WO2020211883A1 - 一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构 - Google Patents

一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020211883A1
WO2020211883A1 PCT/CN2020/095156 CN2020095156W WO2020211883A1 WO 2020211883 A1 WO2020211883 A1 WO 2020211883A1 CN 2020095156 W CN2020095156 W CN 2020095156W WO 2020211883 A1 WO2020211883 A1 WO 2020211883A1
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Prior art keywords
pawl
shaft
section
ratchet wheel
slider
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PCT/CN2020/095156
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张树有
付梦宇
王自立
伊国栋
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to US17/442,626 priority Critical patent/US11364529B2/en
Publication of WO2020211883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020211883A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D9/00—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like
    • B21D9/01—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like the mandrel being flexible and engaging the entire tube length
    • B21D9/03—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like the mandrel being flexible and engaging the entire tube length and built-up from loose elements, e.g. series of balls

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of prevention of wrinkling and cross-section flattening distortion defects in the bending of circular cross-section tubes, and particularly relates to a slider-type cross-section full-supporting mandrel structure with a ratchet wheel preventing rotation and reducing diameter.
  • the round cross-section elbow has the characteristics of hollow cross-section, light weight, low consumption and high efficiency, and is widely used in aerospace, ship and automobile industries.
  • the forming process of complex elbows (such as thin wall, large diameter, large bending angle, etc.) often has defects such as wrinkling, flattened cross-section distortion, etc. Inserting a mandrel into the tube to be bent can effectively reduce the wrinkling during the forming process of the elbow And the cross-section flattening distortion, so the study of the structure and performance of the mandrel is of great significance to improve the quality and efficiency of pipe bending.
  • the mandrels currently used in production include rigid mandrels and flexible mandrels.
  • the overall structure of the rigid mandrel is almost rigid and has no movement pairs. It is generally composed of a straight shank part and an arc-shaped end contacting the curved part.
  • the structural limitation makes the length of the curved part not too large and the support provided is limited.
  • the flexible mandrel has a flexible bending support part, which is generally composed of a straight shank and a single to multiple mandrel joints. The energy-saving mandrel is bent together with the tube and then taken out to provide better bending parts that are prone to defects. Internal support.
  • the existing mandrels mainly have the following shortcomings: (1) The radial size of the mandrel used in actual production is fixed. If pipe fittings of different diameters need to be bent, a mandrel of the corresponding size is required, resulting in the production cost and mandrel of the bent pipe. The storage cost is high. (2) In response to the problems mentioned in (1), many people have proposed schemes to realize the diameter reduction of the mandrel. These schemes generally have two problems.
  • a hinge with only one degree of freedom will limit the direction of use of the mandrel, resulting in uneven wear of the mandrel and shortening the service life; the assembly and It is difficult to disassemble, and it is extremely inconvenient to add or reduce the articulation according to the changing bending parameters.
  • the present invention discloses a slider-type cross-section full-supporting mandrel structure with a ratchet wheel anti-rotating and reducing diameter, which realizes the rapid adjustment of the diameter of the multi-section flexible mandrel and helps to reduce the bending pipe (using The processing cost of the round section tube of the mandrel improves the processing efficiency.
  • the invention includes a straight shank and a single or multiple mandrel joints.
  • the straight shank and the mandrel joint and between two adjacent mandrel joints are all connected by a quick release universal joint;
  • the inside of the mandrel joint is Shafting structure, including rotating shaft, bearing, ratchet device, connecting rod mounting plate and slider components,
  • ratchet device is mainly composed of pawl mounting frame, pawl sliding shaft, ratchet, reverse ratchet, pawl and reverse pawl ;
  • the rotating shaft is mainly composed of the front axle section, the middle axle section and the rear axle section connected in turn.
  • the middle axle section is a regular hexagonal section, and the front axle section and the rear axle section are circular sections.
  • a shaft shoulder is machined at the transition between the front shaft section and the middle shaft section, and the shaft shoulder is used as one end of the rotating shaft for axial positioning.
  • the middle shaft section is sequentially fitted with connecting rods whose central holes are regular hexagonal holes that match the middle shaft section.
  • Disc, ratchet and reverse ratchet; the outer diameter of the rear axle section is smaller than the outer diameter of the middle axle section, and the rear axle section is fitted with a bearing and a limit clamp ring in turn.
  • the limit clamp ring serves as the axial positioning of the other end of the shaft, and the bearing is in the reverse direction
  • the outer ring of the bearing is equipped with a pawl mounting frame, and the outer surface of the pawl mounting frame is evenly distributed with multiple bumps in the circumferential direction.
  • Each of the bumps has mounting holes near the outer end, and one of the bumps has a quadrilateral hole near the end of the shaft;
  • the connecting rod mounting plate has multiple through holes evenly distributed along the outer edge of the mounting plate.
