WO2020215606A1 - 一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极 - Google Patents

一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极 Download PDF

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WO2020215606A1
WO2020215606A1 PCT/CN2019/107425 CN2019107425W WO2020215606A1 WO 2020215606 A1 WO2020215606 A1 WO 2020215606A1 CN 2019107425 W CN2019107425 W CN 2019107425W WO 2020215606 A1 WO2020215606 A1 WO 2020215606A1
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cathode
inner cavity
connecting rod
link
blisk
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PCT/CN2019/107425
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙伦业
陈浩
王晖
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安徽理工大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
    • B23H9/10—Working turbine blades or nozzles

Definitions

  • the patent of the invention relates to a structure design of a cathode device for electrochemical machining of a variable cross-section and large twisted integral blisk blade, which belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining of the integral blisk.
  • Aerospace technology has now become one of the important indicators for measuring a country’s scientific and technological level and comprehensive national strength.
  • the overall blisk has become the key to the development of aero-engines with its efficient and high-quality manufacturing methods. technology.
  • the material of the blisk is constantly transitioning to the direction of high strength, high hardness, and high temperature resistance such as titanium alloy, making the processing of the blisk a major problem in the manufacturing industry.
  • electrochemical machining has the characteristics of high processing efficiency, no loss of tools, unaffected by the mechanical properties of materials, and no residual stress. With its unique advantages, electrochemical machining has become the key processing method for blisks. one.
  • the uniform cross-section integral blisk blade can be processed by the method of electrochemical machining of the nesting material.
  • the processing method adopts the annular tool cathode, which has a simple structure and high processing efficiency.
  • the cascade channel is pre-processed by the method of radial molding electrochemical machining.
  • the commonly used processing methods for the electrochemical machining of the integral blisk such as Zhu Di et al.'s Chinese Patent No.
  • the three machining methods of nesting electrochemical machining, radial forming electrochemical machining and numerical control generating electrochemical machining have their own characteristics, but they also have their limitations.
  • the electrochemical machining of nesting materials can only process blisk blades of equal cross-section; the radial forming electrochemical machining belongs to the pre-processing of the cascade channel, and the movement mode of the cathode is a single radial feed or spiral feed.
  • the integral blisk will cause uneven distribution of the blade finishing allowance, or even unable to process the problem; the movement track of the cathode of the CNC generating electrochemical machining tool is a straight-grained developable surface, which cannot process the blisk blades with complex and twisted surfaces.
  • Aiming at the problem that the existing electrochemical machining technology is difficult to process the large-distorted and variable cross-section integral blisk, it is imperative to study a new electrochemical machining cathode device and method.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a variable tool cathode for electrochemical machining of a large-twisted blade integral blisk.
  • the present invention achieves the purpose of the invention by adopting the following technical solutions: import the three-dimensional model of the integral blisk in the CAD software, use the parallel cutting method to cut the blades at equal distances and extract the contour lines of each section; select the maximum section contour line at the bottom of the blade and perform After the offset stretching process, the entity is obtained, which is divided into several connecting rods according to its structural characteristics, and some of the connecting rods can be contracted. After assembling the above connecting rods, perform a motion simulation, set the motion mode and step length of each connecting rod according to the outer contour of the target blade, and leave a machining allowance. The movement trajectory of the inner cavity of the cathode connecting rod is the outer contour of the blade profile, and finally extracted The trajectory of the connection of each link.
  • the present invention aims at the problem that it is difficult to process large-distorted and variable-section integral blisk blades with traditional nesting electrochemical machining, radial forming electrochemical machining, and numerical control generating electrochemical machining.
  • Cavity variable tool cathode The cathode structure can change the shape of the cathode cavity during the machining process, so that the processed blade profile is as close to the target blade profile as possible, which can effectively reduce the reserved leveling allowance and make the remaining The amount distribution is more even.
  • the internal cavity variable tool cathode of the electrochemical processing large twisted blade integral blisk consists of a cathode fixture, a cathode casing, and a cathode connecting rod; the upper part of the cathode fixture is connected to the fixture drive shaft, and the fixture drive shaft and the cathode
  • the clamps are connected in rotation; both sides of the cathode clamp are provided with electrolyte inlets and a rotatable base slot; the rotatable base slot is provided with a number of rotatable bases, and an electric push rod is installed on the rotatable base;
  • the probe at the front end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the connection of each cathode connecting rod.
  • Both sides of the bottom of the cathode fixture are provided with a cathode support seat.
