WO2020218910A1 - Procédé de sélection de réseau dans un système de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé de sélection de réseau dans un système de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020218910A1
WO2020218910A1 PCT/KR2020/095054 KR2020095054W WO2020218910A1 WO 2020218910 A1 WO2020218910 A1 WO 2020218910A1 KR 2020095054 W KR2020095054 W KR 2020095054W WO 2020218910 A1 WO2020218910 A1 WO 2020218910A1
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Prior art keywords
network
terminal
information
service
connection state
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PCT/KR2020/095054
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
천성덕
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엘지전자 주식회사
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • H04W60/04—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration using triggered events
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks

Definitions

  • the terminal is located in an area where the service provider to which it is subscribed, but if the service provider is temporarily unable to provide the service, the service is provided by roaming to the network of another available service provider.
  • a method of receiving in particular, after a terminal receives a registration rejection from another operator's network, a communication system for minimizing the time in which the service is not provided by the other operator's network, thereby minimizing deterioration of the user service experience of the terminal, and It's about the method.
  • MIMO Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • NOMA Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
  • Super Wideband Various technologies such as wideband support and device networking are being studied.
  • An object of the present specification is to provide a method for preventing disconnection of a wireless communication service.
  • Another object of the present specification is to provide a method for a terminal to use a roaming service when a disconnection of a wireless communication service occurs.
  • An aspect of the present specification is a method of selecting a network for a terminal to perform registration in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: checking a condition related to a connection state of the terminal; Displaying a window including an input button for allowing a first network included in a forbidden PLMN list based on a condition related to the connection state of the terminal; Selecting the first network when a signal for allowing the first network is input through the input button; In relation to the first network, displaying a notification message or a status icon indicating that only a limited service is available, and the terminal is in a state in which only the limited service is allowed through the first network; Transmitting a registration request message to the first network; And receiving a response message as a response to the registration request message from the first network.
  • the status icon may be included in a status bar of the terminal, and the status bar may further include information indicating the strength of a signal received from the first network.
  • the notification message may include information indicating the type of the restricted service.
  • disabling an icon of an application other than an application related to the type of the restricted service And displaying an icon of the inactive application to have a shaded, black and white or transparent state. It may further include.
  • the forbidden PLMN list may include a list of networks that the terminal does not select.
  • receiving, from the first network, a condition related to the connection state of the terminal may further include.
  • the first network may be selected when there is no selectable network not included in the forbidden PLMN list based on a condition related to the connection state of the terminal.
  • condition related to the connection state of the terminal may be related to the interruption or failure of a service provided to the terminal through the second network.
  • receiving, from the second network, a condition related to the connection state of the terminal may further include.
  • interruption or failure of the service may be caused by a disaster in the second network or an area where the terminal is located.
  • the second network is a PLMN to which the terminal is subscribed, and an area in which the terminal is located may be included in a country to which the terminal is subscribed.
  • a terminal for selecting a network for performing registration in a wireless communication system comprising: a transceiver; Memory; A display unit; And a processor that controls the transceiver, the memory, and the display unit, wherein the processor checks a condition related to a connection state of the terminal, and, through the display unit, is prohibited based on a condition related to the connection state of the terminal.
  • the first Select a network displays a notification message or a status icon indicating that only a limited service is available in relation to the first network through the display unit, and the terminal is allowed only the limited service through the first network.
  • State and transmits a registration request message to the first network through the transceiver, and receives a response message as a response to the registration request message from the first network.
  • the terminal when disconnection of the wireless communication service occurs, the terminal may use the roaming service.
  • FIG 1 shows an AI device 100 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG 2 shows an AI server 200 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG 3 shows an AI system 1 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram showing the architecture of a general E-UTRAN and EPC.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram showing a structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a UE and an eNB.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing the structure of a radio interface protocol in a user plane between a UE and an eNB.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an architecture of a general NR-RAN.
  • 10 is an exemplary diagram showing functional separation of a general NG-RAN and 5GC.
  • 11 shows an example of a general architecture of 5G.
  • FIG 13 is an example of a display to which the present specification can be applied.
  • 16 is an embodiment of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • 17 is an embodiment of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • 20 is an exemplary diagram showing the structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a UE and an eNodeB.
  • a base station has a meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a terminal.
  • the specific operation described as being performed by the base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases. That is, it is apparent that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network comprising a plurality of network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station.
  • A'base station (BS)' may be replaced by terms such as a fixed station, Node B, evolved-NodeB (eNB), base transceiver system (BTS), and access point (AP). .
  • 'Terminal' may be fixed or mobile, and UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS ( Advanced Mobile Station), WT (Wireless terminal), MTC (Machine-Type Communication) device, M2M (Machine-to-Machine) device, D2D (Device-to-Device) device.
  • UE User Equipment
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UT user terminal
  • MSS Mobile Subscriber Station
  • SS Subscriber Station
  • AMS Advanced Mobile Station
  • WT Wireless terminal
  • MTC Machine-Type Communication
  • M2M Machine-to-Machine
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • downlink refers to communication from a base station to a terminal
  • uplink refers to communication from a terminal to a base station.
  • the transmitter may be part of the base station, and the receiver may be part of the terminal.
  • the transmitter may be part of the terminal, and the receiver may be part of the base station.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • NOMA NOMA It can be used in various wireless access systems such as (non-orthogonal multiple access).
  • CDMA may be implemented with universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or radio technology such as CDMA2000.
  • TDMA may be implemented with a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE).
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
  • OFDMA may be implemented with a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA).
  • UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).
  • 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, and employs OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink.
  • LTE-A evolution of 3GPP LTE.
  • Embodiments of the present specification may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of IEEE 802, 3GPP, and 3GPP2, which are wireless access systems. That is, among the embodiments of the present specification, steps or parts not described to clearly reveal the technical idea of the present specification may be supported by the documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document can be described by the standard document.
  • 3GPP LTE/LTE-A is mainly described, but the technical features of the present specification are not limited thereto.
  • IP Multimedia Subsystem IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem
  • IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem An architectural framework for providing standardization for delivering voice or other multimedia services over IP.
  • -UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 3G Global System for Mobile Communication
  • Evolved Packet System A network system composed of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which is an Internet Protocol (IP)-based packet switched core network, and an access network such as LTE and UTRAN.
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • UMTS UMTS is an evolved type of network.
  • -NodeB a base station of the UMTS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage is macro cell scale.
  • -eNodeB the base station of the EPS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage is macro cell scale.
  • -Home NodeB Installed indoors as a base station of the UMTS network, and its coverage is microcell scale
  • -Home eNodeB It is installed indoors as a base station of EPS network, and its coverage is micro cell scale
  • the terminal may be referred to in terms of terminal, mobile equipment (ME), mobile station (MS), and the like.
  • the terminal may be a portable device such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a multimedia device, or the like, or a non-portable device such as a personal computer (PC) or a vehicle-mounted device.
  • the term terminal or terminal may refer to an MTC terminal.
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • M2M Machine to Machine
  • MTC UE or MTC device or MTC device a terminal that has a communication function through a mobile communication network (for example, communicates with an MTC server through a PLMN) and performs an MTC function (for example, a vending machine, Meter reader, etc.).
  • MTC UE or MTC device or MTC device a terminal that has a communication function through a mobile communication network (for example, communicates with an MTC server through a PLMN) and performs an MTC function (for example, a vending machine, Meter reader, etc.).
  • -RAN Radio Access Network
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • HSS Home Location Register
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • -PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • a network configured for the purpose of providing mobile communication services to individuals. It can be divided and configured for each operator.
  • -NAS Non-Access Stratum: A functional layer for sending and receiving signaling and traffic messages between the terminal and the core network in the UMTS and EPS protocol stacks. Its main function is to support the mobility of the terminal and to support a session management procedure for establishing and maintaining an IP connection between the terminal and the PDN GW.
  • SCEF Service Capability Exposure Function
  • -MME Mobility Management Entity: Network node of EPS network that performs mobility management and session management functions
  • -PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateway: Network node of EPS network that performs UE IP address assignment, packet screening and filtering, and charging data collection functions.
  • -Serving GW (Serving Gateway): A network node in the EPS network that performs functions such as mobility anchor, packet routing, idle mode packet buffering, and triggering paging for the MME's UE.
  • -PCRF Policy and Charging Rule Function
  • -OMA DM Open Mobile Alliance Device Management: Protocol designed to manage mobile devices such as cell phones, PDAs, portable computers, etc., such as device configuration, firmware upgrade, and error reports. Performs the function of.
  • -OAM Operaation Administration and Maintenance
  • a group of network management functions that provide network fault indication, performance information, and data and diagnosis functions.
  • -PDN Packet Data Network
  • MMS server MMS server
  • WAP server WAP server
  • connection from the terminal to the PDN that is, the connection (connection) between the terminal expressed by the ip address and the PDN expressed by the APN
  • EMM EPS Mobility Management: As a sub-layer of the NAS layer, EMM is in the "EMM-Registered” or “EMM-Deregistered” state depending on whether the UE is attached to the network or attached to the network. There may be.
  • ECM connection Management connection connection: a signaling connection (connection) for the exchange (exchange) of NAS messages established (establish) between the UE and the MME.
  • the ECM connection is a logical connection consisting of an RRC connection between a UE and an eNB and an S1 signaling connection between the eNB and the MME.
  • Established ECM connection means to have an RRC connection established with the eNB to the UE, and to the MME means to have an S1 signaling connection established with the eNB.
  • the ECM may have a "ECM-Connected" or "ECM-Idle" state.
  • -AS Access-Stratum: Contains a protocol stack between the UE and a wireless (or access) network, and is responsible for transmitting data and network control signals.
  • MO Management Object
  • MO Management object
  • -PDN Packet Data Network
  • MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • -PDN connection a logical connection between the UE and the PDN, expressed by one IP address (one IPv4 address and/or one IPv6 prefix).
  • -APN Access Point Name: A string that refers to or identifies a PDN.
  • a specific P-GW is passed, which means a predefined name (string) in the network so that this P-GW can be found. (For example, internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs)
  • -ANDSF Access Network Discovery and Selection Function: Provides a policy that allows the UE to discover and select available access on a per operator basis as one network entity.
  • E-E-RAB E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer: refers to the concatenation of the S1 bearer and the data radio bearer. If there is an E-RAB, there is a one-to-one mapping between the E-RAB and the EPS bearer of the NAS.
  • GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
  • GTP-C GPRS Tunneling Protocol
  • GTP-U GTP'
  • GTP-C is used within the GPRS core network for signaling between gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSN) and serving GPRS support nodes (SGSN).
