WO2020220410A1 - 一种生活垃圾的集成处理设备 - Google Patents

一种生活垃圾的集成处理设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220410A1
WO2020220410A1 PCT/CN2019/087963 CN2019087963W WO2020220410A1 WO 2020220410 A1 WO2020220410 A1 WO 2020220410A1 CN 2019087963 W CN2019087963 W CN 2019087963W WO 2020220410 A1 WO2020220410 A1 WO 2020220410A1
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Prior art keywords
tank
aeration tank
aeration
biochemical reaction
integrated processing
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PCT/CN2019/087963
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陶文亮
王琬
李龙江
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贵州民族大学
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Publication of WO2020220410A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220410A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of domestic waste treatment, in particular to an integrated treatment equipment.
  • the present invention provides an integrated processing device to solve or at least alleviate the above problems.
  • an integrated treatment equipment including: a biochemical reaction tank suitable for introducing pre-treated domestic waste, the domestic waste includes solid waste and liquid waste, the biochemical reaction tank is suitable for treating solid waste
  • the first-level residue is obtained after the biochemical reaction treatment;
  • the reservoir is connected to the biochemical reaction tank so that the liquid garbage in the biochemical reaction tank is introduced into the reservoir for processing;
  • the aeration tank is connected to the reservoir , So that the liquid garbage treated by the storage tank is introduced into the aeration tank for processing; and a sedimentation tank is connected to the aeration tank so that the liquid garbage processed by the aeration tank is introduced into the sedimentation tank Precipitation is performed to obtain secondary residue and purified water.
  • the aeration tank includes: a first aeration tank, which is connected to the reservoir, so that the liquid garbage treated by the reservoir is introduced into the second aeration tank. Processing in an aeration tank; and a second aeration tank, which is connected to the first aeration tank, so that liquid garbage treated by the first aeration tank is introduced into the second aeration tank for processing.
  • the reservoir includes an oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator is suitable for oil-repellent treatment of the introduced liquid garbage.
  • a first aeration head is provided at the bottom of the first aeration tank, and a second aeration head is provided at the bottom of the second aeration tank.
  • a first filler layer and a second filler layer are respectively provided in the first aeration tank and the second aeration tank.
  • both the first aeration tank and the second aeration tank are provided with a constant temperature device.
  • a heat insulation layer is respectively provided between the first aeration tank and the second aeration tank, and between the second aeration tank and the sedimentation tank.
  • a trap is provided at a predetermined height in the biochemical reaction tank, and the trap is connected to the reservoir through the trap; the liquid inlet of the trap , The liquid outlet is respectively provided with a first grid and a second grid, so that the liquid garbage in the biochemical reaction tank flows through the first grid, the sump and the second grid in sequence and then enters the water storage Pool.
  • the first aeration tank and the reservoir are connected through a first pipe, and the second aeration tank and the first aeration tank are connected through a first pipe.
  • the two pipelines are connected, and the sedimentation tank and the second aeration tank are connected through a third pipeline.
  • the height ratio of the first pipe, the second pipe, and the third pipe is 1.2:1.1:1.0.
  • a first discharge pipe is provided in the biochemical reaction tank, and the first-stage residue is suitable for being discharged through the first discharge pipe; and a second discharge pipe is provided in the sedimentation tank.
  • the discharge pipe, the secondary residue is suitable for being discharged through the second discharge pipe.
  • the bottom of the biochemical reaction tank is provided with a first inclined surface, and the nozzle of the first discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the first inclined surface, so that the first-level residue It flows along the first slope to the bottom and is discharged through the first discharge pipe;
  • the bottom of the sedimentation tank is provided with a second slope, and the nozzle of the second discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the second slope, So that the secondary residue flows along the second slope to the bottom end and then is discharged through the second discharge pipe.
  • the angle between the first inclined surface and the horizontal direction is 6-9°; the angle between the second inclined surface and the horizontal direction is 6-9°.
  • the sedimentation tank is provided with a drainage pipe through it, and the purified water in the sedimentation tank is suitable for being discharged through the drainage pipe.
  • the pre-treated domestic waste includes a solid-liquid mixture of domestic sewage, food waste, human (livestock) excrement after being stirred and mixed by a mixing treatment device.
  • an integrated processing equipment which includes a biochemical reaction tank, a reservoir, a first aeration tank, a second aeration tank, and a sedimentation tank that are connected in sequence.
  • a biochemical reaction tank By inputting the pretreated domestic waste into the biochemical reaction tank, the solid waste is left in the biochemical reaction tank for treatment, and the harmless residue can be obtained and discharged.