  • the upper part of the cathode support seat is a cathode housing, and the cathode housing is fixedly connected to the cathode support seat; the cathode housing is composed of a cathode cover plate and a cathode bottom plate, and the cathode bottom plate
  • the bottom surface is a curved surface.
  • the cathode cover plate is provided with a sliding plate sliding groove, the sliding plate sliding groove is a sliding path of the rotating sliding plate, and the rotating sliding plate is connected to the cathode cover plate by a pin; the cathode bottom plate is fixed with the first contraction Connecting rod, and the first shrinking link is connected to the first shrinking link; the first shrinking link, the first shrinking link, the second shrinking link, the second shrinking link, and the third shrinking link, The third retracted link and each link are connected end to end in sequence.
  • the several cathode connecting rods are connected end to end in sequence, and the connecting rods can be rotated relative to each other to form a required blade cross-sectional profile; the first contracted link, the second contracted link, and the third contracted link can be contracted separately Into the first contraction link, the second contraction link, and the third contraction link.
  • the plurality of cathode connecting rods are all designed as an integrated structure with a linkage piece on the outside.
  • the outside linkage piece of the connecting rod and the cathode bottom plate can ensure the complete removal of the cascade channel material during the processing. Dislocation up and down distribution.
  • the bottom surface of the cathode bottom plate, the inner cavity surface of the plurality of cathode connecting rods, and the bottom surface of the linkage piece outside the connecting rods are simultaneously processed as processing surfaces.
  • One end of the rotating sliding plate is connected to the cathode cover plate through a pin, and the other end is placed in the sliding plate sliding groove.
  • the rotating sliding plate can rotate around the pin and shrink into the sliding plate sliding groove of the cathode cover plate.
  • the inner cavity of the cathode cover plate is equipped with four electrolyte spray heads, and the electrolyte flows into the cathode cover plate from the electrolyte inlet through the cathode support seat.
  • the cathode cover plate is provided with electrolyte flow channels, and the electrolyte is supplied to the cathode cover through the flow channels.
  • the electrolyte is sprayed from the nozzles and flows through the inner cavity processing surface to the processing bottom surface, and finally flows out from both sides of the blade.
  • the cathode fixture, the cathode casing and the cathode connecting rods are fixedly connected to each other and rotate and feed synchronously.
  • the present invention proposes an internal cavity variable tool cathode for electrochemically machining a large twisted blade integral blisk.
  • the cathode structure can change the shape of the cathode cavity during the machining process, so that the processed blade shape
  • the surface is as close to the target blade profile as possible, which can effectively reduce the reserved leveling allowance and make the allowance distribution more even.
  • the rotating drive shaft drives the tool cathode to synchronously rotate and feed, and the shape of the cathode cavity gradually changes while feeding;
  • the cathode structure can be used to directly process a single variable cross-section twisted blisk blade in the above-mentioned motion mode.
  • the profile is formed at one time, and the machining allowance is evenly distributed, and the machining efficiency is high.
  • the tool cathode After finishing the single blade profile processing, the tool cathode retreats according to the feed path, and the cathode returns to the initial position; after the overall blisk is indexed, when the cathode processes the next blade in the same motion, no secondary erosion will occur to the processed blade .
  • the invention provides a method for electrolytic machining of an integrated blisk with a wide range of applications; for different integrated blisk models, the cathode structure is designed according to the blade profile, and the cathode connecting rod contraction mode and the tool cathode feeding route are set through the motion simulation.
  • the cathode connecting rod The movement trajectory fits the blade profile.
  • the electrolyte flows into the cathode cover plate from the electrolyte inlet through the cathode support base.
  • the electrolyte flow channel is opened in the cathode cover plate.
  • the electrolyte is supplied to the four electrolyte nozzles through the flow channels, and the electrolyte is sprayed by the nozzles. After exiting, it flows from the inner cavity processing surface to the processing bottom surface, and finally flows out from both sides of the blade.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of electrochemical machining of blisk blades
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tool cathode
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top sectional view of electrochemical machining of blisk blades
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cathode housing and the internal connecting rod
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cathode connecting rod structure
  • FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of the cathode connecting rod driven by the electric push rod
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the contraction structure of the cathode connecting rod
  • cathode clamp 1 cathode housing 2
  • cathode connecting rod 3 electric push rod 4
  • clamp drive shaft 5 integral blisk 6, rotating slide 7, slide slide 8, pin 9, electrolyte nozzle 10
  • the electrolyte inlet 11 the rotatable base tank 12, the rotatable base 13, the cathode support base 14, the cathode cover 21, the cathode bottom plate 22, the first shrink link 31, the first shrink link 32, the second shrink link
  • the internal cavity variable tool cathode for electrochemical machining of a large twisted blade integral blisk includes a cathode fixture 1, a cathode housing 2, a cathode connecting rod 3, and an electric push rod 4.