  • Arc-shaped sliding grooves arranged coaxially with the outer edge of the connecting rod mounting plate are opened on the upper part, and the arc-shaped sliding grooves are located between the through hole and the ratchet.
  • a pawl sliding shaft passes through the arc-shaped sliding groove, and the other end passes through the quadrilateral hole of one of the protrusions of the pawl mounting frame.
  • the pawl sliding shaft can move back and forth along the central axis of the quadrilateral hole. Both ends of the pawl sliding shaft The ends are equipped with flanges to prevent the pawl sliding shaft from coming out of the arc-shaped chute or quadrilateral hole during the sliding process, and the pawl sliding shaft located between the connecting rod mounting plate and the pawl mounting frame is sleeved and fixed
  • a pawl assembly which is composed of a pawl and a reverse pawl connection.
  • the slider component is composed of two layers of arc blocks Composed of a Z-shaped structure, one end of the short link and the long link are respectively hinged with the inner wall of the arc block to form a coaxial rotating pair, and the other end of the short link and the long link are respectively installed with the bump on the pawl mounting frame
  • the hole is hinged to the through hole of the connecting rod mounting plate; one of the two layers of arc blocks is provided with a positioning pin hole along the central axis of the rotating shaft, the positioning pin hole is interference-installed with a slider positioning pin, and the other two layers of arc blocks
  • One layer is provided with slider positioning pin slide grooves that are installed in conjunction with the slider positioning pins in the adjacent slider components, and the positioning pins of the first layer of the slider component are inserted into the slider positioning pin slide grooves of different layers of the adjacent slider components.
  • Quick release universal joints are mainly composed of fixed joints and quick release joints hinged by universal joints.
  • the fixed joints and quick release joints at both ends of the quick release universal joints have central blind holes for installing the shaft or straight of the mandrel joint.
  • the connecting shaft of the shank, the quick-release joint is connected to the center hole of the universal joint through the quick-release shaft, one end of the quick-release shaft is interference-fitted with the quick-release joint, the other end of the quick-release shaft is hinged with the limit shaft, and the limit shaft is adjusted to and the quick release When the axis is different, the limit of the quick release joint can not be released.
  • the connecting rod mounting disc, the ratchet wheel, and the reverse ratchet are fixed accordingly, and the pawl mounting frame assembled on the outer ring of the bearing can rotate relative to the rotating shaft.
  • the diameter of the outer ring of the core rod joint first increases to the limit position and then becomes smaller; after the core rod joint diameter increases, the entire circumference of the slider
  • the vacancies between the two arc-shaped blocks of the component will fill each other.
  • the preferred solution is to engrave a scale on the arc-shaped sliding groove on the side of the connecting rod mounting plate close to the shaft shoulder, and read the scale through the position of the pawl sliding shaft to accurately reflect the diameter of the mandrel joint, which is convenient for application.
  • the arrangement direction of the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel is opposite to that of the reverse ratchet wheel.
  • the section of the shaft section slidingly connected to the pawl mounting frame protrusion on the pawl sliding shaft is a quadrilateral that fits with the quadrilateral hole of the protrusion, and is used to limit the relative rotation of the pawl sliding shaft and the pawl mounting frame;
  • the shaft section with a regular hexagonal section is used to restrict the relative rotation of the connecting rod mounting disc, the ratchet wheel and the reverse ratchet wheel and the rotating shaft.
  • the outer ring of the mandrel joint is composed of a singular number of slider parts.
  • the limit shaft of the quick release universal joint can be adjusted to be coaxial with the quick release shaft for quick disassembly and assembly, and when used, the limit shaft is adjusted to a different axis from the quick release shaft for assembly limit.
  • the outer ring of the mandrel joint is restricted by linkage between a single number of sliders, and has a simple structure, a certain movement and a large diameter change range.
  • the diameter of the core rod joint becomes larger, the upper and lower layers of the adjacent slider components will compensate each other for the vacant part that is not a complete circle, ensuring a good supporting effect.
  • the present invention realizes that the diameter of the elbow mandrel can be changed, so that the same mandrel can be applied to the bending processing of round cross-section pipe fittings of different diameters, and the production cost of the elbow can be reduced.
  • the diameter change adjustment process of the present invention is quick and convenient.
  • the ratchet mechanism effectively guarantees the limit after the diameter change, which improves the efficiency and reliability of the bending process.
  • the present invention realizes diameter reduction through a slider with a double-layer structure, and provides support for the blank to be bent.
  • the sliders with a double-layer structure can compensate each other for the vacancy of the cross-sectional circumference after the diameter increases, and the support effect is fully guaranteed.
