WO2020216053A1 - 用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质 - Google Patents

用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质 Download PDF

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WO2020216053A1
WO2020216053A1 PCT/CN2020/083475 CN2020083475W WO2020216053A1 WO 2020216053 A1 WO2020216053 A1 WO 2020216053A1 CN 2020083475 W CN2020083475 W CN 2020083475W WO 2020216053 A1 WO2020216053 A1 WO 2020216053A1
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Prior art keywords
distributed data
transfer
subject
address
key pair
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PCT/CN2020/083475
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李茂材
王宗友
蓝虎
时一防
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腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2020216053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020216053A1/zh
Priority to US17/336,231 priority Critical patent/US11917057B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/088—Usage controlling of secret information, e.g. techniques for restricting cryptographic keys to pre-authorized uses, different access levels, validity of crypto-period, different key- or password length, or different strong and weak cryptographic algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/14—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/30—Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a technology for processing distributed data, and in particular to a method, equipment, device and medium for processing distributed data.
  • Distributed data technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligence composed of automated script codes.
  • the present disclosure provides a method, equipment, device, and medium for processing distributed data, which are used to transfer the distributed data to a management address when the distributed data meets certain conditions to realize the Management.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for processing distributed data, including: obtaining distributed data with a transfer identifier, where the distributed data is owned by a first entity; when the distributed data meets the first condition In this case, a second entity different from the first entity transfers the distributed data to the management address based on the transfer identifier, wherein the distributed data transferred to the management address cannot be transferred by the first entity Transfer.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a device for processing distributed data, including: an acquisition unit configured to acquire distributed data with a transfer identifier, the distributed data being owned by a first subject; and a transfer unit, Configured to transfer the distributed data to a management address based on the transfer identifier when the distributed data meets the first condition, wherein the distributed data transferred to the management address cannot be transferred from the first condition One subject transfer.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an apparatus for processing distributed data, including: one or more processors; and one or more memories, wherein computer-readable codes are stored in the memory, and the computer The readable code, when executed by the one or more processors, executes the method for processing distributed data as described above.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method for processing distributed data as described above.
  • the distributed data is owned by a first subject, and a second subject different from the first subject can be implemented based on the The transfer identifier is used to transfer the distributed data that meets the first condition to the management address, so that after the transfer to the management address, the first subject of all the distributed data cannot transfer the distributed data to realize the second subject
  • the controllability and security of the distributed data are improved.
  • FIG. 1A shows a system architecture diagram for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1B shows a flowchart of a method for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2A shows a schematic flow chart of creating and transferring blockchain electronic invoices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 2B shows a schematic diagram of a blockchain electronic invoice and its transfer process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of managing blockchain electronic invoices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a device for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of an exemplary computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Distributed data is electronic data that is stored and operated on a distributed infrastructure and computing method. It has the advantages of stability, reliability, and non-tamperability. At present, electronic data based on blockchain technology may be an implementation of the distributed data.
  • the blockchain technology is a fusion technology in multiple fields such as point-to-point communication, digital encryption, multi-party collaborative consensus algorithm, distributed ledger, etc., and has the characteristics of non-tampering and traceability of data on the chain.
  • the electronic data based on the blockchain technology can ensure that the data on the chain is credible and transferable, which helps to improve operation efficiency and reduce business costs.
  • the electronic data based on block chain technology may refer to storing data in a block chain data structure.
  • a block chain data structure storing the data can be understood as a shared ledger in which information related to the data is stored.
  • the blockchain technology can be applied to application scenarios such as supply chain finance involving multiple parties.
  • the blockchain technology can be applied to the application scenario of bill business, that is, the blockchain technology is used to Realize electronic bills' issuing, storage and circulation operations.
  • the electronic receipt may be an electronic invoice.
  • electronic bills based on blockchain technology can be called blockchain electronic bills.
  • the electronic data based on the blockchain technology may also be data other than electronic bills, and the electronic bills are only a specific example of the electronic data.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for processing distributed data, which can be used, for example, to manage the distributed data.
  • the management may be, for example, management of distributed data that may have abnormalities, for example, making it impossible to operate on the distributed data temporarily.
  • distributed data can be realized by blockchain technology, that is, the distributed data can be blockchain electronic bills.
  • the electronic bill may be an electronic invoice, that is, the blockchain electronic bill may specifically be a blockchain electronic invoice.
  • a blockchain electronic bill will be used as distributed data, combined with a specific example of a blockchain electronic invoice, to describe a method for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the management of distributed data may be: the regulatory agency temporarily or permanently freezes some abnormal transactions in the process of auditing or supervising blockchain electronic bills Information about the process of blockchain electronic bills.
  • Fig. 1A shows a structural diagram of a system for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system includes computing devices 10, 30, 40, 50, and a communication network 20.
  • the computing devices 10, 30, 40, 50 may be servers, PCs, portable computing terminals, and the like.
  • one or more of the computing devices 10, 30, 40, 50 may apply the method for processing distributed data of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1B shows a flowchart of a method for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the distributed data may be the block chain electronic bill as described above, and the processing may be to manage the block chain electronic bill. It should be noted that the distributed data may also be other types of data. This method can be executed by one of the computing devices 10, 30, 40, 50 shown in FIG. 1A.
  • step S101 the distributed data with the transfer identifier is acquired.
  • the distributed data may be owned by the first subject.
  • the distributed data can be used as a kind of electronic asset, which belongs to its owner.
  • step S101 can obtain a blockchain electronic bill with a transfer identifier.
  • the blockchain electronic bill is owned by the first subject.
  • the first subject of the owner of a block chain electronic bill it has the ownership of the block chain electronic bill and can perform sanctions such as transfer of the block chain electronic bill.
  • the first subject may be an individual user, an enterprise, or a service provider who uses blockchain electronic bills.
  • the service provider may be an organization for providing services based on blockchain technology.
  • Step S102 In a case where the distributed data meets the first condition, a second subject different from the first subject transfers the distributed data to a management address based on the transfer identifier.
  • the first condition may be that the transaction information of the distributed data is abnormal, that is, when the transaction information of the distributed data is abnormal, the distributed data is transferred based on the transfer identifier. Transfer to the management address.
  • the distributed data can be transferred to the management address by a second body different from the first body.
