WO2020221027A1 - 用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置 - Google Patents

用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置 Download PDF

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WO2020221027A1
WO2020221027A1 PCT/CN2020/085386 CN2020085386W WO2020221027A1 WO 2020221027 A1 WO2020221027 A1 WO 2020221027A1 CN 2020085386 W CN2020085386 W CN 2020085386W WO 2020221027 A1 WO2020221027 A1 WO 2020221027A1
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exhaust gas
internal combustion
exhaust
combustion engine
evolution process
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马骁
巩艺飞
张景宇
徐宏明
帅石金
沈义涛
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Publication of WO2020221027A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020221027A1/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0095—Preparation of aerosols
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
    • G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
    • G01M15/108—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases using optical methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
    • F02D2041/1437—Simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N2001/222—Other features
    • G01N2001/2223—Other features aerosol sampling devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N2001/2893—Preparing calibration standards
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0023—Investigating dispersion of liquids
    • G01N2015/0026—Investigating dispersion of liquids in gas, e.g. fog
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to a simulation device for the evolution process of internal combustion engine exhaust particle flow for reducing automobile emissions.
  • internal combustion engine vehicles mainly include gasoline engine vehicles and diesel engine vehicles.
  • the internal combustion engine has always been the mainstream power of automobiles because of its high power, continuous function, ease of movement, and fuel replenishment.
  • the particulates emitted by internal combustion engine vehicles not only contain solid soot, but also contain more volatile organic compounds (VOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC).
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • SVOC semi-volatile organic compounds
  • the average particle size is small, which has been proved to be more environmentally and human. harmful.
  • the new emission regulations not only limit the quality of particulate matter but also limit the number of particulate matter (PN), so it poses a severe challenge to the development of internal combustion engines.
  • DPF diesel particulate matter capture
  • GPF gasoline engine particulate matter filter
  • the particulate matter produced by internal combustion engines also contains a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC). It is not reasonable to use carbon black aerosol to simulate the exhaust particle flow of internal combustion engines. It is necessary for the mixture of gasoline/diesel oil and lubricating oil to simulate the soluble organic matter in the exhaust particle flow of internal combustion engines.
  • flame burners can be used as the exhaust gas source to simulate the real exhaust gas environment of internal combustion engines.
  • the RBG series dust aerosol generating device of PALAS company in Germany uses a rotating electric brush to uniformly remove a certain amount of powder to produce aerosol. Its concentration is stable and can be effectively used to generate carbon black aerosol. However, due to the particle size and quality of the particles, the particles and gas are directly used to form aerosols and they are easily precipitated. Therefore, the method of generating particle aerosols using dust aerosol generators cannot achieve good particle suspension effects.
  • the TDA series of aerosol generators from ATI Company in the United States use Laskin nozzles to atomize the solution to produce aerosols.
  • the concentration is stable, but the concentration adjustment method is single (only the dilution ratio of air is adjusted).
  • the adjustment is made by using the principle of rotating particle generation and diversion dilution.
  • the basic principle is similar to that of the RBG series dust aerosol generating device of PALAS company in Germany. Also due to the particle size and quality, it is directly Particles and gas are used to form aerosols and they are easily precipitated. Therefore, the method of generating particle aerosols using a dust aerosol generating device cannot achieve a good particle suspension effect.
  • the present invention provides a simulation device for the evolution process of internal combustion engine exhaust particle flow for reducing automobile emissions, so as to overcome at least one problem existing in the prior art.
