WO2020220256A1 - 一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置 - Google Patents

一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置 Download PDF

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WO2020220256A1
WO2020220256A1 PCT/CN2019/085169 CN2019085169W WO2020220256A1 WO 2020220256 A1 WO2020220256 A1 WO 2020220256A1 CN 2019085169 W CN2019085169 W CN 2019085169W WO 2020220256 A1 WO2020220256 A1 WO 2020220256A1
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stage
shaped tube
section
refrigerant water
cooling
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French (fr)
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谢晓云
江亿
朱超逸
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of refrigerators or heat pump systems, and is specifically a pressure isolation device for preventing steam penetration.
  • Lithium bromide absorption heat pumps or absorption chillers are widely used in heating systems and various industrial processes.
  • the stability and good performance of unit operation are the key to unit design and development.
  • the unit runs in a vacuum environment. There are multiple cavities inside the unit.
  • the working fluid (such as lithium bromide solution, refrigerant water) will flow between the multiple cavities.
  • the cavities are generally connected by a U-shaped tube as a flow pressure isolation device. , U-shaped tube can not only provide working fluid flow channel, but also play a role of stably isolating the pressure of two cavities.
  • the present invention provides a pressure isolation device to prevent steam penetration, which is characterized by comprising: a U-shaped tube inlet section, a U-shaped tube outlet section, and a U-shaped tube cooling section.
  • the pipe inlet section, the U-shaped pipe cooling section and the U-shaped pipe outlet section are connected in sequence, the U-shaped pipe inlet section is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the high pressure cavity, and the U-shaped pipe outlet section is connected with the low pressure cavity liquid refrigerant water inlet.
  • the fluid in the cooling section of the U-shaped tube is cooled and heat exchanged, thereby preventing the vapor penetration of the pressure isolation device.
  • the cooling and heat exchange of the fluid in the cooling section of the U-shaped tube is to reduce the temperature of the fluid in the cooling section of the pressure-isolating U-shaped tube to below the saturation temperature corresponding to the outlet pressure of the U-shaped tube outlet section to ensure the cooling section and the outlet of the U-shaped tube
  • the fluid in the section flows in a pure liquid state.
  • the cooling and heat exchange of the fluid in the cooling section of the U-shaped tube is realized by cooling and heat exchange by a stream of low-temperature fluid or direct heat exchange inside the unit.
  • the cooling and heat exchange by a stream of low-temperature fluid is: a heat exchanger is installed outside the U-shaped tube cooling section to exchange heat with the low-temperature fluid, wherein the hot side of the heat exchanger is the U-shaped tube cooling section, which is connected to the heat exchanger
  • the low-temperature fluid in the cold-side pipe of the heat exchanger on the cold side is the low-temperature refrigerant water in the chiller tank in the unit, the cooling water of the unit or other available cold sources.
  • the unit is a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator, and the U-shaped tube inlet section and the U-shaped tube outlet section of each level are respectively connected to the condenser and the evaporator of the same level; at the same time, the lower-level refrigerant water tank is used.
  • the refrigerant water is used as the cold side fluid of the heat exchanger of this stage, and the refrigerant water of the lowest level refrigerant water tank is also used as the cold side fluid of the heat exchanger of this stage.
  • the direct heat exchange from the inside of the unit is: installing a horizontal tube at the position where the U-shaped tube cooling section is connected to the U-shaped tube inlet section and the position where the U-shaped tube cooling section connects with the U-shaped tube outlet section.
  • the U-shaped tube cooling section that crosses the horizontal tube is immersed in the refrigerant water of the low-temperature refrigerant tank in the unit; the flow resistance of the U-shaped tube cooling section is reduced.
  • the unit is a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator, and the U-shaped tube inlet section and the U-shaped tube outlet section of each level are respectively connected to the condenser and the evaporator of the same level; at the same time, the U-shaped tube cooling section of each level passes through the horizontal
  • the pipe is connected to the lower-level refrigerant water tank, and the refrigerant water in the lower-level refrigerant water tank is used to exchange heat for the fluid in the cooling section of the U-shaped tube at this level.
  • the agent water is also used as the cold side fluid of the cooling section of the U-shaped tube at this level.
  • the unit is a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator, and the U-shaped tube inlet section and the U-shaped tube outlet section are respectively connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the last stage condenser and the liquid refrigerant water inlet of the first stage evaporator.
  • the unit is a second type absorption heat pump, the U-shaped tube inlet section is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the evaporator, and the U-shaped tube outlet section is connected with the condenser liquid refrigerant water inlet.
