WO2020224264A1 - 一种磁制冷装置 - Google Patents

一种磁制冷装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020224264A1
WO2020224264A1 PCT/CN2019/125502 CN2019125502W WO2020224264A1 WO 2020224264 A1 WO2020224264 A1 WO 2020224264A1 CN 2019125502 W CN2019125502 W CN 2019125502W WO 2020224264 A1 WO2020224264 A1 WO 2020224264A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
assembly
magnet
refrigeration device
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/125502
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪魁
罗胜
杨蓉
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority to EP19927782.3A priority Critical patent/EP3967952A4/en
Priority to US17/598,992 priority patent/US20220170674A1/en
Publication of WO2020224264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020224264A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
    • H01F7/021—Construction of PM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0273—Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F25B2321/0022—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a rotating or otherwise moving magnet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F25B2321/0023—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with modulation, influencing or enhancing an existing magnetic field
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of magnetic refrigeration, and in particular relates to a magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the present disclosure relates to the field of magnetic refrigeration, and mainly relates to a magnetic field generating device of a rotary magnetic refrigerator.
  • Magnetic refrigeration technology is a solid-state refrigeration method based on the magnetocaloric effect. It uses environmentally friendly media such as water as the heat transfer fluid. It has the characteristics of zero GWP, zero ODP, intrinsic high efficiency, low noise and low vibration. In the room temperature range, magnetic refrigeration has broader application prospects, such as household refrigerators, air conditioners, medical and health applications. Therefore, in the past ten years, room temperature magnetic refrigeration technology research and development has been widely valued by countries all over the world, and some achievements have been made worldwide.
  • Magnetic refrigerators mainly include five parts: a magnetic field system that produces a changing magnetic field, an active magnetic working fluid bed (used to place magnetocaloric materials, and in some patents or literature, the magnetic working fluid bed is also called a cold accumulator and a regenerator), The hot and cold end heat exchanger, the heat exchange fluid circulation path and the supporting power drive device.
  • the magnetic field system is divided into: electromagnet, permanent magnet and superconducting magnet.
  • permanent magnets are often used in the industry.
  • the permanent magnet magnetic refrigerator is divided into rotary and reciprocating according to the movement mode. Compared with the reciprocating magnetic refrigerator, the rotary type is selected in order to improve the efficiency of the magnetic refrigerator.
  • Rotary magnetic refrigerators are divided into rotating magnet type and rotating working fluid bed type. Since the rotating working fluid bed type magnetic refrigerator involves the dynamic sealing device to solve the entanglement of the pipeline, it has mechanical friction loss and fluid leakage problems. Therefore, The rotation of the magnetic field on the static magnetocaloric material (working fluid bed) is a more effective solution, so a permanent magnet rotary magnetic refrigerator is preferred.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device known to the inventor adopts a radial direction or a magnetic field direction combined with other directions for magnetic field distribution, the radial air gap size is limited and the air gap volume is small.
  • the magnetic working medium has a small holding volume, the refrigeration or heating performance of the magnetic refrigeration device is low, which affects the refrigeration or heating performance; and there are technical problems such as low magnetic field strength. Therefore, the present disclosure studies and designs a magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to overcome the limited radial air gap size of the magnetic refrigeration device known to the inventor, make the magnetic working medium contain a small air gap volume, and lead to the cooling or heating performance of the magnetic refrigeration device Lower defects, thereby providing a magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the present disclosure provides a magnetic refrigeration device, which includes:
  • a first component and a second component the second component is an annular component, and the first component is located radially outside or radially inside the second component, and the first component is a first magnet component,
  • the second assembly is provided with an air gap space capable of accommodating a magnetic working fluid bed, the first assembly can move relative to the second assembly, and the direction of the magnetic field lines of the first magnet assembly is along the ring
  • the second component is distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the second component is also a second magnet component, and the direction of magnetic field lines of the second component is also distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular second component.
  • the magnetic lines of force of the second magnet assembly are connected in series to form a closed loop.
  • the first assembly includes an outer magnet assembly located radially outside of the second assembly and an inner magnet assembly located radially inside the second assembly.
  • the outer magnet assembly and the inner magnet assembly correspond to each other and occupy the same angle in the circumferential direction.
  • the outer magnet assembly includes a first unit and a second unit that are separated, and the magnetic lines of force of the first unit and the magnetic lines of force of the second unit are connected in series and connected through the second assembly. Form a closed magnetic field line loop.
  • the inner magnet assembly includes a third unit and a fourth unit that are separated, and the magnetic field lines of the third unit and the fourth unit are connected in series and connected through the second assembly. Form a closed magnetic field line loop.
  • the outer magnet assembly when the outer magnet assembly includes a first unit and a second unit that are separated, the first unit and the second unit are connected by a non-magnetic external connection;
  • the inner magnet assembly includes a third unit and a fourth unit that are separated, the third unit and the fourth unit are connected by a non-magnetic inner connector;
  • the outer magnet assembly when the outer magnet assembly includes a first unit and a second unit that are separated, the first unit and the second unit are connected by a non-magnetic outer connecting member; when the inner magnet assembly When the third unit and the fourth unit are separated, the third unit and the fourth unit are connected by a non-magnetic inner connecting member.
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines of the second component, the direction of the magnetic field lines of the inner magnet component, and the direction of the magnetic field lines of the outer magnet component are all the same Surround direction.
  • the outer magnet assembly further includes at least one first outer permanent magnet and at least one first outer soft magnet, and the first outer soft magnet is arranged between two adjacent first outer permanent magnets. .
  • an outer end permanent magnet is also connected to the edge of the first outer permanent magnet, and the direction of the magnetic field line of the outer end permanent magnet points to the direction of the magnetic working fluid bed or the extension line of the magnetic field line Through the magnetic working fluid bed.
  • the inner magnet assembly further includes at least one first inner permanent magnet and at least one first inner soft magnet, and the first inner soft magnet is arranged between two adjacent first inner permanent magnets. .
  • an inner end permanent magnet is also connected to the edge of the first inner permanent magnet, and the direction of the magnetic field line of the inner end permanent magnet points to the direction of the magnetic working fluid bed or the extension line of the magnetic field line Through the magnetic working fluid bed.
  • the second assembly further includes a second permanent magnet and a second soft magnet, the second soft magnet is arranged between two adjacent second permanent magnets, and the second permanent magnet is A pole shoe is also arranged between the magnetic working fluid beds, and the pole shoe is made of soft magnetic material.
  • the second assembly further includes a second permanent magnet and a second soft magnet, the second permanent magnet is arranged between two adjacent second soft magnets, and the second soft magnet is A pole shoe is also arranged between the magnetic working fluid beds, and the pole shoe is made of soft magnetic material.
  • the pole piece and the second soft magnet are integrally formed.
  • the air gap space is a magnetic gap, and more than one magnetic working fluid bed can be placed in one magnetic gap.
  • a magnetic working fluid bed is arranged on a ring-shaped second assembly, and the first assembly is arranged on the radially inner or outer side of the second assembly, and the first assembly is a magnet assembly that generates a magnetic field, and passes through the first assembly.
  • the relative rotation of a component relative to the second component can generate an alternating magnetic field on the magnetic working fluid bed on the second component, thereby driving the magnetic working fluid in the magnetic working fluid bed to be magnetized or demagnetized Process, so as to produce the effect of external heat absorption or heat release, to achieve the effect of magnetic refrigeration or magnetic heating, and the direction of magnetic force of the first magnet assembly is distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular second assembly, effectively preventing and avoiding
  • the direction of the magnetic field line is along the radial direction or the combination of the radial direction and other directions, the size of the magnetic working fluid bed along the radial direction cannot be made too large, otherwise it will cause magnetic attenuation and affect the magnetic field strength.
  • the size of the radial air gap is limited, which makes the magnetic working medium’s accommodating air gap volume smaller, and leads to the disadvantages of lower cooling or heating performance of the magnetic refrigeration device, making the radial dimension of the second component (especially including the magnetic working medium) The bed part) is made larger, increasing the volume of the magnetic working fluid bed, increasing the amount of magnetic working fluid or the actual effective working space of the magnet, improving the cooling or heating effect of the magnetic refrigeration device, and improving the magnetic refrigeration The cooling or heating performance of the device;
  • the present disclosure can effectively improve the magnetic field strength of the magnetic refrigeration device through either the closed magnetic circuit formed by the series connection of the second magnet assembly or the closed magnetic circuit formed by the series connection of the first magnet assembly;
  • the accumulation and superposition of the circumferential ring magnetic circuit in the strong magnetic area also effectively forms the parallel effect of the magnetic circuit, which further effectively enhances the magnetic field strength of the magnetic refrigeration device and improves the cooling or heating effect of the magnetic refrigeration device;
  • the present disclosure also provides a multi-layer basic magnetic circuit formed by the first magnet assembly and the second magnet assembly, so that the magnetic field can converge in multiple strong magnetic regions and avoid multiple weak magnetic regions, and the regions avoided by the magnetic circuit are formed
  • the weak magnetic area is achieved, thereby achieving the demagnetization effect of the magnetic working medium placed therein, and the area where the magnetic circuits converge forms a strong magnetic area, thereby achieving the magnetizing effect on the magnetic working medium placed therein;
  • a magnet block with multiple magnetic gaps can realize periodic magnetization and demagnetization of multiple magnetic working fluid beds at a higher frequency, which solves the problem of low frequency of magnetization and demagnetization;
  • the present disclosure also realizes the magnetic field guidance of the magnetized area, that is, the strong magnetic area through the arrangement of the permanent magnets at the end, so that the magnetic field lines are concentrated in the strong magnetic area, so that the direction of the magnetic field lines enters the strong magnetic area and then leaves the strong magnetic area.