  • an internal combustion engine exhaust particle flow evolution simulation device for reducing automobile emissions including:
  • Exhaust gas source used to generate high temperature exhaust gas
  • the exhaust gas passage includes a plurality of sections of circular pipes of predetermined length, and the plurality of sections of circular pipes are fixedly connected; one end of the exhaust gas passage is close to the exhaust gas source, and the other end is away from the exhaust gas source;
  • the soluble organic matter generating device is used to generate soluble organic matter;
  • the soluble organic matter generating device includes an injector, an injector control unit, an injector adapter, and a conical tube; the lower surface of the injector adapter and the cone
  • the small ends of the shaped tubes are welded together concentrically, and the nozzle of the fuel injector is located in the center of the tapered tube; the large end of the tapered tube is welded to the end of the exhaust gas channel near the exhaust gas source through a cylindrical tube, And the first distance from the top of the exhaust duct;
  • the oil in the injector is a liquid that is mixed with lubricating oil and gasoline or diesel in a predetermined ratio;
  • the carbon particle generating device is used to generate carbon particles;
  • the carbon particle generating device includes a smoke box, an ultrasonic atomizer, a stirring motor, a supporting plate, a jet vacuum pump, and a high-pressure nitrogen bottle;
  • the ultrasonic atomizer is placed in the smoke The bottom of the box;
  • the rotating shaft of the stirring motor is supported by the support plate;
  • the support plate is placed above the liquid level contained in the smoke box;
  • the smoke box cover has a hole and the suction of the lower part of the jet vacuum pump
  • the inlet of the jet vacuum pump is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder;
  • the outlet of the jet vacuum pump is connected to the end of the exhaust gas channel close to the exhaust gas source through a metal transport tube, and is away from the exhaust gas The second distance from the top of the road;
  • the heat source is placed under the smoke box and used to heat the smoke box;
  • the outer wall of the metal conveying pipe is wrapped with a heating cable, and the periphery of the heating cable is wrapped with insulating asbestos; the end of the heating cable is provided with a probe connected to a thermocouple of a temperature controller for monitoring the metal conveying pipe Terminal temperature
  • a sampling hole and a temperature measuring point are provided at the downstream port position of each section of the circular pipe of the exhaust gas passage; the sampling hole and the temperature measuring point are used to realize the sampling and temperature measurement of particles along the way;
  • the laser extinction test system includes a quartz glass tube connected to the end of the exhaust gas channel, and a probe for collecting scattered light; the system is used to compare the light intensity before and after the laser passes through the exhaust gas, and calculate the exhaust pipe according to the following formula
  • the volume fraction of soot is C v :
  • ⁇ is the correction coefficient
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the laser
  • L is the optical path length
  • ⁇ is the complex refractive index of the soot
  • K( ⁇ ) is the function of the complex refractive index
  • I 0 is the incident light intensity
  • I is the exit light intensity
  • the feedback control system is used to compare the concentration of soot in the exhaust pipe with a preset threshold, and generate a control signal according to the comparison result, and feed the control signal back to the control unit of the nitrogen source and the nozzle
  • An oiler control unit to change the supply pressure of the nitrogen source and the pulse width of the fuel injector.
  • the exhaust gas source is a flame burner.
  • the exhaust gas passage includes 6 sections of circular pipe.
  • the length of the round tube is 500 mm.
  • each section of circular pipe is connected by flanges and bolts.
  • the large end of the tapered tube is welded to the end of the exhaust gas channel close to the exhaust gas source through a cylindrical tube, and is 100 mm away from the top end of the exhaust gas channel.
  • the outlet of the jet vacuum suction pump is connected to an end of the exhaust gas channel close to the exhaust gas source through a metal transport tube, and is 400 mm away from the top end of the exhaust gas channel.
  • the liquid in the smoke box is a mixture of carbon nano particles with a diameter of 30 nm and water.
  • the heat source is used to heat the liquid in the smoke box to 80°C.
  • the device for simulating the evolution process of the exhaust particulate flow of the internal combustion engine for reducing automobile emissions further includes a particulate filtering system including a particulate trap connected to the end of the quartz glass tube for capturing particulates in the exhaust gas.
  • the device for simulating the evolution of the exhaust particle flow of an internal combustion engine for reducing automobile emissions according to the present invention has a simple structure and low cost, which is one of the innovations of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the laser extinction test system is introduced.
  • the test device of the system is simple, only a laser and photodiode are needed, the cost is low, the data obtained is reliable, and a little space can be obtained.
  • the volume fraction of soot is one of the innovative points of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation device for the evolution process of internal combustion engine exhaust particle flow for reducing automobile emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows the positional relationship diagram between the injector base and the first section of the circular pipe in the soluble organic matter generating device in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of the smoke box of the carbon particle generating device in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the jet vacuum pump in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a simulation device for the evolution process of exhaust particle flow of an internal combustion engine for reducing automobile emissions, which will be described in detail below.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal combustion engine exhaust particle flow evolution process simulation device for reducing automobile emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the simulation device for the evolution process of the exhaust particle flow of an internal combustion engine for reducing automobile emissions includes: an exhaust gas source, an exhaust gas channel that simulates the evolution of particulate matter, a soluble organic matter generation device, and carbon particle generation Device.
  • a flame burner can be used as the exhaust gas source to simulate the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by a real internal combustion engine.
  • the exhaust duct 1 is composed of 6 sections of circular pipes, each section of circular pipe is 500mm, and each section of the circular pipe is connected by flanges and bolts.
