WO2020076144A1 - Procédé de configuration, à un réseau, de capacité d'un terminal prenant en charge de multiples systèmes d'accès sans fil dans un système de communication sans fil, et dispositif associé - Google Patents

Procédé de configuration, à un réseau, de capacité d'un terminal prenant en charge de multiples systèmes d'accès sans fil dans un système de communication sans fil, et dispositif associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020076144A1
WO2020076144A1 PCT/KR2019/013451 KR2019013451W WO2020076144A1 WO 2020076144 A1 WO2020076144 A1 WO 2020076144A1 KR 2019013451 W KR2019013451 W KR 2019013451W WO 2020076144 A1 WO2020076144 A1 WO 2020076144A1
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Prior art keywords
terminal
information
network
rat
capability
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PCT/KR2019/013451
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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천성덕
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엘지전자 주식회사
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Publication of WO2020076144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020076144A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • This specification provides a method of setting a terminal that supports a plurality of wireless access methods in a system for providing mobile communication services to terminals and also supports the prohibition of use of some wireless access methods under the control of a user or operator.
  • the communication system supports the stable operation of the system by stably providing the function And methods.
  • a wireless communication system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.).
  • Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA).
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • MC multi-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • M2M device-to-machine communication
  • the carrier aggregation technology, the cognitive radio technology, etc. for efficiently using more frequency bands, and the data capacity transmitted within a limited frequency are increased.
  • Multi-antenna technology, multi-base station cooperation technology, and the like are developing.
  • Node refers to a fixed point (point) capable of transmitting / receiving a radio signal with the UE having one or more antennas.
  • a communication system with a high density of nodes can provide a higher performance communication service to the UE through cooperation between nodes.
  • the purpose of this specification is to propose a method for setting a capability of a terminal supporting a plurality of wireless access schemes in a network.
  • an object of the present specification is to propose a method for setting, by a user or a home operator, the ability of a terminal to support the use of some wireless access methods in a network.
  • a radio resource control (RRC: Radio Resource Control) of a terminal in a wireless communication system sets capability of the terminal to a network.
  • a method comprising: receiving, from a base station, a request message requesting information about the capability of the terminal; And transmitting, to the base station, information regarding the capability of the terminal as a response to the request message.
  • the capability of the terminal may be related to the radio access technology (RAT) supported by the terminal.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the disallowed RAT information when the RAT supported by the terminal is disallowed (disallowed), transmitting to the network node, the disallowed RAT information; It may further include.
  • the RAT supported by the terminal is re-allowed (reallowed), transmitting to the network node, the information of the re-allowed RAT; It may further include.
  • a handover is performed; It may further include.
  • the network node may be a node associated with the mobility management entity (MME) or mobility or session management of the terminal.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • the information on the capabilities of the terminal may include information of the RAT that is not allowed by the user or the HPLMN (Home Public Land Mobile Network).
  • the HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network
  • a non-access stratum (NAS) of a terminal sets capability of the terminal to a network.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the network node responds to the request message
  • the capability of the terminal may be related to the radio access technology (RAT) supported by the terminal.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the RAT supported by the terminal when the RAT supported by the terminal is disallowed (disallowed), transmitting the information of the disallowed RAT to the network node; It may further include.
  • the RAT supported by the terminal is re-allowed (reallowed), transmitting to the network node, the information of the re-allowed RAT; It may further include.
  • the network node may be a node associated with the mobility management entity (MME) or mobility or session management of the terminal.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • the information on the capabilities of the terminal may include information of an allowed or disallowed RAT by a user or a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN).
  • HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network
  • a terminal sets capability of the terminal to a network.
  • a method comprising: displaying an input screen for receiving setting information for disallowing a supported RAT (Radio Access Technology) or a CN (Core Network) supported by the terminal; Setting information on the capabilities of the terminal based on the received setting information through the input screen; Receiving, from a base station, a request message requesting information about the capability of the terminal; And transmitting, to the base station, information regarding the capability of the terminal as a response to the request message. It may include.
  • the RAT supported by the terminal is not allowed by the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN)
  • the RAT supported by the terminal is not allowed by the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN)
  • blinding a field related to the RAT not allowed by the HPLMN on the input screen may further include.
  • the RAT supported by the terminal is not allowed by the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN)
  • displaying an indication for notifying the RAT not allowed by the HPLMN on the input screen may further include.
  • the terminal for the communication with the network displaying an indication for informing information about the RAT or CN in use; It may further include.
  • a transceiver in the terminal for setting the capability (capability) of the terminal in the network in a wireless communication system, a transceiver (transceiver); Display unit; Memory; And a processor that controls the transceiver, the display unit, and the memory.
  • the display unit Including, the display unit, the terminal supported (supported) (Radio Access Technology) RAT (Radio Access Technology) or CN (Core Network) for disabling (disallowed) to display the input screen for receiving the input information
  • the processor Through the input screen, based on the received setting information, information on the capability of the terminal is set, and the transceiver receives a request message requesting information on the capability of the terminal from the base station, and the The transceiver may transmit information regarding the capability of the terminal to the base station in response to the request message.
  • the capability of a terminal supporting a plurality of radio access methods may be set in a network.
  • the user or the home operator by the user or the home operator, it is possible to set the ability of the terminal to support the use of some wireless access method in the network.
  • FIG 1 shows an AI device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG 2 shows an AI server according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG 3 shows an AI system according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • EPS Evolved Packet System
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram showing the architecture of a typical E-UTRAN and EPC.
  • Radio Interface Protocol Radio Interface Protocol
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing a structure of a radio interface protocol in a user plane between a UE and an eNB.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a general NR-RAN architecture.
  • 10 is an exemplary view showing the functional separation of general NG-RAN and 5GC.
  • FIG. 11 is an exemplary view showing a structure of a radio interface protocol (Radio Interface Protocol) in a control plane between a UE and an eNodeB.
  • Radio Interface Protocol Radio Interface Protocol
  • 12 is an example of a case in which an NR, that is, only 5G wireless access technology is additionally utilized in an existing EPS system.
  • FIG. 13 is an exemplary diagram of a case in which LTE radio access is additionally added in a situation in which NG RAN and NGC are utilized.
  • 17 is an embodiment of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • 19 is an example of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • 20 to 22 are examples of a user interface module to which the present specification can be applied.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • each component or feature can be considered to be optional unless stated otherwise.
  • Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features.
  • some components and / or features may be combined to form an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the order of the operations described in the embodiments of the present specification may be changed. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of other embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the present specification may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of wireless access systems, IEEE 802.xx system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE system, and 3GPP2 system. That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present specification may be described with reference to the documents.
  • 3GPP TS 36.211 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP TS 36.322, 3GPP TS 36.323, 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 23.203, 3GPP TS 23.401, 3GPP TS 24.301, 3GPP TS 23.228, 3GPP TS 29.228 , 3GPP TS 23.218, 3GPP TS 22.011, 3GPP TS 36.413, or may be supported by one or more of the standard documents (incorporate by reference).
  • a base station has a meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a terminal. Certain operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases. That is, it is apparent that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station can be performed by a base station or other network nodes other than the base station.
  • BS Base station
  • eNB evolved-NodeB
  • BTS base transceiver system
  • AP general NB
  • the 'terminal (Terminal)' may be fixed or mobile, UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS ( It can be replaced with terms such as Advanced Mobile Station (WT), Wireless terminal (WT), Machine-Type Communication (MTC) device, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) device, and Device-to-Device (D2D) device.
  • WT Advanced Mobile Station
  • WT Wireless terminal
  • MTC Machine-Type Communication
  • M2M Machine-to-Machine
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • downlink means communication from a base station to a terminal
  • uplink means communication from a terminal to a base station.
  • the transmitter may be part of the base station, and the receiver may be part of the terminal.
  • the transmitter may be part of the terminal, and the receiver may be part of the base station.
  • 3GPP LTE / LTE-A / NR New Radio
  • 3GPP LTE / LTE-A / NR New Radio
  • the three main requirements areas of 5G are: (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) area, (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) area, and (3) Super-reliability and Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) domain.
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
  • URLLC Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications
  • KPI key performance indicator
  • eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access, and covers media and entertainment applications in rich interactive work, cloud or augmented reality.
  • Data is one of the key drivers of 5G, and it may not be possible to see dedicated voice services for the first time in the 5G era.
  • voice will be processed as an application program simply using the data connection provided by the communication system.
  • the main causes for increased traffic volume are increased content size and increased number of applications requiring high data rates.
  • Streaming services audio and video
  • interactive video and mobile internet connections will become more widely used as more devices connect to the internet. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users.
  • Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms, which can be applied to both work and entertainment.
  • cloud storage is a special use case that drives the growth of uplink data transfer rate.
  • 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud, requiring much lower end-to-end delay to maintain a good user experience when a tactile interface is used.
  • Entertainment For example, cloud gaming and video streaming are another key factor in increasing demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets anywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, cars and airplanes.
  • Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment.
  • augmented reality requires a very low delay and an instantaneous amount of data.
  • URLLC includes new services that will transform the industry through ultra-reliable / low-tolerant, low-latency links such as remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. Reliability and level of delay are essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, drone control and coordination.
  • 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) as a means to provide streams rated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabit per second. This fast speed is required to deliver TV in 4K (6K, 8K and higher) resolutions as well as virtual and augmented reality.
  • Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sports events. Certain application programs may require special network settings. For VR games, for example, game companies may need to integrate the core server with the network operator's edge network server to minimize latency.
  • Automotive is expected to be an important new driver for 5G, along with many use cases for mobile communications to vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires simultaneous high capacity and high mobility mobile broadband. This is because future users continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed.
  • Another example of application in the automotive field is the augmented reality dashboard. It identifies objects in the dark over what the driver sees through the front window, and superimposes and displays information telling the driver about the distance and movement of the object.
  • wireless modules will allow communication between vehicles, exchange of information between the vehicle and the supporting infrastructure, and exchange of information between the vehicle and other connected devices (eg, devices carried by pedestrians).
  • the safety system helps the driver to reduce the risk of accidents by guiding alternative courses of action to make driving safer.
  • the next step will be remote control or a self-driven vehicle.
  • This requires very reliable and very fast communication between different self-driving vehicles and between the vehicle and the infrastructure.
  • self-driving vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will focus only on traffic beyond which the vehicle itself cannot identify.
  • the technical requirements of self-driving vehicles require ultra-low delays and ultra-high-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to levels beyond human reach.
  • Smart cities and smart homes will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks.
  • the distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify the conditions for cost and energy-efficient maintenance of the city or home. Similar settings can be made for each assumption.
  • Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms and consumer electronics are all connected wirelessly. Many of these sensors are typically low data rates, low power and low cost. However, for example, real-time HD video may be required in certain types of devices for surveillance.
  • the smart grid interconnects these sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect information and act accordingly. This information can include supplier and consumer behavior, so smart grids can improve efficiency, reliability, economics, sustainability of production and distribution of fuels like electricity in an automated way.
  • the smart grid can be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.
  • the health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobile communications.
  • the communication system can support telemedicine that provides clinical care from a distance. This can help reduce barriers to distance and improve access to medical services that are not continuously available in remote rural areas. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations.
  • a wireless sensor network based on mobile communication can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Thus, the ability to replace cables with wireless links that can be reconfigured is an attractive opportunity in many industries. However, achieving this requires that the wireless connection operates with cable-like delay, reliability and capacity, and that management is simplified. Low latency and very low error probability are new requirements that need to be connected to 5G.
  • Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications that allow for the tracking of inventory and packages from anywhere using location-based information systems.
  • Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require low data rates, but require wide range and reliable location information.
  • Machine learning refers to the field of studying the methodology to define and solve various problems in the field of artificial intelligence. do.
  • Machine learning is defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a job through steady experience.
  • An artificial neural network is a model used in machine learning, and may mean an overall model having a problem-solving ability, composed of artificial neurons (nodes) forming a network through a combination of synapses.
  • the artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and an activation function that generates output values.
  • the artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network can include neurons and synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an input function input through a synapse, a weight, and an active function for bias.
  • the model parameter means a parameter determined through learning, and includes weights of synaptic connections and bias of neurons.
  • the hyperparameter means a parameter that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and includes learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, initialization function, and the like.
  • the purpose of training an artificial neural network can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize the loss function.