  • the second subject that is different from the first subject may be, for example, an institution that has a regulatory function on blockchain electronic bills, such as a regulatory agency, an audit agency, or a bank. Institutions with regulatory functions, such as regulatory agencies, can manage the blockchain electronic bills without having the ownership of the blockchain electronic bills.
  • the management address may correspond to the regulatory agency, and the regulatory agency manages blockchain electronic bills that meet the first condition based on the management address. Further, the process of transferring the distributed data to the management address by the second subject based on the transfer identifier does not require the consent of the first subject as the owner.
  • the first condition may be that the block chain electronic bill has abnormal transaction information.
  • the situation that the blockchain electronic bill meets the first condition may be: a regulatory agency, an audit agency, or a bank, etc., judge that there is abnormal transaction information in the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the abnormal transaction information can be determined according to specific application scenarios, and is not limited here. For example, for an enterprise with a single-day turnover of 10,000 yuan, and a blockchain electronic invoice with a denomination of 1 million is issued in a single day, it can be determined that the blockchain electronic invoice has abnormal transaction information. For another example, for an enterprise with a single-day transaction volume of 200 orders, conventionally, the number of blockchain electronic invoices for the enterprise in a single day is 200.
  • the 1,000 blockchain electronic invoices have abnormal transaction information.
  • a block chain electronic bill is frequently transferred in a short time, it can also be determined that the block chain electronic bill has abnormal transaction information.
  • the abnormal situation can be determined according to specific application scenarios, and no examples are given here.
  • the distributed data transferred to the management address cannot be transferred by the first subject.
  • the distributed data is controlled by the second entity.
  • the distributed data is still owned by the first subject, the first subject as the owner cannot perform further operations on the distributed data until the second subject transfers the distributed data out of the management address.
  • the regulatory agency as the second subject can transfer it to the management address to realize the supervision and control of the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the management address is only used to realize the control of the blockchain electronic bill, and the owner of the blockchain electronic bill is still the first subject.
  • the transfer identification of the distributed data may be a multi-signature address created based on a first key pair corresponding to the first subject and a second key pair corresponding to the second subject.
  • the multi-signature address is created based on the public key in the first key pair and the public key in the second key pair.
  • the first key pair may include a public key and a private key, and may correspond to the first subject, such as an owner.
  • the second key pair may include a public key and a private key, and may correspond to the second subject, such as a regulatory authority.
  • a blockchain electronic bill will be used as an example to describe the key pair and the multi-signature address created based on the first key pair and the second key pair.
  • the public key in the key pair it can be used as the identity of the subject.
  • the public key in the first key pair corresponding to the first subject may identify the identity information of the first subject.
  • the public key in the second key pair corresponding to the second subject can identify the identity information of the second subject.
  • the public key can be used to create a signed address.
  • the public key in the first key pair corresponding to the first subject can create a signature address corresponding to the first subject.
  • the signature address can be understood as an account with the signature of the first subject, for example.
  • the first subject can transfer the bill asset to the signature address created by its public key to generate a blockchain electronic bill corresponding to the bill asset, and the ownership of the blockchain electronic bill People are the first subject.
  • Other subjects in the blockchain such as the second subject, can identify the owner of the blockchain electronic bill based on the signature address, that is, the first subject.
  • the public key in the second key pair corresponding to the second subject can be used to create the signature address corresponding to the second subject.
  • the private key in the key pair can be used to transfer the blockchain electronic bill corresponding to the signature address created by the public key in the key pair.
  • the first subject may use the public key in the first key pair to create the signature address A, and use the private key in the first key pair to transfer the bill asset to the signature address A.
  • the public key in the first key pair corresponding to the first subject and the second key pair corresponding to the second subject can be used To create a multi-signature address.
  • the public key in the first key pair may be used to create the first signature address
  • the public key in the second key pair may be used to create the second signature address, which is created by the first signature address and the second signature address.
  • the multi-signature address For electronic bills transferred to the multi-signature address, such as bill assets, any one of the first subject and the second subject can transfer the electronic bill by virtue of its private key without the other party's consent.
  • the first subject can refer to the owner of the blockchain electronic bill
  • the second subject refers to the subject used to manage the blockchain electronic bill, such as supervision The institution, that is, the second subject does not have the ownership of the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the first subject can rely on Operate the blockchain electronic bill corresponding to the private key in the first key pair. For example, if the blockchain electronic bill is transferred to another owner (eg, a second owner), after the transfer operation is completed, a multi-signature address corresponding to the second subject and the second owner will be created.
  • transaction information related to the transfer operation will also be stored in the block chain data structure.
  • transferring the distributed data to a management address based on the transfer identifier may include: based on the multi-signature address, using the private key in the second key pair to transfer the The distributed data is transferred to the management address.
  • the second entity can use the private key in the second key pair to transfer the
  • the blockchain electronic bill is transferred to the management address, wherein the blockchain electronic bill transferred to the management address cannot be transferred by the first subject.
  • the operation of transferring to the management address can be understood as freezing the blockchain electronic bills.
  • the distributed data in a case where it is determined that the distributed data satisfies the second condition, the distributed data is transferred out of the management address.
  • the second entity may also transfer the blockchain electronic bill The management address.
  • the second subject may use the private key in the second key pair to transfer the blockchain electronic bill back to the multi-signature address.
  • the first subject as the owner of the blockchain electronic bill can continue to operate the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the operation of transferring out of the management address can be understood as unfreezing the blockchain electronic bills.
  • the second condition will be described in conjunction with blockchain electronic bills.
  • the second subject may make further judgments on the blockchain electronic bill, for example, conduct an in-depth review of abnormal transaction information.
  • the second subject may transfer the blockchain electronic bill out of the management address.
  • the second condition may be that there is no abnormal transaction information in the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the first condition may be that, for example, the regulatory agency judges that there is suspicious transaction information in the blockchain electronic bill, that is, it is likely to have abnormal transaction information.
  • the second entity transfers the blockchain electronic bill to the management address for freezing.
  • the second subject can further review the suspicious transaction information. If it is determined that the suspicious transaction information does not belong to abnormal transaction information, the blockchain electronic bill can be transferred out of the management address to proceed. thaw.
  • the second condition may also be determined according to specific application scenarios.
  • the second condition may be that the blockchain electronic bill no longer meets the freezing conditions, etc.
