WO2020199447A1 - 基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达 - Google Patents

基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达 Download PDF

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WO2020199447A1
WO2020199447A1 PCT/CN2019/099781 CN2019099781W WO2020199447A1 WO 2020199447 A1 WO2020199447 A1 WO 2020199447A1 CN 2019099781 W CN2019099781 W CN 2019099781W WO 2020199447 A1 WO2020199447 A1 WO 2020199447A1
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laser
filter
frequency
seed laser
unit
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French (fr)
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上官明佳
夏海云
薛向辉
窦贤康
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser radar, in particular to a direct detection wind measurement laser radar based on a broad-spectrum light source.
  • the wind lidar In the remote sensing of atmospheric wind speed, the wind lidar has been widely used in atmospheric wind profile detection, wind shear early warning, aircraft wake detection, wind power generation, aerospace, military and other fields due to its high precision and high temporal and spatial resolution. .
  • Wind lidar can be divided into direct detection and coherent detection.
  • the light sources of the wind lidars of these two mechanisms use demanding narrow linewidth lasers.
  • Coherent lidar uses a narrow line width to increase the coherence length, thereby improving the coherence efficiency.
  • the wider the spectrum the worse the coherence efficiency.
  • the direct detection wind lidar by using a narrow linewidth laser to lock on the steep edge of the filter, the weak Doppler frequency shift will cause a large change in the transmission intensity, so as to extract the wind speed information.
  • the narrower detection sensitivity is higher.
  • a reference light needs to be used to lock the laser frequency on the filter. This brings about the following problems.
  • a wind measurement lidar based on a broad-spectrum light source which includes: a seed laser pulse generation unit for generating seed laser pulses; a filter unit, including a filter, which is used for The pulse is filtered; the laser frequency shifting and amplifying unit is used to receive the filtered seed laser pulse filtered by the filtering unit, and to frequency shift and amplify the filtered seed laser pulse; the laser transmitting and receiving unit uses For receiving the frequency-shifted and amplified laser light that has been frequency-shifted and amplified by the laser frequency shifting and amplifying unit, and emitting the frequency-shifted and amplified laser into the atmosphere; the laser emitting and receiving unit also uses After receiving the atmospheric echo signal generated after the frequency-shifted and amplified seed laser pulse interacts with the atmosphere; wherein, after the atmospheric echo signal received by the laser transmitting and receiving unit is filtered by the filter, The transmission signal and the reflection signal are obtained respectively, and these two signals are sensitive to the atmospheric Doppler frequency shift, and atmospheric wind speed information can be obtained
  • the above-mentioned wind measurement lidar based on a broad-spectrum light source further includes: an echo signal detection unit for detecting the transmission signal and the reflection signal; a signal acquisition and processing unit for collecting the echo signal The transmission signal and the reflection signal detected by the detection unit, and the intensity change of the transmission signal and the reflection signal are measured, and the atmospheric wind speed information is obtained by inversion.
  • the filtering unit further includes: a first optical switch and a second optical switch.
  • the seed laser pulse and the atmospheric echo signal pass through the filter in time sharing, wherein the first optical switch is connected to the seed laser pulse generating unit, and the second optical switch is connected to the filter.
  • the laser frequency shift and amplification unit and the echo signal detection unit are connected.
  • the above-mentioned wind measurement lidar based on a broad-spectrum light source, wherein the seed laser pulse is incident on the filter after passing through the first optical channel of the first optical switch, and the filter is The seed laser pulse is filtered to obtain the filtered seed laser pulse, and the filtered seed laser pulse is incident on the first optical channel of the second optical switch, and then input to the laser frequency shift and amplification unit.
  • the aforementioned filtering unit further includes: a circulator connected to the laser emitting and receiving unit and the echo signal detection unit, wherein the atmospheric echo signal received by the laser emitting and receiving unit passes through After the circulator, the second optical channel passing through the first optical switch enters the filter, and after filtering by the filter, a transmission signal and a reflection signal are obtained respectively; the transmission signal passes through the second light After the second optical channel of the switch enters the echo signal detection unit; the reflected signal enters the echo signal detection unit after passing through the second optical channel of the first optical switch and the circulator.
  • the above-mentioned seed laser pulse generating unit includes: a seed laser for generating a seed laser; a pulse generator connected to the seed laser for receiving the seed laser and generating pulsed laser based on the seed laser; The first filter is connected to the pulse generator and filters the pulse laser to form the seed laser pulse.
  • the aforementioned filter includes a second filter and a third filter, and the second filter is connected to the third filter.
  • the above-mentioned laser frequency shift and amplification unit includes: a laser frequency shifter, connected to the filter unit, for receiving the filtered seed laser pulse from the filtering unit, and performing processing on the filtered seed laser pulse Frequency shift; Delay fiber, connected to the laser frequency shifter, used to receive the frequency-shifted seed laser pulse from the laser frequency shifter, and delay the frequency-shifted seed laser pulse, so that the atmosphere returns The wave signal is separated from the seed laser pulse in the time domain; an optical fiber amplifier is connected to the delay fiber and the laser transmitting and receiving unit for receiving the delayed seed laser pulse from the delay fiber, and The delayed seed laser pulse is amplified to obtain the frequency-shifted and amplified seed laser pulse, and the frequency-shifted and amplified seed laser pulse is input to the laser emitting and receiving unit.