  • GGSN gateway GPRS support nodes
  • SGSN serving GPRS support nodes
  • GTP-C allows the SGSN to activate a session for the user (e.g., PDN context activation), deactivate the same session, and adjust the quality of service parameters. ), or to update a session for a subscriber who has just operated from another SGSN.
  • GTP-U is used to carry user data within the GPRS core network and between radio access networks and core networks.
  • the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system uses the concept of a cell to manage radio resources, and a cell associated with radio resources is a cell in a geographic area. Is distinguished from.
  • the "cell" associated with radio resources is defined as a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, that is, a combination of a DL carrier and a UL carrier.
  • the cell may be configured with a DL resource alone or a combination of a DL resource and a UL resource.
  • a linkage between a carrier frequency of a DL resource and a carrier frequency of a UL resource may be indicated by system information.
  • the carrier frequency means the center frequency of each cell or carrier.
  • a cell operating on a primary frequency is referred to as a primary cell (Pcell), and a cell operating on a secondary frequency is referred to as a secondary cell (Scell).
  • Scell refers to a cell that can be set after RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection establishment is made and can be used to provide additional radio resources. Depending on the capabilities of the UE, the Scell may form a set of serving cells for the UE together with the Pcell. In the case of a UE that is in the RRC_CONNECTED state but does not support carrier aggregation or does not support carrier aggregation, there is only one serving cell configured as a Pcell.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • a "cell” in a geographic area may be understood as a coverage in which a node can provide a service using a carrier
  • a "cell” of a radio resource is a frequency range configured by the carrier. It is related to bandwidth (BW). Since downlink coverage, which is a range in which a node can transmit a valid signal and uplink coverage, which is a range in which a valid signal can be received from a UE, depends on the carrier that carries the corresponding signal, the coverage of the node is the It is also related to the coverage of the "cell”. Therefore, the term "cell” can sometimes be used to mean coverage of a service by a node, sometimes a radio resource, and sometimes a range within which a signal using the radio resource can reach a valid strength.
  • SAE System Architecture Evolution
  • SAE is a research project that determines a network structure that supports mobility between various types of networks.
  • SAE aims to provide an optimized packet-based system, for example, supporting various wireless access technologies based on IP and providing improved data transmission capability.
  • the EPC is a core network of an IP mobile communication system for a 3GPP LTE system, and can support packet-based real-time and non-real-time services.
  • the core network is connected through two distinct sub-domains of CS (Circuit-Switched) for voice and PS (Packet-Switched) for data.
  • CS Circuit-Switched
  • PS Packet-Switched
  • the function was implemented.
  • 3GPP LTE system which is an evolution of the 3G mobile communication system
  • sub-domains of CS and PS are unified into one IP domain.
  • the connection between the UE and the UE having IP capability is an IP-based base station (e.g., eNodeB (evolved Node B)), EPC, application domain (e.g., IMS ( IP Multimedia Subsystem)).
  • EPC is an essential structure for implementing an end-to-end IP service.
  • the EPC may include various components, and in FIG. 1, some of them, SGW (Serving Gateway), PDN GW (Packet Data Network Gateway), MME (Mobility Management Entity), SGSN (Serving General Packet Radio Service) Supporting Node) and ePDG (enhanced packet data gateway) are shown.
  • SGW Serving Gateway
  • PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • SGSN Serving General Packet Radio Service
  • ePDG enhanced packet data gateway
  • the SGW (or S-GW) is an element that functions as a boundary point between the radio access network (RAN) and the core network and maintains a data path between the eNB and the PDN GW.
  • the SGW serves as a local mobility anchor point. That is, packets may be routed through the SGW for mobility within the E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access Network defined after 3GPP Release-8).
  • the SGW has mobility with other 3GPP networks (RANs defined before 3GPP Release-8, for example, UTRAN or GERAN (Global System for Mobile Communication) / EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) Radio Access Network). It can also function as an anchor point for.
  • the PDN GW corresponds to the termination point of the data interface towards the packet data network.
  • PDN GW can support policy enforcement features, packet filtering, charging support, etc.
  • mobility management between 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks e.g., untrusted networks such as I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless Local Area Network), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks or trusted networks such as WiMax) Can serve as an anchor point for 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks (e.g., untrusted networks such as I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless Local Area Network), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks or trusted networks such as WiMax) Can serve as an anchor point for 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks (e.g., untrusted networks such as I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless Local Area Network), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks or trusted networks such as WiMax) Can serve as an anchor point for 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks (e.g., untrusted networks such as I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless Local Area Network
  • the three main requirements areas for 5G are (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) area, (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) area, and (3) ultra-reliability and It includes a low-latency communication (Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications, URLLC) area.
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
  • URLLC Low Latency Communications
  • KPI key performance indicator
  • eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access, covering rich interactive work, media and entertainment applications in the cloud or augmented reality.
  • Data is one of the key drivers of 5G, and it may not be possible to see dedicated voice services for the first time in the 5G era.
  • voice is expected to be processed as an application program simply using the data connection provided by the communication system.
  • the main reasons for the increased traffic volume are an increase in content size and an increase in the number of applications requiring high data rates.
  • Streaming services (audio and video), interactive video and mobile Internet connections will become more widely used as more devices connect to the Internet. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to the user.
  • Cloud storage and applications are increasing rapidly in mobile communication platforms, which can be applied to both work and entertainment.
  • cloud storage is a special use case that drives the growth of the uplink data rate.
  • 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud, and requires much lower end-to-end delays to maintain a good user experience when tactile interfaces are used.
  • Entertainment For example, cloud gaming and video streaming is another key factor that is increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets anywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, cars and airplanes.
  • Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment.
  • augmented reality requires very low latency and an instantaneous amount of data.
  • one of the most anticipated 5G use cases relates to the ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors in all fields, i.e. mMTC.
  • mMTC massive machine type computer
  • Industrial IoT is one of the areas where 5G plays a major role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture and security infrastructure.
  • URLLC includes new services that will transform the industry with ultra-reliable/low-latency links such as self-driving vehicles and remote control of critical infrastructure.
  • the level of reliability and delay is essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, drone control and coordination.
  • 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) as a means of providing streams rated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second. This high speed is required to deliver TVs in 4K or higher (6K, 8K and higher) resolutions as well as virtual and augmented reality.
  • Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications involve almost immersive sports events. Certain application programs may require special network settings. In the case of VR games, for example, game companies may need to integrate core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.
  • Automotive is expected to be an important new driving force in 5G, with many use cases for mobile communication to vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers demands simultaneous high capacity and high mobility mobile broadband. The reason is that future users will continue to expect high-quality connections, regardless of their location and speed.
  • Another application example in the automotive field is an augmented reality dashboard. It identifies an object in the dark on top of what the driver is looking through the front window, and displays information that tells the driver about the distance and movement of the object overlaid.
  • wireless modules enable communication between vehicles, exchange of information between the vehicle and supporting infrastructure, and exchange of information between the vehicle and other connected devices (eg, devices carried by pedestrians).
  • the safety system allows the driver to lower the risk of accidents by guiding alternative courses of action to make driving safer.
  • the next step will be a remote controlled or self-driven vehicle. It is very reliable and requires very fast communication between different self-driving vehicles and between the vehicle and the infrastructure. In the future, self-driving vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will be forced to focus only on traffic abnormalities that the vehicle itself cannot identify.
  • the technical requirements of self-driving vehicles call for ultra-low latency and ultra-fast reliability to increase traffic safety to levels unachievable by humans.
  • Smart cities and smart homes referred to as smart society, will be embedded with high-density wireless sensor networks.
  • a distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify the conditions for cost and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or home.
  • a similar setup can be done for each household.
  • Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms and appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors are typically low data rates, low power and low cost. However, for example, real-time HD video may be required in certain types of devices for surveillance.
  • the smart grid interconnects these sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect information and act accordingly. This information can include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, allowing smart grids to improve efficiency, reliability, economics, sustainability of production and the distribution of fuels such as electricity in an automated way.
  • the smart grid can also be viewed as another low-latency sensor network.
  • the health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobile communications.
  • the communication system can support telemedicine providing clinical care from remote locations. This can help reduce barriers to distance and improve access to medical services that are not consistently available in remote rural areas. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergencies.
  • a wireless sensor network based on mobile communication may provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Thus, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this requires that the wireless connection operates with a delay, reliability and capacity similar to that of the cable, and its management is simplified. Low latency and very low error probability are new requirements that need to be connected to 5G.
  • Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications that enable tracking of inventory and packages from anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require low data rates, but require a wide range and reliable location information.
  • Machine learning refers to the field of researching methodologies to define and solve various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence. do.
  • Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through continuous experience.
  • An artificial neural network is a model used in machine learning, and may refer to an overall model with problem-solving capabilities, composed of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by combining synapses.
  • the artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and an activation function for generating an output value.
  • the artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include neurons and synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function of an activation function for input signals, weights, and biases input through synapses.
  • Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning, and include weights of synaptic connections and biases of neurons.
  • hyperparameters refer to parameters that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and include a learning rate, iteration count, mini-batch size, and initialization function.
  • the purpose of learning artificial neural networks can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize the loss function.
  • the loss function can be used as an index to determine an optimal model parameter in the learning process of the artificial neural network.
  • Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to the learning method.
  • Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when a label for training data is given, and a label indicates the correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network should infer when training data is input to the artificial neural network. It can mean.
  • Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where a label for training data is not given.
  • Reinforcement learning may mean a learning method in which an agent defined in a certain environment learns to select an action or action sequence that maximizes the cumulative reward in each state.
  • machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers is sometimes referred to as deep learning (deep learning), and deep learning is a part of machine learning.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • machine learning is used in the sense including deep learning.
  • a robot may refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates a task given by its own capabilities.
  • a robot having a function of recognizing the environment and performing an operation by self-determining may be referred to as an intelligent robot.
  • Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. depending on the purpose or field of use.
  • the robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint.
  • a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint.
  • the movable robot includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc. in a driving unit, and can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driving unit.
  • Autonomous driving refers to self-driving technology
  • autonomous driving vehicle refers to a vehicle that is driven without a user's manipulation or with a user's minimal manipulation.
  • a technology that maintains a driving lane a technology that automatically adjusts the speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology that automatically drives along a specified route, and a technology that automatically sets a route when a destination is set, etc. All of these can be included.
  • the vehicle includes all of a vehicle having only an internal combustion engine, a hybrid vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and an electric vehicle including only an electric motor, and may include not only automobiles, but also trains and motorcycles.
  • the autonomous vehicle can be viewed as a robot having an autonomous driving function.
  • the extended reality collectively refers to Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR).
  • VR technology provides only CG images of real world objects or backgrounds
  • AR technology provides virtually created CG images on top of real object images
  • MR technology is a computer that mixes and combines virtual objects in the real world. It is a graphic technology.
  • MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows real and virtual objects together.
  • virtual objects are used in a form that complements real objects
  • MR technology virtual objects and real objects are used with equal characteristics.
  • XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices applied with XR technology are XR devices. It can be called as.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • mobile phones tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc.
  • devices applied with XR technology are XR devices. It can be called as.
  • FIG 1 shows an AI device 100 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the AI device 100 includes a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB). ), a DMB receiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a desktop computer, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, and the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • PMP portable multimedia player
  • STB set-top box
  • the terminal 100 includes a communication unit 110, an input unit 120, a running processor 130, a sensing unit 140, an output unit 150, a memory 170, and a processor 180.
  • the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive data with external devices such as other AI devices 100a to 100e or the AI server 200 using wired/wireless communication technology.
  • the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive sensor information, a user input, a learning model, and a control signal with external devices.
  • the communication technologies used by the communication unit 110 include Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Code Division Multi Access (CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, Wireless LAN (WLAN), and Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi). ), Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), ZigBee, and Near Field Communication (NFC).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multi Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 5G Fifth Generation
  • WLAN Wireless LAN
  • Wi-Fi Wireless-Fidelity
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth
  • IrDA Infrared Data Association
  • ZigBee ZigBee
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the input unit 120 may acquire various types of data.
  • the input unit 120 may include a camera for inputting an image signal, a microphone for receiving an audio signal, a user input unit for receiving information from a user, and the like.
  • a camera or microphone for treating a camera or microphone as a sensor, a signal obtained from the camera or microphone may be referred to as sensing data or sensor information.
  • the input unit 120 may acquire training data for model training and input data to be used when acquiring an output by using the training model.
  • the input unit 120 may obtain unprocessed input data, and in this case, the processor 180 or the running processor 130 may extract an input feature as a preprocess for the input data.
  • the learning processor 130 may train a model composed of an artificial neural network using the training data.
  • the learned artificial neural network may be referred to as a learning model.
  • the learning model can be used to infer a result value for new input data other than the training data, and the inferred value can be used as a basis for a decision to perform a certain operation.
  • the learning processor 130 may perform AI processing together with the learning processor 240 of the AI server 200.
  • the learning processor 130 may include a memory integrated or implemented in the AI device 100.
  • the learning processor 130 may be implemented using the memory 170, an external memory directly coupled to the AI device 100, or a memory maintained in an external device.
  • the sensing unit 140 may acquire at least one of internal information of the AI device 100, information about the surrounding environment of the AI device 100, and user information by using various sensors.
  • the sensors included in the sensing unit 140 include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and a lidar. , Radar, etc.
  • the output unit 150 may generate output related to visual, auditory or tactile sense.
  • the output unit 150 may include a display unit that outputs visual information, a speaker that outputs auditory information, and a haptic module that outputs tactile information.
  • the memory 170 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 100.
  • the memory 170 may store input data, training data, a learning model, and a learning history acquired from the input unit 120.
  • the processor 180 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. Further, the processor 180 may perform the determined operation by controlling the components of the AI device 100.
  • the processor 180 may request, search, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor 130 or the memory 170, and perform a predicted or desirable operation among the at least one executable operation.
  • the components of the AI device 100 can be controlled to execute.
  • the processor 180 may generate a control signal for controlling the corresponding external device and transmit the generated control signal to the corresponding external device.
  • the processor 180 may obtain intention information for a user input, and determine a user's requirement based on the obtained intention information.
  • the processor 180 uses at least one of a Speech To Text (STT) engine for converting a speech input into a character string or a Natural Language Processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intention information of a natural language. Intention information corresponding to the input can be obtained.
  • STT Speech To Text
  • NLP Natural Language Processing
  • At this time, at least one or more of the STT engine and the NLP engine may be composed of an artificial neural network, at least partially trained according to a machine learning algorithm.
  • at least one of the STT engine or the NLP engine is learned by the learning processor 130, learned by the learning processor 240 of the AI server 200, or learned by distributed processing thereof. Can be.
  • the processor 180 collects history information including user feedback on the operation content or operation of the AI device 100 and stores it in the memory 170 or the learning processor 130, or the AI server 200 Can be transferred to an external device.
  • the collected history information can be used to update the learning model.
  • the processor 180 may control at least some of the components of the AI device 100 to drive an application program stored in the memory 170. Furthermore, the processor 180 may operate by combining two or more of the components included in the AI device 100 to drive the application program.
  • FIG 2 shows an AI server 200 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the AI server 200 may refer to a device that trains an artificial neural network using a machine learning algorithm or uses the learned artificial neural network.
  • the AI server 200 may be composed of a plurality of servers to perform distributed processing, or may be defined as a 5G network.
  • the AI server 200 may be included as a part of the AI device 100 to perform at least part of AI processing together.
  • the AI server 200 may include a communication unit 210, a memory 230, a learning processor 240, and a processor 260.
  • the communication unit 210 may transmit and receive data with an external device such as the AI device 100.
  • the memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231.
  • the model storage unit 231 may store a model (or artificial neural network, 231a) being trained or trained through the learning processor 240.
  • the learning processor 240 may train the artificial neural network 231a using the training data.
  • the learning model may be used while being mounted on the AI server 200 of the artificial neural network, or may be mounted on an external device such as the AI device 100 and used.
  • the learning model can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. When part or all of the learning model is implemented in software, one or more instructions constituting the learning model may be stored in the memory 230.
  • the processor 260 may infer a result value for new input data using the learning model, and generate a response or a control command based on the inferred result value.
  • FIG 3 shows an AI system 1 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the AI system 1 includes at least one of an AI server 200, a robot 100a, an autonomous vehicle 100b, an XR device 100c, a smartphone 100d, or a home appliance 100e. It is connected to the cloud network 10.
  • the robot 100a to which the AI technology is applied, the autonomous vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smartphone 100d, or the home appliance 100e may be referred to as the AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the cloud network 10 may constitute a part of the cloud computing infrastructure or may mean a network that exists in the cloud computing infrastructure.
  • the cloud network 10 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, or a 5G network.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the devices 100a to 100e and 200 constituting the AI system 1 may be connected to each other through the cloud network 10.
  • the devices 100a to 100e and 200 may communicate with each other through a base station, but may communicate with each other directly without through a base station.
  • the AI server 200 may include a server that performs AI processing and a server that performs an operation on big data.
  • the AI server 200 includes at least one of a robot 100a, an autonomous vehicle 100b, an XR device 100c, a smartphone 100d, or a home appliance 100e, which are AI devices constituting the AI system 1 It is connected through the cloud network 10 and may help at least part of the AI processing of the connected AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the AI server 200 may train an artificial neural network according to a machine learning algorithm in place of the AI devices 100a to 100e, and may directly store the learning model or transmit it to the AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the AI server 200 receives input data from the AI devices 100a to 100e, infers a result value for the received input data using a learning model, and generates a response or control command based on the inferred result value. It can be generated and transmitted to the AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the AI devices 100a to 100e may infer a result value of input data using a direct learning model, and generate a response or a control command based on the inferred result value.
  • the AI devices 100a to 100e to which the above-described technology is applied will be described.
  • the AI devices 100a to 100e illustrated in FIG. 3 may be viewed as a specific example of the AI device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the robot 100a is applied with AI technology and may be implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned flying robot, and the like.
  • the robot 100a may include a robot control module for controlling an operation, and the robot control module may refer to a software module or a chip implementing the same as hardware.
  • the robot 100a acquires status information of the robot 100a by using sensor information acquired from various types of sensors, detects (recognizes) the surrounding environment and objects, generates map data, or moves paths and travels. It can decide a plan, decide a response to user interaction, or decide an action.
  • the robot 100a may use sensor information obtained from at least one sensor from among a lidar, a radar, and a camera in order to determine a moving route and a driving plan.
  • the robot 100a may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network.
  • the robot 100a may recognize a surrounding environment and an object using a learning model, and may determine an operation using the recognized surrounding environment information or object information.
  • the learning model may be directly learned by the robot 100a or learned by an external device such as the AI server 200.
  • the robot 100a may perform an operation by generating a result using a direct learning model, but it transmits sensor information to an external device such as the AI server 200 and performs the operation by receiving the result generated accordingly. You may.
  • the robot 100a determines a movement path and a driving plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information acquired from an external device, and controls the driving unit to determine the determined movement path and travel plan. Accordingly, the robot 100a can be driven.
  • the map data may include object identification information on various objects arranged in a space in which the robot 100a moves.
  • the map data may include object identification information on fixed objects such as walls and doors and movable objects such as flower pots and desks.
  • the object identification information may include a name, type, distance, and location.
  • the robot 100a may perform an operation or run by controlling a driving unit based on a user's control/interaction.
  • the robot 100a may acquire interaction intention information according to a user's motion or voice speech, and determine a response based on the obtained intention information to perform an operation.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, or unmanned aerial vehicle by applying AI technology.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may include an autonomous driving control module for controlling an autonomous driving function, and the autonomous driving control module may refer to a software module or a chip implementing the same as hardware.
  • the autonomous driving control module may be included inside as a configuration of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b, but may be configured as separate hardware and connected to the exterior of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b acquires state information of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b using sensor information obtained from various types of sensors, detects (recognizes) surrounding environments and objects, or generates map data, It is possible to determine a travel route and a driving plan, or to determine an action.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may use sensor information obtained from at least one sensor from among a lidar, a radar, and a camera, similar to the robot 100a, in order to determine a moving route and a driving plan.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may recognize an environment or object in an area where the view is obscured or an area greater than a certain distance by receiving sensor information from external devices, or directly recognized information from external devices. .
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may recognize a surrounding environment and an object using a learning model, and may determine a driving movement using the recognized surrounding environment information or object information.
  • the learning model may be directly learned by the autonomous vehicle 100b or learned by an external device such as the AI server 200.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may perform an operation by generating a result using a direct learning model, but it operates by transmitting sensor information to an external device such as the AI server 200 and receiving the result generated accordingly. You can also do
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b determines a movement path and a driving plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information acquired from an external device, and controls the driving unit to determine the determined movement path and driving.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b can be driven according to a plan.
  • the map data may include object identification information on various objects arranged in a space (eg, a road) in which the autonomous vehicle 100b travels.
  • the map data may include object identification information on fixed objects such as street lights, rocks, and buildings, and movable objects such as vehicles and pedestrians.
  • the object identification information may include a name, type, distance, and location.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may perform an operation or drive by controlling a driving unit based on a user's control/interaction.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may acquire interaction intention information according to a user's motion or voice speech, and determine a response based on the obtained intention information to perform the operation.