  • the present invention uses a quick-release universal joint to connect the mandrel joints, which facilitates adding or reducing the number of joints according to the bending parameters, and enhances the adaptability to actual production conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the variable-diameter slider-type mandrel section of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the variable-diameter slider-type mandrel section shafting structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the ratchet device in the mandrel shafting structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the interconnection of the core rod section sliders of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the core rod section of the present invention when the diameter is the smallest.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the core rod section of the present invention when the diameter is the largest.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quick release universal joint connecting the core rod section of the present invention.
  • the present invention includes a straight shank 1 and a single or multiple mandrel joints 4, between the straight shank 1 and the mandrel joint 4, and between two adjacent mandrel joints 4 through quick release
  • the universal joint 3 is connected; the straight shank 1 is provided with a straight shank positioning pin hole 2.
  • the straight shank positioning pin hole 2 can be matched with another positioning pin shaft to limit bending processing The possible axial rotation of the straight handle 1 during the process.
  • the core rod joint 4 has a shafting structure, including a rotating shaft 5, a bearing 7, a ratchet device, a connecting rod mounting plate 12 and a slider component 10.
  • the ratchet device is mainly composed of a pawl mounting frame 8.
  • the rotating shaft 5 is mainly composed of the front axle section, the middle axle section 17 and the rear axle section connected in sequence.
  • the shaft section 17 is a regular hexagonal shaft section, the front shaft section and the rear shaft section are shaft sections with a circular cross section, a shoulder 16 is machined at the connection position of the front shaft section and the middle shaft section, and the shaft shoulder 16 is used as One end of the rotating shaft 5 is positioned axially, and a connecting rod mounting plate 12, a ratchet wheel 14 and a reverse ratchet wheel 15 whose central holes are matched with the central shaft section 17 are sequentially fitted on the central shaft section 17;
  • the diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the middle shaft section 17, and the rear shaft section is sequentially fitted with a bearing 7 and a limit clamp ring 6, which is preferably a deep groove ball bearing.
  • the limit clamp ring 6 serves as the axial positioning of the other end of the shaft 5, and the bearing 7 Located between the reverse ratchet wheel 15 and the limit clamp ring 6, and the bearing 7 is in close contact with the end surface of the reverse ratchet wheel 15 away from the connecting rod mounting plate 12; the outer ring of the bearing 7 is equipped with a pawl mounting frame 8, a pawl mounting frame 8 A plurality of bumps are uniformly distributed on the outer surface in the circumferential direction.
  • Each bump has a mounting hole near the outer end, and one of the bumps has a quadrilateral hole near the end of the shaft; the connecting rod mounting plate 12 is along the outer edge A plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the connecting rod mounting plate 12 is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove 20 arranged coaxially with the outer edge of the connecting rod mounting plate 12, and the arc-shaped sliding groove 20 is located between the through hole and the ratchet wheel 14.
  • one end of the pawl sliding shaft 13 passes through the arc-shaped sliding groove 20, and the other end passes through the quadrilateral hole of one of the protrusions of the pawl mounting frame 8.
  • the pawl sliding shaft 13 can be along the central axis of the mounting hole. Moving back and forth in the direction, both ends of the pawl sliding shaft 13 are provided with flanges to prevent the pawl sliding shaft 13 from coming out of the arc-shaped chute 20 or quadrilateral hole during the sliding process, located in the connecting rod mounting plate 12 and The pawl sliding shaft 13 between the pawl mounting frames 8 is fitted and fixed with a pawl assembly.
  • the pawl assembly is composed of a pawl 18 and a reverse pawl 19 connected; each bump on the pawl mounting frame 8 is connected to each other.
  • the through holes on the rod mounting plate 12 corresponding to the protrusions are respectively connected to a slider member 10 through a short connecting rod 9 and a long connecting rod 11.
  • the slider component 10 is a Z-shaped structure composed of two layers of arc-shaped blocks.
  • One end of the short link 9 and the long link 11 are respectively hinged to the inner wall of the arc block, and the joint is coaxial with the short link 9 and the other end of the long connecting rod 11 are respectively hinged to the mounting hole of the protrusion on the pawl mounting frame 8 and the through hole of the connecting rod mounting plate 12; one of the two layers of arc blocks is opened along the central axis of the shaft 5 Locating pin hole.
  • Slider locating pin 22 is installed in the locating pin hole with interference fit.
  • the other layer of the two-layer arc block is provided with a slider locating pin chute that cooperates with the slider locating pin 22 in the adjacent slider component 10 21.
  • the positioning pins of one layer of the slider component 10 are inserted into the slider positioning pin chutes 21 of different layers of the adjacent slider components 10, and all the slider components 10 are arranged in a complete circle in the circumferential direction.