  • FIG. 2 shows the positional relationship diagram between the injector base and the first section of the circular pipe in the soluble organic matter generating device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the oil mist generating device is welded to the first section of the round pipe (also called the mixing section) of the exhaust gas duct.
  • the soluble organic matter generating device includes an injector 2, an injector control unit 3, an injector adapter 4, and a tapered tube 5.
  • the lower surface of the injector adapter 4 is welded concentrically with the small head of the tapered tube 5, the nozzle of the injector is in the center, and the large head of the tapered tube is welded to the first section of the circular pipe through a section of cylindrical tube 6.
  • the distance between the cylindrical tube 6 and the upstream of the first section of circular tube is 100 mm.
  • Volatile organic matter generation In the soluble organic matter generation device, lubricating oil and gasoline/diesel can be mixed at a ratio of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% respectively to better simulate the volatile organic matter in a real internal combustion engine. After the oil is sprayed from the fuel injector 2, it enters the high temperature environment of the exhaust gas of the burner, speeding up the evaporation process. The evaporation and atomization of the oil mist, and the mixing with the exhaust gas of the burner occurs in the conical tube 5 and welding with it. The volatile organic compounds evaporated from the oil mist in the circular tube 6 continue to flow backward along the flow path with the exhaust gas. Injector 2 uses Peugeot PSA injectors.
  • Carbon particle generation The carbon particles are generated by the smoke box 7; a certain mass of nano carbon particles are mixed in the water, and the diameter of the carbon particles is 30 nm. Put the mixture of carbon particles and water into the smoke box 7, and fill it with 2/5 of the volume of the smoke box 7. An ultrasonic atomizer 8 is placed in the center of the bottom of the smoke box 7, which uses ultrasonic directional pressure to bulge the surface of the liquid. The liquid is atomized into a mist of small molecules. The water mist is mixed with carbon particles to form an aerosol of carbon particles, which fills the entire space of the smoke box 7.
  • Fig. 3 shows a top view of the smoke box of the carbon particle generating device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a stirring motor 9 is arranged on each side, the rotating shaft of the stirring motor 9 is supported on the acrylic plate, and the acrylic supporting plate is placed above the liquid surface. After the stirring motor 9 is energized, it will quickly stir the liquid surface to cooperate with the atomization effect of the ultrasonic atomizer 8.
  • a heat source is used to heat the bottom of the smoke box 7 to raise the water to about 80°C
  • a probe type thermocouple is used to measure the water temperature, so that the upper liquid surface of the smoke box 7 will be filled with evenly distributed carbon particle saturated aerosol.
  • the power cords of the stirring motor 9 and the ultrasonic atomizer 8 are led out from the holes drilled in the cover of the smoke box 7.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the jet vacuum pump in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inlet 10-2 of the jet vacuum pump 10 is connected to the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 11.
  • nitrogen flows through, Due to the vacuum suction effect produced by throttling, the carbon particle aerosol is drawn out of the smoke box 7 and further atomized, flows through the vacuum chamber 10-3 of the jet vacuum pump 10 and escapes from the outlet 10-4. Enter the metal transport pipe 12.
  • Heating of carbon particle aerosol The carbon particle aerosol enters the metal transport tube 12, the outer wall of the metal transport tube 12 is wrapped with a heating cable 13, and the periphery of the heating cable 13 is wrapped with insulating asbestos to achieve heat preservation.
  • the role of the heating cable 13 is to heat the carbon particle aerosol, evaporate the water mist and turn it into water vapor to prevent the liquid water from evaporating and absorbing heat in the exhaust pipe 1 and changing the temperature environment in the exhaust pipe.
  • the end of the heating cable 13 is wrapped with a thermocouple probe, and the thermocouple is connected to a temperature controller to monitor the temperature at the end of the transport pipe.
  • the design temperature of the end is 300°C.
  • the metal pipe 12 is connected to the first section of the circular pipe of the flow passage through a transfer joint.
  • the first section of the circular tube can be called the mixing section, which mainly completes the evaporation and atomization of the oil mist and the mixing with the exhaust gas of the burner.
  • the second, third, fourth, and fifth round pipes are collectively referred to as the test section, which is used to measure the exhaust gas temperature along the way and sample the particulate matter along the way.
  • the sixth section of the tube is called the control section, which is used to measure the flow of exhaust gas.
  • Sampling holes and temperature measuring points are set at the downstream port of each section of circular pipe.