  • the liquid waste flows through the reservoir, the first aeration tank, and Purified water can be discharged after the second aeration tank and sedimentation tank are processed step by step.
  • the integrated treatment equipment of the present invention integrates a biochemical treatment system and a water treatment system, and can centrally and comprehensively treat various biochemical wastes in the rural environment. The treatment steps are simple, and the solid residue and water quality discharge standards can be met.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an integrated processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram at A-A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram at B-B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a living reaction tank and a sedimentation tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 show schematic structural diagrams of the integrated processing device 100 of the present invention.
  • the domestic sewage, kitchen waste, human (livestock) excrement, etc. discharged in the rural environment are pre-mixed, crushed, and mixed by a mixing treatment device to obtain pretreated domestic waste.
  • the pretreated domestic waste is a mixture of solid and liquid, that is, a mixture of solid waste and liquid waste.
  • the integrated treatment equipment 100 in the present invention is suitable for integrated treatment of pre-processed domestic waste, so as to realize the centralized comprehensive treatment of various wastes discharged in the rural environment.
  • the integrated processing equipment 100 includes a biochemical reaction tank 110, a reservoir 120, a first aeration tank 130, a second aeration tank 140, and a sedimentation tank 150 that are connected in sequence.
  • the domestic waste is sequentially processed through the above-mentioned biochemical reaction tank 110, reservoir 120, first aeration tank 130, second aeration tank 140, and sedimentation tank 150.
  • only one aeration tank may be provided, and the aeration tank is connected to the reservoir 120 and the sedimentation tank 150 respectively, so that The liquid garbage treated by the reservoir 120 can be introduced into the aeration tank for further processing, and then the liquid garbage after the aeration tank is introduced into the sedimentation tank 150 for processing; in another embodiment, the aeration tank includes the above The first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140, the liquid waste treated by the storage tank 120 can be introduced into the first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140 for treatment in sequence, and then, after the second aeration tank The liquid garbage treated by the tank 140 is introduced into the sedimentation tank 150 for treatment.
  • the first aeration tank 130, the second aeration tank 140, and the sedimentation tank 150 are all independent components, which are detachably installed on the integrated processing equipment 100.
  • the specific detachable installation of the present invention The structure is not restricted.
  • the integrated processing device 100 may also be an integrated structure.
  • the biochemical reaction tank 110 is provided with a feed inlet 105, and the pretreated domestic waste can be input into the biochemical reaction tank 110 through the feed inlet 105.
  • the solid garbage in the domestic garbage is suitable for being retained in the biochemical reaction tank 110, and the biochemical reaction treatment is performed in the biochemical reaction tank 110, so that the organic matter in the solid garbage is decomposed by microorganisms to obtain a harmless first-level residue.
  • a first discharge pipe 111 connected to the outside is provided in the biochemical reaction tank 110, and the primary residue obtained after the biochemical reaction treatment can be discharged through the first discharge pipe 111.
  • the content of organic matter, potassium, sodium, calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the first-level residue meets "Agricultural Microbial Product Marking Requirements (NY885-2004)".
  • the liquid garbage in the domestic garbage will not be retained and processed in the biochemical reaction tank 110, but will continue to flow to the reservoir 120, and then pass through the reservoir 120, the first aeration tank 130, and the second aeration tank. After the tank 140 and the sedimentation tank 150 are processed step by step, purified water can be discharged.
  • the reservoir 120 is in communication with the biochemical reaction tank 110, so that the liquid garbage in the biochemical reaction tank 110 is introduced into the reservoir 120 for preliminary treatment.
  • the biochemical reaction tank 110 is provided with a water trap 115 at a predetermined height, and is connected to the reservoir 120 through the water trap 115.
  • the liquid inlet of the trap 115 is located in the biochemical reaction tank 110, and the liquid outlet of the trap 115 is located in the reservoir 120.
  • the inlet and outlet of the trap 115 are respectively provided with a first grill 113 and a second grill 123, and the first grill 113 and the second grill 123 are respectively suitable for semi-sealing the trap 115 115 liquid inlet and outlet.
  • the biochemical reaction tank 110 is provided with a first grid 113
  • the reservoir 120 is provided with a second grid 123 opposite to the first grid 113 at a corresponding position.
  • the first grille 113 and the second grille 123 are connected by a trap 115.