  • the quick release universal joint 3 is mainly composed of a fixed joint 23 and a quick release joint 27 which are hinged through a universal joint 26.
  • the fixed joints 23 and the quick release joint 27 at both ends of the quick release universal joint 3 have a center.
  • the blind hole 24 is used to install the shaft 5 of the mandrel joint 4 or the connecting shaft of the straight shank 1, and is fixed by the threaded hole 25.
  • the quick release joint 27 is connected to the center hole of the universal joint 26 through the quick release shaft 28.
  • the quick release shaft One end of 28 is interference-assembled with the quick-release joint 27, and the other end of the quick-release shaft 28 is hinged with a limit shaft; when it is necessary to assemble or disassemble with the fixed joint 23, adjust the quick-release shaft 28 and the limit shaft to coaxial, and then quickly insert Or take out the center hole of the universal joint 26.
  • adjust the quick release shaft and the limit shaft to different shafts to limit the position to ensure that the mandrel articulation 4 is working. Does not fall off, and transmits torque well.
  • the two full circles formed by the two layers of arc blocks in the slider component 10 will fill up the gaps that appear after the diameter of the mandrel joint 4 becomes larger, and the supporting effect is better.
  • the entire circumference is guaranteed to provide a circle-like supporting effect through the linkage of a singular number of sliders.
  • the preferred 9 slider components 10, each of which has 9 corresponding long and short connecting rods. The more the number of sliders, the more the core rod provides The supporting effect is more similar to a complete and regular circular cross section.
  • the reverse pawl 19 on the pawl sliding shaft 13 always meshes with the reverse ratchet wheel 15, so that the pawl mounting frame 8 is turned back to ensure that the diameter of the mandrel will not shrink during use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，包括芯棒活节（4）和直柄（1），芯棒活节和直柄之间通过快拆万向节（3）连接，芯棒活节的转轴上依次装有连杆安装盘（12）、棘轮（14）、反向棘轮（15）、轴承（7）、限位卡圈（6），轴承外圈装有棘爪安装架（8），连杆安装盘和棘爪安装架分别与长、短连杆（11，9）铰接，长、短连杆与外圈滑块部件（10）铰接；通过棘爪安装架与转轴的相对转动驱动连杆机构运动，推动滑块部件运动实现变径，通过棘轮装置限制使用时直径变小；滑块部件由两层弧形块组成Z字型结构，一层装有滑块定位销（22），一层设有滑块定位销滑槽（21）。本芯棒直径可调，以适应不同尺寸圆截面管的加工需要，并且调整过程简便迅速，能在节约生产成本的同时提高效率。