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first magnet assembly in the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second magnet assembly in the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 360° rotation of the first magnet assembly in a working cycle of the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a magnetic field cloud diagram generated by the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a vector diagram of the magnetic induction intensity of the first embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a top view of a second embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first magnet assembly in the second embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a top view of a third embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a second magnet assembly in the third embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a plan view of a fourth embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 13 is a magnetic field cloud diagram generated by the third and fourth embodiments of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 14 is a magnetic circuit distribution diagram when the number of air gaps of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure is 4;
  • Fig. 15 is a magnetic circuit distribution diagram when the number of air gaps of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure is 6;
  • Figure 16 is a magnetic circuit distribution diagram when the number of air gaps of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure is 8;
  • Fig. 17 is a top view of a fifth embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 19 is a magnetic field cloud diagram generated by the fifth embodiment of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present disclosure.
  • a magnetic refrigeration device which includes:
  • the first component 1 and the second component 2, the second component 2 is a circular ring component, and the first component 1 is located radially outside or radially inside the second component 2, and the first component
  • the assembly 1 is a first magnet assembly
  • the second assembly 2 is provided with an air gap space capable of accommodating a magnetic working fluid bed 24, the first assembly 1 can rotate relative to the second assembly 2, and
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines of the first magnet assembly is distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular second assembly 2.
  • a magnetic working fluid bed is arranged on a second component of a circular ring shape, and the first component is arranged on the radially inner or outer side of the second component, and the first component is a magnet component that generates a magnetic field, and passes through the first component.
  • the relative rotation of a component relative to the second component can generate an alternating magnetic field on the magnetic working fluid bed on the second component, thereby driving the magnetic working fluid in the magnetic working fluid bed to be magnetized or demagnetized Process, so as to produce the effect of external heat absorption or heat release, to achieve the effect of magnetic refrigeration or magnetic heating, and the direction of the magnetic field of the first magnet assembly is distributed along the circumferential direction of the second assembly of the ring shape, effectively preventing And to avoid the existing method of combining the direction of the magnetic force line in the radial direction or the radial direction plus other directions, the size of the magnetic working fluid bed in the radial direction cannot be made too large, otherwise it will produce magnetic attenuation and affect the magnetic field strength.
  • the size of the radial air gap is limited, the volume of the magnetic working medium is smaller, and the cooling or heating performance of the magnetic refrigeration device is lower.
  • the amount of working fluid or the actual effective working space of the magnet improves the cooling or heating effect of the magnetic refrigeration device, and improves the cooling or heating performance of the magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the second component 2 is also a second magnet component, and the direction of the magnetic field lines of the second component is also distributed along the circumferential direction of the second component 2 in a circular ring shape.
  • the direction of the magnetic lines of force of the second magnet assembly is distributed along the circumferential direction of the second assembly of the circular ring shape, which further effectively eliminates and avoids the existing method of combining the directions of the magnetic lines of force along the radial direction or radial plus other directions.
  • the radial size of the medium and magnetic working fluid beds cannot be too large, otherwise it will produce magnetic attenuation and affect the magnetic field strength, and the radial air gap size will be limited, which makes the magnetic working fluid contain a small air gap volume.
  • the magnet formed by the first embodiment has 4 magnetic gaps (ie, air gap space).
  • the basic principle of the magnetic circuit can be referred to as shown in FIG. 14.
  • the magnetic field system is composed of two magnet assemblies, a first assembly 1 and a second assembly 2.
  • the first assembly 1 is composed of two first magnet assembly units, and the two first magnet assembly units are preferably 360° uniform arrangement;
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first embodiment. It can be seen that there are 4 magnetic gaps for placing the magnetic working fluid bed 24.
  • the magnetic lines of force of the second magnet assembly are connected in series to form a closed loop.
  • the closed magnetic circuit formed by the series connection of the second magnet assembly can effectively increase the magnetic field strength of the magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the first assembly 1 includes an outer magnet assembly 11 located radially outside of the second assembly 2 and an inner magnet assembly 12 located radially inside the second assembly 2.
  • the formed multi-layer basic magnetic circuit enables the magnetic field to converge in multiple strong magnetic areas and avoid multiple weak magnetic areas.
  • the area avoided by the magnetic circuit forms a weak magnetic area, thereby realizing the control of the magnetic working medium placed in it.
  • Demagnetization effect and the area where the magnetic circuits converge forms a strong magnetic area, thereby realizing the magnetizing effect on the magnetic working medium placed therein; and it is also effectively formed by gathering and superimposing multiple circumferential ring magnetic circuits in the strong magnetic area
  • the parallel effect of the magnetic circuit further effectively enhances the magnetic field strength of the magnetic refrigeration device, and improves the cooling or heating effect of the magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the outer magnet assembly and the inner magnet assembly correspond to each other, and the angles in the circumferential direction are substantially the same or overlap, that is, the inner magnet assembly and the corresponding outer magnet assembly are separated into units at the magnetic gap.
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 includes a first unit 11a and a second unit 11b that are separated, and the magnetic field lines of the first unit 11a and the second unit 11b pass through the second assembly 2 and connect in series and form a closed magnetic field line loop. Since the outer magnet assembly is separated from the first unit and the second unit, it is connected to the second assembly at the separated position, and the magnetic field lines of the first unit and the second unit can be connected in series through the second assembly to form a closed magnetic circuit. It can effectively improve the magnetic field strength of the magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the inner magnet assembly 12 includes a third unit 12a and a fourth unit 12b that are separated, and the magnetic field lines of the third unit 12a and the fourth unit 12b pass through the second assembly 2 and connect in series and form a closed magnetic field line loop. Since the third and fourth units of the inner magnet assembly are separated, a closed magnetic circuit can be formed by connecting with the second assembly at the separated position and connecting the magnetic field lines of the third and fourth units through the second assembly. It can effectively improve the magnetic field strength of the magnetic refrigeration device.
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 when the outer magnet assembly 11 includes a first unit 11a and a second unit 11b that are separated, the first unit and the second unit are connected by a non-magnetic external connection 114. connection;
  • the inner magnet assembly 12 includes a separated third unit 12a and a fourth unit 12b, the third unit and the fourth unit are connected by a non-magnetic inner connecting member 124;
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 when the outer magnet assembly 11 includes a first unit 11a and a second unit 11b that are separated, the first unit and the second unit are connected by a non-magnetic outer connecting member 114; when the inner magnet assembly 12 includes a third unit 12 a and a fourth unit 12 b that are separated, the third unit and the fourth unit are connected by a non-magnetic inner connecting member 124.
  • the first unit and the second unit can be connected to the second unit through a non-magnetic external connection piece, but it is not magnetic.
  • the connection piece is usually made of non-magnetic or non-magnetic plastic, aluminum alloy and other materials, through a non-magnetic internal connection piece
  • the third unit and the fourth unit can be connected together, but it is not magnetic.
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines of the second assembly 2 when the second assembly 2 is also a second magnet assembly, the direction of the magnetic field lines of the second assembly 2, the direction of the magnetic field lines of the inner magnet assembly 12, and the direction of the magnetic field lines of the outer magnet assembly 11 All have the same surrounding direction.
  • the direction of the magnetic force lines of the inner magnet assembly, the direction of the magnetic force lines of the outer magnet assembly and the direction of the second magnet assembly can extend in the same direction, thereby forming multiple magnetic lines of force in parallel, effectively enhancing the strength of the magnetic field and improving the cooling of the magnetic refrigeration device And heating capacity.
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 further includes at least one first outer permanent magnet 112 and at least one first outer soft magnet 111, and the first outer soft magnet 111 is arranged on two adjacent first outer magnets. Between the permanent magnets 112.
  • This is the preferred structural form of the outer magnet assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 shows the first assembly 1.
  • the first assembly 1 is composed of an outer magnet assembly 11 and an inner magnet assembly 12.
  • the inner magnet assembly 12 and the outer magnet assembly 11 are fixed in relative positions; the inner magnet assembly 12 is preferably composed of The permanent magnet material block and soft magnetic material are formed.
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 is also preferably formed of permanent magnet material and soft magnetic material.
  • the permanent magnet material forms a magnetic field in a certain direction, which is the source and essential of the magnetic field.
  • the use of lower-cost soft magnetic materials instead of some permanent magnetic materials can reduce costs.
  • the use of soft magnetic materials with better magnetic permeability can form a magnetic shield, thereby preventing demagnetization.
  • the magnetic working fluid bed 24 has a better demagnetization effect.
  • the arrows are permanent magnetic materials, the direction of the arrows indicates the magnetizing direction, and the shaded parts are soft magnetic materials.
  • the permanent magnetic material includes but is not limited to neodymium iron boron, and the soft magnetic material can be electrical pure iron, low carbon steel, etc.
  • an outer end permanent magnet 110 is also connected to the edge of the first outer permanent magnet 112, and the direction of the magnetic field line of the outer end permanent magnet 110 points to the magnetic working medium bed 24 or magnetic field line
  • the direction of the extension line passes through the magnetic working fluid bed 24.
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 is composed of an outer end permanent magnet 110, a first outer permanent magnet 112, and a first outer soft magnet 111.
  • the first outer soft magnet 111 is arranged between the two outer permanent magnets.