  • the cathode housing 2 is composed of a cathode cover 21 and a ca
  • the machine tool drives the cathode fixture 1 to rotate and feed through the fixture drive shaft 5, While feeding, the rotatable base 13 and the electric push rod 4 realize the change of the inner cavity shape of the cathode connecting rod 3 by controlling the motion of the probe 41.
  • the motion trajectory of the probe 41 is a motion simulation of the motion trajectory of each connecting rod connection, and a single blade is processed
  • the cathode returns to the initial position, and the integral blisk 6 rotates to a certain angle to process the next blade in the same steps; the device can directly process a single variable cross-section twisted blade profile with the above-mentioned movement method, and can effectively reduce the pre-processing.
  • the remaining leveling margin makes the margin distribution more even.
  • the internal cavity variable tool cathode for the electrochemical machining of a large twisted blade integral blisk according to the present invention.
  • the internal cavity of the cathode cover 21 is equipped with four electrolyte nozzles 10.
  • the electrolyte flows into the cathode cover 21 from the electrolyte inlet 11 through the cathode support base 14.
  • the cathode cover 21 has electrolyte flow channels, and the electrolyte is supplied to the four electrolyte nozzles 10 through the flow channels. After being ejected from the nozzle, it flows from the inner cavity processing surface to the processing bottom surface, and finally flows out from both sides of the blade.
  • an inner cavity variable tool cathode for electrochemical machining of a large twisted blade integral blisk one end of the rotating slide 7 is connected to the cathode cover 21 through a pin 9, and the other One end is placed in the sliding plate chute 8.
  • the rotating sliding plate 7 can rotate around the pin 9 and shrink into the sliding plate chute 8 of the cathode cover 21; the movement device can effectively solve the problem of the large opening angle of the cascade channel The problem of insufficient processing at the top of the channel and over-cutting at the bottom.
  • the inner cavity variable tool cathode of the electrochemically machined large-twisted blade integral blisk is fixed, and the first shrinkage connecting rod 31 is fixed on the cathode base plate 22, and the first shrinkage