  • the XR device 100c is applied with AI technology, such as HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display) provided in the vehicle, TV, mobile phone, smart phone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage. , A vehicle, a fixed robot, or a mobile robot.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • the XR device 100c analyzes 3D point cloud data or image data acquired through various sensors or from an external device to generate location data and attribute data for 3D points, thereby providing information on surrounding spaces or real objects.
  • the XR object to be acquired and output can be rendered and output.
  • the XR apparatus 100c may output an XR object including additional information on the recognized object in correspondence with the recognized object.
  • the XR apparatus 100c may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network.
  • the XR device 100c may recognize a real object from 3D point cloud data or image data using a learning model, and may provide information corresponding to the recognized real object.
  • the learning model may be directly learned by the XR device 100c or learned by an external device such as the AI server 200.
  • the XR device 100c may directly generate a result using a learning model to perform an operation, but transmits sensor information to an external device such as the AI server 200 and receives the result generated accordingly to perform the operation. You can also do it.
  • the robot 100a may be implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned flying robot, etc. by applying AI technology and autonomous driving technology.
  • the robot 100a to which AI technology and autonomous driving technology are applied may refer to a robot having an autonomous driving function or a robot 100a interacting with the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a having an autonomous driving function may collectively refer to devices that move by themselves according to a given movement line without the user's control or by determining the movement line by themselves.
  • the robot 100a having an autonomous driving function and the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may use a common sensing method to determine one or more of a moving route or a driving plan.
  • the robot 100a having an autonomous driving function and the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may determine one or more of a movement route or a driving plan using information sensed through a lidar, a radar, and a camera.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous driving vehicle 100b exists separately from the autonomous driving vehicle 100b and is linked to an autonomous driving function inside or outside the autonomous driving vehicle 100b, or ), you can perform an operation associated with the user on board.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous driving vehicle 100b acquires sensor information on behalf of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b and provides it to the autonomous driving vehicle 100b, or acquires sensor information and information about the surrounding environment or By generating object information and providing it to the autonomous vehicle 100b, it is possible to control or assist the autonomous driving function of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous vehicle 100b may monitor a user in the autonomous vehicle 100b or control the function of the autonomous vehicle 100b through interaction with the user. .
  • the robot 100a may activate an autonomous driving function of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b or assist the control of a driving unit of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the functions of the autonomous vehicle 100b controlled by the robot 100a may include not only an autonomous driving function, but also functions provided by a navigation system or an audio system provided inside the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may provide information or assist a function to the autonomous driving vehicle 100b from outside of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a may provide traffic information including signal information to the autonomous vehicle 100b, such as a smart traffic light, or interact with the autonomous driving vehicle 100b, such as an automatic electric charger for an electric vehicle. You can also automatically connect an electric charger to the charging port.
  • the robot 100a may be implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned flying robot, a drone, etc., by applying AI technology and XR technology.
  • the robot 100a to which the XR technology is applied may refer to a robot that is an object of control/interaction in an XR image.
  • the robot 100a is distinguished from the XR device 100c and may be interlocked with each other.
  • the robot 100a which is the object of control/interaction in the XR image, acquires sensor information from sensors including a camera
  • the robot 100a or the XR device 100c generates an XR image based on the sensor information.
  • the XR device 100c may output the generated XR image.
  • the robot 100a may operate based on a control signal input through the XR device 100c or a user's interaction.
  • the user can check the XR image corresponding to the viewpoint of the robot 100a linked remotely through an external device such as the XR device 100c, and adjust the autonomous driving path of the robot 100a through the interaction.
  • You can control motion or driving, or check information on surrounding objects.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, or an unmanned aerial vehicle by applying AI technology and XR technology.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b to which the XR technology is applied may refer to an autonomous driving vehicle including a means for providing an XR image, or an autonomous driving vehicle that is an object of control/interaction within the XR image.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b, which is an object of control/interaction in the XR image is distinguished from the XR device 100c and may be interlocked with each other.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b provided with a means for providing an XR image may acquire sensor information from sensors including a camera, and may output an XR image generated based on the acquired sensor information.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may provide an XR object corresponding to a real object or an object in a screen to the occupant by outputting an XR image with a HUD.
  • the XR object when the XR object is output to the HUD, at least a part of the XR object may be output to overlap the actual object facing the occupant's gaze.
  • the XR object when the XR object is output on a display provided inside the autonomous vehicle 100b, at least a part of the XR object may be output to overlap an object in the screen.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may output XR objects corresponding to objects such as lanes, other vehicles, traffic lights, traffic signs, motorcycles, pedestrians, and buildings.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b which is the object of control/interaction in the XR image, acquires sensor information from sensors including a camera
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b or the XR device 100c is based on the sensor information.
  • An XR image is generated, and the XR device 100c may output the generated XR image.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may operate based on a control signal input through an external device such as the XR device 100c or a user's interaction.
  • the 5G system is an advanced technology from the 4th generation LTE mobile communication technology, and a new radio access technology (RAT: Radio Access Technology), LTE (Long) through an evolution or a clean-state structure of the existing mobile communication network structure.
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • LTE Long
  • Term Evolution which supports extended LTE (eLTE) and non-3GPP (eg, WLAN) access.
  • the 5G system is defined as service-based, and the interaction between network functions (NF) in the architecture for the 5G system can be expressed in two ways as follows.
  • NF network functions
  • Network functions eg AMF
  • CP Control Plane
  • This expression also includes a point-to-point reference point, if necessary.
  • the example of the network structure of FIG. 4 shows that the SGW and the PDN GW are configured as separate gateways, but two gateways may be implemented according to a single gateway configuration option.
  • the MME is an element that performs signaling and control functions to support access to the network connection of the UE, allocation of network resources, tracking, paging, roaming, and handover.
  • the MME controls control plane functions related to subscriber and session management.
  • the MME manages a number of eNBs and performs signaling for selection of a conventional gateway for handover to other 2G/3G networks.
  • the MME performs functions such as security procedures, terminal-to-network session handling, and idle terminal location management.
  • SGSN handles all packet data such as user mobility management and authentication to other 3GPP networks (eg GPRS networks).
  • 3GPP networks eg GPRS networks.
  • the ePDG serves as a security node for untrusted non-3GPP networks (eg, I-WLAN, WiFi hotspot, etc.).
  • untrusted non-3GPP networks eg, I-WLAN, WiFi hotspot, etc.
  • the UE having IP capability is based on 3GPP access as well as non-3GPP access based on IP provided by an operator (ie, operator) through various elements in the EPC.
  • Service network eg IMS
  • IMS IMS
  • reference points such as S1-U and S1-MME may connect two functions existing in different functional entities.
  • a conceptual link connecting two functions existing in different functional entities of E-UTRAN and EPC is defined as a reference point.
  • Table 1 below summarizes the reference points shown in FIG. 4. In addition to the examples in Table 1, various reference points may exist according to the network structure.
  • This reference point can be used within PLMN- or between PLMNs (eg, in case of PLMN-inter-handover)) (It enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state .
  • This reference point can be used intra-PLMN or inter-PLMN (eg in the case of Inter-PLMN HO).)
  • S4 A reference point between the SGW and SGSN that provides the associated control and mobility support between the GPRS core and the SGW's 3GPP anchor function.
  • Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides the user plane tunneling, it provides related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW.
  • S5 A reference point that provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between SGW and PDN GW. It is used for SGW relocation when connection to a PDN GW not co-located with the SGW is required due to terminal mobility and required PDN connectivity (It provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used) for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity.) S11 Reference point for control plane protocol between MME and SGW SGi PDN A reference point between GW and PDN.
  • the PDN may be a public or private PDN outside the operator or an operator-in PDN (eg, IMS service).
  • This reference point corresponds to the Gi of 3GPP access (It is the reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network.Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, eg for provision of IMS services.This reference point corresponds to Gi for 3GPP accesses.)
  • S2a and S2b correspond to non-3GPP interfaces.
  • S2a is a reference point that provides control and mobility support between trusted non-3GPP access and PDN GW to the user plane.
  • S2b is a reference point that provides related control and mobility support between ePDG and PDN GW to the user plane.
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • the E-UTRAN system is an evolved system from the existing UTRAN system, and may be, for example, a 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system.
  • Communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice (eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)) through IMS and packet data.
  • voice eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
  • VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • an E-UMTS network includes an E-UTRAN, an EPC, and one or more UEs.
  • the E-UTRAN is composed of eNBs that provide a control plane and a user plane protocol to the UE, and the eNBs are connected through the X2 interface.
  • the X2 user plane interface (X2-U) is defined between eNBs.
  • the X2-U interface provides non-guaranteed delivery of a user plane packet data unit (PDU).
  • the X2 control plane interface (X2-CP) is defined between two neighboring eNBs. X2-CP performs functions such as context transfer between eNBs, control of a user plane tunnel between a source eNB and a target eNB, transfer of handover related messages, and uplink load management.
  • the eNB is connected to the terminal through a radio interface and to an evolved packet core (EPC) through the S1 interface.
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • the S1 user plane interface (S1-U) is defined between the eNB and a serving gateway (S-GW).
  • the S1 control plane interface (S1-MME) is defined between the eNB and a mobility management entity (MME).
  • the S1 interface performs an evolved packet system (EPS) bearer service management function, a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling transport function, network sharing, and MME load balancing function.
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • MME load balancing function The S1 interface supports many-to-many-relation between the eNB and the MME/S-GW.
  • MME is a NAS signaling security, AS (Access Stratum) security (security) control, CN (Core Network) inter-node (Inter-CN) signaling to support mobility between 3GPP access networks, (perform and control paging retransmission Including) idle (IDLE) mode UE accessibility (reachability), (for idle and active mode terminals) tracking area identifier (TAI: Tracking Area Identity) management, PDN GW and SGW selection, MME for handover in which the MME is changed Selection, SGSN selection for handover to 2G or 3G 3GPP access network, roaming, authentication, bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment, public warning system (PWS: Public Warning) System) (including the Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) and the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS)) message transmission support.
  • PWS Public Warning
  • ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
  • CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert System
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram showing the architecture of a general E-UTRAN and EPC.
  • the eNB is routing to the gateway, scheduling and transmission of a paging message, scheduling and transmission of a broadcast channel (BCH), in the uplink and downlink while the radio resource control (RRC) connection is active. It is possible to perform functions for dynamic allocation of resources to the UE, configuration and provision for measurement of the eNB, radio bearer control, radio admission control, and connection mobility control.
  • EPC paging status, LTE_IDLE state management, user plane encryption, SAE bearer control, NAS signaling encryption and integrity protection functions can be performed.
  • Annex J of 3GPP TR 23.799 shows various architectures combining 5G and 4G.
  • 3GPP TS 23.501 shows an architecture using NR and NGC.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram showing a structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a UE and an eNB
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing a structure of a radio interface protocol in a user plane between a UE and an eNB .