  • the liquid level of the liquid waste in the biochemical reaction tank 110 reaches a predetermined height (that is, the height of the liquid inlet of the trap 115), it will flow through the first grid 113, the trap 115, and The second grille 123 thus enters the reservoir 120.
  • a predetermined height that is, the height of the liquid inlet of the trap 115
  • the first grille 113 and the second grille 123 function to isolate residues to a certain extent, so as to prevent solid residues in the biochemical reaction tank 110 from entering the reservoir 120 through the trap 115.
  • the first aeration tank 130 and the reservoir 120 are in communication through a first pipe 125, and the second aeration tank 140 and the first aeration tank 130 are in communication through a second pipe 135.
  • the tank 150 and the second aeration tank 140 are in communication through a third pipe 145.
  • the liquid waste processed by the reservoir 120 can be introduced into the first aeration tank 130 through the first pipe 125 for further processing; the liquid waste processed by the first aeration tank 130 can be introduced into the second pipe 135 through the second pipe 135 Further processing is carried out in the second aeration tank 140; the liquid waste treated by the second aeration tank 140 can be introduced into the sedimentation tank 150 through the third pipe 145, and after sedimentation in the sedimentation tank 150, it can meet the discharge standard (for example, meet "Urban Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standard (GB18918-2002)" secondary standard) purified water and secondary residue.
  • the discharge standard for example, meet "Urban Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standard (GB18918-2002)" secondary standard
  • a second discharge pipe 151 is provided in the vertical direction in the sedimentation tank 150, and the second discharge pipe 151 extends to communicate with the outside.
  • the sedimentation effect of the sedimentation tank 150 can remove suspended solids in the liquid garbage. Therefore, the secondary residue (suspended matter, etc.) obtained by the precipitation can be discharged from the sedimentation tank 150 through the second discharge pipe 151.
  • the sedimentation tank 150 is also provided with a drainage pipe 152 through which the purified water obtained by precipitation in the sedimentation tank 150 can be discharged through the drainage pipe 152.
  • the reservoir 120 is suitable for oil separation treatment of the introduced liquid garbage.
  • the reservoir 120 includes an oil-water separator (not shown in the figure), and the liquid garbage is oil-separated through the oil-water separator.
  • the oil-water separator can use the difference in the specific gravity of the suspended solids in the liquid garbage and the water to achieve the purpose of oil-water separation.
  • the oil-separated liquid is introduced into the first aeration tank 130 through the first pipe 125, and is processed in the next step.
  • the first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140 are suitable for treating liquid garbage by using a biofilm treatment method, and the organic matter in the liquid garbage is decomposed by microorganisms to further purify the liquid garbage.
  • the bottom of the first aeration tank 130 is provided with a first aeration head 133
  • the bottom of the second aeration tank 140 is provided with a second aeration head 143.
  • the aeration head is suitable for dissolving oxygen in the air in the water to produce dissolved oxygen, maintaining a certain dissolved oxygen concentration in the water, so as to provide oxygen for the microbial metabolism (oxidation reaction) in the liquid garbage, and in the aeration zone Play the role of stirring and mixing the liquid, providing a stable living environment for microorganisms, so that the microorganisms can more fully degrade the organic matter in the liquid garbage.
  • the liquid garbage after the oil separation treatment in the reservoir 120 will undergo a biochemical reaction in the first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140 in turn, and gradually decompose the organic matter in the liquid garbage through microbial metabolism.
  • the aeration volume per minute of the first aeration head 133 may be, for example, 1 to 6 L/min
  • the aeration volume per minute of the second aeration head 143 may be, for example, 1 to 4 L/min.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the aeration volume per minute of the first aeration head 133 and the second aeration head 143.
  • the first aeration tank 130 and the first aeration tank 130 are respectively filled with fillers, the fillers in the first aeration tank 130 form a first filler layer 131, and the second aeration tank 140 The filler inside forms a second filler 141.
  • the first filler layer 131 and the second filler 141 can provide a stable ecological environment for the aerobic microorganisms in the first aeration tank 130 and the first aeration tank 130, so that the microorganisms can adhere It grows and multiplies on the filler and forms a biofilm on the filler.
  • the organic matter in the liquid garbage can be used as nutrients for the microorganisms and be decomposed by the microorganisms, so that the biofilm degradation can be realized
  • the organic matter in the liquid garbage has the effect of purifying the liquid garbage, and the microorganisms themselves also multiply.
  • both the first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140 are provided with a constant temperature device 134.
  • the constant temperature device 134 can provide a constant temperature environment for the first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140 , Provide a stable and favorable reaction temperature for microorganisms to decompose organic matter.