Description

一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构 技术领域
本发明属于圆截面管弯曲成形起皱及截面扁化畸变缺陷预防技术领域，尤其涉及一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构。
背景技术
圆截面弯管具有截面空心、轻量化、低耗高效等的特点，被广泛应用于航天航空、船舶与汽车等产业中。复杂弯管(如薄壁、大直径、大弯曲角度等)的成形过程往往存在起皱、截面扁化畸变等缺陷，在待弯管坯内插入芯棒能有效降低弯管成形过程的起皱和截面扁化畸变，因此研究芯棒的结构和性能对提高管件弯曲成形质量和效率具有重大的意义。
目前在生产中成熟使用的芯棒包括刚性芯棒和柔性芯棒。刚性芯棒整体结构呈近似刚性、无运动副，一般由直柄部分和与弯曲部分接触的弧形端头组成，结构限制使之伸入弯曲部分的长度不宜过大，提供的支撑有限。柔性芯棒则具有可灵活活动的弯曲支撑部分，一般由直柄与单节至多节芯棒活节组成，活节能随管一同弯曲后再被取出，给易发生缺陷的弯曲部分提供更好的内部支撑。
现有芯棒主要存在以下不足：(1)实际生产中使用的芯棒径向尺寸固定，如需弯制不同直径的管件，就需要尺寸对应的芯棒，造成弯管的生产成本、芯棒的存放成本高昂。(2)针对(1)中提到的问题，许多人提出了实现芯棒变径的方案，这些方案普遍存在两个问题，一是变径(特别是直径变大)后，芯棒圆截面的外轮廓不再是一个完整的圆形，而是存在缺口，导致芯棒的支撑效果减弱；二是直径调整和固定的过程复杂，需要逐个拆下活节进行调整，每个活节都需要重新拆装限位的锁紧螺母、卡圈等部件，降低了芯棒的使用效率。(3)多节柔性芯棒的活节常采用铰链或球铰连接，仅具有一个自由度的铰链会限制芯棒的使用方向，导致芯棒磨损不均匀而缩短使用寿命；球铰的装配和拆卸难度较大，如需根据变化的弯曲参数添加或减少活节则极为不便。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中的问题，本发明公开了一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，实现多节柔性芯棒直径的快速调节，有助于降低弯管(使用芯棒的圆截面管)加工成本，提高加工效率。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明包括直柄和单个或多个芯棒活节，直柄和芯棒活节之间、相邻两个芯棒活节之间均通过快拆万向节相连；芯棒活节内部为轴系结构，包括转轴、轴承、棘轮装置、连杆安装盘和滑块部件，棘轮装置主要由棘爪安装架、棘爪滑移轴、棘轮、反向棘轮、棘爪和反向棘爪组成；转轴主要由前轴段、中轴段和后轴段三段依次连接组成，中轴段为截面为正六边形的轴段，前轴段和后轴段为截面为圆形的轴段，前轴段和中轴段过渡处加工有轴肩，以轴肩作为转轴一端轴向定位，在中轴段上依次套装有与中轴段相配合中心孔均为正六边形孔的连杆安装盘、棘轮和反向棘轮；后轴段外径小于中轴段外径，后轴段上依次套装有轴承和限位卡圈，限位卡圈作为转轴另一端轴向定位，轴承位于反向棘轮和限位卡圈之间，且轴承与反向棘轮远离连杆安装盘一端端面紧密接触；轴承外圈安装有棘爪安装架，棘爪安装架外侧面周向均布有多个凸块，每个凸块靠近外端部位置处均开有安装孔，其中一个凸台靠近转轴的端部位置处开有四边形孔；连杆安装盘沿外边缘周向均布有多个通孔，连杆安装盘上开有与连杆安装盘外边缘同轴布置的弧形滑槽，弧形滑槽位于通孔和棘轮之间。
棘爪滑移轴一端穿过弧形滑槽，另一端穿过棘爪安装架其中一个凸块的四边形孔，棘爪滑移轴可沿四边形孔中轴线来回移动，棘爪滑移轴两端端部均设有凸缘用于防止棘爪滑移轴滑移过程中从弧形滑槽或四边形孔脱出，位于连杆安装盘和棘爪安装架之间的棘爪滑移轴上套装固定有棘爪组件，棘爪组件由棘爪和反向棘爪连接组成。