  • the regulatory agency still cannot Confirm that it does have abnormal transaction information.
  • it can be determined that the block chain electronic bill no longer meets the freezing condition, and the second subject can transfer the block chain electronic bill out of the management address.
  • the first condition and the second condition can be set accordingly according to specific application scenarios, which are not limited here.
  • FIG. 2A shows a flowchart of creating and transferring a blockchain electronic invoice according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2B shows a schematic diagram of a blockchain electronic invoice and its transfer process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a blockchain electronic invoice will be taken as an example, in conjunction with FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, to further describe the method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the method can also be applied to other application scenarios, such as application in the supply chain finance field of encrypted data, transaction deposit certificates, etc., or in fields related to artificial intelligence.
  • a first key pair corresponding to the first subject is generated.
  • a second key pair corresponding to the second subject is generated.
  • the owner corresponding to the first subject may be registered on the blockchain, that is, the information including the identity information of the owner may be stored in the blockchain data structure.
  • a first key pair including a public key and a private key corresponding to the owner can be generated.
  • the owner may submit the public key in the first key pair to the institution for creating the signature address to create the signature address.
  • the regulatory agency corresponding to the second subject can also be registered on the blockchain, and a second key pair including a public key and a private key corresponding to the regulatory agency can be generated.
  • a multi-signature address may be created based on the public key in the first key pair and the public key in the second key pair. After the multi-signature address is created, the multi-signature address can be notified to the owner. The multi-signature address will be used as the account number of the owner for subsequent receipt and issuance operations. Based on the multi-signature address, either the owner or the regulatory agency can transfer the blockchain electronic invoice corresponding to the multi-signature address by virtue of its private key. In this way, it can be realized that in the case where the regulatory agency determines that there is abnormal transaction information in the blockchain electronic invoice, the blockchain electronic invoice can be transferred to the management address by virtue of the private key of the regulatory agency.
  • the proprietor can use the private key in the first key pair to transfer the bill asset to the multi-signature address, that is, to implement a billing operation.
  • the owner may use the private key in the first key pair to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice based on the multi-signature address.
  • the first subject and the second subject can transfer it by virtue of its private key without the consent of the other party.
  • the first subject as the owner may use the private key in the first key pair to transfer the bill asset corresponding to the multi-signature address without the consent of the second subject.
  • FIG. 2B shows a schematic diagram of an electronic invoice based on blockchain technology, that is, a blockchain electronic invoice.
  • the information of the blockchain electronic invoice is displayed on the right side.
  • the name, address, telephone and other information can be displayed, and the product name, specification model, unit price, and amount can also be displayed in detail.
  • Tax rate and other information related to the invoice can be displayed on the right side.
  • the left side of Figure 2B shows the transfer information corresponding to the blockchain electronic invoice.
  • the information of the invoice is used as a note asset, which is first created to the address 211 corresponding to the owner.
  • the address may be a multi-signature address created by the public key of the proprietor and the public key of the regulatory agency.
  • the owner may transfer the information of the invoice to an address 212 corresponding to, for example, a consumer.
  • the consumer can transfer the blockchain electronic invoice to, for example, the address 213 of the enterprise for reimbursement.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow chart of managing blockchain electronic invoices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the management may be, for example, that the above-mentioned regulatory agency transfers the blockchain electronic invoice to a management address.
  • the owner transfers the blockchain electronic invoice (ie, step S205)
  • step S301 it is determined whether the blockchain electronic invoice is abnormal, that is, whether there is abnormal transaction information.
  • a regulatory agency or bank can review the blockchain electronic invoice to determine whether it has abnormal transaction information.
  • step S205 that is, the private key in the first key pair can be used to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice as shown in Figure 2B
  • the owner can use the private key of the owner to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice to an address 212 corresponding to, for example, a consumer.
  • step S302 can be performed, and the supervisory authority uses the private key in the second key pair to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice with abnormal transaction information Go to the management address to freeze the blockchain electronic invoice so that the owner of the blockchain electronic invoice cannot operate it.
  • the owner cannot use the private key of the owner to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice to the address 212 corresponding to, for example, the consumer, so that all The owner of the blockchain electronic invoice cannot continue to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice.
  • step S303 it can be judged again whether the blockchain electronic invoice is abnormal.
  • the supervisory authority can further review the blockchain electronic invoice to determine whether the blockchain electronic invoice needs to be checked. Unfreeze the invoice.
  • step S304 may be performed to record the information of the blockchain electronic invoice for use Subsequent processing operations, such as permanently freezing the blockchain electronic invoices.
  • step S305 may be performed, and the regulatory agency uses the private key in the second key pair to transfer the blockchain electronic invoice to the management address.
  • the regulatory agency may transfer the blockchain electronic invoice back to the multi-signature address.
  • the operation of transferring out of the management address can be understood as unfreezing the blockchain electronic invoice.
  • the transfer identifier of the distributed data may be a smart contract corresponding to the distributed data, and the second entity may transfer the distributed data to a management address based on the smart contract .
  • the smart contract may be a program used to implement the terms agreed upon by both parties to abide by. When the agreed execution terms are met, corresponding operations, such as transfers, can be automatically executed according to the smart contract.
  • a smart contract can be created as the transfer identifier of the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the owner corresponding to the first subject can transfer the bill assets to the contract address corresponding to the smart contract to generate a blockchain electronic bill.
  • the owner transfers the bill assets to the contract address corresponding to the smart contract, he believes that he is willing to comply with the terms agreed in the smart contract.
  • the regulatory agency corresponding to the second entity will transfer the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the regulatory agency in the case of abnormal transaction information in the blockchain electronic bill, the regulatory agency can directly transfer the blockchain electronic bill to the management address to freeze the blockchain Electronic bills to realize the supervision of blockchain electronic bills.
  • the regulatory agency corresponding to the second subject sets a freeze mark on the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the freezing mark is used to freeze the blockchain electronic bill.
  • the owner of the blockchain electronic bill with the freeze mark cannot transfer it.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for processing distributed data, which can be realized by using the method according to the present disclosure: for distributed data with a transfer identifier, the distributed data that meets the first condition can be transferred based on the transfer identifier To the management address.
  • the distributed data is owned by a first subject, and a second subject different from the first subject transfers the distributed data to a management address based on the transfer identifier.
  • the transfer identifier can be a multi-signature address or a smart contract.