  • a small change can solve the common vapor penetration problem of the absorber, which can greatly improve the refrigeration COP of various existing absorbers.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a pressure isolating device for preventing steam penetration according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an elevation view of embodiment 1 of the present invention when the heat exchanger is not turned on, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow is generated to cause steam to penetrate;
  • Figure 3 is an elevation view of the fluid cooling to form a pure liquid flow after the heat exchanger is turned on in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 6 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 7 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a pressure isolating device for preventing vapor penetration, which can be used as a pressure isolating device between any two cavities in the process of liquid flowing from a high pressure cavity to a low pressure cavity in a lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigeration unit.
  • a pressure isolation device between the condenser and the evaporator Such as the pressure isolation device between the condenser and the evaporator, the pressure isolation device between the generator and the absorber, etc.
  • the principle and effect of the device of the present invention will be explained by taking the pressure isolation device between the condenser and the evaporator in a lithium bromide absorption heat pump or a refrigeration unit as an example.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 1 to 3 includes: U-shaped tube inlet section 1, U-shaped tube outlet section 2 and U-shaped tube cooling section 9, wherein U-shaped tube inlet section 1, U-shaped tube cooling section Section 9 and U-shaped pipe outlet section 2 are connected in sequence, U-shaped pipe inlet section 1 is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the condenser 4 of the high-pressure cavity, and U-shaped pipe outlet section 2 is connected with the evaporator 5 of the low-pressure cavity liquid refrigerant
  • the water inlet is connected; the generator 10 and the absorber 11 are connected by a solution pipeline, the condenser 4 and the evaporator are connected by a refrigerant water pipeline, the generator 10 and the condenser 4 are separated and connected by a liquid baffle, and the absorber 11 is connected with the evaporator
  • the device 5 is separated and connected by a liquid baffle; the solution tank 12 and the refrigerant water tank 7 are placed at the bottom of the unit.
  • the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 is exchanged during operation to achieve cooling and cooling of the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 of the pressure isolation device.
  • the outlet pressure of the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 corresponds to one
  • the temperature of the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 can be reduced to the saturation temperature or lower to ensure that the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 and the outlet section 2 flows in a pure liquid state.
  • the fluid density is The existing pressure isolating device forms 3 to 4 times the density of the fluid after the two-phase flow is formed, which increases the pressure isolating capacity of the entire pressure isolating device (U-shaped tube) by 3 to 4 times, thereby avoiding the appearance of the pressure isolating device (U-shaped tube) Steam penetration.
  • the outlet pressure of the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 corresponds to the steam saturation temperature of 30°C, as long as the fluid temperature in the U-shaped tube is reduced to 30°C or below, the pure liquid flow in the tube can be guaranteed.
  • Example 1 the heat exchange of the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 is realized by a stream of low-temperature fluid through the external heat exchanger for cooling and heat exchange.
  • the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 is equipped with a heat exchange
  • the heat exchanger 3 exchanges heat with the low-temperature fluid.
  • the hot side of the heat exchanger 3 is a U-shaped tube cooling section 9, and the low-temperature fluid in the cold side pipe 6 of the heat exchanger connected to the cold side of the heat exchanger 3 is cold water in the unit Low-temperature refrigerant water in the agent tank 7, cooling water of the unit or other available cold sources;
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator in a single-stage, single-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator unit.
  • the supercooling of the fluid is achieved by cooling the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 of the pressure isolating device, eliminating the two-phase flow in the tube, improving the pressure isolating capacity of the pressure isolating device (U-shaped tube), and preventing the steam penetration. ; In the effect test, effectively avoid the problem of steam penetration.
  • Embodiment 2 in Figure 4 As shown in Embodiment 2 in Figure 4, the undescribed parts are the same as Embodiment 1;
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator in a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator unit (such as the unit disclosed in Chinese Patent No.
  • the generator that is, the generator 10 and the condenser 4 in the unit are divided into m sections (2 ⁇ m ⁇ 20), respectively, the first section generator 10001, the second section generator 10002...the twentieth section generator 10020, and the first-stage condenser 4001, the second-stage condenser 4002...the twentieth-stage condenser 4020;
  • the absorber 11 and the evaporator 5 in the unit are divided into n sections (2 ⁇ n ⁇ 20), They are the first stage absorber 11001, the second stage absorber 11002...the twentieth stage absorber 11020, and the first stage evaporator 5001, the second stage evaporator 5002...the twentieth stage evaporator 5020 ;
  • the last stage of the condenser (the twentieth stage condenser 4020) and the first stage evaporator (the first stage evaporator 5001) use a pressure isolation device (U-tube) for pressure isolation;
  • the U-shaped tube inlet section 1 and the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 are respectively connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the last stage condenser and the liquid refrigerant water inlet of the first stage evaporator;
  • the U-shaped tube inlet section 1 is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the twentieth section condenser 4020, and the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the first section evaporator 5001.