  • the loss function can be used as an index for determining an optimal model parameter in the learning process of an artificial neural network.
  • Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to the learning method.
  • Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network while a label for training data is given, and a label is a correct answer (or a result value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network.
  • Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without a label for learning data.
  • Reinforcement learning may mean a learning method in which an agent defined in a certain environment is trained to select an action or a sequence of actions to maximize cumulative reward in each state.
  • Machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) that includes a plurality of hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also referred to as deep learning (deep learning), and deep learning is part of machine learning.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • machine learning is used to mean deep learning.
  • a robot can mean a machine that automatically handles or acts on a task given by its own capabilities.
  • a robot having a function of recognizing the environment and performing an operation by determining itself can be referred to as an intelligent robot.
  • Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, and military according to the purpose or field of use.
  • the robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint.
  • a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint.
  • the robot that is allowed to move includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in the driving unit, so that it can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driving unit.
  • Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving on its own, and autonomous driving means a vehicle that operates without a user's manipulation or with a minimum manipulation of the user.
  • a technology that maintains a driving lane a technology that automatically adjusts speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology that automatically drives along a predetermined route, and a technology that automatically sets a route when a destination is set, etc. All of this can be included.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle having only an internal combustion engine, a hybrid vehicle having both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and an electric vehicle having only an electric motor, and may include a train, a motorcycle, etc. as well as a vehicle.
  • the autonomous vehicle can be viewed as a robot having an autonomous driving function.
  • Augmented reality refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
  • VR technology provides real-world objects or backgrounds only as CG images
  • AR technology provides CG images made virtually on real objects
  • MR technology is a computer that mixes and combines virtual objects in the real world.
  • MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows both real and virtual objects.
  • a virtual object is used as a complement to a real object, whereas in MR technology, there is a difference in that a virtual object and a real object are used with equal characteristics.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • mobile phone tablet PC, laptop, desktop, TV, digital signage, etc. It can be called.
  • FIG 1 shows an AI device 100 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the AI device 100 is a TV, projector, mobile phone, smartphone, desktop computer, laptop, digital broadcasting terminal, PDA (personal digital assistants), PMP (portable multimedia player), navigation, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB) ), DMB receivers, radios, washing machines, refrigerators, desktop computers, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc., can be implemented as fixed devices or devices that allow movement.
  • PDA personal digital assistants
  • PMP portable multimedia player
  • STB set-top box
  • DMB receivers radios
  • washing machines refrigerators
  • desktop computers digital signage
  • robots, vehicles, etc. can be implemented as fixed devices or devices that allow movement.
  • the terminal 100 includes a communication unit 110, an input unit 120, a running processor 130, a sensing unit 140, an output unit 150, a memory 170, a processor 180, and the like. It can contain.
  • the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive data to and from external devices such as other AI devices 100a to 100e or the AI server 200 using wired / wireless communication technology.
  • the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive sensor information, a user input, a learning model, a control signal, etc. with external devices.
  • the communication technology used by the communication unit 110 includes Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multi Access (CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, Wireless LAN (WLAN), and Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi). ), Bluetooth (Radio Frequency Identification), RFID (Infrared Data Association; IrDA), ZigBee, Near Field Communication (NFC), and the like.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multi Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 5G Fifth Generation
  • Wi-Fi Wireless-Fidelity
  • Bluetooth Radio Frequency Identification
  • RFID Infrared Data Association
  • ZigBee ZigBee
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the input unit 120 may acquire various types of data.
  • the input unit 120 may include a camera for inputting a video signal, a microphone for receiving an audio signal, a user input unit for receiving information from a user, and the like.
  • the camera or microphone is treated as a sensor, and the signal obtained from the camera or microphone may be referred to as sensing data or sensor information.
  • the input unit 120 may acquire training data for model training and input data to be used when obtaining an output using the training model.
  • the input unit 120 may obtain raw input data.
  • the processor 180 or the learning processor 130 may extract input features as pre-processing of the input data.
  • the learning processor 130 may train a model composed of artificial neural networks using the training data.
  • the trained artificial neural network may be referred to as a learning model.
  • the learning model can be used to infer a result value for new input data rather than learning data, and the inferred value can be used as a basis for determining to perform an action.
  • the learning processor 130 may perform AI processing together with the learning processor 240 of the AI server 200.
  • the learning processor 130 may include a memory integrated or implemented in the AI device 100.
  • the learning processor 130 may be implemented using memory 170, external memory directly coupled to the AI device 100, or memory maintained in the external device.
  • the sensing unit 140 may acquire at least one of AI device 100 internal information, AI device 100 environment information, and user information using various sensors.
  • the sensors included in the sensing unit 140 include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and a lidar. , And radar.
  • the output unit 150 may generate output related to vision, hearing, or tactile sense.
  • the output unit 150 may include a display unit for outputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditory information, a haptic module for outputting tactile information, and the like.
  • the memory 170 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 100.
  • the memory 170 may store input data, learning data, learning models, learning history, etc. acquired by the input unit 120.
  • the processor 180 may determine at least one execution-allowed operation of the AI device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. Also, the processor 180 may control components of the AI device 100 to perform a determined operation.
  • the processor 180 may request, search, receive, or utilize data of the learning processor 130 or the memory 170, and among the at least one execution-permitted operation, a predicted operation or an operation determined to be desirable It is possible to control the components of the AI device 100 to execute.
  • the processor 180 may generate a control signal for controlling the corresponding external device, and transmit the generated control signal to the corresponding external device when it is necessary to link the external device to perform the determined operation.
  • the processor 180 may acquire intention information for a user input, and determine a user's requirement based on the obtained intention information.
  • the processor 180 uses at least one of a Speech To Text (STT) engine for converting voice input into a string or a Natural Language Processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intention information of a natural language, and a user Intention information corresponding to an input may be obtained.
  • STT Speech To Text
  • NLP Natural Language Processing
  • At this time, at least one of the STT engine or the NLP engine may be configured as an artificial neural network at least partially learned according to a machine learning algorithm. And, at least one or more of the STT engine or the NLP engine is learned by the learning processor 130, learned by the learning processor 240 of the AI server 200, or learned by distributed processing thereof May be
  • the processor 180 collects history information including the user's feedback on the operation content or operation of the AI device 100 and stores it in the memory 170 or the running processor 130, or the AI server 200, etc. Can be sent to external devices. The collected history information can be used to update the learning model.
  • the processor 180 may control at least some of the components of the AI device 100 to drive an application program stored in the memory 170. Furthermore, the processor 180 may operate by combining two or more of the components included in the AI device 100 with each other to drive the application program.
  • FIG 2 shows an AI server 200 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the AI server 200 may refer to an apparatus for learning an artificial neural network using a machine learning algorithm or using a trained artificial neural network.
  • the AI server 200 may be composed of a plurality of servers to perform distributed processing, or may be defined as a 5G network.
  • the AI server 200 is included as a configuration of a part of the AI device 100, and may perform at least a part of AI processing together.
  • the AI server 200 may include a communication unit 210, a memory 230, a running processor 240 and a processor 260.
  • the communication unit 210 may transmit and receive data with an external device such as the AI device 100.
  • the memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231.
  • the model storage unit 231 may store a model (or artificial neural network, 231a) being trained or trained through the learning processor 240.
  • the learning processor 240 may train the artificial neural network 231a using learning data.
  • the learning model may be used while being mounted on the AI server 200 of the artificial neural network, or may be mounted and used on an external device such as the AI device 100.
  • the learning model can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. When part or all of the learning model is implemented in software, one or more instructions constituting the learning model may be stored in the memory 230.
  • the processor 260 may infer the result value for the new input data using the learning model, and generate a response or control command based on the inferred result value.
  • FIG 3 shows an AI system 1 according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the AI system 1 includes at least one of an AI server 200, a robot 100a, an autonomous vehicle 100b, an XR device 100c, a smartphone 100d, or a home appliance 100e. It is connected to the cloud network 10.
  • the robot 100a to which the AI technology is applied, the autonomous vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smartphone 100d, or the home appliance 100e may be referred to as the AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the cloud network 10 may form a part of the cloud computing infrastructure or may mean a network existing in the cloud computing infrastructure.
  • the cloud network 10 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, or a 5G network.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • each device (100a to 100e, 200) constituting the AI system 1 may be connected to each other through the cloud network (10).
  • the devices 100a to 100e and 200 may communicate with each other through a base station, but may communicate with each other directly without passing through the base station.
  • the AI server 200 may include a server performing AI processing and a server performing operations on big data.
  • the AI server 200 includes at least one or more among robots 100a, autonomous vehicles 100b, XR devices 100c, smart phones 100d, or home appliances 100e, which are AI devices constituting the AI system 1. It is connected through the cloud network 10 and can assist at least some of the AI processing of the connected AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the AI server 200 may train the artificial neural network according to the machine learning algorithm in place of the AI devices 100a to 100e, and may directly store the learning model or transmit it to the AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the AI server 200 receives input data from the AI devices 100a to 100e, infers a result value to the received input data using a learning model, and issues a response or control command based on the inferred result value. It can be generated and transmitted to AI devices 100a to 100e.
  • the AI devices 100a to 100e may infer a result value with respect to input data using a direct learning model and generate a response or control command based on the inferred result value.
  • the AI devices 100a to 100e to which the above-described technology is applied will be described.
  • the AI devices 100a to 100e illustrated in FIG. 3 may be viewed as specific embodiments of the AI device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • AI technology is applied to the robot 100a, and may be implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, and an unmanned flying robot.
  • the robot 100a may include a robot control module for controlling an operation, and the robot control module may mean a software module or a chip implemented with hardware.
  • the robot 100a acquires state information of the robot 100a using sensor information obtained from various types of sensors, detects (recognizes) surrounding environment and objects, generates map data, or moves and travels. You can decide on a plan, determine a response to user interaction, or determine an action.
  • the robot 100a may use sensor information acquired from at least one sensor among a lidar, a radar, and a camera in order to determine a movement route and a driving plan.
  • the robot 100a may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network.
  • the robot 100a may recognize a surrounding environment and an object using a learning model, and may determine an operation using the recognized surrounding environment information or object information.
  • the learning model may be directly learned from the robot 100a or may be learned from an external device such as the AI server 200.
  • the robot 100a may perform an operation by generating a result using a direct learning model, but transmits sensor information to an external device such as the AI server 200 and receives the result generated accordingly. You may.
  • the robot 100a determines a moving path and a driving plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information obtained from an external device, and controls the driving unit to determine the determined moving path and driving plan. Accordingly, the robot 100a can be driven.
  • the map data may include object identification information for various objects arranged in a space in which the robot 100a moves.
  • the map data may include object identification information for objects that are allowed to move, such as fixed objects such as walls and doors and objects such as flower pots and desks.
  • the object identification information may include a name, type, distance, and location.
  • the robot 100a may perform an operation or travel by controlling a driving unit based on a user's control / interaction. At this time, the robot 100a may acquire intention information of an interaction according to a user's motion or voice utterance, and determine an answer based on the obtained intention information to perform an operation.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b is applied with AI technology and can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may include an autonomous driving control module for controlling an autonomous driving function, and the autonomous driving control module may refer to a software module or a chip implemented with hardware.
  • the autonomous driving control module may be included therein as a configuration of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b, but may be configured and connected to a separate hardware outside the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b acquires state information of the autonomous vehicle 100b using sensor information obtained from various types of sensors, detects (recognizes) surrounding objects and objects, generates map data,
  • the route and driving plan may be determined, or an operation may be determined.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may use sensor information obtained from at least one sensor among a lidar, a radar, and a camera, like the robot 100a, to determine a movement path and a driving plan.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may receive sensor information from external devices or recognize an environment or an object for an area where a field of view is obscured or a predetermined distance or more, or receive information recognized directly from external devices. .
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may perform the above-described operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may recognize a surrounding environment and an object using a learning model, and may determine a driving line using the recognized surrounding environment information or object information.
  • the learning model may be learned directly from the autonomous vehicle 100b or may be learned from an external device such as the AI server 200.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may perform an operation by generating a result using a direct learning model, but transmits sensor information to an external device such as the AI server 200 and receives the generated result accordingly. You can also do
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b determines a moving path and a driving plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information obtained from an external device, and controls the driving unit to determine the moving path and driving According to the plan, the autonomous vehicle 100b may be driven.