  • Use copper mesh for sampling Use the particle size distribution measuring device CAMBUSTION DMS500 to measure the particle size distribution of particles, and use the emission meter to measure other volatile organic compounds.
  • Laser extinction test system This system is used to measure the concentration (volume fraction) of soot in the exhaust gas.
  • a section of quartz glass tube 14 is connected to the end of the tail gas duct tube so as to pass the incident light and scattered light for laser extinction test.
  • the scattered light generated by the exhaust aerosol is collected by the extinction system probe 15.
  • the concentration (volume fraction) of soot in the exhaust pipe can be obtained.
  • the laser extinction test system is used to measure the concentration (volume fraction) of soot. Because soot particles have a strong scattering and absorption effect on light, when the beam generated by the laser passes through the exhaust gas (aerosol containing soot), the energy detected by the receiver will be reduced. At the same time, because the soot's ability to absorb light is far greater than its ability to scatter light, the light intensity I after passing through the aerosol can be obtained by the following Lambert-Beer formula:
  • I 0 is the incident light intensity
  • L is the optical path length
  • E is the extinction coefficient
  • ⁇ is the correction coefficient
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the laser
  • ⁇ is the complex refractive index of the soot
  • K( ⁇ ) is the function of the complex refractive index
  • the concentration (volume fraction) of soot in the exhaust pipe can be obtained.
  • the test device of the system In order to measure the concentration (volume fraction) of soot particles in the exhaust gas channel and introduce it into the system, the test device of the system is simple, only a laser and a photodiode are needed, the cost is low, the data obtained is reliable, and the soot volume at a point in space can be obtained The score is widely used in the test of soot concentration.
  • a section of quartz glass tube is connected to the end of the tail gas duct tube so that it can pass through incident light and scattered light for laser extinction testing.
  • the scattered light generated by the exhaust aerosol is collected by the extinction system probe.
  • the signal of the soot volume fraction in the exhaust pipe obtained by the laser extinction system is sent to the computer 16. After judgment, the computer 16 feeds back the control signal to the flow valve control unit 17 and the fuel injection control unit 3 to change the nitrogen In order to change the mass flow rate of carbon particles and the quantity of volatile organic matter, a mixed aerosol containing different soot concentrations and soluble organic matter concentrations can be obtained.
  • a commercial particulate matter trap 18 (DPF or GPF) is provided at the downstream interface of the quartz glass tube 14 to capture particulate matter in the exhaust gas and prevent it from polluting the atmosphere.
  • the simulation device for the evolution process of the exhaust particle flow of the internal combustion engine for reducing automobile emissions in the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and low cost.
  • the simulation device for the evolution of the exhaust particle flow of the internal combustion engine for reducing automobile emissions is controlled by a variety of adjustment methods.
  • the mixing concentration of soot particles and soluble organic matter obtains a suitable mixed aerosol, which more realistically simulates the exhaust particle flow of internal combustion engines, and obtains the evolution law of internal combustion engine particles through various testing methods.
  • modules in the device in the embodiment may be distributed in the device in the embodiment according to the description of the embodiment, or may be located in one or more devices different from this embodiment with corresponding changes.