  • the water inlet is connected.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in Embodiment 3 in Figure 5, the undescribed parts are the same as Embodiment 1;
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator of each absorption cycle in a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator unit.
  • the unit consists of p-stage (2 ⁇ p ⁇ 20) lithium bromide absorbers in series, each stage includes an independent generator 10, absorber 11, solution tank 12, condenser 4, evaporator 5, and refrigerant water tank 7; And the condenser and evaporator in each stage use a pressure isolation device (U-shaped tube) for pressure isolation; according to the pressure of the evaporator 5 from high to low, it is divided into the first stage, the second stage...the p stage ;
  • the inlet section 1 of the U-shaped tube and the outlet section 2 of the U-shaped tube are respectively connected to the condenser and the evaporator of the same stage; at the same time, the refrigerant water in the lower-level refrigerant water tank is used as the cooling of the heat exchanger 3 of the current stage.
  • the refrigerant water in the lowest-level refrigerant water tank is also used as the cold-side fluid of the heat exchanger 3 of the current stage.
  • the 20-stage heat exchanger 3 when p is equal to 20, it includes a 20-stage heat exchanger 3, a 20-stage condenser 4, a 20-stage evaporator 5, a 20-stage refrigerant water tank 7, and a 20-stage generator 10 (respectively The first-stage generator 10101, the second-stage generator 10102...the twentieth-stage generator 10120), the 20-stage absorber 11 (respectively the first-stage absorber 11101, the second-stage absorber 11102...
  • the twentieth-stage absorber 11120) and the 20-stage solution tank 12 (respectively the first-stage solution tank 12101, the second-stage solution tank 12102...the twentieth-stage solution tank 12120); 20 U-shaped pipe inlet sections 1 Connect the first-stage condenser 4101 of the first stage, the second-stage condenser 4102 of the second stage, and the nineteenth-stage condenser of the 19th (p-1) and the 20th (p)-stage condenser respectively.
  • the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the twentieth stage condenser 4120, and 20 U-shaped pipe outlet sections 2 are respectively connected to the first stage evaporator 5101 of the first stage, the second stage evaporator 5102 of the second stage...19th
  • the U-tube pipeline heat exchanger 3 uses the third-stage third-stage refrigerant water tank to pass the refrigerant water into the second-stage U-tube pipeline heat exchanger 3...
  • the refrigerant water of the nineteenth stage refrigerant water tank is passed into the 18th stage U-tube pipe heat exchanger 3, and the refrigerant water of the 20th stage twentieth stage refrigerant water tank 7020 is passed into the 19th stage.
  • the second-stage U-tube pipeline heat exchanger 3 also uses the twentieth-stage refrigerant water tank 7020 to pass the refrigerant water into the 20th-stage U-tube pipeline heat exchanger 3.
  • Embodiment 4 in Figure 6 the undescribed parts are the same as Embodiment 1;
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator of a second type absorption heat pump unit, in which the U-shaped pipe inlet section 1 and the evaporator 5 are liquid refrigerant water The outlet is connected, and the outlet section 2 of the U-shaped tube is connected with the liquid refrigerant water inlet of the condenser 4.
  • Embodiment 5 in FIG. 7 the undescribed parts are the same as Embodiment 1;
  • the heat exchange of the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 is realized by direct immersion cooling and heat exchange inside the unit.
  • the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 is connected to the U-shaped tube inlet section 1.
  • a horizontal tube 8 is added to the position and the position where the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 and the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 are connected, respectively, and the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 that is installed through the horizontal tube 8 is immersed into the low-temperature refrigerant water tank 7 in the unit
  • the heat exchanger 3 is omitted by modifying the pressure isolation device (U-shaped tube) pipeline itself, and the flow resistance of the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 is reduced.
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and the evaporator in the same single-stage single-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or absorption chiller.
  • Embodiment 6 As shown in Embodiment 6 in Figure 8, the undescribed parts are the same as Embodiment 5;
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator in a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or a chiller unit, that is, the generator 10 and the condenser 4 in the unit All are divided into m sections (2 ⁇ m ⁇ 20), respectively the first section generator 10001, the second section generator 10002...the twentieth section generator 10020, and the first section condenser 4001, the second section Condenser 4002...20th stage condenser 4020; the absorber 11 and evaporator 5 in the unit are divided into n stages (2 ⁇ n ⁇ 20), respectively, the first stage absorber 11001 and the second stage absorption
  • a pressure isolating device U-shaped tube
  • the U-shaped tube inlet section 1 and the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 are respectively connected to the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the last stage condenser and the liquid refrigerant water inlet of the first stage evaporator;
  • the U-shaped tube inlet section 1 is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the twentieth section condenser 4020, and the U-shaped tube outlet section 2 is connected with the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the first section evaporator 5001.