  • the map data may include object identification information for various objects arranged in a space (for example, a road) in which the autonomous vehicle 100b travels.
  • the map data may include object identification information for fixed objects such as street lights, rocks, buildings, and objects allowed to move such as vehicles and pedestrians.
  • the object identification information may include a name, type, distance, and location.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may perform an operation or travel by controlling a driving unit based on a user's control / interaction. At this time, the autonomous driving vehicle 100b may acquire intention information of an interaction according to a user's motion or voice utterance, and determine an answer based on the obtained intention information to perform an operation.
  • AI technology is applied to the XR device 100c, HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display) provided in a vehicle, television, mobile phone, smart phone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage , It can be implemented as a vehicle, a fixed robot or a mobile robot.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • the XR device 100c generates location data and attribute data for 3D points by analyzing 3D point cloud data or image data obtained through various sensors or from an external device, thereby providing information about surrounding space or real objects.
  • the XR object to be acquired and output can be rendered and output.
  • the XR device 100c may output an XR object including additional information about the recognized object in correspondence with the recognized object.
  • the XR device 100c may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network.
  • the XR device 100c may recognize a real object from 3D point cloud data or image data using a learning model, and provide information corresponding to the recognized real object.
  • the learning model may be directly trained in the XR device 100c or may be learned in an external device such as the AI server 200.
  • the XR device 100c may perform an operation by generating a result using a direct learning model, but transmits sensor information to an external device such as the AI server 200 and receives the generated result accordingly. You can also do
  • the robot 100a is applied with AI technology and autonomous driving technology, and can be implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, and an unmanned flying robot.
  • the robot 100a to which AI technology and autonomous driving technology are applied may mean a robot itself having an autonomous driving function or a robot 100a that interacts with the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a having an autonomous driving function may collectively refer to moving devices by moving itself or determining the moving line according to a given moving line without user control.
  • the robot 100a and the autonomous vehicle 100b having an autonomous driving function may use a common sensing method to determine one or more of a moving path or a driving plan.
  • the robot 100a and the autonomous vehicle 100b having an autonomous driving function may determine one or more of a moving route or a driving plan using information sensed through a lidar, a radar, and a camera.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous vehicle 100b exists separately from the autonomous vehicle 100b, and is connected to an autonomous vehicle function inside or outside the autonomous vehicle 100b, or the autonomous vehicle 100b ) Can perform the operation associated with the user on board.
  • the robot 100a that interacts with the autonomous vehicle 100b acquires sensor information on behalf of the autonomous vehicle 100b and provides it to the autonomous vehicle 100b, acquires sensor information, and obtains environment information or By generating object information and providing it to the autonomous vehicle 100b, it is possible to control or assist the autonomous vehicle driving function of the autonomous vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous vehicle 100b may monitor a user on the autonomous vehicle 100b or control a function of the autonomous vehicle 100b through interaction with the user. .
  • the robot 100a may activate the autonomous driving function of the autonomous vehicle 100b or assist control of a driving unit of the autonomous vehicle 100b.
  • the function of the autonomous driving vehicle 100b controlled by the robot 100a may include not only an autonomous driving function, but also a function provided by a navigation system or an audio system provided inside the autonomous driving vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a interacting with the autonomous vehicle 100b may provide information or assist a function to the autonomous vehicle 100b from outside the autonomous vehicle 100b.
  • the robot 100a may provide traffic information including signal information to the autonomous vehicle 100b, such as a smart traffic light, or interact with the autonomous vehicle 100b, such as an automatic electric charger for an electric vehicle.
  • An electric charger can also be automatically connected to the charging port.
  • the robot 100a is applied with AI technology and XR technology, and can be implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned flying robot, and a drone.
  • the robot 100a to which XR technology is applied may mean a robot that is a target of control / interaction within an XR image.
  • the robot 100a is separated from the XR device 100c and can be interlocked with each other.
  • the robot 100a which is the object of control / interaction within the XR image, acquires sensor information from sensors including a camera
  • the robot 100a or the XR device 100c generates an XR image based on the sensor information.
  • the XR device 100c may output the generated XR image.
  • the robot 100a may operate based on a control signal input through the XR device 100c or a user's interaction.
  • the user can check the XR image corresponding to the viewpoint of the robot 100a remotely linked through an external device such as the XR device 100c, and adjust the autonomous driving path of the robot 100a through interaction or , You can control the operation or driving, or check the information of the surrounding objects.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b is applied with AI technology and XR technology, and may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the autonomous driving vehicle 100b to which the XR technology is applied may mean an autonomous driving vehicle having a means for providing an XR image or an autonomous driving vehicle targeted for control / interaction within the XR image.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b which is the object of control / interaction within the XR image, is distinguished from the XR device 100c and may be interlocked with each other.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b having a means for providing an XR image may acquire sensor information from sensors including a camera, and output an XR image generated based on the acquired sensor information.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may provide an XR object corresponding to a real object or an object on the screen to the occupant by outputting an XR image with a HUD.
  • the XR object when the XR object is output to the HUD, at least a portion of the XR object may be output so as to overlap with an actual object facing the occupant's gaze.
  • the XR object when the XR object is output to a display provided inside the autonomous vehicle 100b, at least a part of the XR object may be output to overlap with an object in the screen.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may output XR objects corresponding to objects such as lanes, other vehicles, traffic lights, traffic signs, two-wheeled vehicles, pedestrians, buildings, and the like.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b which is the object of control / interaction within the XR image, acquires sensor information from sensors including a camera
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b or the XR device 100c is based on the sensor information.
  • the XR image is generated, and the XR device 100c may output the generated XR image.
  • the autonomous vehicle 100b may operate based on a user's interaction or a control signal input through an external device such as the XR device 100c.
  • IP Multimedia Subsystem IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem
  • IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem An architectural framework to provide standardization for delivering voice or other multimedia services over IP.
  • -UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 3GPP-based 3GPP Global System for Mobile Communication
  • EPS Evolved Packet System
  • PS Internet Protocol
  • EPC packet switched core network
  • LPC Evolved Packet Core
  • UMTS is an evolved network.
  • GERAN / UTRAN base station GERAN / UTRAN base station. It is installed outdoors and the coverage is on a macro cell scale.
  • -eNodeB / eNB base station of E-UTRAN. It is installed outdoors and the coverage is on a macro cell scale.
  • UE User Equipment
  • UE may also be referred to in terms of UE (terminal), ME (Mobile Equipment), MS (Mobile Station).
  • the UE may be a device that is allowed to carry, such as a laptop, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a multimedia device, or may be a device that is not portable such as a personal computer (PC) or a vehicle-mounted device.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • PC personal computer
  • the term UE or terminal may refer to an MTC device.
  • -HNB Home NodeB
  • Home NodeB It is installed indoors as a base station of the UMTS network and the coverage is a micro cell scale.
  • -HeNB Home eNodeB
  • Home eNodeB It is installed indoors as a base station of EPS network and the coverage is micro-cell scale.
  • -MME Mobility Management Entity: A network node of the EPS network that performs mobility management (Mobility Management; MM) and session management (SM) functions.
  • MM mobility management
  • SM session management
  • -PDN-GW Packet Data Network-Gateway
  • PGW Packet Data Network-Gateway
  • P-GW A network node of an EPS network that performs UE IP address allocation, packet screening and filtering, and charging data collection.
  • -SGW Serving Gateway
  • S-GW mobility anchor (mobility anchor), packet routing (routing), idle (idle) mode packet buffering, the network node of the EPS network performing the function of triggering the MME to page the UE, etc. .
  • -PCRF Policy and Charging Rule Function
  • -OMA DM Open Mobile Alliance Device Management: A protocol designed to manage mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, portable computers, etc., including device configuration, firmware upgrade, error report, etc. Performs the function of
  • -OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance
  • a network management function group that provides network fault indication, performance information, and data and diagnostic functions.
  • Non-Access Stratum the upper stage (stratum) of the control plane (control plane) between the UE and the MME.
  • control plane control plane
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • EMM EPS Mobility Management: As a sub-layer of the NAS layer, the EMM is in the "EMM-Registered” or “EMM-Deregistered” state depending on whether the UE is network attached or detached. It can be.
  • ECM connection Management signaling connection for exchanging NAS messages, established between UE and MME.
  • the ECM connection is a logical connection composed of an RRC connection between a UE and an eNB and an S1 signaling connection between the eNB and the MME.
  • the established ECM connection means that the UE has an established RRC connection with the eNB, and the MME means having an established S1 signaling connection with the eNB.
  • the ECM may have an "ECM-Connected" or "ECM-Idle" state.
  • -AS Access-Stratum: Contains the protocol stack between the UE and the wireless (or access) network, and is responsible for transmitting data and network control signals.
  • MO Management Object
  • NAS function Frctionality
  • associated parameters Parameters
  • -PDN Packet Data Network
  • MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • -PDN connection A logical connection between a UE and a PDN, expressed as one IP address (one IPv4 address and / or one IPv6 prefix).
  • -APN Access Point Name: A string that refers to or identifies a PDN. In order to access the requested service or network, it goes through a specific P-GW, which means a predefined name (string) in the network to find this P-GW. (For example, internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs)
  • Radio Access Network a unit including a NodeB, an eNodeB, and a Radio Network Controller (RNC) controlling them in a 3GPP network. It exists between UEs and provides connectivity to the core network.
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • the HSS may perform functions such as configuration storage, identity management, and user state storage.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • -ANDSF Access Network Discovery and Selection Function: Provides a policy to discover and select the access allowed by the UE on a per operator basis as a network entity.
  • EPC path (or infrastructure data path): user plane communication path through EPC
  • E-E-RAB E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer: refers to the concatenation of the S1 bearer and the corresponding data radio bearer. If there is an E-RAB, there is a one-to-one mapping between the E-RAB and the EPS bearer of the NAS.
  • GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
  • GTP A group of IP-based communications protocols used to carry general packet radio service (GPRS) within GSM, UMTS and LTE networks.
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • GTP and proxy mobile IPv6 based interfaces are specified on various interface points.
  • GTP can be decomposed into several protocols (eg, GTP-C, GTP-U and GTP ').
  • GTP-C is used in the GPRS core network for signaling between gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSN) and serving GPRS support nodes (SGSN).
  • GGSN gateway GPRS support nodes
  • SGSN serving GPRS support nodes
  • GTP-C enables the SGSN to activate a session for a user (eg, PDN context activation), deactivate the same session, and adjust the quality of service parameters ), Or to update sessions for subscribers that have just operated from other SGSNs.
  • GTP-U is used to carry user data within the GPRS core network and between the radio access network and the core network.
  • EPS Evolved Packet System
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system uses the concept of a cell to manage radio resources, and a cell associated with a radio resource is a cell in a geographical area. It is separated from.
  • the term “cell” associated with a radio resource is defined as a combination of DL resources and UL resources, that is, a combination of a DL carrier and a UL carrier.
  • the cell may be configured with DL resources alone or a combination of DL resources and UL resources.
  • a linkage between a carrier frequency of a DL resource and a carrier frequency of a UL resource may be indicated by system information.
  • the carrier frequency means the center frequency of each cell or carrier.
  • a cell operating on a primary frequency is referred to as a primary cell (Pcell), and a cell operating on a secondary frequency is referred to as a secondary cell (Scell).
  • Scell refers to a cell that can be used for setting and allowing additional radio resources after radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment is made. Depending on the capabilities of the UE, the Scell can form a set of serving cells for the UE together with the Pcell. In the case of a UE that is in RRC_CONNECTED state but carrier aggregation is not set or carrier aggregation is not supported, there is only one serving cell configured as Pcell.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • a “cell” of a geographic area may be understood as a coverage that a node can provide a service using a carrier
  • a “cell” of a radio resource is a frequency range configured by the carrier It is related to bandwidth (BW).
  • BW bandwidth
  • the coverage of a node is determined by the carrier that carries the corresponding signal because the coverage of the downlink, which is a range in which a node can transmit a valid signal, and the coverage, which is a range in which a valid signal can be received from a UE, are dependent on the carrier carrying the corresponding signal. It is also associated with the coverage of "cells". Therefore, the term "cell" can be used to mean a range that can sometimes reach the coverage of a service by a node, sometimes a radio resource, and sometimes a signal using the radio resource with an effective strength.
  • EPC is a core element of SAE (System Architecture Evolution) to improve the performance of 3GPP technologies.