  • the air interface protocol is based on the 3GPP radio access network standard.
  • the wireless interface protocol horizontally consists of a physical layer, a data link layer, and a network layer, and vertically, a user plane for data information transmission and control It is divided into a control plane for signal transmission.
  • the protocol layers are L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model widely known in communication systems. ) Can be separated.
  • OSI Open System Interconnection
  • the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel.
  • the physical layer is connected to an upper medium access control layer through a transport channel, and data between the medium access control layer and the physical layer is transmitted through the transport channel.
  • data is transmitted between different physical layers, that is, between the physical layers of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel.
  • the physical channel is composed of several subframes on the time axis and several subcarriers on the frequency axis.
  • one subframe is composed of a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of subcarriers on the time axis.
  • One subframe is composed of a plurality of resource blocks (Resource Block), and one resource block is composed of a plurality of OFDM symbols (Symbol) and a plurality of subcarriers.
  • the transmission time interval (TTI) which is a unit time for transmitting data, is 1 ms corresponding to one subframe.
  • the physical channels existing in the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side are according to 3GPP LTE, a data channel PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and a control channel PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), It can be divided into PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel), PHICH (Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel), and PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel).
  • PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
  • PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer plays a role of mapping various logical channels to various transport channels, and also a logical channel that maps several logical channels to one transport channel. It plays the role of multiplexing.
  • the MAC layer is connected to the RLC layer, which is the upper layer, through a logical channel, and the logical channel largely includes a control channel that transmits information on the control plane according to the type of transmitted information. It is divided into a traffic channel that transmits information on the user plane.
  • the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer of the second layer adjusts the data size so that the lower layer is suitable for transmitting data through the radio section by segmenting and concatenating the data received from the upper layer. Play a role.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • the second layer's Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer is an IP that is relatively large in size and contains unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit in a wireless section with a small bandwidth when transmitting IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6. It performs a header compression function that reduces the packet header size.
  • the PDCP layer also performs a security function, which consists of encryption (Ciphering) to prevent data interception by a third party and integrity protection to prevent data manipulation by a third party.
  • the radio resource control (Radio Resource Control; hereinafter abbreviated as RRC) layer located at the top of the third layer is defined only in the control plane, and configuration and reconfiguration of radio bearers (Radio Bearer; abbreviated as RB) -configuration) and release (Release), and is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels and physical channels.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RB means a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN.
  • the UE When an RRC connection between the RRC of the UE and the RRC layer of the radio network is established (established), the UE is in an RRC connected mode, otherwise, it is in an RRC idle mode. .
  • the RRC state refers to whether the RRC of the UE is in a logical connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN, and when it is connected, it is called an RRC_CONNECTED state, and when it is not connected, it is called an RRC_IDLE state. Since the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state has an RRC connection, the E-UTRAN can determine the existence of the UE at the cell level, and thus can effectively control the UE.
  • the UE in the RRC_IDLE state cannot detect the existence of the UE by the E-UTRAN, and is managed by the core network in units of TA (Tracking Area), which is a larger area unit than the cell. That is, the UE in the RRC_IDLE state is only determined whether the UE exists in a larger area unit than the cell, and in order to receive a normal mobile communication service such as voice or data, the UE must transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • Each TA is classified through a tracking area identity (TAI).
  • the UE may configure the TAI through a tracking area code (TAC), which is information broadcasted from the cell.
  • TAC tracking area code
  • the UE When the user first turns on the power of the UE, the UE first searches for an appropriate cell, establishes an RRC connection in the cell, and registers the UE information in the core network. After that, the UE stays in the RRC_IDLE state. The UE staying in the RRC_IDLE state (re)selects a cell as necessary, and looks at system information or paging information. This is called camping on the cell. The UE that has stayed in the RRC_IDLE state establishes an RRC connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN through an RRC connection procedure and transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state when it is necessary to establish an RRC connection.
  • the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) layer located above the RRC layer performs functions such as connection management (Session Management) and mobility management (Mobility Management).
  • Evolved Session Management belonging to the NAS layer performs functions such as default bearer management and dedicated bearer management, and controls the UE to use the PS service from the network.
  • the default bearer resource has the characteristic that it is allocated from the network when it is connected to the network when it first accesses a specific Packet Data Network (PDN).
  • PDN Packet Data Network
  • the network allocates an IP address available to the UE so that the UE can use the data service, and also allocates QoS of the default bearer.
  • LTE largely supports two types of bearers with guaranteed bit rate (GBR) QoS characteristics that guarantee a specific bandwidth for data transmission/reception, and non-GBR bearers with best effort QoS characteristics without guaranteeing bandwidth.
  • GBR guaranteed bit rate
  • non-GBR bearer is allocated.
  • the bearer allocated to the UE in the network is called an evolved packet service (EPS) bearer, and when allocating the EPS bearer, the network allocates one ID. This is called the EPS bearer ID.
  • EPS bearer ID This is called the EPS bearer ID.
  • One EPS bearer has QoS characteristics of a maximum bit rate (MBR) or/and a guaranteed bit rate (GBR).
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an architecture of a general NR-RAN.
  • the NG-RAN node may be one of the following.
  • the gNB and ng-eNB are connected to each other through the Xn interface.
  • the gNB and ng-eNB through the NG interface to 5GC, more specifically through the NG-C interface, access and mobility management function (AMF), user plane function through the NG-U interface ( UPF: User Plane Function) (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • 10 is an exemplary diagram showing functional separation of a general NG-RAN and 5GC.
  • yellow boxes indicate logical nodes and white boxes indicate main functions.
  • the gNB and ng-eNB host the following functions.
  • Radio resource management function radio bearer control, radio admission control, access mobility control, dynamic resource allocation for UE in both uplink and downlink (scheduling)
  • the AMF selection in the IMT-2000 3GPP-UE attachment file If the routing for the AMF cannot be determined from the information provided by the UE, the AMF selection in the IMT-2000 3GPP-UE attachment file;
  • the AMF hosts the following main functions (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • UPF hosts the following main functions (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • -QoS processing for user plane e.g. packet filtering, gate, UL/DL rate enforcement
  • the Session Management Function hosts the following main functions (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • 11 shows an example of a general architecture of 5G.
  • Access and Mobility Management Function is a signaling between CN nodes for mobility between 3GPP access networks, radio access network (RAN) termination of CP interface (N2), NAS It supports functions such as termination of signaling (N1), registration management (registration area management), idle mode UE reachability, support for network slicing, and SMF selection.
  • RAN radio access network
  • N2 CP interface
  • NAS NAS It supports functions such as termination of signaling (N1), registration management (registration area management), idle mode UE reachability, support for network slicing, and SMF selection.
  • AMF Access Management Function
  • a data network means, for example, an operator service, an Internet connection, or a third party service.
  • the DN transmits a downlink protocol data unit (PDU) to the UPF or receives a PDU transmitted from the UE from the UPF.
  • PDU downlink protocol data unit
  • the policy control function receives packet flow information from an application server and provides a function of determining policies such as mobility management and session management.
  • a session management function provides a session management function, and when the UE has multiple sessions, each session may be managed by a different SMF.
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • Unified data management stores user subscription data and policy data.
  • User plane function delivers downlink PDUs received from DN to UE via (R)AN, and uplink PDU received from UE via (R)AN to DN. .
  • Application Function provides services (e.g., supports functions such as application impact on traffic routing, network capability exposure access, and interaction with the policy framework for policy control). Interacts with the 3GPP core network for this purpose.
  • Radio Access Network (R)AN: (Radio) Access Network
  • E-UTRA evolved E-UTRA
  • NR New Radio
  • gNB has functions for radio resource management (i.e., radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control), dynamic of resources to the UE in uplink/downlink It supports functions such as dynamic allocation of resources (ie, scheduling).
  • radio resource management i.e., radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control
  • dynamic of resources to the UE in uplink/downlink It supports functions such as dynamic allocation of resources (ie, scheduling).
  • UE User Equipment
  • a conceptual link connecting NFs in the 5G system is defined as a reference point.
  • N1 is a reference point between UE and AMF
  • N2 is a reference point between (R)AN and AMF
  • N3 is a reference point between (R)AN and UPF
  • N4 is a reference point between SMF and UPF
  • N6 is a reference point between UPF and data network
  • N9 is a reference point between the two core UPFs
  • N5 is a reference point between PCF and AF
  • N7 is a reference point between SMF and PCF
  • N24 is a PCF in a visited network and a PCF in a home network.
  • N8 is a reference point between UDM and AMF
  • N10 is a reference point between UDM and SMF
  • N11 is a reference point between AMF and SMF
  • N12 is a reference point between AMF and authentication server function (AUSF: Authentication Server function)
  • N13 is A reference point between UDM and AUSF
  • N14 is a reference point between two AMFs
  • N15 is a reference point between PCF and AMF in case of a non-roaming scenario
  • N16 is a reference point between two SMFs (in a roaming scenario, a reference point between an SMF in a visited network and an SMF between a home network)
  • N17 is a reference point between AMF and 5G-EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
  • N18 is AMF and UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Function)
  • N22 is a reference point between AMF and NSSF (Net
  • FIG. 11 for convenience of description, a reference model for a case in which the UE accesses one DN using one PDU session is illustrated, but is not limited thereto.
  • the EPS system was described using an eNB for convenience, but the eNB is gNB, the MM (mobility management) function of the MME is AMF, and the SM function of the S/P-GW is SMF, S/P- GW's user plane related functions can be replaced with 5G systems using UPF.
  • the eNB is gNB
  • the MM (mobility management) function of the MME is AMF
  • the SM function of the S/P-GW is SMF
  • S/P- GW's user plane related functions can be replaced with 5G systems using UPF.
  • each telecommunications service provider is making various attempts to prevent service disruption.
  • telecommunications carriers use a plurality of wired networks for a core network section in a wireless network, or if a problem occurs in one network node by installing a plurality of core networks such as AMF/MME, other network nodes perform backups. , Can prevent disconnection of communication service.
  • roaming can be used as the most efficient method. That is, if a problem occurs in the network of the communication service provider to which the user subscribes and cannot receive communication service, the communication service is provided by roaming to the network of another communication service provider. That is, each communication service provider actively installs a wireless network and a core network in an area where it is permitted.
  • each communication service provider actively installs a wireless network and a core network in an area where it is permitted.
  • the disasters listed as examples in the previous description may not have the same effect on all telecommunications carriers. This is because the possibility of a problem occurring with one communication service provider is also unlikely to occur with another communication service provider.
  • each service provider actively installs wireless networks and core networks in regions where they obtained licenses from actual legal institutions, but cannot install wireless/core networks because they do not have business rights in other regions.
  • a terminal leaves the region or country to which it subscribes, it receives roaming service through the communication network of another operator.