  • the connecting rod 31 is connected to the first contracted link 32; the first contracted link 31, the first contracted link 32, the second contracted link 33, the second contracted link 34, and the third contracted link 36,
  • the third contracted connecting rod 35 and the connecting rods are connected end to end in turn; during processing, the rotatable base 13 and the electric push rod 4 drive the cathode connecting rod 3 to move according to the simulated trajectory through the control probe 41 to realize the shape of the inner cavity of the cathode connecting rod 3 Continuously changing to process variable cross-section blisk blades.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，该阴极结构是由若干连杆组合成叶片底部截面形状，部分段设有可伸缩连杆（31,32,33,34,35,36），并将其安装在阴极外壳（2）内，阴极外壳（2）固定在阴极夹具（1）上；阴极夹具两侧均设有若干可旋转底座（13），底座上安装着电动推杆（4），电动推杆（4）末端的探头（41）置于各阴极连杆的连接处。加工时，夹具驱动轴带动阴极夹具、阴极外壳及内部阴极连杆同步旋转进给，进给的同时电动推杆带动阴极连杆运动实现阴极内腔形状的变化。解决了传统的套料电解加工、径向成型电解加工和数控展成电解加工难以加工大扭曲变截面整体叶盘叶片的问题，具有使得加工出的叶片型面最大程度接近目标叶片型面，有效减少预留的整平余量的技术效果。

Description

一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极 技术领域
本发明专利涉及到一种变截面大扭曲整体叶盘叶片电解加工的阴极装置结构设计，属于整体叶盘电解加工技术领域。
背景技术
航空航天技术现已成为衡量一个国家的科学技术水平和综合国力的重要指标之一，整体叶盘作为航空发动机中的核心部件，其高效、高质量的制造方法也已成为航空发动机研制的关键性技术。随着航空发动机推重的不断提高，整体叶盘的材料也不断向着钛合金等高强度、高硬度、耐高温的方向过渡，使得整体叶盘的加工成为制造业中的一大难题。电解加工与传统的数控铣削加工相比具有加工效率高、不损耗工具、不受材料力学性能影响、不产生任何残余应力等特点，凭借其独特的优势使得电解加工成为整体叶盘的关键加工方法之一。
随着我国航空事业的发展，国家对航空发动机的研制工作的重视程度不断增加，近年来多家研究机构针对整体叶盘的电解加工工艺方法从不同角度展开研究，并取得了一定的成就。比如利用套料电解加工的方法可加工出等截面整体叶盘叶片，该加工方法采用环形工具阴极，结构简单且加工效率较高；利用径向成型电解加工的方法预加工出叶栅通道，为目前整体叶盘电解加工常用的加工方法，如2010年7月21日公告的朱荻等人的中国专利第200910025834.7号提出多电极螺旋进给整体叶轮叶间流道电解加工方法，采用多个置于同一平面，且安装在电解加工夹具上的工具阴极同时加工整体叶盘的叶栅通道，极大的提高了加工的效率；利用直线刃工具阴极，结合数控机床控制直线刃加工直纹可展叶盘叶片，该加工方法柔性大，适用于直纹可展叶片型面。
套料电解加工、径向成型电解加工和数控展成电解加工三种加工方法 各有特点，但也都有其局限性。套料电解加工只可以加工出等截面的叶盘叶片；径向成型电解加工属于叶栅通道预加工，阴极的运动方式为单一的径向进给或螺旋进给，对于叶片扭曲程度较大的整体叶盘，会产生叶片精加工余量分布不均，甚至无法加工的问题；数控展成电解加工工具阴极的运动轨迹为直纹可展面，无法加工扭曲复杂型面的叶盘叶片。针对现有电解加工技术难以加工大扭曲变截面整体叶盘的问题，研究一种新的电解加工阴极装置和方法势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题而提供的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极。
本发明实现发明目的采用如下技术方案：在CAD软件中导入整体叶盘的三维模型，采用平行切割法对叶片进行等距切割并提取各截面轮廓线；选取叶片底部最大截面轮廓线，对其进行偏置拉伸处理后得到实体，根据其结构特点分成若干连杆，其中部分连杆可收缩。将上述连杆装配后进行运动仿真，根据目标叶片外部轮廓设置各连杆运动方式与步长，并留有加工余量，阴极连杆内腔的运动轨迹为叶片型面的外部轮廓，最后提取各连杆连接处的运动轨迹。