棘爪安装架上每个凸块和连杆安装盘上与凸块相对应的通孔分别通过短连杆和长连杆连接在同一滑块部件上，滑块部件为由两层弧形块组成的Z字型结构，短连杆和长连杆的一端分别与弧形块内壁铰接形成同轴转动副，短连杆和长连杆的另一端分别与棘爪安装架上凸块的安装孔和连杆安装盘的通孔铰接；两层弧形块的其中一层沿转轴中心轴方向开有定位销孔，定位销孔内过盈安装有滑块定位销，两层弧形块另一层开有与相邻滑块部件中滑块定位销配合安装的滑块定位销滑槽，滑块部件一层的定位销插入相邻滑块部件不同层的滑块定位销滑槽内，所有滑块部件沿圆周周向相接布置成一个完整的圆环。
快拆万向节主要由固定节和快拆节通过万向接头铰接组成，快拆万向节两端的固定节和快拆节均开有中心盲孔用于安装芯棒活节的转轴或直柄的连接轴，快拆节通过快拆轴与万向接头中心孔相连，快拆轴一端与快拆节过盈装配，快拆轴另一端铰接有限位轴，限位轴调至与快拆轴不同轴时实现快拆节的限位不脱出。
当所述的转轴相对固定时，所述的连杆安装盘、棘轮、反向棘轮随之固定，而装配在轴承外圈的棘爪安装架则可相对转轴转动。固定转轴，沿弧形滑槽的中心弧线滑动棘爪滑移轴，可带动棘爪安装架相对转轴转动，进而带动滑块部件在短连杆和长连杆形成的连杆机构运动导向下沿径向运动，实现芯棒活节直径变化。棘爪滑移轴沿弧形滑槽一端滑动到另一端过程中，芯棒活节外圈直径先变大到极限位置后再变小；芯棒活节直径变大后，整个圆周上滑块部件的两层弧形块之间出现的空缺会相互填补。优选的方案为可在连杆安装盘靠近轴肩的一面给弧形滑槽刻上刻度，通过棘爪滑移轴的位置读出刻度，准确反映芯棒活节的直径，便于应用。
所述棘轮与反向棘轮的棘齿布置方向相反。棘爪滑移轴的棘爪组件推至与棘爪安装架接触时，反向棘爪与反向棘轮配合使用，保证转动逆止，棘爪与棘轮处于脱离状态；棘爪滑移轴推至与棘爪组件与连杆安装盘接触时，棘爪与棘轮配合使用，反向棘爪与反向棘轮处于脱离状态。
所述棘爪滑移轴上与棘爪安装架凸块滑动连接的轴段截面为与凸块四边形孔配合的四边形，用于限制棘爪滑移轴与棘爪安装架的相对转动；中轴段正六边形截面的轴段用于限制连杆安装盘、棘轮和反向棘轮与转轴相对转动。
所述芯棒活节外圈由单数个滑块部件组成。
所述快拆万向节的限位轴调至与快拆轴同轴即可快速拆装，使用时则将限位轴调至与快拆轴不同轴进行装配限位。
所述芯棒活节外圈通过单数个滑块之间的联动来限位，结构简单、运动确定、变径范围大。当芯棒活节直径变大时，相邻滑块部件的上下两层会互相弥补不是整圆的空缺部分，保证良好的支撑效果。
使用本发明时，仅需使棘爪安装架相对固定，旋转芯棒的直柄，或是使直柄相对固定，旋转棘爪安装架，即可实现活节直径的改变。利用万向节可以传递转矩的特性，使得每一活节不用单独拆开调整。利用棘轮只能相对棘爪单向旋转的特性，保证芯棒工作时直径不会缩小，而不需要手工固定芯棒的径向尺寸。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明实现弯管芯棒的直径可变，使同一根芯棒能适用于不同直径的圆截面管件弯曲加工，降低弯管的生产成本。
(2)本发明的直径变化调整过程快速方便，通过棘轮机构有效保证直径变化后的限位，提高了弯曲加工的效率和可靠性。
(3)本发明通过具有双层结构的滑块实现变径，并对待弯管坯提供支撑， 双层结构的滑块可以相互弥补直径变大之后截面圆周的空缺，充分保证支撑效果。
(4)本发明使用快拆万向节连接芯棒活节，便于根据弯曲参数添加或减少活节数目，增强了对实际生产情况的适应性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明可变径的滑块式芯棒节立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明可变径的滑块式芯棒节轴系结构剖视图。
图4为本发明芯棒轴系结构中棘轮装置的示意图。
图5为本发明芯棒节滑块相互连接示意图。
图6为本发明芯棒节在直径最小位置时的示意图。
图7为本发明芯棒节在直径最大位置时的示意图。
图8为本发明连接芯棒节的快拆万向节结构示意图。
图中：1、直柄；2、直柄定位销孔；3、快拆万向节；4、芯棒活节；5、转轴；6、限位卡圈；7、轴承；8、棘爪安装架；9、短连杆；10、滑块部件；11、长连杆；12、连杆安装盘；13、棘爪滑移轴；14、棘轮；15、反向棘轮；16、轴肩；17、中轴段；18、棘爪；19、反向棘爪；20、弧形滑槽；21、滑块定位销滑槽；22、滑块定位销；23、固定节；24、中心盲孔；25、螺纹孔；26、万向接头；27、快拆节；28、快拆轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例为本发明作详细说明：
如图1所示，本发明包括直柄1和单个或多个芯棒活节4，直柄1和芯棒活节4之间、相邻两个芯棒活节4之间均通过快拆万向节3相连；直柄1上设有直柄定位销孔2，当本发明用于数控弯管机时，直柄定位销孔2可与另外的定位销轴配合，用于限制弯曲加工过程中直柄1可能发生的轴向转动。