  • the roaming service cannot be received in the region due to the relationship between communication service providers in competition with each other.
  • a terminal has a problem with the wireless network to which it has subscribed and tries to access another network around it, from the perspective of other networks around it, the terminal is a terminal of its own competing communication network, so registration is rejected. Will do.
  • the registration rejection of the other communication network informs the restriction of the PLMN
  • the terminal continues to regard the communication network as a restricted PLMN and does not attempt a service request until the user directly intervenes. This causes a problem in that the terminal does not continuously attempt to access the service even though the competing communication death network and the subscriber network of the terminal enter into an agreement and temporarily allow roaming, thereby deteriorating the user experience.
  • this specification describes the PLMN restriction information managed by the terminal in the process of allowing the terminal to efficiently move to another communication network when a problem occurs in the communication network to which a terminal is connected and communication service cannot be provided from the communication network. By effectively managing the network, it is intended to minimize the disconnection of communication service provision to the terminal.
  • the network may inform the terminals of whether it provides national roaming, emergency roaming, or a similar name or purpose service. If the terminals are notified that such a service can be provided, the terminals receiving the service can check whether the network is forbidden or if the network corresponds to a PLMN for which access is prohibited. If the network is a PLMN that has been previously forbidden to access, and if it is determined that it meets the target of national roaming or emergency roaming, the network is removed from the previous access-prohibited PLMN list and the terminal You can try to connect.
  • the terminal registers in system 1 and receives a service (S1200).
  • the terminal detects the failure of system 1 (S1201).
  • the terminal may no longer receive a service from system 1 for some reason.
  • the terminal may periodically monitor whether it can receive service from system 1.
  • a message indicating that system 1 cannot provide a normal service may be received.
  • Such messages may be received from governments or network operators (eg, system 1 operators), and may contain information about these “disaster conditions”.
  • the terminal can configure system 1 failure related settings.
  • the terminal starts searching for another PLMN and selects an appropriate candidate (eg, system 2) (S1202).
  • an appropriate candidate eg, system 2
  • the terminal After camping on system 2, the terminal requests registration (S1203). For example, the terminal may transmit a registration request message to system 2.
  • System 2 recognizes that the terminal is a neighboring competitor's network (eg, a terminal in the same country and not its own subscriber), and rejects the registration request of the terminal (S1204). For example, System 2 may transmit a registration rejection message to the terminal. In this process, system 2 may inform the terminal that it is not an allowed PLMN by transmitting an appropriate cause value together.
  • a neighboring competitor's network eg, a terminal in the same country and not its own subscriber
  • the terminal manages system 2 as a forbidden PLMN, or stores it as a PLMN for which access is prohibited (S1205).
  • the terminal If there is no other candidate PLMN nearby, the terminal camps on system 2 and enters a limited service state (S1206). For example, if there is no selectable network not included in the forbidden PLMN list, the terminal may select system 2. In more detail, the terminal may perform an emergency call in a Limtied service state or receive system information such as SIB.
  • System 2 urgently enters into a service roaming contract with System 1 (S1207). Through this, system 2 can accept registration of terminals belonging to system 1.
  • System 2 provides services to terminals corresponding to national/emergency roaming or PLMN of system 1, or transmits information for a similar purpose to terminals (S1208).
  • a terminal that recognizes that system 2 now supports national/emergency roaming, etc. may exclude system 2 from a forbidden PLMN list or a network for which access is prohibited.
  • the terminal can perform a registration request to system 2 even though it is in the forbidden PLMN list.
  • the terminal now transmits a registration request message to system 2 (S1209).
  • System 2 notifies the terminal of successful registration and provides a service (S1210).
  • FIG 13 is an example of a display to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the terminal when receiving the registration rejection message through step S1204, the terminal displays information indicating that the PLMN is not allowed based on the cause value received together with the registration rejection message on the display. can do.
  • a message 1320 indicating that only limited services are available may be displayed on the display.
  • a message may be displayed via SMS, and may include a hyperlink 1321 to additionally provide information on limited services. If the user wants to additionally know the information of the limited service, it can be provided through hyperlink, and this information can be provided to the terminal in system 2.
  • the terminal may display an icon 1311 for recognizing a corresponding situation or indicating that the mode has been switched on a status bar of the display unit.
  • the icon 1311 may include a string of "LS" representing a limited service.
  • the icon 1311 may have a unique shape different from a widely used icon.
  • the icon 1311 may have the same shape as a simple icon, but may have a different display form.
  • the icon 1311 may be displayed while several icons representing different information are displayed together or changed.
  • information 1312 indicating signal strength received from the base station of system 2 may be displayed on a status bar of the display unit.
  • information (eg, No Service) 1313 indicating that system 1 service is impossible may be displayed on a status bar of the display unit.
  • the terminal may display a guide phrase indicating that only emergency calls are available on the screen of the phone application for limited services (eg, when only emergency calls are available) through step S1206.
  • the icon 1311 may include a string of "LS" representing a limited service.
  • the icon 1311 may have a unique shape different from a widely used icon.
  • the icon 1311 may have the same shape as a simple icon, but may have a different display form.
  • the icon 1311 may be displayed while several icons representing different information are displayed together or changed.
  • the icon 1311 may indicate information that only emergency calls are available.
  • information 1312 indicating signal strength received from the base station of system 2 may be displayed on a status bar of the display unit.
  • information (eg, No Service) 1313 indicating that system 1 service is impossible may be displayed on a status bar of the display unit.
  • the terminal through step S1206, when only a limited service (for example, emergency call or message service) is available, the icon of other applications other than the phone and message can be displayed in an inactive state.
  • the terminal may display icons of applications other than phone calls and messages in shades or in black and white.
  • the terminal can transparently display icons of applications other than calls and messages.
  • the terminal may display information (eg, limited service) indicating that other applications cannot be used on the display unit.
  • the terminal may display a notification message, a pop-up message, or a guide message indicating that the use is not possible.
  • the terminal may display a guide message including an input field for receiving a setting on whether to use a limited service from system 2. Through this, the terminal may receive a setting for using a limited service from a user.
  • the PLMN ID should be recorded in the "Forbidden PLMN" list stored in the data field of the SIM/USIM. If registration to a PLMN in the "forced PLMN" list is successful, the PLMN must be deleted from the list.
  • the PLMN of the network is deleted from the list.
  • PLMN A displays a list of PLMNs (list K) that support'country/emergency' roaming:
  • the UE When in automatic mode, the UE can mark a PLMN that it will not select because it is in the "forced PLMN" list.
  • the UE receives an equivalent PLMN list that includes PLMNs included in the "forced PLMN" list, this PLMN must be removed from the equivalent PLMN list before being stored by the UE.
  • the UE shall perform one of the following procedures determined by the indication of the reason for rejecting location updates sent by the network (3GPP TS 23.122 [3]).
  • the UE stores each tracking area ID or location area ID in the "5GS prohibited TA, prohibited TA or prohibited LA for providing regional service” list, and enters the restricted service state. The UE must maintain this state until it moves to a cell in a location area where service is allowed.
  • the UE stores the tracking area ID or the location area ID in the "5GS prohibited TA, prohibited TA, or roaming prohibited LA" list, respectively, and uses one of the following procedures according to the PLMN selection mode.
  • the UE stores the tracking area ID or the location area ID in the "5GS prohibited TA, prohibited TA or roaming prohibited LA" list, respectively, and searches for an appropriate cell in the same PLMN.
  • a suitable cell will belong to another TA or LA that does not belong to "Roaming Prohibited TA or LA".
  • the cell of the TA may be a cell suitable for one system, but the cell may not be a cell suitable for another system.
  • the PLMN list the prohibited PLMN list, and the prohibited TA list.
  • a method of indicating information that a certain PLMN supports national/emergency roaming or that it is necessary to exclude/update from PLMN restriction is as follows, for example. (For example, S1208 above)
  • a list stating that a PLMN supports national/emergency roaming may be transmitted through the SIB.
  • SIB1 contains related information when evaluating whether the UE can access the cell, and defines scheduling of other system information. It also includes radio resource configuration information common to all UEs and blocking information applied to integrated access control.
  • Table 2 is an example of an SIB1 message.
  • Table 3 is an example of description of the SIB1 field.
  • Parameter "Q rxlevminoffset” in q-RxLevMinOffset TS 38.304[20]. Actual value Q rxlevminoffset field value * 2 [dB]. If there is no such value, the UE applies (default) 0dB for Q rxlevminoffset . This affects the minimum Rx level required in the cell.
  • Parameter "Q rxlevminSUL " in TS 38.304 applied to the q-RxLevMinSUL serving cell uac-BarringForCommon Common access control parameters for each access category. The common value is used in all PLMNs unless overridden by the PLMN-specific settings provided in uac-BarringPerPLMN-List.
  • Example 1 Through the process in Example 1, the terminal receiving service using the network of another communication service provider in the area to which it has subscribed is, afterwards, when the communication network to which it originally subscribed is restored, the terminal is the network to which it originally subscribed. You must return to it quickly. To this end, the following method is proposed in this specification.
  • a terminal that has been provided with a national/emergency roaming service receives the above message from the network, it attempts to move and register with the network to which it originally subscribed.
  • This de-registration request message is transmitted to the UE by the AMF. See Table 4 below.
  • Table 4 illustrates the content of the DEREGISTRATION REQUEST message.
  • the de-registration type information may be extended and used to deliver information for a purpose similar to the above.
  • the terminal does not support national/emergency roaming anymore, or does not have its own HPLMN among PLMNs that support national/emergency roaming in the case where the SIB etc. are updated in the network in which it is staying, and the updated SIB information.
  • PLMN reselection is immediately performed. At this time, it first checks whether its HPLMN is available, and if so, attempts to access its HPLMN.
  • the terminal may be based on the PLMN code. That is, when a terminal accesses a PLMN with the same mobile country code (MCC) among its PLMN codes, it notifies that it is registering for an urgent reason as described above, and does not notify other cases.
  • MCC mobile country code
  • the above operations may be additionally performed for specific PLMNs designated in the SIM card of the terminal.
  • the terminal may move to another network according to an instruction from the wireless network of the HPLMN, or may move to another network when it cannot find the wireless network of the HPLMN.
  • the terminal and the network may use the subscription information of the terminal and the identifier code of the network in determining the operation for national roaming, emergency roaming or equivalent purpose. For example, according to the subscription information of a certain terminal, if the mobile country code (MCC) of the subscription information is 450, the terminal excluding its own home network, if the MCC of a certain network is 450, and the terminal When attempting to access such a network, the terminal may determine that it is a national roaming process or an emergency roaming process. Additionally, the terminal can similarly determine when it has EHPLMN (equivalnet home PLMN) information. Additionally, the terminal may have information on which MCC is to be determined as home by other settings.