  • the distributed data in the present disclosure can be based on blockchain technology data, such as blockchain electronic bills, etc. Using the method according to the present disclosure, the ability to supervise electronic bills such as blockchain can be improved to ensure the blockchain The security and stability of electronic bills.
  • a device for processing distributed data is also provided.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a device for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the device 1000 for processing distributed data may include an acquisition unit 1010 and a transfer unit 1020.
  • the obtaining unit 1010 may be configured to obtain distributed data with a transfer identifier, and the distributed data is owned by the first subject.
  • the transfer unit 1020 may be configured to transfer the distributed data to a management address based on the transfer identifier when the distributed data meets the first condition, wherein the block transferred to the management address Link electronic data cannot be transferred by the second subject.
  • the transfer identification of the distributed data is based on a multi-signature address created based on a first key pair corresponding to the first subject and a second key pair corresponding to the second subject.
  • the multi-signature address is created based on the public key in the first key pair and the public key in the second key pair.
  • the transfer unit 1020 may use the private key in the second key pair to transfer the distributed data to the management address based on the multi-signature address.
  • the first condition is that the transaction information of the distributed data is abnormal.
  • the transfer identifier of the distributed data is a smart contract corresponding to the distributed data
  • the transfer unit 1020 may transfer the distributed data to a management address based on the smart contract .
  • the transfer unit 1020 is further configured to transfer the distributed data out of the management address when it is determined that the distributed data meets a second condition.
  • the distributed data is owned by the first subject, and the distributed data transferred to the management address cannot be transferred by the first subject.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus 2000 for processing distributed data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 2000 may include one or more processors 2010 and one or more memories 2020.
  • the memory 2020 stores computer-readable codes, and when the computer-readable codes are run by the one or more processors 2010, the method for processing distributed data as described above can be executed.
  • the method or device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be implemented by means of the architecture of the computing device 3000 shown in FIG. 6.
  • the computing device 3000 may include a bus 3010, one or more CPUs 3020, a read only memory (ROM) 3030, a random access memory (RAM) 3040, a communication port 3050 connected to a network, and an input/output component 3060 , Hard Disk 3070, etc.
  • the storage device in the computing device 3000 such as the ROM 3030 or the hard disk 3070, can store various data or files used in the processing and/or communication of the method for processing distributed data provided by the present disclosure and the program instructions executed by the CPU.
  • the computing device 3000 may also include a user interface 3080.
  • the architecture shown in FIG. 6 is only exemplary. When implementing different devices, one or more components in the computing device shown in FIG. 6 may be omitted according to actual needs.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram 4000 of a storage medium according to the present disclosure.
  • the computer storage medium 4020 stores computer readable instructions 4010.
  • the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, for example, volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory.
  • the volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache), for example.