  • SAE is a research task to determine the network structure that supports mobility between various types of networks.
  • the SAE aims to provide an optimized packet-based system, for example, supporting various radio access technologies based on IP and providing improved data transmission capability.
  • EPC is a core network of an IP mobile communication system for a 3GPP LTE system, and can support packet-based real-time and non-real-time services.
  • a conventional mobile communication system i.e., a 2G or 3G mobile communication system
  • the core network is provided through two distinct sub-domains: circuit-switched (CS) for voice and packet-switched (PS) for data.
  • CS circuit-switched
  • PS packet-switched
  • the function was implemented.
  • the 3GPP LTE system which is an evolution of the 3G mobile communication system, the sub-domains of CS and PS are unified into one IP domain.
  • a connection between a UE having IP capability and a UE is an IP-based base station (e.g., evolved Node B (eNodeB)), EPC, application domain (e.g., IMS ( IP Multimedia Subsystem)).
  • eNodeB evolved Node B
  • EPC application domain
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • the EPC may include various components, and in FIG. 1, corresponding to some of them, Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving GPRS (General Packet) Radio Service (Supporting Node), ePDG (enhanced Packet Data Gateway).
  • SGW Serving Gateway
  • PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • Serving GPRS General Packet
  • Radio Service Serving Node
  • ePDG enhanced Packet Data Gateway
  • SGW acts as a boundary point between a radio access network (RAN) and a core network, and is an element that functions to maintain a data path between an eNB and a PDN GW.
  • RAN radio access network
  • PDN GW Packet Data Network
  • SGW serves as a local mobility anchor point. That is, packets can be routed through the SGW for mobility within the E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access Network defined after 3GPP Release-8).
  • E-UTRAN Evolved-UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access Network defined after 3GPP Release-8).
  • SGW also provides mobility with other 3GPP networks (RANs defined before 3GPP Release-8, e.g. UTRAN or GERAN (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) / Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network)). It can also function as an anchor point.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
  • the PDN GW corresponds to the termination point of the data interface towards the packet data network.
  • the PDN GW can support policy enforcement features, packet filtering, charging support, and the like.
  • mobility management between 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks for example, untrusted networks such as Interworking Wireless Local Area Network (I-WLAN), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks or trusted networks such as WiMax) Can serve as an anchor point for.
  • untrusted networks such as Interworking Wireless Local Area Network (I-WLAN), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks or trusted networks such as WiMax
  • I-WLAN Interworking Wireless Local Area Network
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WiMax trusted networks
  • SGW and the PDN GW are configured as separate gateways in the example of the network structure of FIG. 4, two gateways may be implemented according to a single gateway configuration option.
  • the MME is an element that performs signaling and control functions to support access to the network connection of the UE, allocation of network resources, tracking, paging, roaming, and handover.
  • the MME controls control plane functions related to subscriber and session management.
  • the MME manages a number of eNBs and performs signaling for selection of a conventional gateway for handover to other 2G / 3G networks.
  • the MME performs functions such as security procedures, terminal-to-network session handling, and idle terminal location management.
  • SGSN handles all packet data, such as user mobility management and authentication for other 3GPP networks (eg GPRS networks).
  • 3GPP networks eg GPRS networks.
  • the ePDG serves as a secure node for untrusted non-3GPP networks (eg, I-WLAN, WiFi hotspots, etc.).
  • untrusted non-3GPP networks eg, I-WLAN, WiFi hotspots, etc.
  • the UE having IP capability (capability), as well as 3GPP access, as well as non--3GPP access based on the various elements in the EPC through the carrier (ie, operator (operator)) provided IP You can access a service network (eg, IMS).
  • a service network eg, IMS
  • FIG. 4 shows various reference points (eg, S1-U, S1-MME, etc.).
  • a conceptual link connecting two functions existing in different functional entities of E-UTRAN and EPC is defined as a reference point.
  • Table 1 below summarizes the reference points shown in FIG. 4.
  • various reference points may exist according to a network structure.
  • This reference point can be used for PLMN-in- or PLMN-to-PLMN-to-PLMN-to-PLMN inter-handover) (It enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and / or active state .
  • This reference point can be used intra-PLMN or inter-PLMN (eg in the case of Inter-PLMN HO).)
  • S4 A reference point between SGW and SGSN that provides relevant control and mobility support between GPRS core and SGW's 3GPP anchor function.
  • Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides the user plane tunneling.It provides related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW.
  • S5 Reference point providing user plane tunneling and tunnel management between SGW and PDN GW. It is used for SGW relocation (It provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity.) S11 Reference point for control plane protocol between MME and SGW SGi Reference point between PDN GW and PDN.
  • the PDN may be a public or private PDN external to the operator or an operator-internal PDN (eg, an IMS service).
  • This reference point corresponds to Gi of 3GPP access (It is the reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network.Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, eg for provision of IMS services.This reference point corresponds to Gi for 3GPP accesses.)
  • S2a and S2b correspond to non-3GPP interfaces.
  • S2a is a reference point that provides trusted non-3GPP access and related control and mobility support between PDN GWs to the user plane.
  • S2b is a reference point that provides related control and mobility support between the ePDG and the PDN GW to the user plane.
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • the E-UTRAN system is an evolved system from the existing UTRAN system, and may be, for example, a 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system.
  • Communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice (eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)) through IMS and packet data.
  • voice eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
  • VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • the E-UMTS network includes E-UTRAN, EPC, and one or more UEs.
  • E-UTRAN is composed of eNBs that provide a control plane and a user plane protocol to the UE, and the eNBs are connected through an X2 interface.
  • the X2 user plane interface (X2-U) is defined between eNBs.
  • the X2-U interface provides non-guaranteed delivery of user plane packet data units (PDUs).
  • the X2 control plane interface (X2-CP) is defined between two neighboring eNBs.
  • X2-CP performs functions such as context transfer between eNBs, control of a user plane tunnel between a source eNB and a target eNB, delivery of a handover-related message, and uplink load management.
  • the eNB is connected to the terminal through a wireless interface and is connected to an evolved packet core (EPC) through an S1 interface.
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • the S1 user plane interface (S1-U) is defined between the eNB and the serving gateway (S-GW).
  • the S1 control plane interface (S1-MME) is defined between the eNB and a mobility management entity (MME).
  • the S1 interface performs an evolved packet system (EPS) bearer service management function, a NAS (non-access stratum) signaling transport function, network sharing, and MME load balancing functions.
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • MME is NAS signaling security (security), AS (Access Stratum) security (security) control, CN (Core Network) inter-CN (Inter-CN) signaling to support mobility between 3GPP access networks, (Perform and control paging retransmission Idle mode UE accessibility (including idle), tracking area identifier (TAI) management (for children and active mode terminals), PDN GW and SGW selection, MME for handover where MME is changed SGSN selection for selection, handover to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks, bearer management functions including roaming, authentication, and dedicated bearer establishment, Public Warning System (PWS) System) (including Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) and Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS)) support various functions such as support for message transmission. Can.
  • PWS Public Warning System
  • ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
  • CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert System
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram showing the architecture of a typical E-UTRAN and EPC.
  • the eNB can route to the gateway, schedule and transmit paging messages, schedule and transmit broadcast channels (BCH), and uplink and downlink resources while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection is active. It can perform functions for dynamic allocation to the UE, configuration and provision for measurement of the eNB, radio bearer control, radio admission control, and connection mobility control. Within the EPC, paging generation, LTE_IDLE state management, user plane encryption, SAE bearer control, NAS signaling encryption and integrity protection can be performed.
  • BCH broadcast channels
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary view showing a structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a UE and an eNB
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary view showing a structure of a radio interface protocol in a user plane between a UE and an eNB. .
  • the radio interface protocol is based on the 3GPP radio access network standard.
  • the radio interface protocol consists of a horizontal physical layer, a data link layer and a network layer, and a user plane and control for data information transmission vertically. It is divided into a control plane for signal transmission.
  • the protocol layers are based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model widely known in communication systems, L1 (first layer), L2 (second layer), L3 (third layer) ).
  • OSI Open System Interconnection
  • the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel.
  • the physical layer is connected to an upper medium access control layer through a transport channel, and data between the medium access control layer and the physical layer is transmitted through the transport channel. Then, data is transferred between different physical layers, that is, between the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel.
  • the physical channel is composed of several subframes on the time axis and several subcarriers on the frequency axis.
  • one subframe is composed of a plurality of OFDM symbols (symbol) and a plurality of subcarriers on the time axis.
  • One subframe is composed of a plurality of resource blocks (Resource Block), one resource block is composed of a plurality of OFDM symbols (Symbol) and a plurality of sub-carriers.
  • the transmission time interval (TTI) which is a unit time for data transmission, is 1 ms corresponding to one subframe.
  • the physical channels existing in the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side are 3GPP LTE, according to the data channel PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and control channel PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), It can be divided into a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), a Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH), and a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
  • PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
  • PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer serves to map various logical channels to various transport channels, and also logical channels to map multiple logical channels to one transport channel. It plays the role of multiplexing.
  • the MAC layer is connected to the upper layer, the RLC layer, by a logical channel, and the logical channel is a control channel that transmits information of a control plane according to the type of information to be transmitted. It is divided into a traffic channel that transmits information of a user plane.
  • the radio link control (RLC) layer of the second layer divides data received from the upper layer (segmentation) and concatenation to adjust the data size so that the lower layer is suitable for transmitting data in a wireless section. Plays a role.
  • the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer is an IP that contains relatively large and unnecessary control information to efficiently transmit in a wireless section having a small bandwidth when transmitting an IP packet such as IPv4 or IPv6. It performs a header compression function that reduces the packet header size.
  • the PDCP layer also performs a security function, which is composed of encryption that prevents data interception by a third party and integrity protection that prevents data manipulation by a third party.
  • the radio resource control (Radio Resource Control; hereinafter abbreviated as RRC) layer located at the top of the third layer is defined only in the control plane, and the configuration, reset (Re) of radio bearers (abbreviated as RB) Responsible for control of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to -configuration and release.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RB means a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN.
  • the UE If an RRC connection between the RRC of the UE and the RRC layer of the wireless network is established (established), the UE is in an RRC connected mode, otherwise it is in an RRC idle mode. .
  • the RRC state refers to whether or not the RRC of the UE is in a logical connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN, and if it is connected, it is called an RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not connected, it is called an RRC_IDLE state. Since the RRC_CONNECTED UE has an RRC connection, the E-UTRAN can grasp the existence of the UE in a cell unit, and thus can effectively control the UE.
  • the UE in the RRC_IDLE state cannot detect the existence of the UE by the E-UTRAN, and is managed by the core network in the unit of tracking area (TA), which is a larger area unit than the cell. That is, the UE in the RRC_IDLE state is identified only in the presence of the corresponding UE in a larger regional unit than the cell, and in order to receive a normal mobile communication service such as voice or data, the UE must transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • Each TA is classified through TAI (Tracking Area Identity).
  • the UE may configure the TAI through Tracking Area Code (TAC), which is information broadcast in a cell.
  • TAI Tracking Area Code
  • the UE When the user first turns on the power of the UE, the UE first searches for an appropriate cell, then establishes an RRC connection in that cell, and registers the UE's information in the core network. After this, the UE stays in the RRC_IDLE state. The UE staying in the RRC_IDLE state (re) selects the cell as needed, and looks at system information or paging information. This is said to be camped on the cell. The UE staying in the RRC_IDLE state makes an RRC connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN through the RRC connection procedure only when it is necessary to establish an RRC connection and transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • the UE in the RRC_IDLE state needs to establish an RRC connection, for example, if a user's call attempt, data transmission attempt is needed, or if a paging message is received from E-UTRAN. And sending a response message.
  • the non-access stratum (NAS) layer located above the RRC layer performs functions such as session management and mobility management.
  • ESM Evolved Session Management
  • the NAS layer performs functions such as default bearer management and dedicated bearer management, and the UE is in charge of controlling the PS service from the network.
  • the default bearer resource is characterized in that it is allocated from the network when it is connected to the network when it is first connected to a specific Packet Data Network (PDN).
  • PDN Packet Data Network
  • the network allocates the IP address allowed by the UE so that the UE can use the data service, and also allocates the QoS of the default bearer.