  • the outer end permanent magnets 110 are respectively arranged at the ends.
  • the inner magnet assembly 12 is composed of two first inner permanent magnets 122, a first inner soft magnet 121 located between them, and inner end permanent magnets 120 located at both ends thereof.
  • the main function of the permanent magnets at the inner and outer ends is to realize the magnetic field guidance in the magnetized area, that is, the strong magnetic area, so that the magnetic field lines are concentrated in the strong magnetic area, and some of the magnetizing directions point to the strong magnetic area, and some of the magnetizing directions Leaving from the strong magnetic area, so as to realize the direction of the magnetic field lines enter the strong magnetic area and converge and then leave the strong magnetic area, which can strengthen the magnetic field strength of the strong magnetic area.
  • the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in the inner and outer magnet assemblies are the same so that the formed inner and outer magnetic circuits remain the same clockwise or counterclockwise to form the direction of the magnetic circuit of the first magnet assembly unit.
  • Each first magnet assembly unit The direction of the magnetic circuit also keeps the same clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the two first magnet assembly units form an important part of the circular magnetic circuit in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
  • the inner magnet assembly 12 further includes at least one first inner permanent magnet 122 and at least one first inner soft magnet 121, and the first inner soft magnet 121 is arranged in two adjacent first inner magnets. Between the permanent magnets 122.
  • an inner end permanent magnet 120 is also connected to the edge of the first inner permanent magnet 122, and the direction of the magnetic field line of the inner end permanent magnet 120 points to the magnetic working medium bed 24 or magnetic field line
  • the direction of the extension line passes through the magnetic working fluid bed 24.
  • the second assembly 2 further includes a second permanent magnet 21 and a second soft magnet 22, the second soft magnet 22 is arranged between two adjacent second permanent magnets 21, and the first A pole shoe 23 is also arranged between the two permanent magnets 21 and the magnetic working fluid bed 24, and the pole shoe 23 is made of soft magnetic material.
  • the pole piece of magnetic material can short-circuit and guide the magnetic field, so that it has better magnetic shielding and demagnetization effect for the demagnetized magnetic working fluid bed, and can also provide good magnetic flux to the magnetized magnetic working fluid bed The effect is that the magnetic field is distributed uniformly, and the cost of the soft magnet is low.
  • the second assembly 2 further includes a second permanent magnet 21 and a second soft magnet 22, the second permanent magnet 21 is arranged between two adjacent second soft magnets 22, and the first A pole shoe 23 is also arranged between the two soft magnets 22 and the magnetic working fluid bed 24, and the pole shoe 23 is made of soft magnetic material.
  • the second magnet assembly of the present disclosure (the third embodiment, see Figures 10-11), through the combination of the second permanent magnet and the second soft magnet, by setting the soft magnet or soft magnetic material
  • the pole piece can short-circuit and guide the magnetic field, so that it has better magnetic shielding and demagnetization effects for the demagnetized magnetic working fluid bed, and can also provide a good magnetic flux effect for the magnetized magnetic working fluid bed, so that The magnetic field is evenly distributed, and the cost of soft magnets is low.
  • the pole piece 23 and the second soft magnet 22 are integrally formed.
  • Fig. 4 shows the second assembly 2.
  • the second assembly 2 is composed of 4 second magnet assembly units, and the 4 second magnet assembly units are preferably arranged evenly at 360°; the second magnet assembly units are preferably
  • the ground is composed of a second permanent magnet 21 and a second soft magnet 22, and pole pieces 23 made of soft magnetic material are preferably arranged at both ends of the second magnet assembly unit.
  • each second magnet assembly unit is composed of two permanent magnets, a second soft magnet 22 in the middle, and pole shoes 23 at both ends of the permanent magnet.
  • the magnetizing direction of the second permanent magnet 21 in the second magnet assembly unit remains the same clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby constituting the magnetic circuit direction of the second magnet assembly unit, and the magnetic circuit direction of each second magnet assembly unit Keep the clockwise or counterclockwise direction consistent, so that the 4 second magnet assembly units form an important part of the circular magnetic circuit in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction; 4 second magnet assemblies form 4 gaps between each other, so The gap constitutes an air gap volume, and each air gap volume can be arranged with a magnetic working medium bed 24.
  • the magnetic working medium bed 24 rotates synchronously with it; when the second magnet assembly is fixed, the magnetic working medium The bed 24 also remains fixed, that is to say, the relative position of the magnetic working fluid bed 24 and the second assembly 2 remains unchanged.
  • the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2 are coaxially arranged, and the size of the second assembly 2 meets the rotational movement area of the first assembly 1 and is located between the outer magnet assembly 11 and the inner magnet assembly 12 rotational movement area;
  • the direction of the annular magnetic circuit formed by the first magnet assembly unit and the direction of the annular magnetic circuit formed by the second magnet assembly remain the same clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby forming a superposition of the magnetic circuit; there are three ways of rotation: the first assembly 1 is fixed, The second component 2 rotates; the first component 1 rotates, and the second component 2 is fixed; both components rotate but at different speeds. That is to say, it only needs to form the relative rotational movement of the first magnet assembly and the second magnet assembly.
  • the four magnetic working fluid beds 24 can be magnetized and demagnetized correspondingly during a certain period of time. While in the magnetic state, the other two magnetic working fluid beds 24 are in the demagnetized state, and the states of the adjacent magnetic working fluid beds 24 are opposite. As shown in FIG. 5, the second component 2 is fixed and the first component 1 is rotated, and the first component 1 is rotated by 360°. It can be seen from Fig.
  • the conversion of magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working fluid bed 24 is completed, that is, two of the magnetic working fluid beds change from a magnetized state to a demagnetized state, and the other two A magnetic working fluid bed changes from a demagnetizing state to a magnetizing state; the rotation of 360° realizes 4 times of magnetizing and demagnetizing conversion of the 4 magnetic working fluid beds 24.
  • the initial state is the demagnetization state.
  • the rotor rotates 360° to achieve the following process: demagnetization ⁇ magnetization ⁇ demagnetization ⁇ magnetization ⁇ demagnetization, it can be seen that 4 additions are realized
  • the magnetic demagnetization conversion is the same for the other three magnetic working fluid beds. Therefore, each time the rotor rotates 360°, the 4 magnetic working fluid beds can be converted by the 4 magnetic working fluids.
  • the air gap space is a magnetic gap, and more than one magnetic working fluid bed 24 can be placed in one magnetic gap.
  • the present disclosure can realize periodic magnetization and demagnetization of multiple magnetic gap magnetic working fluid beds at a higher frequency through multiple magnetic gaps (that is, air gaps for accommodating magnetic working fluid beds), and solves the problem of magnetization and demagnetization. The problem of lower frequency.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are respectively the magnetic field cloud diagram and magnetic induction intensity vector diagram generated by the first embodiment; in Figure 6, the intensity of the color indicates the strength of the magnetic field, the darker the color indicates the weaker the magnetic field strength, and the lighter the color indicates the magnetic field The higher the intensity, it can be seen that in this state, the area where the upper and lower magnetic working fluid beds 24 are located is weak and in a demagnetized state; the area where the left and right two magnetic working fluid beds 24 are located is strong and is in a state of magnetization. status.
  • the arrow direction in Fig. 7 represents the vector direction of the magnetic induction intensity. It can be seen that the entire circular magnetic circuit converges in the clockwise direction in the area where the left and right magnetic working fluid beds 24 are located. The density of the arrow is higher to achieve magnetization; There are almost no arrows in the area of the magnetic working fluid bed 24, realizing a weak magnetic field.
  • the magnetic working fluid bed 24 and the second assembly 2 can be connected as a whole or can be separated.
  • the magnetic field system formed by the method has a cylindrical shape, and its cross-section can be circular, rectangular, ring-shaped or other shapes.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the air gap includes but is not limited to a rectangle, and the magnetic working medium is determined by the air gap shape.
  • the cross-section of the bed includes but is not limited to rectangular.
  • the magnetic field system formed by the method includes a plurality of air gap regions, and each air gap region is used to place a magnetic working fluid bed. The volume of the air gap region can be realized by changing the columnar length or the axial height of the magnetic field system.
  • Figures 8-9 show the second embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the first magnet assembly. Fig. 8 shows the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 The schematic diagram of the first magnet assembly in the second embodiment is shown in FIG. 9, and the first magnet assembly in the first embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 9 adds a non-magnetic inner connection Piece 124 and non-magnetic outer connecting piece 114;
  • each second magnet assembly unit in FIG. 11 consists of two second soft magnets 22 and located therein The second permanent magnet 21 in between and the pole pieces 23 at both ends thereof are formed; the entire second magnet assembly uses a total of four second permanent magnets 21, and in FIG. 4, eight second permanent magnets 21 are used.
  • the use of soft magnets instead of permanent magnets can reduce the cost of the magnet system.
  • the use of soft magnetic materials on both sides of the magnetic working fluid bed is conducive to the accumulation of the magnetic circuit, and it is also conducive to the up and down shown in Figure 10-11 during demagnetization.
  • the magnetic working fluid bed has a better magnetic shielding effect, that is, it is beneficial to achieve a better demagnetization effect, or the weak magnetic field formed is closer to 0T, and this has a relatively small effect on the weakening of the magnetic field strength.
  • This is the purpose and advantage of using soft magnets.
  • the second soft magnet 22 of the second magnet assembly unit can be integrated with the pole piece 23.