本发明针对传统的套料电解加工、径向成型电解加工以及数控展成电解加工等方法难以加工大扭曲变截面整体叶盘叶片的问题，提出了一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，该阴极结构在加工过程中可实现阴极内腔形状的变化，使得加工出的叶片型面最大程度接近目标叶片型面，可以有效减少预留的整平余量，使余量分布更加均匀。
本发明所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极由阴极夹具、阴极外壳、阴极连杆组成；所述阴极夹具上部连接夹具驱动轴，且夹具驱动轴与阴极夹具转动相连；所述阴极夹具两侧均设有电解液入口和可旋转底座槽；所述可旋转底座槽内设有若干可旋转底座，且可旋转 底座上安装着电动推杆；所述电动推杆前端的探头固定连接在各阴极连杆的连接处。
所述阴极夹具底部两侧均设有阴极支撑座，阴极支撑座上部为阴极外壳，且阴极外壳与阴极支撑座固定连接；所述阴极外壳由阴极盖板、阴极底板构成，且所述阴极底板底面为弧形曲面。
所述阴极盖板内开有滑片滑槽，滑片滑槽为转动滑片的滑道，且所述转动滑片通过销连接在阴极盖板上；所述阴极底板上固定着第一收缩连杆，且第一收缩连杆与第一被收缩连杆相连；第一收缩连杆，第一被收缩连杆，第二收缩连杆，第二被收缩连杆，第三收缩连杆，第三被收缩连杆以及各连杆首尾依次相连。
所述若干阴极连杆首尾依次相连，连杆之间可以相对转动，形成所需叶片截面轮廓；所述第一被收缩连杆、第二被收缩连杆、第三被收缩连杆可分别收缩进第一收缩连杆、第二收缩连杆、第三收缩连杆内。
所述若干阴极连杆均设计成外侧具有联动片的一体结构，连杆外侧联动片与阴极底板在加工过程中可保证叶栅通道材料的完全去除，各相邻连杆外侧联动片之间呈上下错位分布。
所述阴极底板与若干阴极连杆的底面、内腔面以及连杆外侧联动片的底面同时作为加工面参与加工。
所述转动滑片一端通过销连接在阴极盖板上，另一端置于滑片滑槽内，转动滑片可绕销转动收缩进阴极盖板的滑片滑槽内。
所述阴极盖板内腔装有四个电解液喷头，电解液从电解液入口经阴极支撑座流入阴极盖板，阴极盖板内开有电解液流道，电解液经流道被分别供应到四个电解液喷头处，电解液由喷头喷出后经内腔加工面流向加工底面，最后从叶片两侧流出。
加工过程中，所述阴极夹具、阴极外壳和各阴极连杆之间固定连接，同步旋转进给。
本发明有益效果在于：本发明提出了一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，该阴极结构在加工过程中可实现阴极内腔形状的变化，使得加工出的叶片型面最大程度接近目标叶片型面，可以有效减少预留的整平余量，使余量分布更加均匀。
本发明在加工过程中，旋转驱动轴带动工具阴极同步旋转进给，进给的同时阴极内腔形状逐渐变化；采用该阴极结构以上述运动方式可直接加工出单个变截面扭曲叶盘叶片，叶片型面一次成型，且加工余量分布均匀，加工效率高。
完成单个叶片型面加工后，工具阴极按照进刀路线退刀，阴极退回初始位置；整体叶盘分度后阴极以同样运动方式加工下一叶片时，不会对已加工叶片产生二次蚀除。
加工时，随着旋转驱动轴带动工具阴极同步旋转进给，转动滑片逐渐收缩进阴极外壳内，该运动装置能有效解决由于叶栅通道张口角度较大而导致的通道顶部加工不足，底部加工过切的问题。
本发明提供了一种适应范围广的整体叶盘电解加工方法；针对不同整体叶盘模型，根据叶片轮廓设计阴极结构，通过运动仿真设置阴极连杆收缩方式及工具阴极进刀路线，阴极连杆运动轨迹贴合于叶片型面。
加工时，电解液从电解液入口经阴极支撑座流入阴极盖板，阴极盖板内开有电解液流道，电解液经流道被分别供应到四个电解液喷头处，电解液由喷头喷出后经内腔加工面流向加工底面，最后从叶片两侧流出。
附图说明
图1是整体叶盘叶片电解加工示意图；
图2是工具阴极整体结构示意图；
图3是整体叶盘叶片电解加工俯视剖面示意图；
图4是阴极外壳及内部连杆示意图；
图5是阴极连杆结构示意图；
图6电动推杆带动阴极连杆示意图；
图7是阴极连杆收缩结构示意图；
图中标号：阴极夹具1、阴极外壳2、阴极连杆3、电动推杆4、夹具驱动轴5、整体叶盘6、转动滑片7、滑片滑槽8、销9、电解液喷头10、电解液入口11、可旋转底座槽12、可旋转底座13、阴极支撑座14、阴极盖板21、阴极底板22、第一收缩连杆31、第一被收缩连杆32、第二收缩连杆33、第二被收缩连杆34、第三收被缩连杆35、第三收缩连杆36、联动片37、探头41、已加工叶盘叶片61。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的技术手段、实施方案、达成目的与有益效果易于了解，下面将结合附图，给出进一步的阐述。
如图1—7所示，本发明所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，其装置包括阴极夹具1、阴极外壳2、阴极连杆3、电动推杆4、夹具驱动轴5、整体叶盘6等；所述夹具驱动轴5一端固定安装在机床上，另一端与阴极夹具1转动相连；所述阴极夹具1两侧均设有电解液入口11和可旋转底座槽12；所述可旋转底座槽12内设有若干可旋转底座13，且可旋转底座13内置电机；所述可旋转底座13上装有电动推杆4，电动推杆4前端的探头41固定连接在各阴极连杆3的连接处；所述阴极夹具1底部两侧均设有阴极支撑座14，阴极支撑座14上部为阴极外壳2，且阴极外壳2与阴极支撑座14固定连接；所述阴极外壳2由阴极盖板21、阴极底板22构成；加工时，被加工叶盘与电源正极相连，阴极结构与电源负极相连，机床通过夹具驱动轴5带动阴极夹具1旋转进给，进给的同时可旋转底座13与电动推杆4通过控制探头41的运动实现阴极连杆3内腔形状的变化，探头41的运动轨迹为运动仿真各连杆连接处的运动轨迹，单个叶片加工完成后，阴极退回初始位置，整体叶盘6旋转一定角度后以同样的步骤加工下一个叶片；通过该装置以上述运动方式既能直接加工出单 个变截面扭曲叶片型面，又可以有效减少预留的整平余量，使余量分布更加均匀。