  • EHPLMN Equivalnet home PLMN
  • the home network can perform the recovery process while the terminals subscribed to the home network receive services from other networks. Through this, when the home network is restored, the terminals receiving services from other neighboring networks must perform the process of returning to the home network.
  • a network hereinafter referred to as A network, A network, and PLMN A
  • B network B network, and PLMN B
  • subscribers of network A can receive communication services through network B.
  • a subscriber of network A may receive limited service through network B (S1501).
  • Network A determines that the failure has been recovered (S1502).
  • Network A requests network B to release its subscribers in order to return the terminals connected to network B to network A (S1503).
  • network B Upon receiving this, network B performs a release process for subscribers of network A (S1504).
  • network A requests to send its subscribers back to network A through network B in order to relocate subscribers who have subscribed to their network receiving services from network B when the problem occurring in its network is resolved. can send.
  • HSS/UDM checks information on its subscribers, and a terminal that is set to receive service from network B, or It is possible to identify registered terminals, and transmit information on these terminals to the B network, for example, MME/AMF.
  • MME/AMF MME/AMF.
  • the UDM/HSS of network A may issue a command to the AMF/MME of network B to release the access cancellation registration cancellation service for terminals belonging to its network.
  • the AMF/MME may release the connection of the terminals corresponding to the criteria.
  • network A may additionally transmit information to network B to determine at what speed network B disconnects a terminal subscribed to network A or how many terminals to send to network A per unit time. Upon receiving this, the B network can use this information, that is, to determine whether to return the terminal subscribed to the network A to the network A or release the connection according to the rate or speed indicated in this request.
  • network A may additionally transmit information about which terminals to be preferentially returned to network A to network B.
  • network A may present specific criteria, such as a terminal that does not have a call currently in progress, or a terminal currently in an idle mode, to network B. Through this, network B can be used to determine which terminal is preferentially returned to network A.
  • information about which terminal should not be sent can also be transferred from network A to network B.
  • network A may transmit information not to return to network B to a terminal in which an emergency call is in progress.
  • network A may additionally transmit information about which terminal to be returned to its network to network B. That is, when the restoration of network A is performed on a regional basis, network B can return the subscriber back to the original network from the area where the restoration was performed first.
  • Network B which has received the information, may operate according to the intention of the information.
  • network B may transmit information related thereto to the terminal in order to return the terminal subscribed to network A in the idle mode to network B. For example, the end of emergnency roaming may be notified, or for each cell or TA, including information that the corresponding cell or TA is no longer corresponding to emergency roaming, may be transmitted to the terminal.
  • the terminal receiving this can still stay in the B network if it has subscribed to the B network. If the receiving terminal subscribes to network A, after the time when the information is received, camping for network B is terminated, cells belonging to network A are searched for, and a registration process can be performed. In this process, when network B receives information similar to the number of terminals per unit time returning from network B to network A, for example, according to the information received from network A, network B may inform the terminal through SIB, etc. have. Upon receiving this, the terminal of network A may determine whether it should move to network A immediately or after a certain time, based on the above information, and operate accordingly. For example, the terminal may determine this by comparing the value with an arbitrary number.
  • network B can transmit information to go to a specific PLMN (for example, network A) to the terminal at the same time while disconnecting the RRC connection with the terminal, and the terminal receiving it Can move to the A network.
  • a specific PLMN for example, network A
  • the B network transmits a command such as, for example, RRC release or DEREGISTRATION command, to the terminal while terminating the connection with the terminal belonging to the network A, and emergency roaming is terminated or to a specific PLMN. You can order to move.
  • the terminal receiving this may move to network A according to the above command.
  • network B when network B provides a roaming service to a terminal in network A, this may be performed at a specific time in a specific area (eg, a disaster area and a time when disaster recovery is not performed).
  • the area for providing such roaming services may be gradually reduced.
  • the occurrence of the disaster itself must be communicated quickly so that the network can quickly decide which areas to provide roaming based on this.
  • this specification proposes an operation in which network A and network B can dynamically exchange such information.
  • NEF Network Exposure Function
  • NEF can instruct network nodes of network B to update the configuration information to accommodate subscribers of network A.
  • PCFs information exchange between PCFs. That is, when a disaster occurs, the area where communication service is not available in network A where the disaster occurs, and information about this can be transmitted to the PCF of network B (or via NEF, if necessary).
  • an authorized 3rd party for example, a server of a public institution of a government agency may be used.
  • network A does not provide information about network B, but when a government agency identifies a problem with a network, the government agency takes measures to accommodate network A subscribers for certain services in a certain area through network B. It can also convey an order to take.
  • the above invention can be used in various communication systems such as 3G/4G/5G using a similar method.
  • 16 is an embodiment of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the terminal checks a condition related to the connection state of the terminal (S1610).
  • the terminal may check a condition related to the connection state of the terminal by monitoring the connection state with the network.
  • the condition related to the connection state of the terminal may be checked by receiving information related to the condition related to the connection state of the terminal from the searched network.
  • information related to the condition related to the connection state of the terminal can be received from the network that was previously connected.
  • the condition related to the connection state of the terminal may be provided to the terminal through the network to which it was previously connected. It may be related to service interruption or failure. The interruption or failure of such a service may be caused by a disaster related to the PLMN to which the terminal is connected or a disaster in an area where the terminal is located.
  • the terminal selects a network included in the forbidden PLMN list based on a condition related to the connection state of the terminal (S1620).
  • the forbidden PLMN list is applicable to conditions related to the connection state of the terminal, and may include a list of networks in which the terminal can perform a registration request. Additionally, in order to select a network, the terminal may receive, from this network, information indicating whether the network is applicable to conditions related to the connection state of the terminal.
  • the terminal transmits a registration request message to the selected network (S1630).
  • the terminal receives a response message as a response to the registration request message from the selected network (S1640).
  • 17 is an embodiment of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the terminal checks a condition related to the connection state of the terminal (S1710).
  • the terminal may check a condition related to the connection state of the terminal by monitoring the connection state with the network.
  • the condition related to the connection state of the terminal may be checked by receiving information related to the condition related to the connection state of the terminal from the searched network.
  • information related to the condition related to the connection state of the terminal can be received from the network that was previously connected.
  • the condition related to the connection state of the terminal may be provided to the terminal through the network that was previously connected. It may be related to service interruption or failure. The interruption or failure of this service may be caused by a disaster related to the PLMN to which the terminal is connected or a disaster in an area where the terminal is located.
  • the terminal displays a window including an input button for allowing the first network included in the Forbidden PLMN list based on a condition related to the connection state of the terminal (S1720).
  • the terminal selects the first network (S1730).
  • the forbidden PLMN list is applicable to conditions related to the connection state of the terminal, and may include a list of networks in which the terminal can perform a registration request. Additionally, in order to select a network, the terminal may receive, from this network, information indicating whether the network is applicable to conditions related to the connection state of the terminal.
  • the terminal In connection with the first network, the terminal displays a notification message or a status icon indicating that only limited services are available (S1740).
  • the terminal may be in a state in which only the limited service is allowed through the first network.
  • the status icon may be included in a status bar of the terminal, and the status bar may further include information indicating the strength of a signal received from the first network.
  • the notification message may include information indicating the type of the restricted service.
  • the terminal transmits a registration request message to the first network (S1750).
  • the terminal receives a response message from the first network as a response to the registration request message (S1760).
  • the terminal may disable an icon of an application other than an application related to the type of the limited service, and may display the icon of the disabled application to have a shaded, black and white or transparent state.
  • the terminal may display a notification message indicating that the inactive application cannot be used.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • a wireless communication system includes a network node 1810 and a plurality of terminals (UEs) 1820.
  • UEs terminals
  • the network node 1810 includes a processor (processor, 1811), a memory (memory, 1812), and a communication module (communication module, 1813) (transceiver).
  • the processor 1811 implements the functions, processes and/or methods proposed in FIGS. 1 to 14 above. Layers of the wired/wireless interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 1811.
  • the memory 1812 is connected to the processor 1811 and stores various information for driving the processor 1811.
  • the communication module 1813 is connected to the processor 1811 and transmits and/or receives a wired/wireless signal.
  • a base station As an example of the network node 1810, a base station, AMF, SMF, UDF, and the like may correspond to this.
  • the communication module 1813 may include a radio frequency unit (RF) for transmitting/receiving a radio signal.
  • RF radio frequency unit
  • the terminal 1820 includes a processor 1821, a memory 1822, and a communication module (or RF unit) 1823 (transceiver).
  • the processor 1821 implements the functions, processes and/or methods proposed in FIGS. 1 to 16 above. Layers of the air interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 1821. In particular, the processor may include a NAS layer and an AS layer.
  • the memory 1822 is connected to the processor 1821 and stores various information for driving the processor 1821.
  • the communication module 1823 is connected to the processor 1821 and transmits and/or receives a radio signal.
  • the memories 1812 and 1822 may be inside or outside the processors 1811 and 1821, and may be connected to the processors 1811 and 1821 by various well-known means. Further, the network node 1810 (in the case of a base station) and/or the terminal 1820 may have a single antenna or multiple antennas.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating the terminal of FIG. 18 in more detail above.
  • the communication module shown in FIG. 18 includes an RF module (or RF unit) of FIG. 19.
  • the processor shown in FIG. 18 corresponds to the processor (or digital signal processor (DSP) 1910) in FIG. 19.
  • the memory shown in FIG. 18 corresponds to the memory 1930 of FIG. .
  • a terminal includes a processor (or digital signal processor (DSP) 1910), an RF module (or RF unit) 1935, and a power management module 1905. ), antenna (1940), battery (1955), display (1918), keypad (1920), memory (1930), SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) ) card) 1925 (this configuration is optional), a speaker 1945 and a microphone 1950.
  • the terminal may also include a single antenna or multiple antennas. I can.
  • the processor 1910 implements the functions, processes and/or methods proposed above.
  • the layer of the air interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 1910.
  • the memory 1930 is connected to the processor 1910 and stores information related to the operation of the processor 1910.
  • the memory 1930 may be inside or outside the processor 1910, and may be connected to the processor 1910 by various well-known means.
  • the user inputs command information such as a telephone number, for example, by pressing (or touching) a button on the keypad 1920 or by voice activation using the microphone 1950.
  • the processor 1910 receives the command information and processes to perform an appropriate function, such as dialing a phone number. Operational data may be extracted from the SIM card 1925 or the memory 1930. In addition, the processor 1910 may display command information or driving information on the display 1918 for user recognition and convenience.
  • the RF module 1935 is connected to the processor 1910 and transmits and/or receives an RF signal.
  • the processor 1910 transmits command information to the RF module 1935 to transmit, for example, a radio signal constituting voice communication data to initiate communication.