  • FIG. 12 is used to describe the fourth embodiment, which is a combination of the first component 1 in the second embodiment and the second component 2 in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 shows the magnetic field intensity cloud diagrams generated by the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment.
  • the darker the color indicates the weaker the magnetic field strength, and the lighter the color indicates the stronger the magnetic field strength.
  • the weaker magnetic field effect generated in the third and fourth embodiments is better than that in the first and second embodiments.
  • the upper and lower magnetic working mediums The area of the bed 24 is deeper in Figure 13, indicating that the magnetic field is close to 0T. In the magnetic refrigerator, to realize the periodic switching of magnetization and demagnetization effects, the closer the magnetic field intensity is to 0T during demagnetization, the better. Therefore, the third and fourth embodiments are better than the first and second embodiments.
  • the first to fourth embodiments all belong to the case of 4 magnetic gaps and 4 magnetic working fluid beds 24.
  • the main magnetic circuit is shown in FIG. 14; according to the idea of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 15, the 6 magnetic working fluid beds are Magnetization and demagnetization form the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 17-19.
  • this embodiment is similar to the third embodiment, using two magnet assemblies: the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2; a total of 6 magnetic working fluid beds 24; because the magnetic working fluid is ferromagnetic
  • the more the number of magnetic working fluid beds will not help the magnetic field enhancement too much, but the purpose of increasing the number of magnetic working fluid beds here is to increase the utilization rate of the magnet, that is It is said that more magnetic working fluid materials can be placed, which can achieve a greater cooling effect.
  • the larger the effective space of the magnetic system air gap the greater the number of magnetic working fluids or magnetic working fluid beds. More is better.
  • the first magnet assembly is composed of 3 first magnet assembly units, and the 3 first magnet assembly units are preferably evenly arranged at 360°.
  • the first magnet assembly unit is composed of an inner magnet assembly 12 and an outer magnet assembly 11, wherein the relative position of the inner magnet assembly 12 and the outer magnet assembly 11 are fixed; the inner magnet assembly 12 is preferably composed of a permanent magnet material block and a soft magnetic material,
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 is also preferably composed of permanent magnet materials and soft magnetic materials; as shown in FIG. 17, the arrows are permanent magnet materials, the direction of the arrows indicates the magnetizing direction, and the shaded parts are soft magnetic materials.
  • the permanent magnetic material includes but is not limited to neodymium iron boron, and the soft magnetic material can be electrical pure iron, low carbon steel, etc.
  • the outer magnet assembly 11 is composed of an outer end permanent magnet 110, a first outer permanent magnet 112, and a first outer soft magnet 111.
  • the outer soft magnet 111 is arranged between the two first outer permanent magnets 112.
  • the outer end permanent magnets 110 are respectively arranged at both ends of the magnet 112.
  • the inner magnet assembly 12 is composed of two first inner permanent magnets 122, a first inner soft magnet 121 located between them, and inner end permanent magnets 120 located at both ends thereof.
  • the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in the inner and outer magnet assemblies are the same so that the formed inner and outer magnetic circuits remain the same clockwise or counterclockwise to form the direction of the magnetic circuit of the first magnet assembly unit.
  • Each first magnet assembly unit The direction of the magnetic circuit also keeps the same clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the two first magnet assembly units form an important part of the circular magnetic circuit in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
  • the second magnet assembly is composed of 6 second magnet assembly units, and the 6 second magnet assembly units are preferably evenly arranged at 360°.
  • the second magnet assembly unit is preferably composed of a permanent magnetic material block and a soft magnetic material, and pole shoes 23 made of soft magnetic material are preferably arranged at both ends of the second magnet assembly unit.
  • each second magnet assembly unit is composed of two second permanent magnets 21, a second soft magnet 22 in the middle, and pole shoes 23 at both ends.
  • the magnetizing direction of the second permanent magnet 21 in the second magnet assembly unit remains the same clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby constituting the magnetic circuit direction of the second magnet assembly unit, and the magnetic circuit direction of each second magnet assembly unit Keep the clockwise or counterclockwise direction consistent, so that the 6 second magnet assembly units form an important part of the circular magnetic circuit in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction; 6 gaps are formed between the 6 second magnet assemblies.
  • the gap constitutes an air gap volume, and each air gap volume can be arranged with a magnetic working medium bed 24.
  • the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2 are coaxially arranged, and the circumferential angle occupied by each first magnet assembly unit is twice that of the second magnet unit.
  • the size of the second magnet assembly satisfies its rotational movement area, which is located between the rotational movement areas of the inner magnet assembly 11 and the outer magnet assembly 12 in the first magnet assembly; the direction of the annular magnetic circuit formed by the first magnet assembly unit and the second The direction of the circular magnetic circuit formed by the magnet assembly remains the same clockwise or counterclockwise to form a superposition of the magnetic circuit;
  • first component 1 is fixed and the second component 2 rotates; the first component 1 rotates and the second component 2 is fixed; both components rotate but at different speeds. That is to say, it only needs to form the relative rotational movement of the first magnet assembly and the second magnet assembly.
  • the 6 magnetic working fluid beds 24 can be magnetized and demagnetized correspondingly in a specific time period.
  • the three magnetic working fluid beds 24 are in the While in the magnetic state, the other three magnetic working fluid beds 24 are in the demagnetized state, and the states of the adjacent magnetic working fluid beds 24 are opposite.
  • Fig. 18 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment.
  • Figure 19 shows the magnetic field cloud diagram formed by the fifth embodiment. It can be seen that the rectangular air gap between the second magnet assembly unit has 3 demagnetization areas (the darkest color) and 3 magnetization areas (color Shallow part) to realize the periodic magnetization and demagnetization of the 6 magnetic working fluid beds 24.
  • the magnetization and demagnetization of 8 magnetic working fluid beds can be realized.
  • the rotating magnetic field system is divided into at least two layers according to the radius.
  • the system can be divided into a first magnet assembly and a second magnet assembly with relative motion.
  • the second magnet assembly can be regarded as one layer.
  • a ring-shaped basic magnetic circuit is formed in the clockwise direction; the first magnet assembly radially surrounds the inner and outer parts of the second magnet assembly to form an inner magnet assembly and an outer magnet assembly.
  • Both the inner and outer magnet assemblies include at least one layer, and the entire first magnet
  • the assembly includes at least one of the inner magnet assembly and the outer magnet assembly.
  • the first magnet assembly includes only a single-layer inner magnet assembly or only a single-layer side outer magnet assembly.
  • the above number of layers mainly refers to the radial direction (radius size) to distinguish.
  • Each layer contains at least two small magnet blocks with different magnetization directions and soft magnetic materials to form a closed-loop magnetic circuit.
  • Multiple basic magnetic circuits formed by multiple layers can converge in multiple strong magnetic areas and avoid multiple weak magnetic fields.