  • LTE supports two types: a bearer with a guaranteed bit rate (GBR) QoS characteristic that guarantees a specific bandwidth for data transmission / reception, and a non-GBR bearer with best effort QoS characteristics without guaranteeing bandwidth.
  • GBR guaranteed bit rate
  • a non-GBR bearer is assigned.
  • the bearer allocated to the UE in the network is called an evolved packet service (EPS) bearer, and when assigning the EPS bearer, the network allocates one ID. This is called EPS Bearer ID.
  • EPS bearer ID One EPS bearer has QoS characteristics of a maximum bit rate (MBR) and / or a guaranteed bit rate (GBR).
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a general NR-RAN architecture.
  • the NG-RAN node may be one of the following.
  • -Ng-eNB providing an E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol towards the UE.
  • gNB and ng-eNB are connected to each other through an Xn interface.
  • gNB and ng-eNB use the NG interface for 5GC, and more specifically, the NG-C interface, access and mobility management function (AMF), and user plane function through NG-U interface ( UPF: User Plane Function) (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • 10 is an exemplary view showing the functional separation of general NG-RAN and 5GC.
  • yellow boxes represent logical nodes and white boxes represent main functions.
  • the gNB and ng-eNB host the following functions.
  • Radio resource management function radio bearer control, radio admission control, access mobility control, dynamic resource allocation for UE in both uplink and downlink (scheduling)
  • the AMF hosts the following main functions (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • the UPF hosts the following main functions (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]).
  • -QoS processing for user plane eg packet filtering, gate, UL / DL rate enforcement
  • the session management function hosts the following main functions (see 3GPP TS 23.501 [3]):
  • FIG. 11 is an exemplary view showing a structure of a radio interface protocol (Radio Interface Protocol) in a control plane between a UE and an eNodeB.
  • Radio Interface Protocol Radio Interface Protocol
  • the radio interface protocol is based on a 3GPP radio access network standard.
  • the radio interface protocol consists of a horizontal physical layer, a data link layer, and a network layer. Vertically, a user plane and control for data information transmission It is divided into control planes for signal transmission.
  • the protocol layers are based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model widely known in communication systems, L1 (first layer), L2 (second layer), L3 (third layer) ).
  • OSI Open System Interconnection
  • the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel.
  • the physical layer is connected to an upper medium access control layer through a transport channel, and data between the medium access control layer and the physical layer is transmitted through the transport channel. And, data is transferred between different physical layers, that is, between the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel.
  • the physical channel is composed of several subframes on the time axis and several sub-carriers on the frequency axis.
  • one sub-frame (Sub-frame) is composed of a plurality of symbols (Symbol) and a plurality of sub-carriers on the time axis.
  • One subframe is composed of a plurality of resource blocks, and one resource block is composed of a plurality of symbols and a plurality of subcarriers.
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • the physical channels existing in the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side are 3GPP LTE, according to the data channel PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and the control channel PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), It can be divided into a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), a Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH), and a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
  • PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
  • PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the PCFICH transmitted in the first OFDM symbol of the subframe carries a control format indicator (CFI) for the number of OFDM symbols (that is, the size of the control region) used for transmission of control channels in the subframe.
  • CFI control format indicator
  • the wireless device first receives the CFI on the PCFICH, and then monitors the PDCCH.
  • PCFICH does not use blind decoding and is transmitted through a fixed PCFICH resource in a subframe.
  • PHICH carries a positive-acknowledgement (ACK) / negative-acknowledgement (NACK) signal for UL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).
  • ACK positive-acknowledgement
  • NACK negative-acknowledgement
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • MIB master information block
  • SIB system information block
  • PDCCH is a resource allocation and transmission format of a downlink-shared channel (DL-SCH), resource allocation information of an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH), paging information on the PCH, system information on the DL-SCH, and random access transmitted on the PDSCH. It can carry resource allocation of upper layer control messages such as responses, a set of transmission power control commands for individual UEs in an arbitrary UE group, and activation of voice over internet protocol (VoIP).
  • a plurality of PDCCHs can be transmitted within a control region, and the terminal can monitor a plurality of PDCCHs.
  • the PDCCH is transmitted on aggregation of one or several consecutive control channel elements (CCEs).
  • CCEs control channel elements
  • CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide a coding rate according to a state of a radio channel to a PDCCH.
  • the CCE corresponds to a plurality of resource element groups.
  • the format of the PDCCH and the number of bits of the allowed PDCCH are determined according to the relationship between the number of CCEs and the coding rate provided by the CCEs.
  • DCI Downlink control information
  • PDSCH resource allocation of PDSCH
  • PUSCH resource allocation of PUSCH
  • uplink grant UL grant
  • VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • the medium access control (MAC) layer serves to map various logical channels to various transport channels, and also provides multiplexing of logical channels to map multiple logical channels to one transport channel. Play a role.
  • the MAC layer is connected to the upper layer, the RLC layer, by a logical channel, and the logical channel is a control channel that transmits information of a control plane according to the type of information to be transmitted. It is divided into a traffic channel that transmits information of a user plane.
  • the radio link control (RLC) layer of the second layer adjusts the data size so that the lower layer is suitable for transmitting data in a wireless section by segmenting and concatenating data received from the upper layer. Plays a role.
  • TM Transparent mode, transparent mode
  • UM Un-acknowledged mode, non-response mode
  • AM Acknowledged mode
  • AM RLC performs a retransmission function through an automatic repeat and request (ARQ) function for reliable data transmission.
  • ARQ automatic repeat and request
  • the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer is an IP having relatively large and unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit in a wireless section having a small bandwidth when transmitting an IP packet such as IPv4 or IPv6. It performs a header compression function that reduces the packet header size. This serves to increase the transmission efficiency of the radio section by transmitting only necessary information in the header portion of the data.
  • the PDCP layer also performs a security function, which consists of encryption that prevents data interception by a third party and integrity protection that prevents data manipulation by a third party.
  • the radio resource control (hereinafter referred to as RRC) layer located at the top of the third layer is defined only in the control plane, and sets (sets), resets (Re) of radio bearers (abbreviated as RBs). -Responsible for control of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to setup and release.
  • RB means a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between the terminal and the E-UTRAN.
  • RRC connection If there is an RRC connection (RRC connection) between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the wireless network, the terminal is in an RRC connected state (Connected mode), otherwise it is in an RRC idle state (Idle mode).
  • RRC connection If there is an RRC connection (RRC connection) between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the wireless network, the terminal is in an RRC connected state (Connected mode), otherwise it is in an RRC idle state (Idle mode).
  • the RRC state refers to whether the RRC of the terminal is in a logical connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN, and if it is connected, it is called an RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not connected, it is called an RRC_IDLE state. Since the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state has an RRC connection, the E-UTRAN can grasp the existence of the corresponding terminal in a cell unit, and thus can effectively control the terminal. On the other hand, the terminal in the RRC_IDLE state cannot be detected by the E-UTRAN, and is managed by the core network in units of the tracking area (TA), which is a larger area unit than the cell.
  • TA tracking area
  • the terminal in the RRC_IDLE state is identified only in the presence of the corresponding terminal in a larger regional unit than the cell, and in order to receive a normal mobile communication service such as voice or data, the terminal must transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • Each TA is classified through TAI (Tracking Area Identity).
  • the terminal may configure a TAI through a tracking area code (TAC), which is information broadcast in a cell.
  • TAI Tracking Area Identity
  • the terminal When the user first turns on the power of the terminal, the terminal first searches for an appropriate cell, then establishes an RRC connection in that cell, and registers the terminal's information in the core network. After this, the terminal stays in the RRC_IDLE state. The UE staying in the RRC_IDLE state selects a cell (re) as necessary, and looks at system information or paging information. This is said to be camped on the cell.
  • the terminal staying in the RRC_IDLE state needs to establish an RRC connection, it makes an RRC connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN through the RRC connection procedure and transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) layer performs functions such as connection management (Session Management) and mobility management (Mobility Management).
  • the NAS layer is divided into a NAS entity for mobility management (MM) and a NAS entity for session management (SM).
  • MM mobility management
  • SM session management
  • the NAS entity for MM provides the following general functions.
  • NAS procedures related to AMF include:
  • AMF supports the following functions.
  • the NAS entity for the SM performs session management between the UE and the SMF.
  • the SM signaling message is processed, that is, generated and processed in the NAS-SM layer of the UE and SMF.
  • the content of the SM signaling message is not interpreted by the AMF.
  • the NAS entity for MM creates a NAS-MM message that derives how and where to send the SM signaling message via a security header indicating the NAS transmission of SM signaling, and additional information about the receiving NAS-MM.
  • the NAS entity for the SM When receiving SM signaling, the NAS entity for the SM performs integrity check of the NAS-MM message and interprets additional information to derive a method and place to derive the SM signaling message.
  • an RRC layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer located under the NAS layer are collectively called an access layer (AS).
  • the UE camping on the cell will be described in detail as follows.
  • cell discovery initial
  • the UE may receive a downlink (DL) synchronization signal from the eNB to align the DL synchronization with the eNB and obtain information such as a cell identifier (ID).
  • ID cell identifier
  • PLMN is selected by the NAS.
  • the associated RAT s
  • the NAS provides a list of equivalent PLMNs that the access stratum (AS) uses for cell selection and cell reselection, if allowed.
  • AS access stratum
  • cell selection the UE searches for a suitable cell of the selected PLMN, selects a cell to provide allowed services, and further tunes to the cell's control channel. This choosing is called “camping on the cell”. If the UE finds a more suitable cell according to the cell reselection criteria, it reselects the cell and camps on the cell. If the new cell does not belong to at least one tracking area in which the UE is registered, location registration is performed. There are five main purposes for camping on a cell in idle mode:
  • the UE can do this by initially connecting to the network on the control channel of the cell where the UE is camped on.
  • a PLMN When a PLMN receives a call for a registered UE, the PLMN can know (in most cases) the set of tracking areas in which the UE was camped. The PLMN can then send a “paging” message for the UE on the control channels of all cells in these sets of tracking areas. Since it is tuned to the cell's control channel in one of the registered tracking areas, the UE will receive the paging message and the UE may respond on that control channel.
  • the UE When camped on a cell, the UE regularly searches for a better cell according to the cell reselection criteria. If a better cell is found, that cell is selected. A change of a cell may imply a change of the RAT. For a normal service, the UE camps on the appropriate cell and tunes to that cell's control channel to do the following:
  • “barred cell” refers to a cell in which the UE is not allowed to camp on
  • “camped on a cell” means that the UE selects / recycles the cell. It means that the cell has been selected by completing the selection process.
  • the UE monitors system information and (in most cases) paging information on that cell.
  • the term “camped on any cell” means that the UE is in the idle mode, has completed the cell selection / reselection process and has selected the cell regardless of the PLMN identifier.
  • the cell that the UE camps on is called a serving cell.
  • the 5G communication system provides options that operators can use in combination with the 4G communication system in various ways.
  • current 4G service providers allow the use of 5G communication systems in the following ways.
  • 4G communication system and 5G wireless network introduction and operation In this case, instead of introducing the entire 5G communication system, only a 5G wireless network among 5G communication systems is introduced, and a method of subscribing and using this 5G wireless network to a 4G communication system.
  • 4G communication system and 5G core network In this case, the operator does not introduce 5G wireless system, only introduces 5G core network, and interworking wireless system of 4G communication with 4G core network and 5G core network. Through this, 4G is used for wireless, 5G is used for the core network, and 5G network slicing is used.
  • NR is an ultra-low-latency, ultra-reliable, and ultra-wideband wireless access technology.
  • Annex J of 3GPP TR 23.799 shows various architectures combining 5G and 4G.
  • 3GPP TS 23.501 shows the architecture using NR and NGC.
  • 12 is an example of a case in which an NR, that is, only 5G wireless access technology is additionally utilized in an existing EPS system.
  • FIG. 12 (a) is a case where an NR cell is connected to a core network via an eNB
  • FIG. 12 (b) is a case where NR is directly connected to a core network.
  • FIG. 13 is an example of a case in which an LTE radio connection is additionally added in a situation in which NG RAN and NGC are used as the opposite situation of FIG. 12.
  • the NR node in addition to radio resource management using NR, the NR node additionally manages radio resources using LTE using an eNB. Accordingly, in this NR node, various access opportunities can be provided by utilizing both LTE and NR.