如图2和图3所示，芯棒活节4内部为轴系结构，包括转轴5、轴承7、棘轮装置、连杆安装盘12和滑块部件10，棘轮装置主要由棘爪安装架8、棘爪滑移轴13、棘轮14、反向棘轮15、棘爪18和反向棘爪19组成；转轴5主要由前轴段、中轴段17和后轴段三段依次连接组成，中轴段17为截面为正六边形的轴段，前轴段和后轴段为截面为圆形的轴段，前轴段和中轴段连接位置处加工有轴肩16，以轴肩16作为转轴5一端轴向定位，在中轴段17上依次套装有与中轴段17相配合中心孔均为正六边形孔的连杆安装盘12、棘轮14和反向棘轮 15；后轴段外径小于中轴段17外径，后轴段上依次套装有轴承7和限位卡圈6，此处优选为深沟球轴承，限位卡圈6作为转轴5另一端轴向定位，轴承7位于反向棘轮15和限位卡圈6之间，且轴承7与反向棘轮15远离连杆安装盘12一端端面紧密接触；轴承7外圈安装有棘爪安装架8，棘爪安装架8外侧面周向均布有多个凸块，每个凸块靠近外端部位置处均开有安装孔，其中一个凸块靠近转轴的端部位置处开有四边形孔；连杆安装盘12沿外边缘周向均布有多个通孔，连杆安装盘12上开有与连杆安装盘12外边缘同轴布置的弧形滑槽20，弧形滑槽20位于通孔和棘轮14之间。
如图4所示，棘爪滑移轴13一端穿过弧形滑槽20，另一端穿过棘爪安装架8其中一个凸块的四边形孔，棘爪滑移轴13可沿安装孔中心轴线方向来回移动，棘爪滑移轴13两端端部均设有凸缘用于防止棘爪滑移轴13滑移过程中从弧形滑槽20或四边形孔脱出，位于连杆安装盘12和棘爪安装架8之间的棘爪滑移轴13上套装固定有棘爪组件，棘爪组件由棘爪18和反向棘爪19连接组成；棘爪安装架8上每个凸块和连杆安装盘12上与凸块相对应的通孔分别通过短连杆9和长连杆11连接有一滑块部件10。
如图5所示，滑块部件10为由两层弧形块组成的Z字型结构，短连杆9和长连杆11的一端分别与弧形块内壁铰接，铰接处同轴短连杆9和长连杆11的另一端分别与棘爪安装架8上凸块的安装孔和连杆安装盘12的通孔铰接；两层弧形块的其中一层沿转轴5中心轴方向开有定位销孔，定位销孔内过盈安装有滑块定位销22，两层弧形块另一层开有与相邻滑块部件10中滑块定位销22配合安装的滑块定位销滑槽21，滑块部件10一层的定位销插入相邻滑块部件10不同层的滑块定位销滑槽21内，所有滑块部件10沿圆周周向相接布置成一个完整的圆环。
如图8所示，快拆万向节3主要由固定节23和快拆节27通过万向接头26铰接组成，快拆万向节3两端的固定节23和快拆节27均开有中心盲孔24用于安装芯棒活节4的转轴5或直柄1的连接轴，并通过螺纹孔25固定，快拆节27通过快拆轴28与万向接头26中心孔相连，快拆轴28一端与快拆节27过盈装配，快拆轴28另一端铰接有限位轴；需要与固定节23装配或拆卸时，将快拆轴28与限位轴调至同轴，即可快速插入或取出万向接头26的中心孔，当芯棒活节4连接好需使用时，将快拆轴与限位轴调至不同轴即可限位，保证芯棒活节4工作中活节不脱落，良好传递转矩。
如图2所示，滑块部件10中两层弧形块形成的两个整圆在芯棒活节4直径变大后出现的空缺会相互填补，支撑效果更好。整个圆周通过单数个滑块的联 动保证提供一个类圆的支撑效果，此处为优选的9个滑块部件10，对应的长短连杆各有9根，滑块数量越多，芯棒提供的支撑效果就越类似一个完整、规则的圆形截面。
实施例及其实施过程如下：
初始位置时，棘爪滑移轴13滑移至图4的弧形滑槽20位置处，芯棒活节4直径大小如图6所示，处于直径最小位置；固定直柄1，则每一活节的连杆安装盘12、棘轮14、反向棘轮15均固定，沿弧形滑槽20转动棘爪安装架8，可使芯棒活节的直径逐渐变大至圆截面管件弯曲加工所需的尺寸；持续转动棘爪安装架8，可达到图7所示位置，该位置为芯棒活节4直径最大的位置。上述过程中，棘爪滑移轴13上的反向棘爪19始终与反向棘轮15啮合，使棘爪安装架8转动逆止，保证芯棒使用过程中直径不会缩小，从管坯内部提供可靠的内部支撑；转动棘爪安装架8至图7所示的芯棒活节直径最大的位置之后，继续转动棘爪安装架8，使长短连杆的尺寸保证芯棒活节4的直径开始逐渐缩小，这样可便于存放收纳；也可继续调节至下次加工需要的尺寸，下次加工时，仅需将棘爪滑移轴13沿轴向推动至棘爪18与棘轮14啮合，就可以限制芯棒活节4直径不再缩小；当棘爪18与棘轮14进入啮合时，反向棘爪19与反向棘轮15已经脱离。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，包括直柄(1)和单个或多个芯棒活节(4)，直柄(1)和芯棒活节(4)之间、相邻两个芯棒活节(4)之间均通过快拆万向节(3)相连；