  • the area finally forms a circular magnetic circuit in a consistent clockwise direction, and the idea of realizing periodic magnetization and demagnetization of multiple areas during the relative rotational movement of the magnet assembly is within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Abstract

一种磁制冷装置，包括第一组件(1)和第二组件(2)，第二组件(2)为环形组件，且第一组件(1)位于第二组件(2)的径向外侧或径向内侧，且第一组件(1)为第一磁体组件，第二组件(2)上设置有能够容纳磁工质床(24)的气隙空间，第一组件(1)能够与第二组件(2)做相对转动的运动，且第一磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着环形的第二组件(2)的圆周方向分布。该结构能够使得第二组件(2)的径向尺寸做得较大，增大磁工质床(24)的容纳气隙体积，增大磁工质的量或磁体有效工作空间，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热效果。

Description

一种磁制冷装置
相关申请
本公开要求2019年05月09日申请的，申请号为201910385657.7，名称为“一种磁制冷装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本公开属于磁制冷技术领域，具体涉及一种磁制冷装置。
背景技术
本公开涉及磁制冷领域，主要涉及旋转式磁制冷机的磁场发生装置。
磁制冷技术是一种基于磁热效应的固态制冷方式,采用水等环保介质作为传热流体,具有零GWP、零ODP、内禀高效、低噪音与低振动等特点,相比低温制领域，在室温范围内，磁制冷有更广阔的应用前景，比如家用冰箱、空调、医疗卫生事业等领域的应用。因此近十几年室温磁制冷技术研发受到世界各国的普遍重视，并取得一些举世嘱目的成就。
磁制冷机主要包括五大部分：产生变化磁场的磁场系统、主动式磁工质床(用于放置磁热材料，有些专利或文献中，磁工质床又称为蓄冷器、回热器)、冷热端换热器、换热流体循环通路以及配套的动力驱动装置。其中磁场系统根据工作原理分为：电磁体、永磁体和超导磁体。为了使室温磁制冷实用化、商业化,行业内往往采用永磁体。其中永磁体磁制冷机根据运动方式分为旋转式和往复式，相比往复式磁制冷机，为了提高磁制冷机的效率选择旋转式。旋转式磁制冷机又分为旋转磁体式和旋转工质床式，由于旋转工质床式磁制冷机涉及为解决管路缠绕而做的动态密封装置具有机械摩擦损失和流体泄露问题，因此，磁场在静态磁热材料(工质床)上的旋转是更有效的解决方案，于是优选永磁旋转式磁制冷机。
目前来看永磁体旋转式磁制冷机所用磁体，从简单的平行磁体布置、“C”型磁铁、2D简单旋转磁体，发展到主要利用“Halbach旋转定理”及磁路定律等聚磁思想设计的复杂磁体，主要分为：“C”型与Halbach(2D)混合型、旋转双层或多层Halbach(2D)、永磁体阵列Halbach(3D)。
其中“C”型与Halbach混合型(2D)磁体系统用于旋转式磁制冷机时，存在需要旋转整个磁体导致转动惯量大，C型气隙缺口高度有限而气隙径向扩展也不足导致气隙容积扩展性不足等问题；双Halbach磁体阵列和三重Halbach(2D)阵列存在中心孔洞气隙容 积较小的限制；磁路可以近似为二维的方式之外，磁路三维引导会导致所需方向的磁通密度增加，比如永磁体阵列Halbach(3D)。然而，在大多数情况下，这种磁路的复杂使得装配困难以及成本高，不利于商业化。
由于发明人所知的磁制冷装置通过采用径向方向或径向与其他方向相结合的磁场方向进行充磁的磁力线分布方式，导致径向气隙尺寸存在受限、使得气隙容积较小，磁工质容纳体积较小、磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能较低，影响制冷或制热性能；并且磁场强度低等技术问题，因此本公开研究设计出一种磁制冷装置。
发明内容
因此，本公开要解决的技术问题在于克服发明人所知的磁制冷装置存在径向气隙尺寸受限、使得磁工质的容纳气隙体积较小、导致磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能较低的缺陷，从而提供一种磁制冷装置。
本公开提供一种磁制冷装置，其包括：
第一组件和第二组件，所述第二组件为环形组件，且所述第一组件位于所述第二组件的径向外侧或径向内侧，且所述第一组件为第一磁体组件，所述第二组件上设置有能够容纳磁工质床的气隙空间，所述第一组件能够与所述第二组件做相对转动的运动，且所述第一磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着环形的所述第二组件的圆周方向进行分布。
在一个实施例中，所述第二组件也为第二磁体组件，且所述第二组件的磁力线方向也沿着环形的所述第二组件的圆周方向进行分布。
在一个实施例中，所述第二磁体组件的磁力线串联而围绕成封闭的环。
在一个实施例中，所述第一组件包括位于所述第二组件的径向外侧的外磁体组件和位于所述第二组件的径向内侧的内磁体组件。
在一个实施例中，所述外磁体组件和内磁体组件相对应，在圆周方向所占的角度相同。
在一个实施例中，所述外磁体组件包括分隔开的第一单元和第二单元，所述第一单元的磁力线和所述第二单元的磁力线通过所述第二组件而相接串联并形成封闭的磁力线环。
在一个实施例中，所述内磁体组件包括分隔开的第三单元和第四单元，所述第三单元的磁力线和所述第四单元的磁力线通过所述第二组件而相接串联并形成封闭的磁力线环。
在一个实施例中，当所述外磁体组件包括分隔开的第一单元和第二单元时，所述第一单元和所述第二单元之间通过无磁性外连接件进行连接；
或者，当所述内磁体组件包括分隔开的第三单元和第四单元时，所述第三单元和所述第四单元之间通过无磁性内连接件进行连接；
或者，当所述外磁体组件包括分隔开的第一单元和第二单元时，所述第一单元和所述第二单元之间通过无磁性外连接件进行连接；当所述内磁体组件包括分隔开的第三单元和第四单元时，所述第三单元和所述第四单元之间通过无磁性内连接件进行连接。
在一个实施例中，当所述第二组件也为第二磁体组件时，所述第二组件的磁力线方向、所述内磁体组件的磁力线方向和所述外磁体组件的磁力线方向均为相同的环绕方向。
在一个实施例中，所述外磁体组件还包括至少一个第一外永磁体、至少一个第一外软磁体，所述第一外软磁体设置在相邻两所述第一外永磁体之间。
在一个实施例中，在所述第一外永磁体的边缘还连接设置有外端部永磁体，且所述外端部永磁体的磁力线方向指向所述磁工质床或磁力线的延长线方向穿过所述磁工质床。
在一个实施例中，所述内磁体组件还包括至少一个第一内永磁体和至少一个第一内软磁体，所述第一内软磁体设置在相邻两所述第一内永磁体之间。
在一个实施例中，在所述第一内永磁体的边缘还连接设置有内端部永磁体，且所述内端部永磁体的磁力线方向指向所述磁工质床或磁力线的延长线方向穿过所述磁工质床。
在一个实施例中，所述第二组件还包括第二永磁体和第二软磁体，所述第二软磁体设置在相邻两第二永磁体之间，且所述第二永磁体与所述磁工质床之间还设置有极靴，所述极靴由软磁材料构成。
在一个实施例中，所述第二组件还包括第二永磁体和第二软磁体，所述第二永磁体设置在相邻两第二软磁体之间，且所述第二软磁体与所述磁工质床之间还设置有极靴，所述极靴由软磁材料构成。
在一个实施例中，所述极靴和所述第二软磁体为一体成型结构。
在一个实施例中，所述磁工质床为两个以上，所述气隙空间为磁隙，且一个所述磁隙中能够放置一个以上的所述磁工质床。
在一个实施例中，所述磁工质床为4个，所述磁隙为4个；或者所述磁工质床为6个，所述磁隙为6个。
本公开提供的一种磁制冷装置具有如下有益效果：
1.本公开通过将磁工质床设置于环形的第二组件上，且在第二组件的径向内侧或外侧设置第一组件、且第一组件为具有产生磁场的磁体组件，并且通过第一组件相对于第二组件的相对转动的方式，能够对第二组件上的磁工质床产生交变的磁场，从而驱动所述磁工质床中的磁工质发生加磁或去磁的过程，从而产生对外吸热或放热的作用，实现磁制冷或磁制热的效果，并且第一磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着环形的所述第二组件的圆周方向进行分布，有效杜绝和避免了现有采用磁力线方向沿径向方向或径向加其他方向相结合的方式 中、磁工质床沿径向的尺寸不能做的过大，否则会产生磁衰减、影响磁场强度，而带来的径向气隙尺寸受限、使得磁工质的容纳气隙体积较小、导致磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能较低的缺陷，使得第二组件的径向尺寸(尤其是包括磁工质床的部分)做的较大，增大磁工质床的容纳气隙体积，增大磁工质的量或磁体实际的有效工作空间，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热效果，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能；
2.并且本公开通过无论是第二磁体组件的串联而成的封闭的磁回路还是第一磁体组件串联而成的封闭的磁回路，均能有效地提高磁制冷装置的磁场强度；并且通过多条周向环形磁路在强磁区聚集和叠加还有效地形成了磁回路的并联作用，进一步有效增强了磁制冷装置的磁场强度，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热效果；
3.本公开还通过设置第一磁体组件和第二磁体组件形成的多层基础磁路，使得磁场在多个强磁区域实现汇聚并且避开多个弱磁区域，磁路避开的区域形成了弱磁区域，从而实现了对于放置其中的磁工质的去磁效果，而磁路汇聚的区域形成了强磁区域，从而实现了对于放置其中的磁工质的加磁效果；并且通过多个磁体块，具有多个磁隙，能够以较高频率实现对多个磁隙磁工质床周期性的加磁和去磁，解决了加磁和去磁的频率较低的问题；
4.本公开还通过端部永磁体的设置，能够实现加磁区域也就是强磁区域的磁场导向，使得磁力线汇聚在强磁区域，从而实现磁力线方向进入强磁区汇聚再离开强磁区，这样可以加强强磁区的磁场强度；还通过设置软磁体或软磁材料的极靴，能够对磁场进行短路和导向，从而对于去磁的磁工质床具有更好的磁屏蔽和去磁效果，还能够对于加磁的磁工质床提供良好的磁导通效果，使得磁场分布均匀。