  • a heat insulation layer 160 is provided between the first aeration tank 130 and the second aeration tank 140, and between the second aeration tank 140 and the sedimentation tank 150, respectively.
  • the heat insulation layer 160 plays a role in preventing heat dissipation to prevent the temperature changes among the first aeration tank 130, the second aeration tank 140, and the sedimentation tank 150 from affecting each other, thereby preventing the liquid in each tank.
  • the bottom of the biochemical reaction tank 110 is provided with a first inclined surface 116, and the nozzle of the first discharge pipe 111 is arranged at the bottom end of the first inclined surface 116 (that is, the first inclined surface is relatively larger). The lower end), therefore, the first-level residue processed by the biochemical reaction tank 110 will flow along the first inclined surface 116 to the bottom end of the inclined surface, and then be discharged through the first discharge pipe 111.
  • the bottom of the sedimentation tank 150 is provided with a second inclined surface 156, and the nozzle of the second discharge pipe 151 is arranged at the bottom end of the second inclined surface 156 (that is, the lower end of the second inclined surface), so that the sedimentation tank 150 The latter secondary residue will flow along the second inclined surface 156 to the bottom end of the inclined surface, and then be discharged through the second discharge pipe 151.
  • the angle between the first inclined surface 116 and the horizontal direction (that is, the inclination angle of the first inclined surface 116) is 6-9°.
  • the angle between the second inclined surface 156 and the horizontal direction (that is, the inclination angle of the second inclined surface 156) is 6-9°.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the inclination angle of the first inclined surface 116 and the second inclined surface 156, as long as the inclination angle can satisfy the flow of the residue in the biochemical reaction tank 110 and the sedimentation tank 150, so that the first-level residue and the second-level The residue can be discharged through the first discharge port 111 and the second discharge port 151 respectively.
  • the volume ratio of the biochemical reaction tank 110, the reservoir 120, the first aeration tank 130, the second aeration tank 140, and the sedimentation tank 150 is 4:1:2:1:1.5, but, The present invention is not limited to this, and the volume of each reaction tank can be adjusted according to actual parameters.
  • the height ratio of the first pipe 125, the second pipe 135, and the third pipe 145 is 1.2:1.1:1.0. It should be understood that the setting of the height gradient of the three pipes is related to the cross-sectional area of each reaction tank and the height of the liquid level in each reaction tank.
