and is also configured to further disintegrate the particles of the feedstock.

4. Disintegration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the process of taking the feedstock into the reaction chamber, the process of dispensing particles of the disintegrated feedstock into the hollow zone, as well as ejection out through the outlet of the particles of the crushed feedstock occurs when the said impellers rotate.

5. Disintegration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material is used as a feedstock, at least in one of the following states of aggregation: solid state of aggregation,

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) liquid state of aggregation, gaseous state of aggregation, or combinations thereof.

6. Disintegration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector body is made of at least one cavity of an injection molded structure and / or consists of several component parts.

7. Disintegration reactor according to claim 1, further comprising elements for pumping and accelerating air and / or liquid and feedstock.

8. Disintegration reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the specified dispersion and / or consistency of the feedstock has the ability to adjust the speed of rotation of two concave impellers with a calibrator.

9. The disintegration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the reaction chamber during the disintegration of the particles of the feedstock, at least one of activated mixtures, solutions, slurries, suspensions or combinations thereof is formed.

10. Method of disintegration and activation of feedstock, including the following steps:

- the stage of feeding the feedstock into the reaction chamber formed by two concave impellers;

- the stage of disintegration and activation of said feedstock in the reaction chamber by means of an electromagnetic field and by means of rotation of said impellers, where the electromagnetic field is generated by at least one said impeller, and activation means the effect on the surface of the particles of the feedstock, after which said particles more easily enter into physicochemical reactions with other particles, where physicochemical

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) chemical reactions lead to a change in the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock;

the step of releasing particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock from the reaction chamber into a hollow zone between the reaction chamber and the collector body; and

the step of withdrawing particles of the disintegrated and activated feedstock to the outside through an outlet located in the collector housing.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that it includes the step of additional disintegration of the particles of the feedstock by means of a calibrator located on the circuit of at least one impeller.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the release of disintegrated particles occurs by means of a calibrator relative to the dispersion and / or consistency of the particles of the feedstock.

13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the dispersity and / or consistency of the feedstock has the ability to adjust the rotation speed of two concave impellers with a calibrator.

14. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the stages of supply, disintegration and activation, release and removal of particles of disintegrated and activated feedstock occurs during rotation of said impellers.

15. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the raw material is used as a raw material in at least one of the following aggregate states: solid aggregate state, liquid aggregate state, gaseous aggregate state, or combinations thereof.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)