  • the water inlet is connected.
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator of each absorption cycle in a multi-stage lithium bromide absorption heat pump or refrigerator unit; the unit consists of p-stage ( 2 ⁇ p ⁇ 20) lithium bromide absorbers are formed in series, each stage includes independent generator 10, absorber 11, solution tank 12, condenser 4, evaporator 5, refrigerant water tank 7; Both the condenser and the evaporator use a pressure isolation device (U-shaped tube) for pressure isolation; according to the pressure of the evaporator 5, it is divided into the first stage, the second stage...the p stage from high to low.
  • p-stage ( 2 ⁇ p ⁇ 20) lithium bromide absorbers are formed in series, each stage includes independent generator 10, absorber 11, solution tank 12, condenser 4, evaporator 5, refrigerant water tank 7;
  • Both the condenser and the evaporator use a pressure isolation device (U-shaped tube) for pressure isolation;
  • the U-shaped pipe inlet section 1 and U-shaped pipe outlet section 2 of each level are respectively connected to the condenser and the evaporator of the same level; at the same time, the U-shaped pipe cooling section 9 of each level is connected to the lower level refrigerant water tank through the horizontal pipe In the middle, the refrigerant water in the lower-level refrigerant water tank is used to exchange heat for the fluid in the U-shaped tube cooling section 9 of this level, and the refrigerant water in the lowest level refrigerant water tank is also used as the U-shaped tube cooling at the same time Section 9 of the cold side fluid.
  • the 20-stage heat exchanger 3 when p is equal to 20, it includes a 20-stage heat exchanger 3, a 20-stage condenser 4, a 20-stage evaporator 5, a 20-stage refrigerant water tank 7, and a 20-stage generator 10 (respectively The first-stage generator 10101, the second-stage generator 10102...the nineteenth-stage generator 10119 and the twentieth-stage generator 10120), the 20-stage absorber 11 (respectively the first-stage absorber 11101, the Secondary absorber 11102...19th-stage generator 11119 and 20th-stage absorber 11120) and 20-stage solution tank 12 (respectively the first-stage solution tank 12101, the second-stage solution tank 12102...
  • the nineteenth stage solution tank 12119 and the twentieth stage solution tank 12120); 20 U-shaped pipe inlet sections 1 are respectively connected to the first condenser 4101 of the first stage, the second condenser 4102 of the second stage...
  • the liquid refrigerant water outlet of the 20(p)-stage twentieth-stage condenser 4120, and 20 U-shaped pipe outlet sections 2 are respectively connected to the first-stage evaporator 5101 of the first stage and the second-stage evaporator of the second stage 5102...
  • the condenser 4 and the evaporator 5 connected to the pressure isolation device are the condenser and evaporator of a second type absorption heat pump unit, in which the U-shaped pipe inlet section 1 and the evaporator 5 are liquid refrigerant water The outlet is connected, and the outlet section 2 of the U-shaped tube is connected with the liquid 4 refrigerant water inlet of the condenser.