  • the non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

Abstract

一种用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质。所述方法包括：获取具有转移标识的分布式数据（S101），所述分布式数据由第一主体所有；在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，由不同于所述第一主体的第二主体基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址（S102），其中，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转移。所述分布式数据的转移标识是基于对应于第一主体的第一密钥对和对应于第二主体的第二密钥对创建的多重签名地址。

Description

用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质
本申请要求于2019年04月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910340034.8、发明名称为“用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及处理分布式数据的技术，具体的涉及一种用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质。
发明背景
分布式数据技术是利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法来生成和更新数据、利用密码学的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算方式。由此，基于分布式数据处理技术的电子数据，具有稳定性、可靠性和不可篡改等优势。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的方法、设备、装置和介质，用于在分布式数据满足一定条件的情况下，将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址以实现对于分布式数据的管理。
本公开实施例提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的方法，包括：获取具有转移标识的分布式数据，所述分布式数据由第一主体所有；在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，由不同于所述第一主体的第二主体基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址，其中，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转移。
本公开实施例还提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的设备，包括：获取单元，配置用于获取具有转移标识的分布式数据，所述分布式数据由第一主体所有；以及转移单元，配置用于在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，基于所述转移标识将 所述分布式数据转移到管理地址，其中，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转移。
本公开实施例还提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的装置，包括：一个或多个处理器；和一个或多个存储器，其中，所述存储器中存储有计算机可读代码，所述计算机可读代码当由所述一个或多个处理器运行时，执行如上所述的用于处理分布式数据的方法。
本公开实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有指令，所述指令在被处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行如上所述的用于处理分布式数据的方法。
本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的方法，通过获取具有转移标识的分布式数据，所述分布式数据由第一主体所有，可以实现由不同于第一主体的第二主体基于所述转移标识来将满足第一条件的分布式数据转移到管理地址，从而使得在转移到管理地址后，所有该分布式数据的第一主体不能对所述分布式数据进行转移，以实现第二主体对于所述分布式数据的管理，提高所述分布式数据的可控性和安全性。
附图简要说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的系统架构图；
图1B示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的方法的流程图；
图2A示出了根据本公开实施例的创建和转移区块链电子发票的示意性流程图；
图2B示出了根据本公开实施例的区块链电子发票及其转移过程的示意图；
图3示出了根据本公开实施例的管理区块链电子发票的示意性流程图；
图4示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的设备的示意性框图；
图5示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的装置的示意图；
图6示出了根据本公开实施例的示例性计算设备的架构的示意图；
图7示出了根据本公开实施例的存储介质的示意图。
实施本发明的方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本公开一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。
本公开中使用了流程图用来说明根据本公开的实施例的方法的步骤。应当理解的是，前面或后面的步骤不一定按照顺序来精确的进行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各种步骤。同时，也可以将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步。
分布式数据是以分布式的基础架构以及计算方式进行存储和操作的电子数据，具有稳定性、可靠性和不可篡改等优势。目前，基于区块链技术的电子数据可以是所述分布式数据的一种实现方式。
所述区块链技术是点对点通信、数字加密、多方协同共识算法、分布式账本等多个领域的融合技术，具有不可篡改、链上数据可溯源等特性。所述基于区块链技术的电子数据，能保证链上数据可信、可流转，有助于提高操作效率，降低业务成本。具体的，所述基于区块链技术的电子数据可以是指将数据以块链式数据结构的方式进行存储。例如，可以将存储所述数据的块链式数据结构理解为其中存储有与该数据相关的信息的共享账本。
基于此，可以将所述区块链技术应用于例如多方参与的供应链金融等应用场景，例如，可以将所述区块链技术应用于票据业务的应用场景，即，利用区块链技术来实现电子票据的开票、存储和流转等操作。换句话说，利用区块链技术来实施票据业务。例如，所述电子票据可以是电子发票。本文中，可以将基于区块链技术的电子票据称为区块链电子票据。需要注意的是，所述基于区块链技术的电子数据还可以是除了电子票据之外的其他数据，电子票据仅是所述电子数据的一种具体示例。
在上述票据业务的应用场景中，传统的纸质票据面临开票手续复杂、票据保存困难等方面的问题。此外，在开出纸质票据之后，监管机构完全不可跟踪也无法控制该纸质票据的流转过程。相对于纸质票据，还发展有电子票据(诸如PDF格式的电子发票)。然而，电子票据同样面临监管机构不可跟踪、无法控制该票据的流转过程的问题。换句话说，上述两种票据的流转过程完全脱离监管机构的监管。相比较地，基于区块链技术的电子票据，即区块链电子票据为监管票据的流转过程提供了可能。需要注意的是，上述监管流转过程的可能性同样适用于除了区块链电子票据之外的其他的基于区块链技术的数据。
本公开实施例提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的方法，可以用于，例如，实现对所述分布式数据进行管理。所述管理例如可以是对于可能存在异常的分布式数据进行管理，例如，使得暂时不能对所述分布式数据进行操作。
如上所述，分布式数据可以由区块链技术实现，即，所述分布式数据可以是区块链电子票据。作为一种示例，所述电子票据例如可以是电子发票，即，所述区块链电子票据具体可以是区块链电子发票。在本文中，将以区块链电子票据作为分布式数据，并结合区块链电子发票这一具体示例，来描述根据本公开实施例的处理分布式数据的方法。
例如，所述用于处理分布式数据的方法中，对分布式数据进行管理可以是：监管机构在对区块链电子票据进行审计或者监管的过程中，临时或者永久地冻结一些存在异常的交易信息的区块链电子票据的过程。
图1A示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的系统结构图。其中，该系统包括计算设备10、30、40、50，以及通信网络20。计算设备10、30、40、50可以是服务器、PC或便携式计算终端等。各实施例中，计算设备10、30、40、50中的一个或多个可以应用本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的方法。