  • the present invention is not limited to the ratio of the heights of the above three pipelines, as long as it can ensure that the liquid garbage treated by the reservoir 120 can be introduced into the first aeration tank 130, the second aeration tank 140, and the sedimentation tank 150 step by step. It can be processed step by step.
  • the overall material of the integrated processing equipment 100 of the present invention can be selected from various options, such as stainless steel, reinforced concrete, PP, PVC, glass fiber reinforced materials, carbon fiber reinforced materials, but not limited thereto.
  • the material of each reaction tank may be the same or different. Specifically, suitable materials may be selected according to the compatibility and corrosion resistance of the reactants.
  • the description of the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “specific embodiments”, etc. means that specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in the present invention In at least one embodiment or example.
  • the schematic representation of the above-mentioned terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

Abstract

一种集成处理设备，包括：生化反应池（110），适于导入预处理后的生活垃圾，生活垃圾包括固体垃圾和液体垃圾，生化反应池（110）适于对固定垃圾进行生化反应处理后得到一级残渣；蓄水池（120），与生化反应池（110）连通，以便生化反应池（110）内的液体垃圾导入该蓄水池（120）内进行处理；曝气池（130,140），与蓄水池（120）连通，以便经蓄水池（120）处理后的液体垃圾导入曝气池（130,140）内进行处理；以及沉淀池（150），与曝气池（130,140）连通，以便经曝气池（130,140）处理后的液体垃圾导入该沉淀池（150）内进行沉淀得到二级残渣和精华水。该集成处理设备，集成了生化处理系统和水处理系统，能实现对农村环境的各种生化垃圾集中综合处理，处理步骤简单。

Description

一种生活垃圾的集成处理设备 技术领域
本发明涉及生活垃圾处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种集成处理设备。
背景技术
随着我国城镇化建设和国民经济的发展，城乡居民生活中排放的垃圾和污水也越来越多，严重影响居民的生活环境。目前，处理城乡居民生活排放的垃圾及污水的方法，大多分开处理，其中，对于固体垃圾，通常是收集、运输、集中到垃圾填埋场填埋，或者直接焚烧；对于液体垃圾(污水)，则是通过修建污水收集管网系统，将污水引流至污水处理厂进行处理。对于这种处理方法，无论是固体垃圾的运输，还是污水处理厂的修建，均需花费大量人力和巨额资金。
另外，对于农村生活环境，由于我国有些农村地区山地繁多、农户居住分散，难免造成各种生活垃圾和污水的散排，受农村环境和地理因素影响，无论是垃圾的收集和运输，还是污水处理厂的修建，都难以实现。而且，固体垃圾和污水分别单独处理本身就是比较复杂的处理过程。若农村生活垃圾不能集中起来处理，不仅会影响农村的生活环境，而且，垃圾中的有机物很容易滋生病菌，必然会对当地人们的健康造成一定的影响。
发明内容
为此，本发明提供了一种集成处理设备，以解决或至少缓解上面存在的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种集成处理设备，包括：生化反应池，适于导入预处理后的生活垃圾，生活垃圾包括固体垃圾和液体垃圾，所述生化反应池适于对固体垃圾进行生化反应处理后得到一级残渣；蓄水池，与所述生化反应池连通，以便所述生化反应池内的液体垃圾导入该蓄水池内进行 处理；曝气池，与所述蓄水池连通，以便经所述蓄水池处理后的液体垃圾导入所述曝气池内进行处理；以及沉淀池，与所述曝气池连通，以便经所述曝气池处理后的液体垃圾导入该沉淀池内进行沉淀得到二级残渣和净化水。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述曝气池包括：第一曝气池，与所述蓄水池连通，以便经所述蓄水池处理后的液体垃圾导入该第一曝气池内进行处理；以及第二曝气池，与所述第一曝气池连通，以便经所述第一曝气池处理后的液体垃圾导入该第二曝气池内进行处理。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述蓄水池包括油水分离器，所述油水分离器适于对导入的液体垃圾进行隔油处理。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一曝气池的底部设有第一曝气头，所述第二曝气池的底部设有第二曝气头。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一曝气池、第二曝气池内分别设有第一填料层、第二填料层。