    芯棒活节(4)内部为轴系结构，包括转轴(5)、轴承(7)、棘轮装置、连杆安装盘(12)和滑块部件(10)，棘轮装置主要由棘爪安装架(8)、棘爪滑移轴(13)、棘轮(14)、反向棘轮(15)、棘爪(18)和反向棘爪(19)组成；转轴(5)主要由前轴段、中轴段(17)和后轴段三段依次连接组成，中轴段(17)为截面为正六边形的轴段，前轴段和后轴段为截面为圆形的轴段，前轴段和中轴段过渡处加工有轴肩(16)，以轴肩(16)作为转轴(5)一端轴向定位，在中轴段(17)上依次套装有与中轴段(17)相配合中心孔均为正六边形孔的连杆安装盘(12)、棘轮(14)和反向棘轮(15)；后轴段外径小于中轴段(17)外径，后轴段上依次套装有轴承(7)和限位卡圈(6)，限位卡圈(6)作为转轴(5)另一端轴向定位，轴承(7)内圈与反向棘轮(15)端面紧密接触；轴承(7)外圈安装有棘爪安装架(8)，棘爪安装架(8)外侧面周向均布有多个凸块，每个凸块靠近外端部位置处均开有安装孔，其中一个凸块靠近转轴的端部位置处开有四边形孔；连杆安装盘(12)沿外边缘周向均布有多个通孔，连杆安装盘(12)上开有与连杆安装盘(12)外边缘同轴布置的弧形滑槽(20)，弧形滑槽(20)位于通孔和棘轮(14)最大直径之间；棘爪滑移轴(13)一端穿过弧形滑槽(20)，另一端穿过棘爪安装架(8)其中一个凸块的四边形孔，棘爪滑移轴(13)沿四边形孔中轴线来回移动，棘爪滑移轴(13)两端端部均设有凸缘用于防止棘爪滑移轴(13)滑移过程中从弧形滑槽(20)或四边形孔脱出，位于连杆安装盘(12)和棘爪安装架(8)之间的棘爪滑移轴(13)上套装固定有棘爪组件，棘爪组件由棘爪(18)和反向棘爪(19)连接组成；棘爪安装架(8)上每个凸块和连杆安装盘(12)上与凸块相对应的通孔分别通过短连杆(9)和长连杆(11)连接在同一滑块部件(10)上，滑块部件(10)为由两层弧形块组成的Z字型结构，短连杆(9)和长连杆(11)的一端分别与弧形块内壁铰接形成同轴转动副，短连杆(9)和长连杆(11)的另一端分别与棘爪安装架(8)上凸块的安装孔和连杆安装盘(12)的通孔铰接；两层弧形块的其中一层沿转轴(5)中心轴方向开有定位销孔，定位销孔内过盈安装有滑块定位销(22)，两层弧形块另一层开有与相邻滑块部件(10)中滑块定位销(22)配合安装的滑块定位销滑槽(21)，滑块部件(10)一层的定位销 插入相邻滑块部件(10)不同层的滑块定位销滑槽(21)内，所有滑块部件(10)沿圆周周向相接布置成一个完整的圆环；快拆万向节(3)主要由固定节(23)和快拆节(27)通过万向接头(26)铰接组成，快拆万向节(3)两端的固定节(23)和快拆节(27)均开有中心盲孔(24)用于安装芯棒活节(4)的转轴(5)或直柄(1)的连接轴，快拆节(27)通过快拆轴(28)与万向接头(26)中心孔相连，快拆轴(28)一端与快拆节(27)过盈装配，快拆轴(28)另一端铰接有限位轴，限位轴调至与快拆轴(28)不同轴时实现快拆节(27)的限位不脱出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，使转轴(5)相对固定，棘爪滑移轴(13)沿弧形滑槽(20)滑动带动棘爪安装架(8)相对转轴(5)转动，进而带动滑块部件(10)在短连杆(9)和长连杆(11)的机构运动导向下沿径向运动，实现芯棒活节(4)直径变化；芯棒活节(4)直径变大后，整个圆周上相邻滑块部件(10)之间出现的空缺通过两层弧形块相互填补。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，棘爪滑移轴(13)沿弧形滑槽(20)一端滑动到另一端过程中，芯棒活节(4)外圈直径先变大到极限位置后再变小。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，所述棘轮(14)与反向棘轮(15)的棘齿布置方向相反。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，棘爪滑移轴(13)的棘爪组件推至与棘爪安装架(8)接触时，反向棘爪(19)与反向棘轮(15)配合使用，保证转动逆止，棘爪(18)与棘轮(14)处于脱离状态；棘爪滑移轴(13)推至与棘爪组件与连杆安装盘(12)接触时，棘爪(18)与棘轮(14)配合使用，反向棘爪(19)与反向棘轮(15)处于脱离状态。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，棘爪滑移轴(13)上与棘爪安装架(8)凸块滑动连接的轴段截面为与凸块的四边形孔配合的四边形，用于限制棘爪滑移轴(13)与棘爪安装架(8)的相对转动；中轴段(17)正六边形截面的轴段用于限制连杆安装盘(12)、棘轮(14)和反向棘轮(15)与转轴(5)相对转动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种棘轮逆止转动变径的滑块式截面全支撑芯棒结构，其特征在于，所述的芯棒活节(4)外圈由单数个滑块部件(10)组成。
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