  • Figure 7 (a) is a case where the traffic of the eNB is connected to the core network (core network) via the NR node
  • Figure 7 (b) is a case where the traffic of the eNB is directly connected to the core network (core network).
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of a general architecture of 5G. The following is a description of each reference interface and node in FIG. 14.
  • Access and Mobility Management Function includes signaling between CN nodes for mobility between 3GPP access networks, termination of radio access network (RAN) CP interface (N2), NAS It supports functions such as termination of signaling (N1), registration management (registration area management), idle mode UE accessibility, support for network slicing, and SMF selection.
  • RAN radio access network
  • N2 termination of radio access network
  • N1 termination of signaling
  • registration management registration area management
  • idle mode UE accessibility support for network slicing
  • SMF selection selection.
  • AMF Access Management Function
  • Data network means, for example, an operator service, Internet access, or a third party service.
  • the DN transmits a downlink protocol data unit (PDU) to the UPF, or receives a PDU transmitted from the UE from the UPF.
  • PDU downlink protocol data unit
  • PCF policy control function
  • Session Management Function provides a session management function, and when a UE has multiple sessions, it may be managed by a different SMF for each session.
  • Some or all of the functions of the SMF can be supported within a single instance of one SMF.
  • Unified data management stores user subscription data, policy data, and the like.
  • User plane function (UPF: User plane function) delivers the downlink PDU received from the DN to the UE via (R) AN, and delivers the uplink PDU received from the UE via (R) AN to the DN. .
  • Application function provides service (e.g., supports functions such as application impact on traffic routing, access to network capability exposure, and interaction with the policy framework for policy control). In order to interact with the 3GPP core network.
  • (Radio) Access Network ((R) AN: (Radio) Access Network) is an evolved version of 4G radio access technology, evolved E-UTRA (evolved E-UTRA) and new radio access technology (NR: New Radio) ( For example, a generic term for a new radio access network that supports both gNB).
  • E-UTRA evolved E-UTRA
  • NR New Radio
  • gNB is a function for radio resource management (i.e., radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control, and dynamic uplink / downlink resources to the UE) It supports functions such as dynamic allocation of resources (ie, scheduling).
  • radio resource management i.e., radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control, and dynamic uplink / downlink resources to the UE. It supports functions such as dynamic allocation of resources (ie, scheduling).
  • UE User Equipment
  • a conceptual link connecting NFs in a 5G system is defined as a reference point.
  • N1 is a reference point between UE and AMF
  • N2 is a reference point between (R) AN and AMF
  • N3 is a reference point between (R) AN and UPF
  • N4 is a reference point between SMF and UPF
  • N6 a reference point between UPF and data network
  • N9 is a reference point between two core UPFs
  • N5 is a reference point between PCFs and AFs
  • N7 is a reference point between SMFs and PCFs
  • N24 is between PCFs in a visited network and PCFs in a home network.
  • N8 is the reference point between UDM and AMF
  • N10 is the reference point between UDM and SMF
  • N11 is the reference point between AMF and SMF
  • N12 is the reference point between AMF and Authentication Server function (AUSF)
  • N13 is Reference point between UDM and AUSF
  • N14 is reference point between two AMFs
  • N15 is reference point between PCF and AMF for non-roaming scenarios
  • N16 is two Reference Points between SMFs (in a roaming scenario, reference points between SMFs in a visited network and SMFs between home networks)
  • N17 is a reference point between AMF and 5G-EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
  • N18 is AMF and UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Function)
  • N22 is a reference point between AMF and Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)
  • N23 is a reference point between PCF and Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF)
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a reference model for a case where a UE accesses one DN using one PDU session for convenience of description, but is not limited thereto.
  • the EPS system is described using the eNB, but the eNB is gNB, the MME's mobility management (MM) function is AMF, and the S / P-GW's SM function is SMF, S / P-.
  • MM mobility management
  • S / P-GW's SM function SMF
  • GW's user plane-related functions can be replaced with 5G systems using UPF.
  • the mobile communication system must support the movement of the user, and thus, when the user leaves the service providing area of the operator to which the user originally subscribed and receives the service through the operator in another area, that is, it must support roaming.
  • not all operators have implemented the same level of security risk avoidance. Therefore, some operators can activate security measures when a user who subscribes to them directly accesses their system, but when the user connects through the operator's system with high security risk, the user is unprotected. .
  • a security element is exposed through another operator's system, for example, if the security key is leaked, the operator's system to which the user is subscribed no longer provides a new security key for the user, Users cannot be serviced properly.
  • the UE needs to support the setting of the Man Machine Interface (MMI) to the user so that one or more of the wireless technologies of the Mobile Equipment (ME) cannot be used to access the wireless access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • MMI Man Machine Interface
  • Each of the radio technologies that can be disabled depends on the radio technology supported for the UE such as GSM / EDGE, WCDMA, LTE, and NR.
  • the UE must support MMI setup to the user so that one or more ME wireless technologies can be used again to access the radio access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • the user may only re-allow wireless technology that the user has not previously permitted.
  • the MMI user setting described herein is a function applied to a legacy UE product, which is allowed to the user of the UE to change the radio function of the UE.
  • Legacy wireless technology may lack a way to mitigate some security attacks. If this problem is serious enough, the home operator may not allow subscribers to connect to the wireless access network with the wireless technology. This setting of the UE can be effectively set for all PLMNs.
  • the UE must support a security mechanism for the home operator to allow one or more of the ME's wireless technology to be allowed to access the wireless access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • Wireless technologies that may not be allowed may be GSM / EDGE, WCDMA, LTE and NR.
  • the UE must support a security mechanism for the home operator that allows re-allowing one or more of the ME's wireless technology to access the wireless access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • Re-acceptable wireless technologies may be at least GSM / EDGE, WCDMA, LTE and NR.
  • the home operator may only re-accept wireless technology previously not allowed by the home operator.
  • prioritized services e.g., Emergency Service, MPS, Mission Critical Service
  • MPS e.g., Emergency Service
  • Mission Critical Service when there is no PLMN in the allowed radio technology that the UE is determined to be able to access
  • it must support the operation of automatically overriding the RAT, where the user and the network are not permitted.
  • the use of a specific wireless technology of the terminal can be prevented.
  • the user body of the radio technology in which the risk factor is known it is possible to avoid the security risk factor by preventing the terminal from using the radio technology in a roaming situation that may exist.
  • this specification intends to present a method of protecting a terminal from a security threat while using the capability of the terminal as much as possible.
  • the user or the home operator in the process of the terminal operating to provide the communication service to the user, the user or the home operator (or HPLMN, in the following description, the expression of the home operator / HPLMN / subscribed company is regarded as the same). It is determined whether or not the use of a specific RAT is permitted or disallowed, and it is proposed to operate accordingly.
  • the terminal searches for a cell to camp in RRC Idle or RRC Inactive mode, the terminal checks its capability and, for each RAT supported by it, the user or a home operator It is determined whether the use is permitted or not, and the RAT set as the disallowed is searched for a cell to be used by using other authorized RAT. Through this, the same process as the registration procedure is performed only through the cell found using the RAT licensed for use.
  • the terminal may transmit the following information to the network.
  • Information type A Information on RATs supported by the terminal
  • Information type B Among RATs supported by the terminal, information about those that are set to be allowed / disallowed by the user.
  • Information type C Among RATs supported by the terminal, information about those that are set to be allowed / disallowed by the operator.
  • the information type A / B / C is an example of information and may be transmitted in a different name / format for the same purpose.
  • the network When the network receives the above information from the terminal, it stores it and uses it to provide a communication service to the terminal later.
  • the AMF / MME or the like when the AMF / MME or the like receives the information, it can store the information in its own memory or storage on the network.
  • the AMF / MME transmits the generated information to the RAN using the above information or the above information.
  • the RAN may select the target terminal according to the RAT supported by the neighboring cell when the terminal is sent back to the idle state or when handover.
  • the terminal first delivers the information to the RAN, and the RAN additionally delivers it to the core network.
  • the network may operate as follows.
  • the network needs to handover the UE to another cell, the network does not handover to the forbidden RAT cell, but only to the allowed RAT cell.
  • the handover refers to a change of a master cell, a primary cell, etc., and refers to a RAT of a cell in which an RRC connection state (eg, RRC connected / RRC inactive) of a terminal is managed.
  • an RRC connection state eg, RRC connected / RRC inactive
  • the network uses information (information type A) of RATs supported by the terminal in the process of determining the RAT to be used as DC. That is, even if the use of any RAT is disabled through the information type B / C, it is not used by the MCG (Main Cell Group), but can be used by the Secondary Cell Group (SCG).
  • MCG Mainn Cell Group
  • SCG Secondary Cell Group
  • the terminal can perform both NR and LTE (for example, the network can know this through the Type A information), but the use of NR is prohibited due to the user's setting (for example, , The network can know this by using the type B information), and the terminal uses only LTE to select a cell to camp on and shows the process of staying. That is, the terminal can support the NR, but the use is prohibited, and the NR cell is not camped. Therefore, the terminal does not perform camping or registration procedures to the NR cell.
  • LTE for example, the network can know this through the Type A information
  • the use of NR is prohibited due to the user's setting
  • the network can know this by using the type B information
  • the terminal uses only LTE to select a cell to camp on and shows the process of staying. That is, the terminal can support the NR, but the use is prohibited, and the NR cell is not camped. Therefore, the terminal does not perform camping or registration procedures to the NR cell.
  • 15 (b) illustrates the operation in the connected mode state of the terminal. That is, since the terminal is prohibited from using the NR by the user, it is forced to start a communication service in the LTE cell, but the network then uses the capability information (for example, type A / B / C) of the terminal, NR By using RAT additionally, it shows a process of providing a communication service using LTE / NR to a terminal. However, since the terminal forbids the use of NR RAT, in the above example, handover from an LTE cell to an NR cell is shown. However, it is limited for security reasons. That is, in the connected mode, handover as shown in the figure on the left in FIG. 15 (b) to the figure on the right in FIG. 15 (b) is restricted.
  • the capability information for example, type A / B / C
  • the network grasps information on the RAT supported by the terminal and information on the RAT that is permitted or forbidden among them, and accordingly, determines which RAT is secondary or You can decide whether to use it for limited use or which RAT to use for primary or handover.
  • the terminal may inform the network of its capability and RAT deactivated or activated from the network.
  • EUTRA is the main and is not deactivated. Also, a similar operation can be used when NR is main or another RAT is main.
  • This procedure is to transmit the UE's radio access capability information to the E-UTRAN. If the UE has changed the E-UTRAN radio access capability, the UE must request to initiate the necessary NAS procedure, to update the UE radio access capability, using a new RRC connection to a higher layer (TS 23.401 [41] Reference).
  • E-UTRAN initiates the procedure to the UE in RRC_CONNECTED state when (additional) UE radio access capability information is required.
  • the UE must:
  • the UECapabilityInformation message can be set as follows:
  • the UECapabilityInformation message can be set as follows:
  • UE-EUTRA-Capability is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and rat-Type is set to eutra;
  • Geran-cs is included in the ue-CapabilityRequest, and the UE supports the GERAN CS domain (or GERAN), the GERAN CS domain (or GERAN) is not allowed by HPLMN / user:
  • UE radio access function for GERAN CS is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container , and rat-Type is set to geran-cs;
  • the UE supports the GERAN PS domain, and the GERAN PS domain (or GERAN) is not allowed by HPLMN / user:
  • UE radio access function for GERAN PS is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and rat-Type is set to geran-ps;
  • 3> Include UE radio access function for UTRA in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and set rat-Type to utra;
  • UE radio access function for CDMA2000 is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and rat-Type is set to cdma2000-1XRTT;
  • UE radio access function for EUTRA-NR is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, rat-Type is set to utra-nr, and as described in TS 38.331 [82, 5.6.1], requestFreqBandsNR-MRDC follows. That is, when NR is not allowed by the user or HPLMN, if the UE supports ENDC, the UE must include the ENDC-related functions. Therefore, if NR is not allowed but the UE supports ENDC, the eNB cannot handover the UE to the NR cell.
  • Table 2 illustrates the UECapabilityInformation message.
  • the DisallowedRATList information is transmitted by the UE through UE capability information in the RRC, but similarly, other dedicated messages or NAS messages may be used. Or it may be included in another information element and transmitted.
  • an operation for notifying the above information from the nose network to the radio network is additionally required.