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一曝气池、第二曝气池内均设有恒温装置。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一曝气池与第二曝气池之间、第二曝气池与沉淀池之间分别设有隔热层。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述生化反应池内的预定高度处设有存水弯，并通过该存水弯与所述蓄水池连通；存水弯的进液口、出液口分别设有第一格栅、第二格栅，以便所述生化反应池内的液体垃圾依次流经所述第一格栅、存水弯以及第二格栅后进入所述蓄水池。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一曝气池与所述蓄水池通过第一管道连通，所述第二曝气池与所述第一曝气池通过第二管道连通，所述沉淀池与所述第二曝气池通过第三管道连通。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一管道、第二管道、第三管道的高度之比为1.2:1.1:1.0。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述生化反应池内设有第一排料管，所述一级残渣适于经第一排料管排出；所述沉淀池内设有第二排料管，所述二级残渣适于经第二排料管排出。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述生化反应池的底部设有第一斜面，第一排料管的管口布置在所述第一斜面的底端，以便一级残渣沿第一斜面流动至底端后经所述第一排料管排出；所述沉淀池的底部设有第二斜面，第二排料管的管口布置在所述第二斜面的底端，以便二级残渣沿第二斜面流动至底端后经所述第二排料管排出。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述第一斜面与水平方向的夹角为6～9°；所述第二斜面与水平方向的夹角为6～9°。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述沉淀池贯通设有排水管，所述沉淀池内的净化水适于通过所述排水管排出。
可选地，在根据本发明的集成处理设备中，所述预处理后的生活垃圾包括生活污水、餐厨垃圾、人(畜)排泄物经混合处理装置进行搅拌、混合处理后的固液混合物。
根据本发明的技术方案，提供了一种集成处理设备，包括依次连通的生化反应池、蓄水池、第一曝气池、第二曝气池以及沉淀池。通过将预处理后的生活垃圾输入至生化反应池，其中，固体垃圾留存在生化反应池内进行处理后可得到无害化残渣并排放，液体垃圾依次流经蓄水池、第一曝气池、第二曝气池、沉淀池逐级处理后可得到净化水排放。可见，本发明的集成处理设备，集成了生化处理系统和水处理系统，可对农村环境的各种生化垃圾集中综合处理，不仅处理步骤简单，而且能满足固体残渣和水质的排放标准。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了实现上述以及相关目的，本文结合下面的描述和附图来描述某些说明性方面，这些方面指示了可以实践本文所公开的原理的各种方式，并且所有方面及其等效方面旨在落入所要求保护的主题的范围内。通过结合附图阅读下面的详细描述，本公开的上述以及其它目的、特征和优势将变得更加明显。遍及本公开，相同的附图标记通常指代相同的部件或元素。
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的集成处理设备的结构示意图；
图2示出了图1中A-A处的剖面结构示意图；
图3示出了图1中B-B处的剖面结构示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明一个实施例中的生活反应池与沉淀池的内部结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如前文所述，现有技术中针对农村环境的垃圾处理设备，在使用过程中或多或少存在一定的功能缺陷，因此本发明提出了一种性能更优化的集成处理设备100。图1至图4示出了本发明的集成处理设备100的结构示意图。
需要说明的是，农村环境中排放的生活污水，餐厨垃圾、人(畜)排泄物等预先经混合处理装置进行搅拌、粉碎、混合后，得到预处理后的生活垃圾。预处理后的生活垃圾是固液混合物，即是包括固体垃圾和液体垃圾的混合物。本发明中的集成处理设备100适于对预处理后的生活垃圾进行集成处理，从而实现对农村环境中排放的各种垃圾的集中综合处理。
如图1至图4所示，集成处理设备100包括依次连通的生化反应池110、蓄水池120、第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150。通过将预处理后的生活垃圾输入生化反应池110，生活垃圾依次经上述生化反应池110、蓄水池120、第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150逐级处理后可得到净化水。应当指出，本发明不限于曝气池的具体数量，换言之，在一种实施方式中，可以只设置一个曝气池，该曝气池分别与蓄水池120、沉淀池150连通，从而，经蓄水池120处理后的液体垃圾可导入曝气池进行下一步处理，进而，经曝气池处理后的液体垃圾导入沉淀池150进行处理；在另一种实施方式中，曝气池包括上述第一曝气池130和第二曝气池140，经蓄水池120处理后的液体垃圾可依次导入第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140进行处理，进而， 经第二曝气池140处理后的液体垃圾导入沉淀池150进行处理。
根据一种实施方式，第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150均为独立的部件，其可拆卸地安装于集成处理设备100上，本发明对其可拆卸安装的具体结构不做限制。此外，集成处理设备100也可以是一体式结构。
根据一个实施例，生化反应池110上设有进料口105,预处理后的生活垃圾可通过该进料口105输入至生化反应池110内。其中，生活垃圾中的固体垃圾适于留存在生化反应池110内，并在生化反应池110内进行生化反应处理，使固体垃圾中的有机物经过微生物分解后得到无害化的一级残渣。另外，如图4所示，生化反应池110内设有连通至外界的第一排料管111，经生化反应处理后得到的一级残渣可通过第一排料管111排出。根据一个实施例，一级残渣中有机质、钾、钠、钙、氮、磷含量符合《农用微生物产品标志要求(NY885-2004)》。