  • the modules of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined into one module or further divided into multiple sub-modules.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，包括：尾气源；尾气流道，包括多段预定长度的圆管，多段圆管之间固定连接；可溶性有机物发生装置，用于产生可溶性有机物；碳粒发生装置，用于产生碳粒。本发明的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置结构简单、成本低廉，通过多种调节方式来控制碳烟颗粒与可溶性有机物的混合浓度就可以得到合适的混合气溶胶，更真实地模拟内燃机排气颗粒流。

Description

用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置 技术领域
本发明涉及测量技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置。
背景技术
我国车用动力主要是内燃机。针对不同的用途，内燃机汽车主要有汽油机汽车和柴油机汽车。内燃机因其功率大，持续做功能力强，便于移动和补充燃料等优点，一直是汽车的主流动力。
业内普遍认为，内燃机在未来数十年内仍然将是汽车的主流动力。随着环保措施的不断加严，传统内燃机汽车的排放污染受到越来越多的关注，尤其是内燃机汽车的颗粒物排放，被认为是导致城市“雾霾”产生的主要原因之一。内燃机汽车排放的颗粒物中，不仅有固态的碳烟，还包含较多的可挥发性有机物(VOC)和半可挥发性有机物(SVOC)，平均粒径较小，已被证明对环境和人体更加有害。而新的排放法规不但限制颗粒物的质量而且限制颗粒物的数量(PN)，故对内燃机的研发提出了严峻的挑战。
内燃机缸内形成的碳烟离开燃烧室以后，在排气过程中继续演变成颗粒物。对柴油机而言，这一演变过程主要是在氧化催化器、选择催化还原器、颗粒过滤器等后处理装置中变化。汽油机排放物中可挥发性成分较多，导致其颗粒物的质量、数量、组分以及粒径分布形态等在排气系统中的演变过程更加复杂。
迄今为止，人们对包括机动车在内的尾气气溶胶的主要组成及其影响并 没有全面的认知。在对柴油机尾气中颗粒物的处理方式中，柴油机颗粒物捕集(DPF)是公认的最有效的颗粒物净化装置(物理捕集柴油机颗粒，效率常常高达95％)，也是目前净化技术中商用前景最好的技术之一。对于汽油机，同样有类似的汽油机颗粒物捕集器(GPF)。研究结果表明，GPF可有效降低PN排放，尤其是在低转速、高负荷的运行工况下，GPF可将PN原始排放降低两个数量级。
目前，在实验室研究GPF/DPF中，使用碳黑气溶胶模拟内燃机排气颗粒流是一种比较常用的做法，免去了直接进行内燃机实验而带来的资金、人员以及台架的消耗。
同时，内燃机产生的颗粒物，也包含较多的可挥发性有机物(VOC)和半可挥发性有机物(SVOC)，纯粹使用碳黑气溶胶模拟内燃机排气颗粒流的方法不太合理，因此，使用汽油/柴油与润滑油的混合液模拟内燃机排气颗粒流中的可溶性有机物显得很有必要。同时，可以采用火焰燃烧器作为尾气源，模拟真实的内燃机尾气环境。
关于内燃机碳黑气溶胶的产生方法，德国PALAS公司RBG系列粉尘气溶胶发生装置通过使用旋转电刷均匀地移除一定粉末以产生气溶胶，其浓度稳定，能有效地用于产生碳黑气溶胶，但由于颗粒粒径及质量等的原因，直接利用颗粒与气体形成气溶胶后极易沉淀，因此使用粉尘气溶胶发生装置产生颗粒气溶胶的方法达不到良好的颗粒悬浮效果。
美国ATI公司TDA系列气溶胶发生器通过使用Laskin喷嘴使溶液雾化产生气溶胶，其浓度稳定，但其浓度调节手段单一(仅调节空气的稀释比例)。
中国已有的相关专利中，通过使用旋转式颗粒发生与分流稀释原理稀释进行调节，其基本原理与德国PALAS公司RBG系列粉尘气溶胶发生装置相 近，同样由于颗粒粒径及质量等的原因，直接利用颗粒与气体形成气溶胶后极易沉淀，因此使用粉尘气溶胶发生装置产生颗粒气溶胶的方法达不到良好的颗粒悬浮效果。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，用以克服现有技术中存在的至少一个问题。
根据本发明实施例的第一方面，提供一种用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，包括：
尾气源，用于产生高温尾气流；
尾气流道，包括多段预定长度的圆管，所述多段圆管之间固定连接；所述尾气流道一端靠近尾气源，另一端远离尾气源；
可溶性有机物发生装置，用于产生可溶性有机物；所述可溶性有机物发生装置包括喷油器、喷油器控制单元、喷油器适配器、锥形管；所述喷油器适配器的下表面与所述锥形管的小头同心的焊接在一起，所述喷油器的喷头处于所述锥形管的正中心；所述锥形管大头通过圆柱管焊接在所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端第一距离；所述喷油器中的油是润滑油和汽油或柴油按照预定配比进行混合后的液体；