如图1—7所示，本发明所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，所述阴极盖板21内腔装有四个电解液喷头10，加工时，电解液从电解液入口11经阴极支撑座14流入阴极盖板21，阴极盖板21内开有电解液流道，电解液经流道被分别供应到四个电解液喷头10处，电解液由喷头喷出后经内腔加工面流向加工底面，最后从叶片两侧流出。
如图1—7所示，本发明所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，所述转动滑片7一端通过销9连接在阴极盖板21上，另一端置于滑片滑槽8内，转动滑片7可绕销9转动收缩进阴极盖板21的滑片滑槽8内；通过该运动装置能有效解决由于叶栅通道张口角度较大而导致的通道顶部加工不足，底部加工过切的问题。
如图1—7所示，本发明所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，所述阴极底板22上固定着第一收缩连杆31，且第一收缩连杆31与第一被收缩连杆32相连；第一收缩连杆31，第一被收缩连杆32，第二收缩连杆33，第二被收缩连杆34，第三收缩连杆36，第三被收缩连杆35以及各连杆首尾依次相连；加工时，可旋转底座13及电动推杆4通过控制探头41带动阴极连杆3按照仿真轨迹运动，实现阴极连杆3内腔形状的不断变化以加工出变截面整体叶盘叶片。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，该阴极结构主要应用于整体叶盘电解加工领域，其特征如下：
    一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极由阴极夹具(1)、阴极外壳(2)、阴极连杆(3)组成；
    所述阴极夹具(1)上部连接夹具驱动轴(5)，且夹具驱动轴(5)与阴极夹具(1)转动相连；所述阴极夹具(1)两侧均设有电解液入口(11)和可旋转底座槽(12)；所述可旋转底座槽(12)内设有若干可旋转底座(13)，且可旋转底座(13)上安装着电动推杆(4)；所述电动推杆(4)前端的探头(41)固定连接在各阴极连杆(3)的连接处；
    所述阴极夹具(1)底部两侧均设有阴极支撑座(14)，阴极支撑座(14)上部为阴极外壳(2)，且阴极外壳(2)与阴极支撑座(14)固定连接；所述阴极外壳(2)由阴极盖板(21)、阴极底板(22)构成，且所述阴极底板(22)底面为弧形曲面；
    所述阴极盖板(21)内开有滑片滑槽(8)，滑片滑槽(8)为转动滑片(7)的滑道，且所述转动滑片(7)通过销(9)连接在阴极盖板(21)上；所述阴极底板(22)上固定着第一收缩连杆(31)，且第一收缩连杆(31)与第一被收缩连杆(32)相连；第一收缩连杆(31)，第一被收缩连杆(32)，第二收缩连杆(33)，第二被收缩连杆(34)，第三收缩连杆(36)，第三被收缩连杆(35)以及各连杆首尾依次相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极其特征在于：所述若干阴极连杆(3)首尾依次相连，连杆之间可以相对转动，形成所需叶片截面轮廓；所述第一被收缩连杆(32)、第二被收缩连杆(34)、第三被收缩连杆(35)可分别收缩进第一收缩连杆(31)、第二收缩连杆(33)、第三收缩连杆(36)内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，其特征在于：所述若干阴极连杆(3)均设计成外侧具有联动片 (37)的一体结构，连杆外侧联动片(37)与阴极底板(22)在加工过程中可保证叶栅通道材料的完全去除，各相邻连杆外侧联动片(37)之间呈上下错位分布。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，其特征在于：所述阴极底板(22)与若干阴极连杆(3)的底面、内腔面以及连杆外侧联动片(37)的底面同时作为加工面参与加工。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，其特征在于：所述转动滑片(7)一端通过销(9)连接在阴极盖板(21)上，另一端置于滑片滑槽(8)内，转动滑片(7)可绕销(9)转动收缩进阴极盖板(21)的滑片滑槽(8)内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，其特征在于：所述阴极盖板(21)内腔装有四个电解液喷头(10)，电解液从电解液入口(11)经阴极支撑座(14)流入阴极盖板(21)，阴极盖板(21)内开有电解液流道，电解液经流道被分别供应到四个电解液喷头(10)处，电解液由喷头喷出后经内腔加工面流向加工底面，最后从叶片两侧流出。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电解加工大扭曲叶片整体叶盘的内腔可变工具阴极，其特征在于：加工过程中，所述阴极夹具(1)、阴极外壳(2)和各阴极连杆(3)之间固定连接，同步旋转进给。
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