附图说明
图1是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式的俯视图；
图2是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式的三维示意图；
图3是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式中的第一磁体组件结构示意图；
图4是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式中的第二磁体组件结构示意图；
图5是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式的一个工作周期中第一磁体组件360°旋转示意图；
图6是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式产生的磁场云图；
图7是本公开的磁制冷装置的第一实施方式磁感应强度矢量图；
图8是本公开的磁制冷装置的第二实施方式的俯视图；
图9是本公开的磁制冷装置的第二实施方式中的第一磁体组件结构示意图；
图10是本公开的磁制冷装置的第三实施方式的俯视图；
图11是本公开的磁制冷装置的第三实施方式中的第二磁体组件结构示意图；
图12是本公开的磁制冷装置的第四实施方式的俯视图；
图13是本公开的磁制冷装置的第三、第四实施方式产生的磁场云图；
图14是本公开的磁制冷装置的气隙个数为4个时磁路分布图；
图15是本公开的磁制冷装置的气隙个数为6个时磁路分布图；
图16是本公开的磁制冷装置的气隙个数为8个时磁路分布图；
图17是本公开的磁制冷装置的第五实施方式的俯视图；
图18是本公开的磁制冷装置的第五实施方式的三维示意图；
图19是本公开的磁制冷装置的第五实施方式产生的磁场云图。
图中附图标记表示为：
1、第一组件；11、外磁体组件；11a、第一单元；11b、第二单元；110、外端部永磁体；111、第一外软磁体；112、第一外永磁体；114、无磁性外连接件；12、内磁体组件；12a、第三单元；12b、第四单元；120、内端部永磁体；121、第一内软磁体；122、第一内永磁体；124、无磁性内连接件；2、第二组件；21、第二永磁体；22、第二软磁体；23、极靴；24、磁工质床。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳的实施例。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
如图1-19所示，本公开提供一种磁制冷装置，其包括：
第一组件1和第二组件2，所述第二组件2为圆环形组件，且所述第一组件1位于所述第二组件2的径向外侧或径向内侧，且所述第一组件1为第一磁体组件，所述第二组件2上设置有能够容纳磁工质床24的气隙空间，所述第一组件1能够与所述第二组件2做相对转动的运动，且所述第一磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着圆环形的所述第二组件2的圆周方向进行分布。
本公开通过将磁工质床设置于圆环形的第二组件上，且在第二组件的径向内侧或外侧设置第一组件、且第一组件为具有产生磁场的磁体组件，并且通过第一组件相对于第二组件的相对转动的方式，能够对第二组件上的磁工质床产生交变的磁场，从而驱动所述磁工 质床中的磁工质发生加磁或去磁的过程，从而产生对外吸热或放热的作用，实现磁制冷或磁制热的效果，并且第一磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着圆环形的所述第二组件的圆周方向进行分布，有效杜绝和避免了现有采用磁力线方向沿径向方向或径向加其他方向相结合的方式中、磁工质床沿径向的尺寸不能做的过大，否则会产生磁衰减、影响磁场强度，而带来的径向气隙尺寸受限、使得磁工质的容纳气隙体积较小、导致磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能较低的缺陷，使得第二组件的径向尺寸(尤其是包括磁工质床的部分，因为现有磁力线沿着径向方向分布、径向尺寸若做大则会造成磁场严重衰减)做的较大，增大磁工质床的容纳气隙体积，增大磁工质的量或磁体实际的有效工作空间，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热效果，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能。
在一个实施例中，所述第二组件2也为第二磁体组件，且所述第二组件的磁力线方向也沿着圆环形的所述第二组件2的圆周方向进行分布。第二磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着圆环形的所述第二组件的圆周方向进行分布，也进一步有效杜绝和避免了现有采用磁力线方向沿径向方向或径向加其他方向相结合的方式中、磁工质床沿径向的尺寸不能做的过大，否则会产生磁衰减、影响磁场强度，而带来的径向气隙尺寸受限、使得磁工质的容纳气隙体积较小、导致磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能较低的缺陷，使得第二组件的径向尺寸(尤其是包括磁工质床的部分，因为现有磁力线沿着径向方向分布、径向尺寸若做大则会造成磁场严重衰减)做的较大，增大磁工质床的容纳气隙体积，增大磁工质的量或磁体实际的有效工作空间，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热效果，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热性能。
第一实施方式
如图1～7所示，描述了第一实施方式，第一实施方式所构成的磁体具有4个磁隙(即气隙空间)，其磁路的基本原理可以参照图14所示。
如图1所示，磁场系统由第一组件1和第二组件2两个磁体组件构成；所述第一组件1由2个第一磁体组件单元构成，2个第一磁体组件单元优选地呈360°均匀布置；图2所示，为第一实施方式的三维示意图，看以看到具有4个磁隙，用于放置磁工质床24。
在一个实施例中，所述第二磁体组件的磁力线串联而围绕成封闭的环。第二磁体组件的串联而成的封闭的磁回路，能有效地提高磁制冷装置的磁场强度。
在一个实施例中，所述第一组件1包括位于所述第二组件2的径向外侧的外磁体组件11和位于所述第二组件2的径向内侧的内磁体组件12。形成的多层基础磁路，使得磁场在多个强磁区域实现汇聚并且避开多个弱磁区域，磁路避开的区域形成了弱磁区域，从而实现了对于放置其中的磁工质的去磁效果，而磁路汇聚的区域形成了强磁区域，从而实现了对于放置其中的磁工质的加磁效果；并且通过多条周向环形磁路在强磁区聚集和叠加还 有效地形成了磁回路的并联作用，进一步有效增强了磁制冷装置的磁场强度，提高磁制冷装置的制冷或制热效果。
在一个实施例中，所述外磁体组件和内磁体组件相对应，在圆周方向所占的角度基本相同或角度重叠，即内磁体组件与对应的外磁体组件均在磁隙处分开成单元。
在一个实施例中，所述外磁体组件11包括分隔开的第一单元11a和第二单元11b，所述第一单元11a的磁力线和所述第二单元11b的磁力线通过所述第二组件2而相接串联并形成封闭的磁力线环。外磁体组件由于第一和第二单元分开了、则通过在分开位置与第二组件相接、能够通过第二组件将第一单元和第二单元的磁力线串联而形成的封闭的磁回路，进一步能有效地提高磁制冷装置的磁场强度。
在一个实施例中，所述内磁体组件12包括分隔开的第三单元12a和第四单元12b，所述第三单元12a的磁力线和所述第四单元12b的磁力线通过所述第二组件2而相接串联并形成封闭的磁力线环。内磁体组件由于第三和第四单元分开了、则通过在分开位置与第二组件相接、能够通过第二组件将第三单元和第四单元的磁力线串联而形成的封闭的磁回路，进一步能有效地提高磁制冷装置的磁场强度。
在一个实施例中，当所述外磁体组件11包括分隔开的第一单元11a和第二单元11b时，所述第一单元和所述第二单元之间通过无磁性外连接件114进行连接；
或者，当所述内磁体组件12包括分隔开的第三单元12a和第四单元12b时，所述第三单元和所述第四单元之间通过无磁性内连接件124进行连接；
或者，当所述外磁体组件11包括分隔开的第一单元11a和第二单元11b时，所述第一单元和所述第二单元之间通过无磁性外连接件114进行连接；当所述内磁体组件12包括分隔开的第三单元12a和第四单元12b时，所述第三单元和所述第四单元之间通过无磁性内连接件124进行连接。
通过无磁性外连接件能够对第一单元和第二单元连接到一起、但是不会导磁，该连接件通常采用无磁性或者非磁性的塑料、铝合金等材料制作，通过无磁性内连接件能够对第三单元和第四单元连接到一起、但是不会导磁。
在一个实施例中，当所述第二组件2也为第二磁体组件时，所述第二组件2的磁力线方向、所述内磁体组件12的磁力线方向和所述外磁体组件11的磁力线方向均为相同的环绕方向。这样能够使得内磁体组件的磁力线方向、外磁体组件的磁力线方向和第二磁体组件的磁力线方向沿同方向进行延伸，从而形成多条并联的磁力线，有效增强磁场的强度，提高磁制冷装置的制冷和制热能力。
在一个实施例中，所述外磁体组件11还包括至少一个第一外永磁体112、至少一个第 一外软磁体111，所述第一外软磁体111设置在相邻两所述第一外永磁体112之间。这是本公开的外磁体组件的优选结构形式，通过第一外永磁体和第一外软磁体相结合的方式，通过设置软磁体或软磁材料的极靴，能够对磁场进行短路和导向，从而对于去磁的磁工质床具有更好的磁屏蔽和去磁效果，还能够对于加磁的磁工质床提供良好的磁导通效果，使得磁场分布均匀，并且软磁体成本较低。
如图3所示为第一组件1，第一组件1由外磁体组件11和内磁体组件12构成，其中内磁体组件12和外磁体组件11相对位置固定；所述内磁体组件12优选地由永磁材料块和软磁材料构成，所述外磁体组件11也优选地由永磁体材料和软磁材料构成；其中永磁体材料形成一定方向的磁场，是磁场的来源，也是必不可少的。使用成本较低的软磁材料代替部分永磁材料可以降低成本，另外在靠近去磁区域磁工质床24的部分、使用导磁效果更好的软磁材料可以形成磁屏蔽，从而对于去磁的磁工质床24具有更好的去磁效果。如图1、3中所示，带有箭头的为永磁材料，其箭头方向表示充磁方向，阴影部分为软磁材料。其中永磁材料包括但不限于钕铁硼，软磁材料可以是电工纯铁、低碳钢等。