碳粒发生装置，用于产生碳粒；所述碳粒发生装置包括烟雾箱、超声雾化器、搅拌电机、支撑板、射流真空抽气泵、高压氮气瓶；所述超声雾化器放置在烟雾箱底部；所述搅拌电机的旋转轴由所述支撑板支撑；所述支撑板放置在烟雾箱中容纳的液面上方；所述烟雾箱盖上有孔与所述射流真空抽气泵下部的抽吸口相连，所述射流真空抽气泵的进口与高压氮气瓶相连；所述射流真空抽气泵的出口通过金属输运管连接到所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端第二距离；
热源，放置在所述烟雾箱下方，用于对所述烟雾箱加热；
所述金属输运管的外壁缠有伴热带，所述伴热带的外围缠有保温石棉；所述伴热带末端设置有连接温控仪的热电偶的探头，用于监测所述金属输运管末端温度；
所述尾气流道的每段圆管的下游端口位置，均设置有采样孔和测温点；所述采样孔和测温点用于实现沿程颗粒物的采样和温度测量；
激光消光测试系统，包括连接到所述尾气流道末端的石英玻璃管，以及用于收集散射光的探头；所述系统用于通过比较激光穿越尾气前后的光强，根据下式计算得到尾气管中碳烟体积分数为C v：
Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-000001
其中，α是修正系数；λ是激光的波长；L为光程长度；χ是碳烟的复折射率；K(χ)是复折射率的函数,
Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-000002
I 0为入射光强；I为出射光强；
反馈控制系统，用于将所述尾气管中碳烟的浓度与预设的阈值比较，并根据比较结果产生控制信号，并将所述控制信号反馈给所述氮气源的控制单元和所述喷油器控制单元，以改变所述氮气源的送气压力和所述喷油器的脉宽。
可选地，尾气源是火焰燃烧器。
可选地，尾气流道包括6段圆管。
可选地，圆管长度为500mm。
可选地，各段圆管之间通过法兰和螺栓连接。
可选地，锥形管大头通过圆柱管焊接在尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并 距离所述尾气流道顶端100mm。
可选地，所述射流真空抽气泵的出口通过金属输运管连接在所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端400mm。
可选地，烟雾箱中的液体为直径30nm的纳米碳粒与水的混合物。
可选地，热源用于将烟雾箱中的液体升温至80℃。
可选地，用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置还包括：颗粒物过滤系统，包括连接在所述石英玻璃管尾端的颗粒物捕集器，用于捕获尾气中的颗粒物。
本发明实施例的创新点包括：
1、本发明的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置结构简单、成本低廉，这是本发明实施例的创新点之一。
2、通过多种调节方式来控制碳烟颗粒与可溶性有机物的混合浓度就可以得到合适的混合气溶胶，更真实地模拟内燃机排气颗粒流，并通过各种测试手段获得内燃机颗粒物的演变规律，是本发明实施例的创新点之一。
3、为了测得尾气流道中的碳烟颗粒浓度(体积分数)引入激光消光测试系统，该系统试验装置简单，仅需要一个激光器和光电二极管，成本较低，所得数据可靠，可以获得空间一点处的碳烟体积分数，是本发明实施例的创新点之一。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一个实施例的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置的结构示意图；
图2中示出了本发明实施例中可溶性有机物发生装置中的喷油器底座与第一段圆管之间的位置关系图；
图3中示出了本发明实施例中的碳粒发生装置的烟雾箱的俯视图；
图4示出了本发明实施例中的射流真空抽气泵的剖面图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例及附图中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本发明实施例公开了一种用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，以下进行详细说明。
图1为本发明一个实施例的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置的结构示意图。
如图1所示，根据本发明实施例的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，包括：尾气源、模拟颗粒物演变过程的尾气流道、可溶性有机物发生装置、碳粒发生装置。
可以采用火焰燃烧器作为尾气源，模拟真实内燃机产生的高温尾气流。
尾气流道1由6段圆管组成，每段圆管500mm，各段圆管之间通过法兰和螺栓连接。
图2中示出了本发明实施例中可溶性有机物发生装置中的喷油器底座与第一段圆管之间的位置关系图。如图2所示，油雾发生装置焊接在尾气流道的第一段圆管(也称混合段)上。可溶性有机物发生装置包括喷油器2、喷油器控制单元3、喷油器适配器4和锥形管5。喷油器适配器4下表面与锥形管5的小头同心地焊接在一起，喷油器的喷头处于正中心，锥形管大头通过一段圆柱管6与第一段流道圆管焊接。圆柱管6与第一段圆管上游的距离为100mm。