  • the RF module 1935 is composed of a receiver and a transmitter to receive and transmit radio signals.
  • the antenna 1940 functions to transmit and receive radio signals.
  • the RF module 1935 may transmit the signal for processing by the processor 1910 and convert the signal to baseband.
  • the processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker 1945.
  • 20 is an exemplary diagram showing the structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a UE and an eNodeB.
  • the air interface protocol is based on the 3GPP radio access network standard.
  • the radio interface protocol horizontally consists of a physical layer (Physical layer), a data link layer (Data Link layer), and a network layer (Network layer), and vertically, a user plane and control for data information transmission. It is divided into a control plane for signal transmission.
  • the protocol layers are L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the lower 3 layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model widely known in communication systems. ) Can be separated.
  • OSI Open System Interconnection
  • the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel.
  • the physical layer is connected to an upper medium access control layer through a transport channel, and data between the medium access control layer and the physical layer is transmitted through the transport channel.
  • data is transmitted between different physical layers, that is, between the physical layers of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel.
  • the physical channel is composed of several subframes on the time axis and several sub-carriers on the frequency axis.
  • one sub-frame is composed of a plurality of symbols and a plurality of subcarriers on the time axis.
  • One subframe is composed of a plurality of resource blocks (Resource Block), and one resource block is composed of a plurality of symbols (Symbol) and a plurality of subcarriers.
  • the transmission time interval (TTI) which is a unit time for transmitting data, is 1 ms corresponding to one subframe.
  • the physical channels existing in the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side are according to 3GPP LTE, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) as a control channel, It can be divided into PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel), PHICH (Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel), and PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel).
  • PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
  • PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the PCFICH transmitted in the first OFDM symbol of a subframe carries a control format indicator (CFI) regarding the number of OFDM symbols (ie, the size of the control region) used for transmission of control channels within the subframe.
  • CFI control format indicator
  • the wireless device first receives the CFI on the PCFICH and then monitors the PDCCH.
  • the PCFICH is transmitted through a fixed PCFICH resource of a subframe without using blind decoding.
  • the PHICH carries a positive-acknowledgement (ACK)/negative-acknowledgement (NACK) signal for UL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).
  • ACK positive-acknowledgement
  • NACK negative-acknowledgement
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the ACK/NACK signal for UL (uplink) data on the PUSCH transmitted by the wireless device is transmitted on the PHICH.
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • SIB system information block
  • PDCCH is a resource allocation and transmission format of a downlink-shared channel (DL-SCH), resource allocation information of an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH), paging information on PCH, system information on DL-SCH, random access transmitted on PDSCH Resource allocation of a higher layer control message such as a response, a set of transmission power control commands for individual UEs within a certain UE group, and activation of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) may be carried.
  • a plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted within the control region, and the UE may monitor the plurality of PDCCHs.
  • the PDCCH is transmitted on an aggregation of one or several consecutive control channel elements (CCEs).
  • CCEs control channel elements
  • CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide a PDCCH with a coding rate according to a state of a radio channel.
  • CCE corresponds to a plurality of resource element groups.
  • the format of the PDCCH and the number of bits of the allowed PDCCH are determined according to the correlation between the number of CCEs and the coding rate provided by the CCEs.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • PDSCH also referred to as a DL grant (downlink grant)
  • resource allocation of a PUSCH also referred to as a UL grant (uplink grant)
  • VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • the medium access control (MAC) layer plays a role of mapping various logical channels to various transport channels, and also, a logical channel multiplexing method that maps several logical channels to one transport channel. Play a role.
  • the MAC layer is connected to the RLC layer, which is the upper layer, through a logical channel, and the logical channel has a control channel that transmits information on the control plane according to the type of information transmitted. It is divided into a traffic channel that transmits information on the user plane.
  • the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer of the second layer adjusts the data size so that the lower layer is suitable for transmitting data through the radio section by segmenting and concatenating the data received from the upper layer. Play a role.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • TM Transparent mode, transparent mode
  • UM Un-acknowledged mode, non-response mode
  • AM Acknowledged mode, Response mode
  • AM RLC performs a retransmission function through an automatic repeat and request (ARQ) function for reliable data transmission.
  • the second layer's Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer is an IP that is relatively large in size and contains unnecessary control information for efficient transmission in a wireless section with a small bandwidth when transmitting an IP packet such as IPv4 or IPv6. It performs a header compression function that reduces the packet header size. This serves to increase transmission efficiency of a wireless section by transmitting only necessary information in the header part of the data.
  • the PDCP layer also performs a security function, which consists of encryption (Ciphering) to prevent data interception by a third party and integrity protection (Integrity protection) to prevent data manipulation by a third party.
  • the radio resource control (Radio Resource Control; hereinafter abbreviated as RRC) layer located at the top of the third layer is defined only in the control plane, and the setting (setting) and reconfiguration of radio bearers (Radio Bearer; abbreviated as RB) (Re -It is in charge of control of logical channels, transport channels and physical channels related to setting) and release.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RB means a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN.
  • the terminal When there is an RRC connection between the RRC of the terminal and the RRC layer of the wireless network, the terminal is in an RRC connected state (connected mode), and otherwise, it is in an RRC idle state (Idle mode).
  • the RRC state refers to whether the RRC of the terminal is in a logical connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN, and when it is connected, it is called an RRC_CONNECTED state, and when it is not connected, it is called an RRC_IDLE state. Since the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state has an RRC connection, the E-UTRAN can determine the existence of the UE at the cell level, and thus can effectively control the UE.
  • the E-UTRAN cannot determine the existence of the UE, and the core network is managed by the TA (Tracking Area) unit, which is a larger area unit than the cell. That is, the UE in the RRC_IDLE state is only aware of the existence of the corresponding UE in a larger area unit than the cell, and in order to receive a normal mobile communication service such as voice or data, the UE must transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • Each TA is classified through a tracking area identity (TAI).
  • the terminal may configure the TAI through a tracking area code (TAC), which is information broadcasted from the cell.
  • TAC tracking area code
  • the terminal When the user first turns on the power of the terminal, the terminal first searches for an appropriate cell, establishes an RRC connection in the cell, and registers the terminal information in the core network. After this, the terminal stays in the RRC_IDLE state. The terminal staying in the RRC_IDLE state selects a cell (re) if necessary, and looks at system information or paging information. This is called camping on the cell. The UE that has stayed in the RRC_IDLE state establishes an RRC connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN through an RRC connection procedure and transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state when it is necessary to establish an RRC connection.
  • the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) layer performs functions such as connection management (Session Management) and mobility management (Mobility Management).
  • the NAS layer is divided into a NAS entity for MM (Mobility Management) and a NAS entity for SM (Session Management).
  • NAS entity for MM provides the following functions in general.
  • NAS procedures related to AMF including the following.
  • AMF supports the following functions.
  • the NAS entity for the SM performs session management between the UE and the SMF.
  • the SM signaling message is processed, that is, generated and processed at the NAS-SM layer of the UE and SMF.
  • the contents of the SM signaling message are not interpreted by the AMF.
  • the NAS entity for the MM generates a NAS-MM message that derives how and where to deliver the SM signaling message through the security header representing the NAS transmission of SM signaling, and additional information about the receiving NAS-MM.
  • the NAS entity for the SM upon receiving the SM signaling, performs an integrity check of the NAS-MM message, analyzes the additional information, and derives a method and place to derive the SM signaling message.
  • an RRC layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer located below the NAS layer are collectively referred to as an Access Stratum (AS).
  • AS Access Stratum
  • the wireless device includes a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, Robots, Augmented Reality (AR) devices, Virtual Reality (VR) devices, MTC devices, IoT devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate/environment devices, or other 4th industrial revolution fields or It may be a device related to 5G service.
  • a drone may be a vehicle that is not human and is flying by a radio control signal.
  • the MTC device and the IoT device are devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation, and may be smart meters, bending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, and various sensors.
  • a medical device is a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, treating or preventing diseases, as a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing or modifying a structure or function, such as medical equipment, surgical devices, ( In vitro) diagnostic devices, hearing aids, surgical devices, and the like.
  • a security device is a device installed to prevent a risk that may occur and maintain safety, and may be a camera, a CCTV, or a black box.
  • a fintech device is a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payment, and may be a payment device, a point of sales (POS), or the like.
  • the climate/environment device may mean a device that monitors and predicts climate/environment.
  • Mobile terminals described in this specification include mobile phones, smart phones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation systems, and slate PCs.
  • Tablet PC tablet PC
  • ultrabook ultrabook
  • wearable device wearable device, for example, smartwatch, glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • embodiments of the present specification may be implemented through various means.
  • the embodiments of the present specification may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the method according to the embodiments of the present specification includes one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs). , Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • processors controllers
  • microcontrollers microcontrollers
  • microprocessors and the like.
  • the method according to the embodiments of the present specification may be implemented in the form of an apparatus, procedure, or function that performs the functions or operations described above.
  • the software code may be stored in a memory unit and driven by a processor.
  • the memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor, and may exchange data with the processor through various known means.
  • the above-described specification is allowed to be implemented as a computer-readable code on a medium in which a program is recorded.
  • the computer-readable medium includes all types of recording devices storing data that can be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable media include HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Disk), SDD (Silicon Disk Drive), ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, etc. There is also a carrier wave (e.g., transmission over the Internet). Further, the computer may include a processor Y120 of the terminal. Therefore, the detailed description above should not be construed as restrictive in all respects and should be considered as illustrative. The scope of this specification should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of this specification are included in the scope of this specification.
  • the communication method as described above is allowed to be applied not only to the 3GPP system, but also to various wireless communication systems including IEEE 802.16x and 802.11x systems. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to a mmWave communication system using an ultra-high frequency band.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de sélection d'un réseau pour qu'un terminal effectue une inscription dans un système de communication sans fil, et le procédé peut comprendre les étapes suivantes : vérifier une condition associée à un état de connexion du terminal; en fonction de la condition associée à l'état de connexion du terminal, afficher une fenêtre contenant un bouton d'entrée pour autoriser un premier réseau inclus dans une liste de PLMN interdits; sélectionner le premier réseau lorsqu'un signal pour autoriser le premier réseau est entré par l'intermédiaire du bouton d'entrée; par rapport au premier réseau, afficher une icône d'état ou un message de notification indiquant que seul un service limité est disponible, le terminal étant dans un état dans lequel seul le service limité est autorisé par l'intermédiaire du premier réseau; transmettre un message de demande d'inscription au premier réseau; et recevoir, du premier réseau, un message de réponse en réponse au message de demande d'inscription.
PCT/KR2020/095054 2019-04-26 2020-03-30 Procédé de sélection de réseau dans un système de communication sans fil WO2020218910A1 (fr)

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