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Abstract

一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，包括：U型管进口段（1）、U型管冷却段（9）和U型管出口段（2），其中U型管进口段（1）、U型管冷却段（9）和U型管出口段（2）顺序相连；U型管进口段（1）与高压腔体液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段（2）与低压腔体液态冷剂水入口相连。通过对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热，防止隔压装置出现蒸汽穿透。将U型管内的工质温度降至闪蒸温度以下，保证管内不出现蒸汽穿透现象，从而可以提高现有吸收机的制冷COP。

Description

一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置 技术领域
本发明属于制冷机或热泵系统技术领域，具体为一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置。
背景技术
溴化锂吸收式热泵或吸收式制冷机被广泛应用于供暖系统以及各类工业过程当中，机组运行的稳定性以及良好性能是机组设计研发的关键。机组运行在真空环境下，机组内部存在多个腔体，工质(如溴化锂溶液、冷剂水)将在多个腔体之间流动，腔体间一般通过U型管作为流动隔压装置连接，U型管既可提供工质流动通道，又可起到稳定隔绝两个腔体压力的作用。当高压腔体中的工质流向低压腔体，将在流动隔压装置内出现剧烈闪蒸，形成激烈的气液两相流动，造成管内流体平均密度大幅降低，这使得隔压装置(U型管)实际隔压能力比设计值降低60％以上，当U型管两端腔体压差较高时，U型管液位消失，通过液封隔绝两腔体压力作用消失，两个腔体的蒸汽出现穿透。尤其是当冷凝器到蒸发器的冷凝U型管出现蒸汽穿透后，将使得机组制冷量降低，COP大幅降低；因此应采用流程结构优化避免这一问题。
申请人发现，隔压用U型管蒸汽穿透的原因是内部工质流动出现两相流动(相变)的过程，这种真空下出现的自发的闪蒸相变产生气液两相流动过程在吸收式热泵或吸收式制冷机领域首次被发现，在传统两相流动研究领域也很少见，因此现有研究及发明中并无可以防止U型管隔压装置蒸汽穿透的方法或装置；当管内出现两相流动时，现有所有机组根本没有高度条件设计那么高的U型管来所需要的维持压力差；具体来说需要约6～8m高的U型管才能维持压差；但是这超过了所有溴化锂吸收式热泵或吸收式制冷机的高度。
针对这一问题，我们提出一种全新的用于防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置及方法；在溴化锂吸收式热泵或吸收式制冷机机组的流程中寻找合适的冷源，在不影响机组性能的前提下以各种不同的换热方式对通过隔压装置(U型管)的流体进行冷却降温，从而避免两相流动及蒸汽穿透问题；在维持隔压装置(U型管)隔压方式的同时，仅通过的微小改变就可解决吸收机普遍存在的蒸汽穿透问题，从而可以大幅提高现有各类吸收机的制冷COP。
发明内容
针对背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，包括：U型管进口段、U型管出口段和U型管冷却段，其中U型管进口段、U型管冷却段和U型管出口段顺序相连，U型管进口段与高压腔体液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段与低压腔体液态冷剂水入口相连，通过对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热，从而防止隔压装置出现蒸汽穿透。
所述对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热是将隔压U型管冷却段内流体的温度降至U型管出口段出口压力对应饱和温度以下，确保U型管冷却段和出口段内的流体以纯液态流动。
所述对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热的实现方式为：由一股低温流体冷却换热或由机组内部直接换热。
所述由一股低温流体冷却换热为：在U型管冷却段外加装换热器与低温流体进行换热，其中换热器的热侧为U型管冷却段，接入换热器冷侧的换热器冷侧管道内的低温流体为机组内冷水剂罐的低温冷剂水、机组的冷却水或者其它可利用的冷源。
所述机组为多级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机，各级U型管进口段和U型管出口段分别与本级冷凝器和本级蒸发器相连；同时采用低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水作为本级换热器的冷侧流体，且最低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水同时作为本级换热器的冷侧流体。
所述由机组内部直接换热为：在U型管冷却段和U型管进口段相连的位置以及U型管冷却段和U型管出口段相连的位置分别加装一根横管，加装过横管的U型管冷却段浸没入机组内低温冷剂水罐的冷剂水中；减小了U型管冷却段的流动阻力。
所述机组为多级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机，各级U型管进口段和U型管出口段分别与本级冷凝器和本级蒸发器相连；同时各级U型管冷却段通过横管接入低一级的冷剂水罐中，使用低一级冷剂水罐中的冷剂水对本级U型管冷却段内的流体进行换热，且最低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水同时作为本级U型管冷却段的冷侧流体。
所述机组为多段溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机，U型管进口段和U型管出口段分别与最后一段冷凝器的液态冷剂水出口和第一段蒸发器的液态冷剂水入口相连。