  • the terminal may transmit disallowed RAT information to the network using an RRC dedicated message or a NAS message.
  • the UE transmits an RRC message to the eNB through the RRC (S1610).
  • the RRC message contains information that a certain RAT may be disallowed or re-allowed by the user or HPLMN.
  • the eNB transmits the information related to whether the obtained RAT is allowed to the MME through the RRC message (S1611). Through this, the MME can know by the user / HPLMN which RAT is disallowed or re-allowed.
  • the terminal transmits the NAS message to the MME through the NAS (S1620).
  • the NAS message contains information that a user or HPLMN, which RAT may be disallowed or re-allowed.
  • the MME transmits information related to whether the obtained RAT is allowed through the NAS message to the eNB (S1621).
  • information related to whether to allow RAT is transmitted to the network through the NAS, to the nose, and this information can be transmitted to the RAN again.
  • the core network and the radio network can know the actual capability of the terminal or additionally, which RAT is disallowed in the terminal.
  • the RAN can decide whether to use the handover / DC.
  • 17 is an embodiment of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the power of the terminal is turned on.
  • the terminal determines the capability of the terminal. For example, the terminal may grasp information about capabilities of the terminal, that is, RATs supported by the terminal, through a storage or an internal algorithm.
  • the terminal judges the capabilities of the permitted or unauthorized terminals.
  • the terminal may grasp information about RATs that are permitted or are not allowed to be used in the capability of the terminal, that is, a user / HPLMN, through a storage or an internal algorithm.
  • the terminal searches for a cell based on the capability of the terminal and the capability of the permitted or unauthorized terminal.
  • the UE may perform a cell search based on the remaining RAT, except for the RAT in which use is not permitted, among the RATs supported by the UE, that is, the UE uses the allowed RAT.
  • the terminal selects a cell to camp.
  • the terminal may select a cell to camp on the basis of the cell search result.
  • the terminal transmits a registration message to the selected cell.
  • the terminal may transmit a registration request message to camp on the cell selected in step 5.
  • the terminal determines whether it has received a message requesting the capability of the terminal from the network. For example, as a message requesting the capability of the terminal, whether to receive the UE capability inquiry message (or a message of a similar nature may be used, described in this specification using UE capability inquiry and EU capability message). Can judge.
  • the terminal checks whether it supports RAT such as NR and E-UTRA (where NR / EUTRA is used as an example, similarly to other RATs) Can be applied).
  • RAT such as NR and E-UTRA (where NR / EUTRA is used as an example, similarly to other RATs) Can be applied).
  • the UE includes performance information on the supported NR or E-UTRA in the uE capability message.
  • the UE checks whether there is a RAT set to be unacceptable by the user for the NR / E-UTRA determined to be supported above.
  • the UE sets a disallowed RAT for an RAT whose use is set to be disallowed and includes it in the UE capability message.
  • the UE transmits the generated UE capability message.
  • this specification proposes that the terminal first transmits all its capabilities to the network, and if the use of a specific RAT is disallowed, the disallowed RAT information is transmitted to the network. Through this, the terminal can solve the problem of having to send RAT information that it supports each time.
  • the terminal in the conventional operation 1810, whenever a terminal enables / disables a certain RAT, the terminal performs attach / TAU, etc. again, and through this, the RAN newly relates to the capability of the terminal from the UE. I had to get the information.
  • the terminal informs the network of information about the capability of the terminal to the network, and when any RAT is enabled / disable by user setting, only the related information It is possible to solve a problem in which information on capability of all terminals must be reported every time.
  • the terminal of the terminal when a terminal is disabled with respect to a certain RAT, but when the RAT can be used dependently on another RAT (eg, NR of ENDC), the terminal of the terminal that is used in this dependent manner Based on the capability information, the disabled RAT information is transmitted to the network. For example, you can use the following actions.
  • This procedure is to transmit the UE's radio access capability information to the E-UTRAN. If the UE has changed the E-UTRAN radio access capability, the UE must request to initiate the necessary NAS procedure, to update the UE radio access capability, using a new RRC connection to a higher layer (TS 23.401 [41] Reference).
  • E-UTRAN initiates the procedure to the UE in RRC_CONNECTED state when (additional) UE radio access capability information is required.
  • the UE must:
  • the UECapabilityInformation message can be set as follows:
  • the UECapabilityInformation message can be set as follows:
  • UE-EUTRA-Capability is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and rat-Type is set to eutra;
  • Geran-cs is included in the ue-CapabilityRequest, and the UE supports the GERAN CS domain (or GERAN), the GERAN CS domain (or GERAN) is not allowed by HPLMN / user:
  • UE radio access function for GERAN CS is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container , and rat-Type is set to geran-cs;
  • the UE supports the GERAN PS domain, and the GERAN PS domain (or GERAN) is not allowed by HPLMN / user:
  • UE radio access function for GERAN PS is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and rat-Type is set to geran-ps;
  • 3> Include UE radio access function for UTRA in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and set rat-Type to utra;
  • UE radio access function for CDMA2000 is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, and rat-Type is set to cdma2000-1XRTT;
  • NR is not allowed by HPLMN / user, and the UE supports NR:
  • UE radio access function for EUTRA-NR is included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, rat-Type is set to utra-nr, and as described in TS 38.331 [82, 5.6.1], requestFreqBandsNR-MRDC follows.
  • NR is not allowed, further include a UE radio access function for NR in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container, set rat-Type to nr2, as described in TS 38.331 [X2, 5.6.1] , following requestFreqBandsNR-MRDC. That is, rat-Type nr2 indicates that NR cannot be used as a standalone, but can be used in other situations such as ENDC.
  • NR is not allowed
  • the UE radio access function for NR is further included in ue-CapabilityRAT-Container-nonstandalone, rat-type is set to nr2, and TS 38.331 [X2, 5.6.1] As described, follow requestFreqBandsNR-MRDC.
  • IE RAT-Type is used to indicate radio access technology (RAT) including EUTRA of requested / transmitted UE capabilities.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • EN-DC a separate value is applied to each EUTRA-NR capabilities transmitted by a separate UE capability container.
  • Table 3 illustrates RAT-Types to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the present specification proposes that a business operator and a user specifically inform which access method to be prohibited according to each situation.
  • the terminal allows the HPLMN / user to set which connection is allowed or not according to the combination of CN / RAN and RAT.
  • the terminal can determine the cell to camp on its own, based on the allowed combination.
  • the terminal may perform the following operations.
  • -Cell A LTE, EPC support
  • -Cell B LTE, 5G CN support
  • -Cell D NR, 5G CN support
  • Terminal A may consider cell A and cell C as candidates for a cell in which they can camp.
  • Terminal B may consider only cell D as a candidate for a cell that it can camp on.
  • terminal C sets all 5G CNs to disallowed
  • Terminal C may consider cell A as a candidate for a cell that can camp.
  • the terminal network information on which RAT is set to disallowed, which CN is set to disallowed, or which combination is set to disallowed (or, conversely, set to allowable for each) Can be delivered to.
  • the network may additionally transmit the information to other network nodes related to the information.
  • the MME can deliver this information to the eNB.
  • the RRC of the terminal may not notify the upper NAS, even if it searches for the cell of the unacceptable RAT combination.
  • 19 is an example of a terminal to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the terminal may include the following configuration.
  • This module reads environment setting information, terminal function information, etc. from a storage device inside the terminal. For example, information on which RAT the terminal supports may be read. Alternatively, information received from HPLMN or the like may be stored here. Information managed by this module can be delivered to the cell camping control module through interface 1.
  • This module can receive information about which RAT / CN is disallowed or allowed by the user. This information can be transferred to the cell camping control module through interface 2.
  • Cell Campling control module This module generates information on which cell the terminal should camp on or which cell to search based on the received information through interfaces 1 and 2, and through interface 4 Cell camping execution module. For example, information on which RAT / CN combination cell to find can be generated and transmitted to the cell camping execution module. For example, if the terminal supports LTE / NR, if the user only allows 5G CN in case of LTE, and if all CN is set to disallow in case of NR, this module searches only cells of LTE / 5G CN combination. What to do can be commanded with the cell camping execution module.
  • This module receives SIB information or dedicated message from a cell.
  • SIB can be read from a cell and delivered to the cell camping execution module through interface 3.
  • information on which searched cell is which RAT type and which CN is supported may be transmitted.
  • Cell camping execlution module This module determines which cell to camp on based on the information received through the 3/4 interface. That is, using the above example, some cell A supports PLMN B, this cell uses LTE and is connected to 5G CN, some cell B supports PLMN C, and this cell uses LTE and EPC
  • the cell camping execlution module selects cell A based on the information indicated by the cell camping control module. Based on this selection, the cell camping execution module can be informed that the registration procedure can be started through interface 7.
  • Registration management module When a cell to be camped is set through the cell camping execution module, an operation related to actual registration is performed. For example, it is possible to instruct the creation of a registration request message in the messae Composition module.
  • This module is responsible for writing a message to be transmitted to the network by an actual terminal.
  • a message is created using information on the capabilities of the terminal and the allowed or disallowed RAT / Cn.
  • the written message is delivered to the transmission module.
  • Transmsision module Performs the role of transmitting the message received through the message composition module to the actual cell.
  • 20 to 22 are examples of a user interface module to which the present specification can be applied.
  • the terminal displays corresponding information on a screen in order to receive a setting for an unacceptable RAT, and when each RAT and DC are provided, a user is allowed / disallowed for each combination of RATs.
  • the terminal can know which of the RATs it supports are additionally permitted and denied.
  • FIG. 20 (a) shows that the use of LTE is changed to an unacceptable state in the state where the use of LTE is allowed.
  • the disallowed setting may be set by the user or may be designated by the HPLMN.
  • the user setting screen may not be displayed from the beginning, or the user setting screen may show that setting change is disallowed.
  • FIG. 20 (b) shows that the WCDMA setting is not displayed from the beginning on the user setting screen. Therefore, in this case, the user cannot change the WCDMA.
  • WCDMA is not allowed by HPLMN, and WCDMA is supported to the terminal, so the item itself is visible, but the shade is displayed in a different color so that the user cannot change the setting, or to HPLMN. It shows that it displays information that is not allowed.
  • FIG. 21 (b) shows a setting change to change the EPC from the use permit to the use disallow.
  • an input may be received as follows.
  • the terminal when information on a setting is received from the user as described above, the terminal should operate according to the setting and also show that the user operates as intended.
  • the screen of the terminal may display information on the RAT and CN currently being accessed or used as follows. For example, referring to FIG. 22 (b), it can be seen from the following standby screen that the LTE / NR / EPC is currently being used through the upper bar. Through this, the user can recognize whether the terminal operates as set by the user, or additionally, the user needs to change the setting to change the specific RAT or CN to allow / disallow.
  • the screen shows the terminal which CN and which RATs are being used. In the above case, it shows that DC using LTE and NR at the same time is being applied, and that data routing through EPC is being applied.
  • network nodes may exchange information similar to the following.
  • the eNB may perform the following operations.
  • the eNB When the eNB does not use the information of the Handover Restriction List IE, except when the CS Fallback Indicator IE is set to "CS Fallback High Priority" and there is no additional CS Fallback Indicator IE, the eNB The object of the subsequent mobility operation is determined to provide information about the object of the mobility operation.
  • the eNB should consider that no roaming and no access restrictions are applied to the UE. In addition, the eNB should consider that there is no roaming.
  • This IE defines roaming or access restrictions for subsequent mobility operations that provide information about SCG selection during mobility operations (eg, handover and CCO) or dual connectivity operations for the terminal.
  • mobility operations eg, handover and CCO
  • the eNB receives the Handover Restriction List IE, it is overwritten with previously received restriction information.
  • Table 4 is an example of a specification based on EPC / EUTRAN in this specification. Each standard can be defined differently in a method similar to the following Table 4. In particular, various methods of expressing information are allowed.
  • NR Restriction or 'Forbidden secondary RATs' Forbidden secondary RATs NR, EUTRA
  • NR Restriction O ENUMERATED (NRrestricted, ⁇ ) Restriction to use NR.When this is set, the use of NR as secondary RAT is forbidden
  • YES ignore Unlicensed Spectrum Restriction O ENUMERATED (UnlicensedRestricted, 10) Restriction to use unlicensed spectrum in the form of LAA or LWA / LWIP as described in TS 23.401 [11].