在一个实施例中，在所述第一外永磁体112的边缘还连接设置有外端部永磁体110，且所述外端部永磁体110的磁力线方向指向所述磁工质床24或磁力线的延长线方向穿过所述磁工质床24。通过端部永磁体的设置，能够实现加磁区域也就是强磁区域的磁场导向，使得磁力线汇聚在强磁区域(即对磁工质床加磁的位置，如图5中0度时左右两磁工质床的位置)，从而实现磁力线方向进入强磁区汇聚再离开强磁区，这样可以加强强磁区的磁场强度。
外磁体组件11由外端部永磁体110、第一外永磁体112以及第一外软磁体111构成，其中两块外永磁体之间布置第一外软磁体111，两块外永磁体的两端分别布置外端部永磁体110。同样地，内磁体组件12由两块第一内永磁体122以及位于其之间的第一内软磁体121和位于其两端的内端部永磁体120构成。其中内、外端部永磁体，其主要作用是实现加磁区域也就是强磁区域的磁场导向，使得磁力线汇聚在强磁区域，其中某些充磁方向指向强磁区域，某些充磁方向从强磁区离开，从而实现磁力线方向进入强磁区汇聚再离开强磁区，这样可以加强强磁区的磁场强度。内、外磁体组件中永磁体充磁方向一致使得形成的内、外磁路保持顺时针方向一致或逆时针方向一致，从而构成第一磁体组件单元的磁路方向，每个第一磁体组件单元的磁路方向同样保持顺时针方向一致或逆时针方向一致，从而两个第一磁体组件单元按顺时针方向或逆时针方向形成环形磁路的重要组成部分。
在一个实施例中，所述内磁体组件12还包括至少一个第一内永磁体122和至少一个第一内软磁体121，所述第一内软磁体121设置在相邻两所述第一内永磁体122之间。这 是本公开的内磁体组件的优选结构形式，通过第一内永磁体和第一内软磁体相结合的方式，通过设置软磁体或软磁材料的极靴，能够对磁场进行短路和导向，从而对于去磁的磁工质床具有更好的磁屏蔽和去磁效果，还能够对于加磁的磁工质床提供良好的磁导通效果，使得磁场分布均匀，并且软磁体成本较低。
在一个实施例中，在所述第一内永磁体122的边缘还连接设置有内端部永磁体120，且所述内端部永磁体120的磁力线方向指向所述磁工质床24或磁力线的延长线方向穿过所述磁工质床24。通过端部永磁体的设置，能够实现加磁区域也就是强磁区域的磁场导向，使得磁力线汇聚在强磁区域(即对磁工质床加磁的位置，如图5中0度时左右两磁工质床的位置)，从而实现磁力线方向进入强磁区汇聚再离开强磁区，这样可以加强强磁区的磁场强度。
在一个实施例中，所述第二组件2还包括第二永磁体21和第二软磁体22，所述第二软磁体22设置在相邻两第二永磁体21之间，且所述第二永磁体21与所述磁工质床24之间还设置有极靴23，所述极靴23由软磁材料构成。这是本公开的第二磁体组件的优选结构形式(第一、第二实施方式，参见图1-9)，通过第二永磁体和第二软磁体相结合的方式，通过设置软磁体或软磁材料的极靴，能够对磁场进行短路和导向，从而对于去磁的磁工质床具有更好的磁屏蔽和去磁效果，还能够对于加磁的磁工质床提供良好的磁导通效果，使得磁场分布均匀，并且软磁体成本较低。
在一个实施例中，所述第二组件2还包括第二永磁体21和第二软磁体22，所述第二永磁体21设置在相邻两第二软磁体22之间，且所述第二软磁体22与所述磁工质床24之间还设置有极靴23，所述极靴23由软磁材料构成。这是本公开的第二磁体组件的优选结构形式(第三实施方式，参见图10-11)，通过第二永磁体和第二软磁体相结合的方式，通过设置软磁体或软磁材料的极靴，能够对磁场进行短路和导向，从而对于去磁的磁工质床具有更好的磁屏蔽和去磁效果，还能够对于加磁的磁工质床提供良好的磁导通效果，使得磁场分布均匀，并且软磁体成本较低。优选所述极靴23和所述第二软磁体22为一体成型结构。
如图4所示为第二组件2，所述第二组件2由4个第二磁体组件单元构成，4个第二磁体组件单元优选地呈360°均匀布置；所述第二磁体组件单元优选地由第二永磁体21和第二软磁体22构成，优选地在第二磁体组件单元的两端布置由软磁材料构成的极靴23。如图4所示，每个第二磁体组件单元由两块永磁体以及位于其中间的第二软磁体22和位于其两端的极靴23构成。
所述第二磁体组件单元中第二永磁体21的充磁方向保持顺时针方向或逆时针方向一 致，从而构成第二磁体组件单元的磁路方向，每个第二磁体组件单元的磁路方向保持顺时针方向或逆时针方向一致，从而4个第二磁体组件单元按顺时针或逆时针方向形成环形磁路的重要组成部分；4个第二磁体组件两两之间形成4个间隙，所述间隙构成气隙容积，每个气隙容积可以布置一个磁工质床24，当第二组件2旋转时磁工质床24与其同步旋转；当第二磁体组件固定不动时，磁工质床24也保持固定，也就是说磁工质床24与第二组件2保持相对位置不变。
所述第一组件1和第二组件2同轴布置，且第二组件2的尺寸满足其旋转运动区域的位于第一组件1中外磁体组件11和内磁体组件12旋转运动区域之间；所述第一磁体组件单元形成的环形磁路方向和第二磁体组件形成的环形磁路方向保持顺时针或逆时针一致，从而形成磁路的叠加；旋转方式分为三种：第一组件1固定，第二组件2旋转；第一组件1旋转，第二组件2固定；两个组件均旋转但转速不同。也就是说只要形成第一磁体组件和第二磁体组件相对旋转运动即可。
当第一组件1和第二组件2相对旋转运动，在特定的时间段，相对应地可以对4个磁工质床24进行加磁和去磁，其中当2个磁工质床24处于加磁状态的同时，另外2个磁工质床24处于去磁状态，且相邻的磁工质床24的状态相反。如图5所示是第二组件2固定且第一组件1旋转的情况，当第一组件1旋转360°时的示意图。从图5中可以看出，第一组件1每旋转90°，完成磁工质床24的加磁和去磁转换，即其中两个磁工质床从加磁状态变为去磁，另外两个磁工质床从去磁状态变为加磁状态；旋转360°实现了4个磁工质床24的4次加磁和去磁转换。比如初始状态为去磁状态，对于单独一个磁工质床而言，转子旋转360°实现了如下过程：去磁→加磁→去磁→加磁→去磁，可以看出实现了4次加磁去磁转换，另外三个磁工质床同理，所以转子每旋转360°实现了4个磁工质床的4次加磁去磁转换。
在一个实施例中，所述磁工质床24为两个以上，所述气隙空间为磁隙，且一个所述磁隙中能够放置一个以上的所述磁工质床24。本公开通过多个磁隙(即容纳磁工质床的气隙)，能够以较高频率实现对多个磁隙磁工质床周期性的加磁和去磁，解决了加磁和去磁的频率较低的问题。
在一个实施例中，所述磁工质床24为4个，所述磁隙为4个；或者所述磁工质床24为6个，所述磁隙为6个。这是本公开第一至第四实施方式以及第五实施方式的优选结构形式。
图6、图7分别为第一实施方式产生的磁场云图和磁感应强度矢量图；在图6中，颜色的深浅表示磁场强度的强弱，颜色越深表示磁场强度越弱，颜色越浅表示磁场强度越高， 可以看出在该状态下，上下两个磁工质床24所在的区域磁场强度弱，处于去磁状态；左右两个磁工质床24所在的区域磁场强度强，处于加磁状态。图7中箭头方向表示磁感应强度的矢量方向，可以看出整个环形磁路按照顺时针方向，在左右磁工质床24所在的区域汇聚，箭头的密度较高，实现加磁；在上下两个磁工质床24的区域箭头几乎没有，实现了弱磁区域。
其中，磁工质床24与所述第二组件2可以连接为一个整体，也可以分离。
所述方法形成的磁场系统其外形为柱状，其横截面可以是圆形、矩形、环形或其他形状，所述气隙的截面形状包括但不限于矩形，进而由气隙形状决定的磁工质床的截面包括但不限于矩形。所述方法形成的磁场系统包括多个气隙区域，每个气隙区域用来放置磁工质床，所述气隙区域的容积可以通过改变磁场系统的柱状长度或轴向高度实现。
第二实施方式
如图8～9表示第二实施方式，该实施方式与第一实施方式不同的地方在于第一磁体组件。如图8所示为第二实施方式。
第二实施方式中的第一磁体组件的示意图如图9所示，第一实施方式中的第一磁体组件如图3所示；图3和图9的区别在于图9增加了无磁性内连接件124和无磁性外连接件114；
第三实施方式
图10～11用来描述第三实施方式，图10表示的第三实施方式和图1所表示的第一实施方式不同的地方在于第二磁体组件。
图11表示的第三实施方式第二磁体组件和图4表示的第一实施方式第二磁体组件的区别在于：图11中每个第二磁体组件单元由两块第二软磁体22以及位于其中间的第二永磁体21和位于其两端的极靴23构成；整个第二磁体组件总共用了四块第二永磁体21，而图4中用了八块第二永磁体21。使用软磁体替代永磁体可以降低磁体系统的成本，另外在磁工质床两侧使用软磁材料有利于磁路的聚集，也有利于在去磁时对图10-11中所示的上下去磁的磁工质床更好的磁屏蔽效果，也就是有利于实现较好的去磁效果，或者说形成的弱磁区更接近于0T，而这样做对于磁场强度的减弱影响是比较小的，这就是使用软磁体的目的和优点。在第三实施方式中第二磁体组件单元的第二软磁体22可以和极靴23合为一体。
第四实施方式
图12用来描述第四实施方式，该实施方式是将第二实施方式中的第一组件1和第三实施方式中的第二组件2进行组合。
图13表示第三实施方式以及第四实施方式所产生的磁场强度云图，其中颜色越深的地方表示磁场强度越弱，颜色越浅的地方表示磁场强度越强。通过图13与图6对比可以看出，在第三、四实施方式下比第一、二实施方式下产生的弱磁场效果越好，可以看出，相比图6，上下两个磁工质床24的区域在图13中更深，表明磁场接近于0T。在磁制冷机中要实现加磁和去磁效果的周期性切换，在去磁时磁场强度越接近0T越好。因此，相比第一和第二实施方式，第三、四实施方式较优。
第五实施方式(最优实施方式)
第一～四实施方式均属于4个磁隙、4个磁工质床24的情况，其主要磁路如图14所示；根据本公开思想，如图15，对6个磁工质床进行加磁和去磁，从而形成第五实施方式，如图17～19所示。
如图17所示；该实施方式和第三实施方式类似，采用了两个磁体组件：第一组件1和第二组件2；共有6个磁工质床24；由于磁工质是属于铁磁性材料，虽然具有一定的导磁效果，磁工质床的个数越多不会对磁场增强有太大帮助，但是这里增加磁工质床的个数的目的在于提高磁体的利用率，也就是说可以放置的磁工质材料更多，可以实现较大的制冷效果，理论上在磁体系统气隙的有效空间越大的情况下，装有的磁工质或者磁工质床的个数越多越好。
第一磁体组件由3个第一磁体组件单元构成，3个第一磁体组件单元呈360°优选地均匀布置。第一磁体组件单元由内磁体组件12和外磁体组件11构成，其中内磁体组件12和外磁体组件11相对位置固定；所述内磁体组件12优选地由永磁材料块和软磁材料构成，所述外磁体组件11也优选地由永磁体材料和软磁材料构成；如图17中所示，带有箭头的为永磁材料，其箭头方向表示充磁方向，阴影部分为软磁材料。其中永磁材料包括但不限于钕铁硼，软磁材料可以是电工纯铁、低碳钢等。