应当指出，生活垃圾中的液体垃圾并不会在生化反应池110内留存和处理，而是继续流向蓄水池120，并依次经蓄水池120、第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150逐级处理后可得到净化水排出。
进一步地，如图1和图2所示，蓄水池120与生化反应池110连通，从而使生化反应池110内的液体垃圾导入至蓄水池120内进行初步处理。
根据一种实施方式，如图2所示，生化反应池110内在预定高度处设有存水弯115，并通过存水弯115与蓄水池120连通。存水弯115的进液口位于生化反应池110内，存水弯115的出液口位于蓄水池120内。此外，存水弯115的进液口、出液口处分别设有第一格栅113、第二格栅123，第一格栅113、第二格栅123分别适于半封堵存水弯115的进液口、出液口。换言之，生化反应池110内设有第一格栅113，蓄水池120内在对应的位置设有与第一格栅113相对的第二格栅123。第一格栅113与第二格栅123之间通过存水弯115连接。
这样，当生化反应池110内的液体垃圾的液面达到预定高度(即是存水弯115的进液口所在的高度)后，便会依次流经第一格栅113、存水弯115以及第二格栅123，从而进入蓄水池120内。应当理解，第一格栅113、第二格栅123起到一定的隔离残渣作用，从而避免生化反应池110内的固体残渣通 过存水弯115进入蓄水池120内。
根据一个实施例，如图3所示，第一曝气池130与蓄水池120通过第一管道125连通，第二曝气池140与第一曝气池130通过第二管道135连通，沉淀池150与第二曝气池140通过第三管道145连通。这样，经蓄水池120处理后的液体垃圾可通过第一管道125导入第一曝气池130内进行进一步处理；经第一曝气池130处理后的液体垃圾可通过第二管道135导入第二曝气池140内进行更进一步处理；经第二曝气池140处理后的液体垃圾可通过第三管道145导入沉淀池150内，并经过沉淀池150沉淀后可得到满足排放标准(例如满足《城镇污水综合排放标准(GB18918-2002)》二级标准)的净化水和二级残渣。
进一步地，如图3和图4所示，沉淀池150内沿竖直方向设有第二排料管151，第二排料管151延伸至与外界连通。利用沉淀池150的沉淀作用可去除液体垃圾中的悬浮物。从而，经沉淀得到的二级残渣(悬浮物等)可通过第二排料管151从沉淀池150内排出。另外，沉淀池150还贯通设有排水管152，经沉淀池150沉淀得到的净化水可通过该排水管152排出。
其中，蓄水池120适于对导入的液体垃圾进行隔油处理。具体地，蓄水池120包括油水分离器(图中未示出)，并通过油水分离器对液体垃圾进行隔油处理。油水分离器可利用液体垃圾中悬浮物与水的比重不同而达到油水分离的目的。进而，经隔油处理后的液体通过第一管道125导入至第一曝气池130中，并进行下一步处理。
根据一个实施例，第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140适于利用生物膜处理法处理液体垃圾，通过微生物分解液体垃圾中的有机物，使液体垃圾得到进一步净化。
根据一种实施方式，如图3所示，第一曝气池130的底部设有第一曝气头133，第二曝气池140的底部设有第二曝气头143。应当理解，曝气头适于将空气中的氧气溶解于水中从而产生溶解氧，保持水中具有一定的溶解氧浓度，从而为液体垃圾内的微生物代谢(氧化反应)提供氧气，并在曝气区起到搅拌和混合液体的作用，为微生物提供稳定的生存环境，使微生物能更充分地降解液体垃圾中的有机物。这样，经蓄水池120隔油处理后的液体垃圾 会依次在第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140内进行生化反应，通过微生物代谢逐步分解液体垃圾中的有机物。
其中，第一曝气头133每分钟的曝气量例如可以为1～6L/min，第二曝气头143每分钟的曝气量例如可以为1～4L/min。这里，本发明对第一曝气头133、第二曝气头143每分钟的曝气量不做具体限制。
进一步地，如图3所示，第一曝气池130和第一曝气池130内分别填充有填料，第一曝气池130内的填料形成第一填料层131，第二曝气池140内的填料形成第二填料141，第一填料层131和第二填料141能分别为第一曝气池130、第一曝气池130内的好氧微生物提供稳定的生态环境，使微生物能附着在填料上生长繁殖，并在填料上形成生物膜。这样，当液体垃圾流经第一曝气池130、第一曝气池130内的生物膜时，由于液体垃圾中的有机物能作为微生物的营养物质而被微生物分解，从而能实现利用生物膜降解液体垃圾中的有机物、使液体垃圾被净化的效果，并且，微生物自身也得到繁衍增殖。
如图3所示，第一曝气池130和第二曝气池140内均设有恒温装置134，通过恒温装置134能为第一曝气池130和第二曝气池140提供恒温的环境，为微生物分解有机物提供稳定、有利的反应温度。
此外，如图3所示，第一曝气池130与第二曝气池140之间、第二曝气池140与沉淀池150之间分别设有隔热层160。应当理解，隔热层160起到一定的阻止热量耗散的作用，防止第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150之间的温度变化相互影响，从而为各个池内的液体提供稳定的温度环境。通过隔热层160与恒温装置134联合作用，保证第一曝气池130和第二曝气池140内的反应温度为20～30℃之间。
根据一个实施例，如图4所示，生化反应池110的底部设有第一斜面116，第一排料管111的管口布置在第一斜面116的底端(即是第一斜面上较低的一端)，从而，经生化反应池110处理得到的一级残渣会沿该第一斜面116流动至斜面底端，进而经第一排料管111排出。
沉淀池150的底部设有第二斜面156，第二排料管151的管口布置在第二斜面156的底端(即是第二斜面上较低的一端)，从而，经沉淀池150沉淀后的二级残渣会沿该第二斜面156流动至斜面底端，进而经第二排料管151 排出。
根据一个实施例，第一斜面116与水平方向的夹角(即是第一斜面116的倾斜角)为6～9°。第二斜面156与水平方向的夹角(即是第二斜面156的倾斜角)为6～9°。这里，本发明对第一斜面116、第二斜面156的倾斜角度不做具体限制，只要其倾斜角度能满足生化反应池110、沉淀池150内的残渣的流动，从而使一级残渣、二级残渣分别经第一排料口111、第二排料口151排出即可。