可挥发性有机物发生：在可溶性有机物发生装置中，润滑油和汽油/柴油可以分别按照0.5％，1.0％，1.5％的配比进行混合，以更好地模拟真实内燃机中的可挥发有机物。油从喷油器2喷出后，进入到燃烧器尾气的高温环境中，加快了蒸发过程，油雾的蒸发、雾化，和与燃烧器尾气的混合就发生在锥形管5和与其焊接的圆管6内，从油雾中蒸发出来的可挥发性有机物随尾气继续沿流道向后流动。喷油器2采用标致PSA喷油器。
碳粒发生：碳粒由烟雾箱7产生；在水中混合一定质量的纳米碳粒，碳粒的直径是30nm。将碳粒和水的混合物装入烟雾箱7内，装满烟雾箱7容积的2/5，烟雾箱7底部正中央放置超声雾化器8，其利用超声波定向压强，使液体表面隆起，将液体雾化成小分子的气雾。水雾夹杂着碳粒形成碳粒的气溶胶，充满整个烟雾箱7空间。
图3中示出了本发明实施例中的碳粒发生装置的烟雾箱的俯视图。如图3所示；在超声雾化器8的两侧的液面上各布置一个搅拌电机9，搅拌电机9的旋转轴支撑在亚克力板上面，亚克力支撑板放置在液面的上方。搅拌电机9通电后，将把液面快速搅动起来，配合超声雾化器8的雾化作用。
同时使用热源将烟雾箱7底部进行加热，将水升温至80℃左右，采用探 头式热电偶测量水温，将使烟雾箱7内部液面上方充满分布均匀的碳粒饱和气溶胶。搅拌电机9和超声雾化器8的电源线从烟雾箱7盖上钻好的孔中引出。
图4示出了本发明实施例中的射流真空抽气泵的剖面图。参见图4，烟雾箱7盖正中央有孔与射流真空抽气泵10下部的抽吸口10-1相连，射流真空抽气泵10的进口10-2与高压氮气瓶11相连，当氮气流过时，由于节流产生的真空抽吸作用，碳粒气溶胶被从烟雾箱7内抽出，并被进一步雾化，流经射流真空抽气泵10的真空室10-3后从出口10-4逃出，进入金属输运管12。
碳粒气溶胶的加热：碳粒气溶胶进入金属输运管12，金属输运管12的外壁缠有伴热带13，伴热带13的外围缠有保温石棉以实现保温。伴热带13的作用是加热碳粒气溶胶，将水雾蒸干，使其变成水蒸气，以防液态水在尾气管1内蒸发吸热，改变尾气管内的温度环境。伴热带13的末端缠有热电偶的探头，热电偶连接温控仪，以监测输运管末端的温度,末端的设计温度为300℃。金属管12通过转接头与第一段流道圆管相连。
采样和测温：第一段圆管可以称为混合段，主要完成油雾的蒸发雾化和与燃烧器尾气的混合。第2、3、4、5段圆管统称测试段，用来测量实现沿程尾气温度的测量，以及沿程颗粒物的采样。第6段圆管称为控制段，用来测量尾气的流量。在每段圆管的下游端口，均设置了采样孔和测温点。采用铜网进行采样。使用粒径分布测量设备CAMBUSTION DMS500测量颗粒物的粒径分布，使用排放仪测量其他可挥发性有机物。
激光消光测试系统：该系统用来测量尾气中碳烟的浓度(体积分数)。尾气流道圆管的末端连接一段石英玻璃管14，以便穿过入射光和散射光，进行激光消光测试。尾气气溶胶产生的散射光被消光系统探头15所收集。通过比较激光穿越尾气(含碳烟的气溶胶)前后的光强，即可得出为尾气管中碳烟的浓度(体积分数)。
激光消光测试系统用来测量碳烟的浓度(体积分数)。由于碳烟颗粒对光具有较强的散射和吸收作用，当激光产生的光束穿过尾气(含碳烟的气溶胶)时,接收器探测到的能量就会降低。同时，由于碳烟对光线的吸收能力远远大于对光的散射能力，穿越气溶胶后的光强I可由下列Lambert-Beer公式求得：
Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-000003
式中，I 0为入射光强度；L为光程长度；E为消光系数；根据光的散射理论可得碳烟的体积分数C v：
Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-000004
式中，α是修正系数，λ是激光的波长，χ是碳烟的复折射率，K(χ)是复折射率的函数，
Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-000005
通过比较激光穿越尾气(含碳烟的气溶胶)前后的光强，即可得出为尾气管中碳烟的浓度(体积分数)。
为了测得尾气流道中的碳烟颗粒浓度(体积分数)引入该系统，该系统试验装置简单，仅需要一个激光器和光电二极管，成本较低，所得数据可靠，可以获得空间一点处的碳烟体积分数，被广泛用于碳烟浓度的测试。
尾气流道圆管的末端连接一段石英玻璃管，以便其穿过入射光和散射光，进行激光消光测试。尾气气溶胶所产生的散射光被消光系统探头所收集。
反馈控制系统：将激光消光系统得到的尾气管中碳烟体积分数的信号输送到计算机16中，计算机16经过判断，将控制信号反馈给流量阀控制单元17和喷油控制单元3，以改变氮气的送气压力和喷油脉宽，从而改变碳粒输送的质量流量和可挥发有机物的数量，得到含不同碳烟浓度和可溶性有机物 浓度的混合气溶胶。
颗粒物过滤系统：在石英玻璃管14的下游接口，设置商用的颗粒物捕集器18(DPF或GPF)，用以捕获尾气中的颗粒物，防止其对大气环境造成污染。