图1B示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的方法的流程图。其中，所述分布式数据可以是如上所述的区块链电子票据，所述处理可以是对所述区块链电子票据进行管理。需要注意的是，所述分布式数据还可以是其他类型的数据。该方法可以由图1A所示的计算设备10、30、40、50中的一个执行。
如图1B所示，在步骤S101，获取具有转移标识的分布式数据。根据本公开实施例，所述分布式数据可以由第一主体所有。所述分布式数据可以作为一种电子资 产，归属于其所有权人。例如，步骤S101可以获取具有转移标识的区块链电子票据。所述区块链电子票据由第一主体所有。作为某一区块链电子票据的所有权人的第一主体，拥有对于该区块链电子票据的所有权，并可以对该区块链电子票据进行诸如转让的处分。例如，所述第一主体可以是使用区块链电子票据的个人用户、企业或者是服务商等。例如，所述服务商可以是用于提供基于区块链技术的服务的机构。
步骤S102，在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，不同于所述第一主体的第二主体基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。根据本公开实施例，所述第一条件可以是所述分布式数据的交易信息异常，即，在所述分布式数据的交易信息异常的情况下，基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
根据本公开实施例，可以由不同于所述第一主体的第二主体来将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。对于区块链电子票据，所述不同于所述第一主体的第二主体例如可以是对区块链电子票据具有监管职能的机构，诸如监管机构、审计机构或者银行等。诸如监管机构的具有监管职能的机构可以对所述区块链电子票据进行管理，而不具有所述区块链电子票据所有权。所述管理地址可以是对应于所述监管机构，所述监管机构基于所述管理地址来管理满足第一条件的区块链电子票据。进一步地，所述第二主体基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址的过程无需作为所有权人的第一主体的同意。
以区块链电子票据为例，所述第一条件可以是所述区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息。在此示例中，所述区块链电子票据满足第一条件的情况可以是：监管机构、审计机构或者银行等判断区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息。所述异常的交易信息可以根据具体的应用场景来进行确定，在此不作限制。举例来说，对于单日营业额为1万元的企业，单日开具面额为100万的区块链电子发票，则可以确定该区块链电子发票存在异常的交易信息。又例如，对于单日交易量为200单的企业，常规地，该企业单日区块链电子发票数目为200张，如果该企业某一日开具了1000张区块链电子发票，则可以确定该1000张区块链电子发票存在异常的交易信息。又例如，某一区块链电子票据在短时间内频繁地被转移，也可以确定该区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息。如上所述，所述异常的情形可以根据具体的应用场景来进行确定，在此不再一一举例。
根据本公开实施例，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转 移。换句话说，将分布式数据转移到管理地址后，该分布式数据受到第二主体的控制。虽然该分布式数据仍由所述第一主体所有，但作为所有权人的第一主体无法对该分布式数据进行进一步的操作，直到第二主体将该分布式数据转移出所述管理地址。
例如，在确定某一区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息的情况下，作为第二主体的监管机构可以将其转移到管理地址以实现对于该区块链电子票据的监管和控制。需要注意的是，所述管理地址仅用于实现对于所述区块链电子票据的控制，所述区块链电子票据的所有权人仍为所述第一主体。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述分布式数据的转移标识可以是基于对应于第一主体的第一密钥对和对应于第二主体的第二密钥对创建的多重签名地址。例如，所述多重签名地址是基于所述第一密钥对中的公钥和所述第二密钥对中的公钥创建的。
所述第一密钥对中可以包括公钥和私钥，并可以对应于所述第一主体，诸如所有权人。所述第二密钥对中可以包括公钥和私钥，并可以对应于所述第二主体，诸如监管机构。
以下，将以区块链电子票据为例描述所述密钥对以及基于所述第一密钥对和第二密钥对创建的多重签名地址。
对于密钥对中的公钥，其可以作为主体的身份标识。例如，对应于第一主体的第一密钥对中公钥可以标识出所述第一主体的身份信息。同样地，对应于第二主体的第二密钥对中的公钥可以标识出所述第二主体的身份信息。所述公钥可以用于创建签名地址。在电子票据的应用场景中。例如，对应于第一主体的第一密钥对中的公钥可以创建对应于所述第一主体的签名地址。所述签名地址例如可以理解为具有第一主体签名的账号。在需要创建区块链电子票据时，第一主体可以将票据资产转入由其公钥创建的签名地址，以生成对应于该票据资产的区块链电子票据，该区块链电子票据的所有权人为第一主体。区块链中的其他主体，例如第二主体，可以依据该区块链电子票据的签名地址识别出其所有权人，即第一主体。同样地，对应于第二主体的第二密钥对中的公钥，可以用于创建对应于所述第二主体的签名地址。
对于密钥对中的私钥，可以用于转移对应于由该密钥对中的公钥创建的签名地址的区块链电子票据。举例来说，第一主体可以利用第一密钥对中的公钥创建签名地址A，并利用第一密钥对中的私钥将票据资产转移到所述签名地址A。
在根据本公开的上述实施例中，为了实现对区块链电子票据进行监管，可以利用对应于第一主体的第一密钥对中的公钥和对应于第二主体的第二密钥对中的公钥来创建多重签名地址。作为一个示例，可以利用第一密钥对中的公钥创建第一签名地址，利用第二密钥对中的公钥创建第二签名地址，由所述第一签名地址和第二签名地址创建所述多重签名地址。对于转入所述多重签名地址的电子票据，诸如票据资产，第一主体和第二主体中的任意一方均可凭借其私钥对所述电子票据进行转移，而无需另一方的同意。
对于对应于该多重签名地址的区块链电子票据，依据该多重签名地址，区块链中的其他主体，可以识别出第一主体的身份信息以及第二主体的身份信息。需要注意的是，在本文中，所述第一主体是可以指所述区块链电子票据的所有权人，所述第二主体是指用于管理所述区块链电子票据的主体，例如监管机构，即，所述第二主体不具有对于所述区块链电子票据的所有权。
在根据本公开的上述实施例中，在所述区块链电子票据不满足第一条件的情况下，例如，所述区块链电子票据不存在异常的交易信息，所述第一主体可以凭借对应于其的第一密钥对中的私钥来对所述区块链电子票据进行操作。例如，将所述区块链电子票据转让给其他的所有权人(如，第二所有权人)，在完成转让操作之后，将创建对应于所述第二主体以及第二所有权人的多重签名地址。此外，与所述转让操作相关的交易信息也将存储在所述块链式数据结构中。
在根据本公开的上述实施例中，基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址可以包括：基于所述多重签名地址，利用所述第二密钥对中的私钥将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。例如，在确定区块链电子票据满足第一条件之后(如，存在异常的交易信息)，第二主体可以基于所述多重签名地址，利用所述第二密钥对中的私钥将所述区块链电子票据转移到管理地址，其中，转移到管理地址的区块链电子票据不能由所述第一主体转移。在电子票据的应用场景中，可以将转移到管理地址的操作理解为对区块链电子票据进行冻结。
在根据本公开的上述实施例中，在确定所述分布式数据满足第二条件的情况下，将所述分布式数据转移出所述管理地址。例如，在将所述区块链电子票据转移到管理地址之后，在确定所述区块链电子票据满足第二条件的情况下，所述第二主体还可以将所述区块链电子票据转移出所述管理地址。例如，所述第二主体可以利用第 二密钥对中的私钥将所述区块链电子票据转移回到所述多重签名地址。在转移到所述多重签名地址之后，作为所述区块链电子票据的所有权人的第一主体可以继续对所述区块链电子票据进行操作。电子票据的应用场景中，可以将转移出管理地址的操作理解为对区块链电子票据进行解冻。
以下，将结合区块链电子票据描述所述第二条件。例如，在将所述区块链电子票据转移到管理地址之后，所述第二主体可以对所述区块链电子票据进行进一步的判断，例如，针对异常的交易信息进行深入地审查。在确定可以继续流转所述区块链电子票据之后，第二主体可以将所述区块链电子票据转移出管理地址。此处，所述第二条件可以是所述区块链电子票据不存在异常的交易信息。换句话说，所述第一条件可以是例如监管机构判断区块链电子票据存在可疑的交易信息，即，其很可能存在异常的交易信息。在此情况下，第二主体将所述区块链电子票据转移到管理地址，进行冻结。在转移到管理地址之后，第二主体可以对可疑的交易信息进行进一步的审核，如果确定该可疑的交易信息不属于异常的交易信息，则可以所述区块链电子票据转移出管理地址，进行解冻。