根据一种实施方式，生化反应池110、蓄水池120、第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150的体积之比为4:1:2:1:1.5，但，本发明不限于此，各个反应池的体积可根据实际参数进行调整。
另外，如图3所示，第一管道125、第二管道135、第三管道145的高度之比为1.2:1.1:1.0。应当理解，三个管道高度梯度的设置与各个反应池的横截面积以及各个反应池内的液面高度有关。本发明不限于上述三个管道的高度之比，只要能保证经蓄水池120处理后的液体垃圾能逐级导入至第一曝气池130、第二曝气池140、沉淀池150内进行逐级处理即可。
需要说明的是，本发明的集成处理设备100整体的材质可以有多种选择，例如可以是不锈钢、钢筋混凝土、PP、PVC、玻纤增强材料、碳纤增强材料，但不限于此。另外，各个反应池的材质可以相同，也可以不同，具体可根据反应物的相容性和耐腐蚀性来选用合适的材料。
本说明书的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解。此外，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或单元必须具有特定的方向、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、 结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
在此处所提供的说明书中，说明了大量具体细节。然而，能够理解，本发明的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下被实践。在一些实例中，并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术，以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种集成处理设备，包括：
    生化反应池，适于导入预处理后的生活垃圾，生活垃圾包括固体垃圾和液体垃圾，所述生化反应池适于对固体垃圾进行生化反应处理后得到一级残渣；
    蓄水池，与所述生化反应池连通，以便所述生化反应池内的液体垃圾导入该蓄水池内进行处理；
    曝气池，与所述蓄水池连通，以便经所述蓄水池处理后的液体垃圾导入所述曝气池内进行处理；以及
    沉淀池，与所述曝气池连通，以便经所述曝气池处理后的液体垃圾导入该沉淀池内进行沉淀得到二级残渣和净化水。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的集成处理设备，其中，所述曝气池包括：
    第一曝气池，与所述蓄水池连通，以便经所述蓄水池处理后的液体垃圾导入该第一曝气池内进行处理；以及
    第二曝气池，与所述第一曝气池连通，以便经所述第一曝气池处理后的液体垃圾导入该第二曝气池内进行处理。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述蓄水池包括油水分离器，所述油水分离器适于对导入的液体垃圾进行隔油处理。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一曝气池的底部设有第一曝气头，所述第二曝气池的底部设有第二曝气头。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一曝气池、第二曝气池内分别设有第一填料层、第二填料层。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一曝气池、第二曝气池内均设有恒温装置。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一曝气池与第二曝气池之间、第二曝气池与沉淀池之间分别设有隔热层。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述生化反应池内的预定高度处设有存水弯，并通过该存水弯与所述蓄水池连通；
    存水弯的进液口、出液口分别设有第一格栅、第二格栅，以便所述生化反应池内的液体垃圾依次流经所述第一格栅、存水弯以及第二格栅后进入所述蓄水池。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一曝气池与所述蓄水池通过第一管道连通，
    所述第二曝气池与所述第一曝气池通过第二管道连通，
    所述沉淀池与所述第二曝气池通过第三管道连通。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一管道、第二管道、第三管道的高度之比为1.2:1.1:1.0。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述生化反应池内设有第一排料管，所述一级残渣适于经第一排料管排出；
    所述沉淀池内设有第二排料管，所述二级残渣适于经第二排料管排出。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述生化反应池的底部设有第一斜面，第一排料管的管口布置在所述第一斜面的底端，以便一级残渣沿第一斜面流动至底端后经所述第一排料管排出；
    所述沉淀池的底部设有第二斜面，第二排料管的管口布置在所述第二斜面的底端，以便二级残渣沿第二斜面流动至底端后经所述第二排料管排出。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述第一斜面与水平方向的夹角为6～9°；
    所述第二斜面与水平方向的夹角为6～9°。
  14. 如权利要求1-13任一项所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述沉淀池贯通设有排水管，所述沉淀池内的净化水适于通过所述排水管排出。
  15. 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的集成处理设备，其中：
    所述预处理后的生活垃圾包括生活污水、餐厨垃圾、人(畜)排泄物经混合处理装置进行搅拌、混合处理后的固液混合物。
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