所述机组为第二类吸收式热泵，U型管进口段与蒸发器液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段与冷凝器液态冷剂水入口相连。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.只要将U型管内的工质温度降至闪蒸温度以下，就可保证管内不出现蒸汽穿透现象。
2.通过的微小改变就可解决吸收机普遍存在的蒸汽穿透问题，从而可以大幅提高现有各类吸收机的制冷COP。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1未开启换热器，产生气液两相流导致蒸汽穿透时的立面图；
图3为本发明实施例1开启换热器后，流体冷却形成纯液态流动的立面图；
图4为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例6的结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例7的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例8的结构示意图。
其中：1‐U型管进口段，2‐U型管出口段，3‐换热器，4‐冷凝器；5‐蒸发器，6‐换热器冷侧管道，7‐冷水剂罐，8‐横管，9‐U型管冷却段，10‐发生器，11‐吸收器，12‐溶液罐；4001‐第一段冷凝器，4002‐第二段冷凝器，4020‐第二十段冷凝器，4101‐第一级冷凝器，4102‐第二级冷凝器，4119‐第十九级冷凝器，4120‐第二十级冷凝器；5001‐第一段蒸发器，5002‐第二段蒸发器，5020‐第二十段蒸发器，5101‐第一级蒸发器，5102‐第二级蒸发器，5119‐第十九级蒸发器，5120‐第二十级蒸发器；7101‐第一级蒸发器，7102‐第二级蒸发器，7119‐第十九级蒸发器，7120‐第二十级蒸发器；10001‐第一段发生器，10002‐第二段发生器，10020‐第二十段发生器，10101‐第一级发生器，10102‐第二级发生器，10119‐第十九级发生器，10120‐第二十级发生器；11001‐第一段吸收器，11002‐第二段吸收器，11020‐第二十段吸收器，11101‐第一级吸收器，11102‐第二级吸收器，11119‐第十九级，11120‐第二十级吸收器；12101‐第一级溶液罐，12102‐第二级溶液罐，12119‐第十九级溶液罐，12120‐第二十级溶液罐。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置作进一步的详细说明。
本发明提出一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，可作为溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机组中存在液体从高压腔体流向低压腔体过程的任意两个腔体之间的隔压装置。如冷凝器与蒸发器之间的隔压装置、发生器与吸收器之间的隔压装置等。下面以溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机组中冷凝器与蒸发器之间的隔压装置为例说明本发明的装置原理及效果。
如图1～图3所示的本发明实施例1，包括：U型管进口段1、U型管出口段2和U型管冷却段9，其中U型管进口段1、U型管冷却段9和U型管出口段2顺序相连，U型管进口段1与高压腔体的冷凝器4液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段2与低压腔体的蒸发器5液态冷剂水入口相连；发生器10与吸收器11通过溶液管路相连，冷凝器4与蒸发器通过冷剂水管路相连，发生器10与冷凝器4通过挡液板间隔并连通，吸收器11与蒸发器5通过挡液板间隔并连通；溶液罐12和冷剂水罐7置于机组的最底部。
如图3所示，工作时通过对U型管冷却段9内的流体进行换热，实现对隔压装置U型管冷却段9内流体的冷却降温，U型管出口段2出口压力对应一个蒸汽的饱和温度，只需将U型管冷却段9内流体的温度降至该饱和温度或更低，则可确保U型管冷却段9和出口段2内的流体以纯液态流动，流体密度为现有隔压装置形成两相流后流体密度的3～4倍，使得整个隔压装置(U型管)内的隔压能力提高3～4倍，从而避免隔压装置(U型管)出现蒸汽穿透。例如，当U型管出口段2出口压力对应蒸汽饱和温度为30℃，则只要将U型管内流体温度降至30℃或以下，则可保证管内为纯液态流动。
对U型管冷却段9内的流体进行冷却换热有两种实现方式，即由一股低温流体通过外置换热器冷却换热或由机组内部直接浸没冷却换热；
在实施例1中，对U型管冷却段9内的流体进行换热是由一股低温流体通过外置换热器冷却换热实现的，具体的，在U型管冷却段9外加装换热器3与低温流体进行换热，其中换热器3的热侧为U型管冷却段9，接入换热器3冷侧的换热器冷侧管道6内的低温流体为机组内冷水剂罐7的低温冷剂水、机组的冷却水或者其它可利用的冷源；
在实施例1中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为一单段、单级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机机组中的冷凝器和蒸发器。通过对隔压装置U型管冷却段9内流体冷却降温来实现流体过冷，消除管内两相流动，提高隔压装置(U型管)的隔压能力，从而防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置；在效果测试中，有效避免蒸汽穿透问题。
如图4所示实施例2，未描述部分与实施例1相同；
在实施例2中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为一多段溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机机组(如中国专利号ZL201410432395.2中公开的机组)中的冷凝器和蒸发器，即机组中的发生器10和冷凝器4均被分成m段(2≤m≤20)，分别为第一段发生器10001、第二段发生器10002...第二十段发生器10020，与第一段冷凝器4001、第二段冷凝器4002...第二十段冷凝器4020；机组中的吸收器11、蒸发器5均被分成n段(2≤n≤20)，分别为第一段吸收器11001、第二段吸收器11002...第二十段吸收器11020，与第一段蒸发器5001、第二段蒸发器5002...第二十段蒸发器5020；且最后一段的冷凝器(第二十段冷凝器4020)与第一段蒸发器(第一段蒸发器5001)之间使用隔压装置(U型管)进行隔压；