  • YES ignore Core Network Type Restrictions 0 ..
  • the following operation may be added to the aforementioned legacy radio disabling function.
  • the user or home operator can use a specific CN type (e.g. EPC or 5G CN) / RAN type (e.g. NG-RAN, EUTRAN) or all CN types It may further specify whether or not wireless technology is permitted. If no further designation is made or not provided for an unacceptable radio technology, the radio technology is not allowed for all CN types.
  • CN type e.g. EPC or 5G CN
  • RAN type e.g. NG-RAN, EUTRAN
  • all CN types It may further specify whether or not wireless technology is permitted. If no further designation is made or not provided for an unacceptable radio technology, the radio technology is not allowed for all CN types.
  • NR and LTE are regarded as independent RATs
  • a combination of RATs via DC is also considered as a separate RAT.
  • the aforementioned legacy radio disabling function may be performed as follows.
  • the UE needs to support the setting of the Man Machine Interface (MMI) to the user so that one or more of the wireless technologies of the Mobile Equipment (ME) cannot be used to access the wireless access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • MMI Man Machine Interface
  • Each of the radio technologies that can be deactivated depends on the radio technology supported for the UE such as GSM / EDGE, WCDMA, LTE, NR, ENDC, MRDC. That is, even if NR is not allowed as the primary radio, ENDC (ENDC using NR as the secondary radio in addition to LTE) may be allowed.
  • the UE must support MMI setup to the user so that one or more ME wireless technologies can be used again to access the radio access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • the user may only re-allow wireless technology that the user has not previously permitted.
  • the MMI user setting described herein is a function applied to a legacy UE product, which is allowed to the user of the UE to change the radio function of the UE.
  • Legacy wireless technology may lack a way to mitigate some security attacks. If this problem is serious enough, the home operator may not allow subscribers to connect to the wireless access network with the wireless technology. This setting of the UE can be effectively set for all PLMNs.
  • the UE must support a security mechanism for the home operator to allow one or more of the ME's wireless technology to be allowed to access the wireless access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • Wireless technologies that may not be allowed may be GSM / EDGE, WCDMA, LTE, NR, ENDC, MRDC.
  • the UE must support a security mechanism for the home operator that allows re-allowing one or more of the ME's wireless technology to access the wireless access network regardless of the PLMN.
  • the re-acceptable wireless technology can be at least GSM / EDGE, WCDMA, LTE, NR, ENDC, MRDC.
  • the home operator may only re-accept wireless technology previously not allowed by the home operator.
  • prioritized services e.g., Emergency Service, MPS, Mission Critical Service
  • MPS e.g., Emergency Service
  • Mission Critical Service when there is no PLMN in the allowed radio technology that the UE is determined to be able to access
  • it must support the operation of automatically overriding the RAT, where the user and the network are not permitted.
  • E-UTRA When the ME's wireless technology is not allowed, some of the wireless technology's functionality should be able to be used along with other allowed ME's wireless technologies. (For example, if E-UTRA is not allowed, a lower layer of E-UTRA may be used when using a dual connection controlled by a network.)
  • each independent RAT as well as a combination of different RATs are regarded as one independent RAT, and for each of them, a user or an HPLMN is allowed / disallowed, and accordingly, the terminal is allowed to
  • the capability information can be transmitted to the network.
  • the terminal when transmitting capability information to the network in relation to ENDC / MRDC, the terminal can transmit both capability information of each of NR and EUTRA.
  • the terminal may not send information about the wireless technology to the network, for example, capability information of the terminal for the disallowed wireless technology.
  • the terminal receives a UE capability inquiry message to transmit information on the capability of the terminal from the network, the terminal checks the information on the RAT instructing the transmission in the capability of the terminal, and the user for each RAT Or, if the HPLMN is set to not allow, the capability information for the RAT is not transmitted. Then, when it is reset to allow again, the capability is transferred back to the network.
  • the terminal may directly start transmitting capability information to the RRC, or may inform the network that the specific RAT of the terminal is disallowed / allowed, and then trigger the network to start capability update.
  • the terminal may directly start transmitting capability information to the RRC, or may inform the network that the specific RAT of the terminal is disallowed / allowed, and then trigger the network to start capability update.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • a wireless communication system includes a network node 2310 and a plurality of terminals (UE) 2320.
  • the network node 2310 includes a processor (processor, 2311), a memory (memory, 2312) and a communication module (communication module, 2313) (transceiver (transceiver)).
  • the processor 2311 implements the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed in FIGS. 1 to 22 above. Layers of the wired / wireless interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 2311.
  • the memory 2312 is connected to the processor 2311, and stores various information for driving the processor 2311.
  • the communication module 2313 is connected to the processor 2311, and transmits and / or receives wired / wireless signals.
  • a base station As an example of the network node 2310, a base station, AMF, SMF, UDF, and the like may correspond to this.
  • the communication module 2313 may include a radio frequency unit (RF) unit for transmitting / receiving radio signals.
  • RF radio frequency unit
  • the terminal 2320 includes a processor 2321, a memory 2322, and a communication module (or RF unit) 2323 (transceiver).
  • the processor 2321 implements the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed in FIGS. 1 to 22 above.
  • the layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented by processor 2321.
  • the processor may include a NAS layer and an AS layer.
  • the memory 2322 is connected to the processor 2321, and stores various information for driving the processor 2321.
  • the communication module 2323 is connected to the processor 2321, and transmits and / or receives wireless signals.
  • the memories 2312 and 2322 may be inside or outside the processors 2311 and 2321, and may be connected to the processors 2311 and 2321 by various well-known means. Also, the network node 2310 (for a base station) and / or the terminal 2320 may have a single antenna or multiple antennas.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating the terminal of FIG. 23 in more detail above.
  • the communication module shown in FIG. 23 includes the RF module (or RF unit) of FIG. 24.
  • the processor illustrated in FIG. 23 corresponds to a processor (or digital signal processor (DSP) 2410) in FIG. 24.
  • the memory illustrated in FIG. 23 corresponds to a memory 2430 of FIG. .
  • the terminal includes a processor (or digital signal processor (DSP) 2410, an RF module (or RF unit) 2435, and a power management module 2405) ), Antenna (2440), battery (2455), display (display) 2415, keypad (keypad) 2420, memory (memory) 2430, SIM card (SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) ) card) 2425 (this configuration is optional), a speaker 2445 and a microphone 2450.
  • the terminal may also include a single antenna or multiple antennas. You can.
  • the processor 2410 implements the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed above.
  • the layer of the radio interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 2410.
  • the memory 2430 is connected to the processor 2410, and stores information related to the operation of the processor 2410.
  • the memory 2430 may be inside or outside the processor 2410 and may be connected to the processor 2410 by various well-known means.
  • the user inputs command information, such as a telephone number, by, for example, pressing a button of the keypad 2420 (or touching it) or by voice activation using the microphone 2450.
  • the processor 2410 receives such command information and processes it to perform an appropriate function, such as dialing a telephone number. Operational data may be extracted from the SIM card 2425 or the memory 2430. In addition, the processor 2410 may recognize the user and may display command information or driving information on the display 2415 for convenience.
  • the RF module 2435 is connected to the processor 2410, and transmits and / or receives RF signals.
  • the processor 2410 transmits command information to the RF module 2435 to initiate, for example, a radio signal constituting voice communication data.
  • the RF module 2435 is composed of a receiver and a transmitter to receive and transmit wireless signals.
  • the antenna 2440 functions to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the RF module 2435 can transmit the signal and convert the signal to baseband for processing by the processor 2410.
  • the processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker 2445.
  • the wireless device is a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, Robots, Augmented Reality (AR) devices, Virtual Reality (VR) devices, MTC devices, IoT devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, or other areas of the fourth industrial revolution, or It may be a device related to 5G service.
  • a drone may be a vehicle that does not ride and is flying by radio control signals.
  • the MTC device and the IoT device are devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation, and may be smart meters, bending machines, thermometers, smart bulbs, door locks, and various sensors.
  • a medical device is a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, reducing, treating or preventing a disease, a device used for examining, replacing or modifying a structure or function, medical equipment, surgical device, ( In vitro) diagnostic devices, hearing aids, surgical devices, and the like.
  • a security device is a device installed to prevent a risk that may occur and to maintain safety, and may be a camera, CCTV, black box, or the like.
  • a fintech device is a device that can provide financial services such as mobile payment, and may be a payment device, point of sales (POS), or the like.
  • POS point of sales
  • a climate / environment device may mean a device that monitors and predicts the climate / environment.
  • Mobile terminals described herein include mobile phones, smart phones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation, and slate PCs.
  • Tablet PC tablet PC
  • ultrabook ultrabook
  • wearable device wearable device, for example, a watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display), etc.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • embodiments of the present specification may be implemented through various means.
  • embodiments of the present specification may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the method according to embodiments herein includes one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) , Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
  • the method according to the embodiments of the present specification may be implemented in the form of an apparatus, procedure, or function that performs the functions or operations described above.
  • the software code can be stored in a memory unit and driven by a processor.
  • the memory unit is located inside or outside the processor, and can exchange data with the processor by various known means.
  • the above-mentioned specification allows the program to be embodied as computer readable codes on a medium recorded thereon.
  • the computer-readable medium includes any kind of recording device in which data readable by a computer system is stored. Examples of computer-readable media include a hard disk drive (HDD), solid state disk (SSD), silicon disk drive (SDD), ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device. This includes, and is also implemented in the form of a carrier wave (eg, transmission over the Internet).
  • the computer may include a processor Y120 of the terminal. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all respects, but should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present specification should be determined by rational interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present specification are included in the scope of the present specification.
  • the communication method as described above is allowed to be applied to various wireless communication systems including IEEE 802.16x, 802.11x systems as well as 3GPP systems. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé dans lequel une commande de ressource radio (RRC) d'un terminal dans un système de communication sans fil configure la capacité du terminal à un réseau, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à : recevoir, en provenance d'une station de base, un message de demande qui demande des informations concernant la capacité du terminal ; et transmettre, à la station de base et en réponse au message de demande, des informations concernant la capacité du terminal, la capacité du terminal pouvant être associée à une technologie d'accès radio (RAT) prise en charge par le terminal.
PCT/KR2019/013451 2018-10-12 2019-10-14 Procédé de configuration, à un réseau, de capacité d'un terminal prenant en charge de multiples systèmes d'accès sans fil dans un système de communication sans fil, et dispositif associé WO2020076144A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2018-0122137 2018-10-12
KR20180122137 2018-10-12
KR10-2018-0122129 2018-10-12
KR20180122129 2018-10-12

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WO2020076144A1 true WO2020076144A1 (fr) 2020-04-16

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CN113573331A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2021-10-29 华为技术有限公司 一种通信方法、装置及系统
WO2023179468A1 (fr) * 2022-03-21 2023-09-28 上海朗帛通信技术有限公司 Procédé et appareil utilisés pour des communications sans fil
WO2023245645A1 (fr) * 2022-06-24 2023-12-28 Zte Corporation Procédés et systèmes de transfert d'informations de capacité d'équipement utilisateur
CN117336167A (zh) * 2023-11-07 2024-01-02 镇江快智慧创新发展有限公司 一种物联网设备的配网方法及系统
WO2024051663A1 (fr) * 2022-09-07 2024-03-14 维沃移动通信有限公司 Procédé d'établissement de canal de données, et premier terminal et second terminal
WO2024061125A1 (fr) * 2022-09-24 2024-03-28 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113573331A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2021-10-29 华为技术有限公司 一种通信方法、装置及系统
CN113573331B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2023-09-01 华为技术有限公司 一种通信方法、装置及系统
WO2023179468A1 (fr) * 2022-03-21 2023-09-28 上海朗帛通信技术有限公司 Procédé et appareil utilisés pour des communications sans fil
WO2023245645A1 (fr) * 2022-06-24 2023-12-28 Zte Corporation Procédés et systèmes de transfert d'informations de capacité d'équipement utilisateur
WO2024051663A1 (fr) * 2022-09-07 2024-03-14 维沃移动通信有限公司 Procédé d'établissement de canal de données, et premier terminal et second terminal
WO2024061125A1 (fr) * 2022-09-24 2024-03-28 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication
CN117336167A (zh) * 2023-11-07 2024-01-02 镇江快智慧创新发展有限公司 一种物联网设备的配网方法及系统

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