本发明实施例中的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置结构简单、成本低廉，用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，通过多种调节方式来控制碳烟颗粒与可溶性有机物的混合浓度得到合适的混合气溶胶，更真实地模拟内燃机排气颗粒流，并通过各种测试手段获得内燃机颗粒物的演变规律。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：附图只是一个实施例的示意图，附图中的模块或流程并不一定是实施本发明所必须的。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实施例中的装置中的模块可以按照实施例描述分布于实施例的装置中，也可以进行相应变化位于不同于本实施例的一个或多个装置中。上述实施例的模块可以合并为一个模块，也可以进一步拆分成多个子模块。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，包括：
    尾气源，用于产生高温尾气流；
    尾气流道，包括多段预定长度的圆管，所述多段圆管之间固定连接；所述尾气流道一端靠近尾气源，另一端远离尾气源；
    可溶性有机物发生装置，用于产生可溶性有机物；所述可溶性有机物发生装置包括喷油器、喷油器控制单元、喷油器适配器、锥形管；所述喷油器适配器的下表面与所述锥形管的小头同心的焊接在一起，所述喷油器的喷头处于所述锥形管的正中心；所述锥形管大头通过圆柱管焊接在所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端第一距离；所述喷油器中的油是润滑油和汽油或柴油按照预定配比进行混合后的液体；
    碳粒发生装置，用于产生碳粒；所述碳粒发生装置包括烟雾箱、超声雾化器、搅拌电机、支撑板、射流真空抽气泵、高压氮气瓶；所述超声雾化器放置在烟雾箱底部；所述搅拌电机的旋转轴由所述支撑板支撑；所述支撑板放置在烟雾箱中容纳的液面上方；所述烟雾箱盖上有孔与所述射流真空抽气泵下部的抽吸口相连，所述射流真空抽气泵的进口与高压氮气瓶相连；所述射流真空抽气泵的出口通过金属输运管连接到所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端第二距离；
    热源，放置在所述烟雾箱下方，用于对所述烟雾箱加热；
    所述金属输运管的外壁缠有伴热带，所述伴热带的外围缠有保温石棉；所述伴热带末端设置有连接温控仪的热电偶的探头，用于监测所述金属输运管末端温度；
    所述尾气流道的每段圆管的下游端口位置，均设置有采样孔和测温点； 所述采样孔和测温点用于实现沿程颗粒物的采样和温度测量；
    激光消光测试系统，包括连接到所述尾气流道末端的石英玻璃管，以及用于收集散射光的探头；所述系统用于通过比较激光穿越尾气前后的光强，根据下式计算得到尾气管中碳烟体积分数C v为：
    Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-100001
    其中，α是修正系数；λ是激光的波长；L为光程长度；χ是碳烟的复折射率；K(χ)是复折射率的函数,
    Figure PCTCN2020085386-appb-100002
    I 0为入射光强；I为出射光强；
    反馈控制系统，用于将所述尾气管中碳烟的浓度与预设的阈值比较，并根据比较结果产生控制信号，并将所述控制信号反馈给所述氮气源的氮气控制单元和所述喷油器控制单元，以改变所述氮气源的送气压力和所述喷油器的脉宽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述尾气源是火焰燃烧器。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述尾气流道包括6段圆管。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述圆管长度为500mm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，各段圆管之间通过法兰和螺栓连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述锥形管大头通过圆柱管焊接在所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端100mm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述射流真空抽气泵的出口通过金属输运管连接在所述尾气流道靠近尾气源的一端，并距离所述尾气流道顶端400mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述烟雾箱中的液体为直径30nm的纳米碳粒与水的混合物。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，所述热源用于将所述烟雾箱中的液体升温至80℃。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的用于降低汽车排放的内燃机排气颗粒流演变过程模拟装置，其特征在于，还包括：颗粒物过滤系统，包括连接在所述石英玻璃管尾端的颗粒物捕集器，用于捕获尾气中的颗粒物。
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