此外，还可以根据具体的应用场景来确定所述第二条件。例如，所述第二条件可以是所述区块链电子票据不再满足冻结条件等，例如，对于转移到管理地址的区块链电子票据，监管机构在一段时间内，诸如48小时，仍不能确定其确实存在异常的交易信息。此时可以确定所述区块链电子票据不再满足冻结条件，第二主体可以将所述区块链电子票据转移出管理地址。需要注意的是，可以依据具体的应用场景来相应地设置所述述第一条件和第二条件，在此不作限制。
图2A示出了根据本公开实施例的创建和转移区块链电子发票的流程图，图2B示出了根据本公开实施例的区块链电子发票及其转移过程的示意图。以下将以区块链电子发票为例，结合图2A和图2B，对根据本公开实施例的方法进行进一步的描述。需要主注意的是，所述方法还可以应用于其他的应用场景，诸如应用于加密数据、交易存证等的供应链金融领域，或者应用于与人工智能相关等的领域。
首先，在步骤S201，生成对应于第一主体的第一密钥对。在步骤S202，生成对应于第二主体的第二密钥对。例如，可以为对应于第一主体的所有权人在区块链上进行注册，即将所述所有权人的包括身份信息的信息存储在所述块链式数据结构。然后，可以生成对应于所述所有权人的包括公钥和私钥的第一密钥对。所述所有权 人可以将其第一密钥对中的公钥提交给用于创建签名地址的机构，以创建签名地址。此外，还可以为对应于第二主体的监管机构在区块链上进行注册，并生成对应于所述监管机构的包括公钥和私钥的第二密钥对。
在步骤S203，可以基于所述第一密钥对中的公钥和所述第二密钥对中的公钥创建多重签名地址。在创建了多重签名地址之后，可以将所述多重签名地址通知给所述所有权人。所述多重签名地址将作为所述所有权人的账号，用于后续地收票、开票等操作。基于所述多重签名地址，所有权人和监管机构的任意一方均可以凭借其私钥转移对应于所述多重签名地址的区块链电子发票。由此可以实现，在监管机构确定区块链电子发票存在异常的交易信息的情况下，可以凭借监管机构的私钥来将所述区块链电子发票转移到管理地址。
在步骤S204，所有权人可以利用所述第一密钥对中的私钥将票据资产转移到所述多重签名地址，即实现开票操作。在步骤S205，所述所有权人可以基于所述多重签名地址，利用第一密钥对中的私钥转移所述区块链电子发票。对于转入所述多重签名地址的票据资产，第一主体和第二主体中的任意一方均可凭借其私钥对其进行转移，而无需另一方的同意。例如，作为所有权人的第一主体可以无需第二主体的同意，利用第一密钥对中的私钥转移对应于所述多重签名地址中的票据资产。
图2B中右侧示出了基于区块链技术的电子发票的示意图，即区块链电子发票。如图2B所示出的，其右侧显示有所述区块链电子发票的信息，例如可以显示有名称、地址、电话等信息，并还可以具体显示包含商品名称、规格型号、单价、金额、税率等信息的与该发票相关的内容。
图2B中左侧示出了对应于该区块链电子发票的转移信息。例如，所述发票的信息作为票据资产，其首先被创建到对应于所有权人的地址211。所述地址可以是由所有权人的公钥和监管机构的公钥共同创建的多重签名地址。所述所有权人可以将所述发票的信息转移到对应于例如消费者的地址212。该消费者可以将该区块链电子发票转移到例如企业的地址213，以用于报销。
图3示出了根据本公开实施例的管理区块链电子发票的示意性流程图，所述管理例如可以是上述监管机构将所述区块链电子发票转移到管理地址。如图3所示，在所有权人转移区块链电子发票(即，步骤S205)之前，在步骤S301中，判断区块链电子发票是否异常，即是否存在异常的交易信息。例如，监管机构或者银行等 可以对所述区块链电子发票进行审核，以确定其是否存在异常的交易信息。
在确定所述区块链电子发票不存在异常的交易信息的情况下，则所有权人执行步骤S205，即可以利用第一密钥对中的私钥转移所述区块链电子发票如图2B中所示出的，例如，所述所有权人可以利用该所有权人的私钥将所述区块链电子发票转移到对应于例如消费者的地址212。
在确定所述区块链电子发票存在异常的交易信息的情况下，可以进行步骤S302，监管机构利用第二密钥对中的私钥将所述存在异常的交易信息的区块链电子发票转移到管理地址，以冻结所述区块链电子发票，使得所述区块链电子发票的所有权人无法对其进行操作。例如，在将所述区块链电子发票转移到管理地址之后，所述所有权人无法利用该所有权人的私钥将所述区块链电子发票转移到对应于例如消费者的地址212，使得所述区块链电子发票的所有权人无法继续转移所述区块链电子发票。
在步骤S303，可以再次判断所述区块链电子发票是否异常，例如，如上所述的，监管机构可以对所述区块链电子发票进行进一步的审查，判断是否需要对所述区块链电子发票进行解冻操作。
在确定所述区块链电子发票存在异常的交易信息的情况下，即，所述区块链电子发票不符合解冻的条件，可以进行步骤S304，记录区块链电子发票的信息，以用于后续的处理操作，例如永久冻结所述区块链电子发票等。
在确定所述区块链电子发票不存在异常的交易信息的情况下，可以进行步骤S305，监管机构利用第二密钥对中的私钥将区块链电子发票转移出管理地址。例如，所述监管机构可以将所述区块链电子发票转移回到所述多重签名地址。此处，可以将转移出管理地址的操作理解为对所述区块链电子发票进行解冻。
根据本公开的另一实施例，所述分布式数据的转移标识可以是对应于所述分布式数据的智能合约，第二主体可以基于所述智能合约，将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。所述智能合约可以是用于实现双方约定遵守的条款的程序，在满足约定的执行条款时，依据所述智能合约，可以自动地执行相应的操作，诸如转账。
以区块链电子票据为例，可以创建智能合约作为区块链电子票据的转移标识。对应于第一主体的所有权人可以将票据资产转移到对应于智能合约的合约地址，生成区块链电子票据。此处，所有权人在将票据资产转移到对应于智能合约的合约地 址后，即认为其愿意遵守智能合约中约定的条款。
例如，在所述智能合约中，可以约定：在区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息的情况下，由对应于第二主体的监管机构转移所述区块链电子票据。例如，依据所述智能合约，在所述区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息的情况下，监管机构可以直接地将所述区块链电子票据转移到管理地址，以冻结所述区块链电子票据，从而实现对于区块链电子票据的监管。
又例如，在所述智能合约中，可以约定：在区块链电子票据存在异常的交易信息的情况下，由对应于第二主体的监管机构对所述区块链电子票据设置冻结标记。所述冻结标记用于冻结区块链电子票据。例如，对于具有该冻结标记的区块链电子票据，其所有权人无法对其进行转移。
本公开提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的方法，利用根据本公开的方法可以实现：对于具有转移标识的分布式数据，可以基于所述转移标识，将满足第一条件的分布式数据转移到管理地址。所述分布式数据由第一主体所有，并且由不同于所述第一主体的第二主体基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。在将分布式数据转移到管理地址之后，所述分布式数据的所有权人不能对其进行转移。其中，所述转移标识可以是多重签名地址，也可以是智能合约。通过设置所述转移标识，可以实现对于分布式数据的管理，在满足第一条件的情况下，对应于第二主体的监管机构可以直接地将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址，从而冻结所述分布式数据，使得对应于第一主体的所有权人无法继续转移所述分布式数据，直到所述监管机构将所述分布式数据转移出所述管理地址。由此，可以实现对于分布式数据的流转过程进行控制。本公开中的分布式数据可以基于区块链技术的数据，诸如区块链电子票据等，利用根据本公开的方法，可以提高对于诸如区块链电子票据的监管能力，保障所述区块链电子票据的安全性和稳定性。
根据本公开的另一方面，还提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的设备。图4示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的设备的示意性框图。
如图4所示，所述用于处理分布式数据的设备1000可以包括获取单元1010和转移单元1020。根据本公开的一些实施例，所述获取单元1010可以配置用于获取具有转移标识的分布式数据，所述分布式数据由第一主体所有。所述转移单元1020可以配置用于在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，基于所述转移标识将所述 分布式数据转移到管理地址，其中，所述转移到管理地址的区块链电子数据不能由所述第二主体转移。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述分布式数据的转移标识是基于对应于第一主体的第一密钥对和对应于第二主体的第二密钥对创建的多重签名地址，其中，所述多重签名地址是基于所述第一密钥对中的公钥和所述第二密钥对中的公钥创建的。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述转移单元1020可以基于所述多重签名地址，利用所述第二密钥对中的私钥将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一条件是所述分布式数据的交易信息异常。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述分布式数据的转移标识是对应于所述分布式数据的智能合约，所述转移单元1020可以基于所述智能合约，将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述转移单元1020还配置用于在确定所述分布式数据满足第二条件的情况下，将所述分布式数据转移出所述管理地址。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述分布式数据由第一主体所有，并且，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转移。