外磁体组件11由外端部永磁体110、第一外永磁体112以及第一外软磁体111构成，其中两块第一外永磁体112之间布置外软磁体111，两块第一外永磁体112的两端分别布置外端部永磁体110。同样地，内磁体组件12由两块第一内永磁体122以及位于其之间的第一内软磁体121和位于其两端的内端部永磁体120构成。内、外磁体组件中永磁体充磁方向一致使得形成的内、外磁路保持顺时针方向一致或逆时针方向一致，从而构成第一磁体组件单元的磁路方向，每个第一磁体组件单元的磁路方向同样保持顺时针方向一致或逆时针方向一致，从而两个第一磁体组件单元按顺时针方向或逆时针方向形成环形磁路的重要组成部分。
第二磁体组件由6个第二磁体组件单元构成，6个第二磁体组件单元呈360°优选地 均匀布置。所述第二磁体组件单元优选地由永磁材料块和软磁材料构成，优选地在第二磁体组件单元的两端布置由软磁材料构成的极靴23。如图4所示，每个第二磁体组件单元由两块第二永磁体21以及位于其中间的第二软磁体22和位于其两端的极靴23构成。
所述第二磁体组件单元中第二永磁体21的充磁方向保持顺时针方向或逆时针方向一致，从而构成第二磁体组件单元的磁路方向，每个第二磁体组件单元的磁路方向保持顺时针方向或逆时针方向一致，从而6个第二磁体组件单元按顺时针或逆时针方向形成环形磁路的重要组成部分；6个第二磁体组件两两之间形成6个间隙，所述间隙构成气隙容积，每个气隙容积可以布置一个磁工质床24，当第二组件2旋转时磁工质床24与其同步旋转；当第二磁体组件固定不动时，磁工质床24也保持固定，也就是说磁工质床24与第二磁体组件保持相对位置不变。
所述第一组件1和第二组件2同轴布置，每个第一磁体组件单元所占周向的角度是第二磁体单元的2倍。
且第二磁体组件的尺寸满足其旋转运动区域的位于第一磁体组件中内磁体组件11和外磁体组件12旋转运动区域之间；所述第一磁体组件单元形成的环形磁路方向和第二磁体组件形成的环形磁路方向保持顺时针或逆时针一致，从而形成磁路的叠加；
旋转方式分为三种：第一组件1固定，第二组件2旋转；第一组件1旋转，第二组件2固定；两个组件均旋转但转速不同。也就是说只要形成第一磁体组件和第二磁体组件相对旋转运动即可。
当第一组件1和第二组件2相对旋转运动，在特定的时间段，相对应地可以对6个磁工质床24进行加磁和去磁，其中当3个磁工质床24处于加磁状态的同时，另外3个磁工质床24处于去磁状态，且相邻的磁工质床24的状态相反。
图18所示为第五实施例的三维示意图。图19所示为第五实施方式所形成的磁场云图，可以看出在第二磁体组件单元之间的矩形气隙有3个去磁区域(颜色最深的地方)和3个加磁区域(颜色浅的部分)，实现对6个磁工质床24的周期性加磁和去磁。
如图14～16所示，按照本公开磁路原理和方法，如图16所示可以实现8个磁工质床的加磁和去磁，按照第五实施例n＝6个气隙的方法，可以通过m(m＝n/2)个第一磁体组件单元和n个第二磁体组件单元相配合实现n个气隙的加磁和去磁，其中n＝4、6、8、10、12……理论上在磁体系统气隙的有效空间越大的情况下，装有的磁工质或者磁工质床的个数越多越好，但是实际如果磁工质床的数量越多的话，其连接的系统管路就越复杂，导致磁制冷机的可靠性降低。
所述以上实施例中的第一磁体组件和第二磁体组件的具体实施方式并不能完全涵盖 本公开思想中所提到的方法，因为可以有多个磁体组件。所以只要满足本公开旋转磁场系统按照半径大小至少分为两层，具体的讲，系统可以分为具有相对运动第一磁体组件和第二磁体组件，其中第二磁体组件可以视为一层，其按照时针方向形成一个环形基础磁路；其中第一磁体组件径向围绕第二磁体组件的内外，分别形成内磁体组件和外磁体组件，内、外磁体组件均至少包括一层，整个第一磁体组件至少包括内磁体组件和外磁体组件中的其中一种，所谓两层就是最少层的特殊情况：第一磁体组件只包括单层的内磁体组件或者只包括单层侧外磁体组件。以上层数主要是指在径向(半径大小)来区分的。每一层包含有至少两个不同充磁方向的小磁铁块以及软磁材料形成闭环磁路，多层形成的多条基础磁路并在多个强磁区域实现汇聚并且避开多个弱磁区域，最后按照一致的时针方向形成环形磁路，在磁体组件的相对旋转运动的过程中实现多个区域的周期性加磁和去磁的思想，均属于本公开的保护范围内。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种磁制冷装置，其特征在于：包括：
    第一组件(1)和第二组件(2)，所述第二组件(2)为环形组件，且所述第一组件(1)位于所述第二组件(2)的径向外侧或径向内侧，且所述第一组件(1)为第一磁体组件，所述第二组件(2)上设置有能够容纳磁工质床(24)的气隙空间，所述第一组件(1)能够与所述第二组件(2)做相对转动的运动，且所述第一磁体组件的磁力线方向沿着环形的所述第二组件(2)的圆周方向进行分布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二组件(2)也为第二磁体组件，且所述第二组件的磁力线方向也沿着环形的所述第二组件(2)的圆周方向进行分布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二磁体组件的磁力线串联而围绕成封闭的环。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一组件(1)包括位于所述第二组件(2)的径向外侧的外磁体组件(11)和位于所述第二组件(2)的径向内侧的内磁体组件(12)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：所述外磁体组件(11)和所述内磁体组件(12)相对应，在圆周方向所占的角度相同。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述外磁体组件(11)包括分隔开的第一单元(11a)和第二单元(11b)，所述第一单元(11a)的磁力线和所述第二单元(11b)的磁力线通过所述第二组件(2)而相接串联并形成封闭的磁力线环。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    当所述外磁体组件(11)包括分隔开的第一单元(11a)和第二单元(11b)时，所述第一单元和所述第二单元之间通过无磁性外连接件(114)进行连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述内磁体组件(12)包括分隔开的第三单元(12a)和第四单元(12b)，所述第三单元(12a)的磁力线和所述第四单元(12b)的磁力线通过所述第二组件(2)而相接串联并形成封闭的磁力线环。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    当所述内磁体组件(12)包括分隔开的第三单元(12a)和第四单元(12b)时，所述第三单元和所述第四单元之间通过无磁性内连接件(124)进行连接。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    当所述第二组件(2)也为第二磁体组件时，所述第二组件(2)的磁力线方向、所述内磁体组件(12)的磁力线方向和所述外磁体组件(11)的磁力线方向均为相同的环绕方向。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述外磁体组件(11)还包括至少一个第一外永磁体(112)、至少一个第一外软磁体(111)，所述第一外软磁体(111)设置在相邻两所述第一外永磁体(112)之间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    在所述第一外永磁体(112)的边缘还连接设置有外端部永磁体(110)，且所述外端部永磁体(110)的磁力线方向指向所述磁工质床(24)或磁力线的延长线方向穿过所述磁工质床(24)。
  13. 根据权利要求4所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述内磁体组件(12)还包括至少一个第一内永磁体(122)和至少一个第一内软磁体(121)，所述第一内软磁体(121)设置在相邻两所述第一内永磁体(122)之间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    在所述第一内永磁体(122)的边缘还连接设置有内端部永磁体(120)，且所述内端部永磁体(120)的磁力线方向指向所述磁工质床(24)或磁力线的延长线方向穿过所述磁工质床(24)。
  15. 根据权利要求2或3所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二组件(2)还包括第二永磁体(21)和第二软磁体(22)，所述第二软磁体(22)设置在相邻两第二永磁体(21)之间，且所述第二永磁体(21)与所述磁工质床(24)之间还设置有极靴(23)，所述极靴(23)由软磁材料构成。
  16. 根据权利要求2或3所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二组件(2)还包括第二永磁体(21)和第二软磁体(22)，所述第二永磁体(21)设置在相邻两第二软磁体(22)之间，且所述第二软磁体(22)与所述磁工质床(24)之间还设置有极靴(23)，所述极靴(23)由软磁材料构成。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述极靴(23)和所述第二软磁体(22)为一体成型结构。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述磁工质床(24)为两个以上，所述气隙空间为磁隙，且一个所述磁隙中能够放置一个以上的所述磁工质床(24)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述磁工质床(24)为4个，所述磁隙为4个；或者所述磁工质床(24)为6个，所述磁隙为6个。
PCT/CN2019/125502 2019-05-09 2019-12-16 一种磁制冷装置 WO2020224264A1 (zh)

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