U型管进口段1和U型管出口段2分别与最后一段冷凝器的液态冷剂水出口和第一段蒸发器的液态冷剂水入口相连；
具体的，当m和n等于20时，U型管进口段1与第二十段冷凝器4020的液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段2与第一段蒸发器5001的液态冷剂水入口相连。
如图5所示实施例3，未描述部分与实施例1相同；
在实施例3中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为一多级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机机组中每个吸收式循环各自的冷凝器和蒸发器。该机组由p级(2≤p≤20)溴化锂吸收机串联形成，每一级包括独立的发生器10、吸收器11、溶液罐12、冷凝器4、蒸发器5、冷剂水罐7；且每一级内的冷凝器和蒸发器都使用隔压装置(U型管)进行隔压；根据蒸发器5的压力由高到低分为第1级、第2级...第p级；
各级U型管进口段1和U型管出口段2分别与本级冷凝器和本级蒸发器相连；同时采用低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水作为本级换热器3的冷侧流体，且最低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水同时作为本级换热器3的冷侧流体。
具体的，当p等于20时，包括20级的换热器3、20级的冷凝器4、20级的 蒸发器5、20级的冷剂水罐7、20级的发生器10(分别为第一级发生器10101、第二级发生器10102...第二十级发生器10120)、20级的吸收器11(分别为第一级吸收器11101、第二级吸收器11102...第二十级吸收器11120)和20级的溶液罐12(分别为第一级溶液罐12101、第二级溶液罐12102...第二十级溶液罐12120)；20个U型管进口段1分别连接第1级的第一级冷凝器4101、第2级的第二级冷凝器4102...第19(p‐1)级的第十九级冷凝器和第20(p)级的第二十级冷凝器4120的液态冷剂水出口，20个U型管出口段2分别连接第1级的第一级蒸发器5101、第2级的第二级蒸发器5102...第19级的第十九级蒸发器和第20级的第二十级蒸发器5120的液态冷剂水入口；同时采用第2级的第二级冷剂水罐7002的冷剂水通入第1级的U型管管路换热器3，采用第3级的第三级冷剂水罐的冷剂水通入第2级的U型管管路换热器3...采用第19级的第十九级冷剂水罐的冷剂水通入第18级的U型管管路换热器3，采用第20级的第二十级冷剂水罐7020的冷剂水通入第19级的U型管管路换热器3，还采用第二十级冷剂水罐7020的冷剂水通入第20级的U型管管路换热器3。
如图6所示实施例4，未描述部分与实施例1相同；
在实施例4中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为一第二类吸收式热泵机组的冷凝器和蒸发器，其中U型管进口段1与蒸发器5液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段2与冷凝器4液态冷剂水入口相连。
如图7所示的实施例5，未描述部分与实施例1相同；
在实施例5中，对U型管冷却段9内的流体进行换热是由机组内部直接浸没冷却换热实现的，具体的，在U型管冷却段9和U型管进口段1相连的位置以及U型管冷却段9和U型管出口段2相连的位置分别加装一根横管8，加装过横管8的U型管冷却段9浸没入机组内低温冷剂水罐7的冷剂水中；该实施例通过对隔压装置(U型管)管路本身的改动省却了换热器3，减小了U型管冷却段9的流动阻力。
在实施例5中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为同一单段单级溴化锂吸收式热泵或吸收式制冷机中的冷凝器和蒸发器。
如图8所示的实施例6，未描述部分与实施例5相同；
在实施例6中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为一多段溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机机组中的冷凝器和蒸发器，即机组中的发生器10、冷凝器4均被分成m段(2≤m≤20)，分别为第一段发生器10001、第二段发生器10002...第二十段发生器10020，与第一段冷凝器4001、第二段冷凝器4002...第二十段冷凝器4020；机组中的吸收器11、蒸发器5均被分成n段(2≤n≤20)，分别为第一段吸收器11001、第二段吸收器11002...第二十段吸收器11020，与第一段蒸发器5001、第二段蒸发器5002...第二十段蒸发器5020；且最后一段的冷凝器(第二十段冷凝器4020)与第一段蒸发器(第一段蒸发器5001)之间使用隔压装置(U型管)进行隔压。
U型管进口段1和U型管出口段2分别与最后一段冷凝器的液态冷剂水出口 和第一段蒸发器的液态冷剂水入口相连；
具体的，当m和n等于20时，U型管进口段1与第二十段冷凝器4020的液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段2与第一段蒸发器5001的液态冷剂水入口相连。
如图9所示的实施例7，未描述部分与实施例5相同；
在实施例7中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为多级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机机组中每个吸收式循环各自的冷凝器和蒸发器；该机组由p级(2≤p≤20)溴化锂吸收机串联形成，每一级包括独立的发生器10、吸收器11、溶液罐12、冷凝器4、蒸发器5、冷剂水罐7；且每一级内的冷凝器和蒸发器都使用隔压装置(U型管)进行隔压；根据蒸发器5的压力由高到低分为第1级、第2级...第p级。