根据本公开的又一方面，还提供了一种用于处理分布式数据的装置。图5示出了根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的装置2000的示意图。
如图5所示，所述装置2000可以包括一个或多个处理器2010，和一个或多个存储器2020。其中，所述存储器2020中存储有计算机可读代码，所述计算机可读代码当由所述一个或多个处理器2010运行时，可以执行如上所述的用于处理分布式数据的方法。
根据本公开实施例的方法或装置也可以借助于图6所示的计算设备3000的架构来实现。如图6所示，计算设备3000可以包括总线3010、一个或多个CPU3020、只读存储器(ROM)3030、随机存取存储器(RAM)3040、连接到网络的通信端口3050、输入/输出组件3060、硬盘3070等。计算设备3000中的存储设备，例如ROM3030或硬盘3070可以存储本公开提供的用于处理分布式数据的方法的处理和/或通信使用的各种数据或文件以及CPU所执行的程序指令。计算设备3000还可以包括用户界面3080。当然，图6所示的架构只是示例性的，在实现不同的设备时，根据实际需要，可以省略图6示出的计算设备中的一个或多个组件。
根据本公开的又一方面，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质。图7示出了根据本公开的存储介质的示意图4000。
如图7所示，所述计算机存储介质4020上存储有计算机可读指令4010。当所述计算机可读指令4010由处理器运行时，可以执行参照以上附图描述的根据本公开实施例的用于处理分布式数据的方法。所述计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于例如易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。所述易失性存储器例如可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或高速缓冲存储器(cache)等。所述非易失性存储器例如可以包括只读存储器(ROM)、硬盘、闪存等。
本领域技术人员能够理解，本公开所披露的内容可以出现多种变型和改进。例如，以上所描述的各种设备或组件可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过软件、固件、或者三者中的一些或全部的组合实现。
此外，虽然本公开对根据本公开的实施例的系统中的某些单元做出了各种引用，然而，任何数量的不同单元可以被使用并运行在客户端和/或服务器上。所述单元仅是说明性的，并且所述系统和方法的不同方面可以使用不同单元。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分的步骤可通过程序来指令相关硬件完成，所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中，如只读存储器、磁盘或光盘等。可选地，上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用一个或多个集成电路来实现。相应地，上述实施例中的各模块/单元可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。本公开并不限制于任何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
除非另有定义，这里使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员共同理解的相同含义。还应当理解，诸如在通常字典里定义的那些术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应用理想化或极度形式化的意义来解释，除非这里明确地这样定义。
以上是对本公开的说明，而不应被认为是对其的限制。尽管描述了本公开的若干示例性实施例，但本领域技术人员将容易地理解，在不背离本公开的新颖教学和优点的前提下可以对示例性实施例进行许多修改。因此，所有这些修改都意图包含在权利要求书所限定的本公开范围内。应当理解，上面是对本公开的说明，而不应被认为是限于所公开的特定实施例，并且对所公开的实施例以及其他实施例的修改意图包含在所附权利要求书的范围内。本公开由权利要求书及其等效物限定。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种用于处理分布式数据的方法，由一计算设备执行，包括：
    获取具有转移标识的分布式数据，所述分布式数据由第一主体所有；以及
    在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，由不同于所述第一主体的第二主体基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址，
    其中，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转移。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述分布式数据的转移标识是基于对应于第一主体的第一密钥对和对应于第二主体的第二密钥对创建的多重签名地址。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述多重签名地址是基于所述第一密钥对中的公钥和所述第二密钥对中的公钥创建的。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址包括：
    基于所述多重签名地址，利用所述第二密钥对中的私钥将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一条件是所述分布式数据的交易信息异常。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述分布式数据的转移标识是对应于所述分布式数据的智能合约。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址包括：
    基于所述智能合约，将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    在确定所述分布式数据满足第二条件的情况下，将所述分布式数据转移出所述管理地址。
  9. 一种用于处理分布式数据的设备，包括：
    获取单元，配置用于获取具有转移标识的分布式数据，所述分布式数据由不同于所述设备的第一主体所有；以及
    转移单元，配置用于在所述分布式数据满足第一条件的情况下，基于所述转移标识将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址，
    其中，所述转移到管理地址的分布式数据不能由所述第一主体转移。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的设备，其中，所述分布式数据的转移标识是基于对应于第一主体的第一密钥对和对应于第二主体的第二密钥对创建的多重签名地址，其中，
    所述多重签名地址是基于所述第一密钥对中的公钥和所述第二密钥对中的公钥创建的，所述转移单元基于所述多重签名地址，利用所述第二密钥对中的私钥将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的设备，其中，所述分布式数据的转移标识是对应于所述分布式数据的智能合约，所述转移单元基于所述智能合约，将所述分布式数据转移到管理地址。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的设备，所述转移单元还配置用于在确定所述分布式数据满足第二条件的情况下，将所述分布式数据转移出所述管理地址。
  13. 一种用于处理分布式数据的装置，包括：
    一个或多个处理器；和
    一个或多个存储器，其中，所述存储器中存储有计算机可读代码，所述计算机可读代码当由所述一个或多个处理器运行时，执行如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的用于处理分布式数据的方法。
  14. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有指令，所述指令在被处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的用于处理分布式数据的方法。
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