各级U型管进口段1和U型管出口段2分别与本级冷凝器和本级蒸发器相连；同时各级U型管冷却段9通过横管接入低一级的冷剂水罐中，使用低一级冷剂水罐中的冷剂水对本级U型管冷却段9内的流体进行换热，且最低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水同时作为本级U型管冷却段9的冷侧流体。
具体的，当p等于20时，包括20级的换热器3、20级的冷凝器4、20级的蒸发器5、20级的冷剂水罐7、20级的发生器10(分别为第一级发生器10101、第二级发生器10102...第十九级发生器10119和第二十级发生器10120)、20级的吸收器11(分别为第一级吸收器11101、第二级吸收器11102...第十九级发生器11119和第二十级吸收器11120)和20级的溶液罐12(分别为第一级溶液罐12101、第二级溶液罐12102...第十九级溶液罐12119和第二十级溶液罐12120)；20个U型管进口段1分别连接第1级的第一冷凝器4101、第2级的第二冷凝器4102...第20(p)级的第二十级冷凝器4120的液态冷剂水出口，20个U型管出口段2分别连接第1级的第一级蒸发器5101、第2级的第二级蒸发器5102...第20级的第二十级蒸发器5120的液态冷剂水入口；
在每一级U型管冷却段9和U型管进口段1相连的位置以及和U型管出口段2相连的位置分别加装一根横管8，第1级的两根横管8浸入第2级的第二级冷剂水罐7102、第2级的两根横管8浸入第3级的第三级冷剂水罐7103...第19级的两根横管8浸入第20级冷剂水罐7120，且第20级的两根横管8同时也浸入第20级的冷剂水罐7120。
如图10所示的实施例8，未描述部分与实施例5相同；
在实施例8中，隔压装置所连接的冷凝器4和蒸发器5为一第二类吸收式热泵机组的冷凝器和蒸发器，其中U型管进口段1与蒸发器5液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段2与冷凝器液态4冷剂水入口相连。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，包括：U型管进口段、U型管出口段和U型管冷却段，其中U型管进口段、U型管冷却段和U型管出口段顺序相连，U型管进口段与高压腔体液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段与低压腔体液态冷剂水入口相连，通过对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热，从而防止隔压装置出现蒸汽穿透。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热是将隔压U型管冷却段内流体的温度降至U型管出口段出口压力对应饱和温度以下，确保U型管冷却段和出口段内的流体以纯液态流动。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2之一所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述对U型管冷却段内的流体进行冷却换热的实现方式为：由一股低温流体冷却换热或由机组内部直接换热。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述由一股低温流体冷却换热为：在U型管冷却段外加装换热器与低温流体进行换热，其中换热器的热侧为U型管冷却段，接入换热器冷侧的换热器冷侧管道内的低温流体为机组内冷水剂罐的低温冷剂水、机组的冷却水或者其它可利用的冷源。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述机组为多级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机，各级U型管进口段和U型管出口段分别与本级冷凝器和本级蒸发器相连；同时采用低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水作为本级换热器的冷侧流体，且最低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水同时作为本级换热器的冷侧流体。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述由机组内部直接换热为：在U型管冷却段和U型管进口段相连的位置以及U型管冷却段和U型管出口段相连的位置分别加装一根横管，加装过横管的U型管冷却段浸没入机组内低温冷剂水罐的冷剂水中；减小了U型管冷却段的流动阻力。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述机组为多级溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机，各级U型管进口段和U型管出口段分别与本级冷凝器和本级蒸发器相连；同时各级U型管冷却段通过横管接入低一级的冷剂水罐中，使用低一级冷剂水罐中的冷剂水对本级U型管冷却段内的流体进行换热，且最低一级冷剂水罐的冷剂水同时作为本级U型管冷却段的冷侧流体。
  8. 根据权利要求4或6之一所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征在于，所述机组为多段溴化锂吸收式热泵或制冷机，U型管进口段和U型管出口段分别与最后一段冷凝器的液态冷剂水出口和第一段蒸发器的液态冷剂水入口相连。
  9. 根据权利要求4或6之一所述的一种防止蒸汽穿透的隔压装置，其特征 在于，所述机组为第二类吸收式热泵，U型管进口段与蒸发器液态冷剂水出口相连，U型管出口段与冷凝器液态冷剂水入口相连。
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