  • a laser frequency shifter connected to the filter unit, for receiving the filtered seed laser pulse from the filtering unit, and performing processing on the filtered seed laser pulse Frequency shift
  • Delay fiber connected to the laser frequency shifter, used to receive the
  • the above-mentioned signal collection and processing unit includes: a collection card for collecting the transmission signal and the reflection signal detected by the echo signal detection unit; a processor for measuring the collection card The intensity changes of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal are inverted to obtain atmospheric wind speed information.
  • the above-mentioned laser transmitting and receiving unit includes: a transmitting telescope for transmitting the frequency-shifted and amplified seed laser pulse from the laser frequency shifting and amplifying unit into the atmosphere; and a receiving telescope for receiving The atmospheric echo signal of the atmosphere, and the atmospheric echo signal is input to the filtering unit.
  • the direct detection wind lidar proposed in the present disclosure adopts an optical switch gating method to achieve a broad-spectrum light source of the echo signal, and the seed laser pulse is locked at the half height of the filter through the frequency shift of the laser frequency shifter. So as to realize the detection of atmospheric wind field.
  • the wind measurement lidar proposed in the publication has the characteristics of high system stability, no reference light, insensitive to laser frequency jitter, and high output power of broad-spectrum laser.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an optical path of a lidar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a working sequence diagram of a lidar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the principle of direct detection wind measurement of lidar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • At least one of the “systems” shall include but not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and/or systems having A, B, C, etc. ).
  • At least one of the “systems” shall include but not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and/or systems having A, B, C, etc. ).
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an optical path of a lidar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the lidar of the embodiment of the present disclosure particularly a direct detection wind measurement lidar based on a broad-spectrum light source, includes a seed laser pulse generating unit 10, a filtering unit 20, a laser frequency shifting and amplifying unit 30, The laser emitting and receiving unit 40, the echo signal detecting unit 50, and the signal collecting and processing unit 60.
  • the seed laser pulse generating unit 10 is used to generate seed laser pulses.
  • the seed laser pulse generating unit 10 may also be another laser capable of generating broad-spectrum laser pulses.
  • the seed laser pulse generating unit 10 includes, for example, a seed laser 11, a pulse generator 12, and a first filter 13.
  • the seed laser 11 includes, for example, a continuous broad-spectrum seed laser for generating seed laser light.
  • the pulse generator 12 is connected to the seed laser 11 for receiving the seed laser and generating pulse laser based on the seed laser.
  • the first filter 13 is connected to the pulse generator 12 and filters the pulsed laser light to form a seed laser pulse, and the seed laser pulse is incident on the filter unit 20.
  • the seed laser 11 first passes through the pulse generator 12 to form pulsed light, and then passes through the first filter 13 to intercept the spectrum for detection.
  • the preferred laser has a center wavelength of 1.5 microns.
  • the filtering unit 20 includes a filter 21 for filtering the generated seed laser pulse.
  • the filtering unit 20 further includes: a first optical switch 24 and a second optical switch 25, and the seed laser pulse and the atmospheric echo signal are separated by the gating manner of the first optical switch 24 and the second optical switch 25
  • the first optical switch 24 is connected to the seed laser pulse generating unit 10
  • the second optical switch 25 is connected to the laser frequency shift and amplification unit 30 and the echo signal detection unit 50.
  • the filter 21 filters the seed laser pulse to obtain a filtered seed laser pulse.
  • the first optical channel incident to the second optical switch 25 is further input to the laser frequency shift and amplification unit 30.
  • the filter 21 includes a second filter 22 and a third filter 23, and the second filter 22 and the third filter 23 are connected.
  • the seed laser pulse passes through the first optical channel of the first optical switch 24 (for example, channels 1-2 of the first optical switch 24), enters the second filter 22, and then passes through the third filter 23 and the first optical channel.
  • the first optical channel of the second optical switch 25 (for example, the 1-2 channels of the second optical switch 25).
  • the first optical switch 24 and the second optical switch 25 are used to gate the seed laser pulse and the atmospheric echo signal.
  • the second filter 22 is used to filter the atmospheric echo information and filter out the sun background and sky background radiation.
  • the third filter 23 is used to filter out seed laser pulses and as an edge filter for atmospheric wind field detection.
  • the laser frequency shifting and amplifying unit 30 is configured to receive the laser light filtered by the filter unit 20, and perform frequency shift and amplify the filtered laser light.
  • the laser frequency shift and amplification unit 30 includes: a laser frequency shifter 31, a delay fiber 32, and a fiber amplifier 33.
  • the laser frequency shifter 31 is connected to the filter unit 20, and is used to receive the filtered laser light from the filter unit 20 and perform frequency shift on the filtered laser light.
  • the delay fiber 32 is connected to the laser frequency shifter 31, and is used to receive the frequency-shifted laser light from the laser frequency shifter 31 and delay the frequency-shifted laser light, so that the atmospheric echo signal and the seed laser light The pulses are separated in the time domain.
  • the fiber amplifier 33 is connected to the delay fiber 32 and the laser transmitting and receiving unit 40, and is used to receive the delayed laser light from the delay fiber 32, and amplify the delayed laser to obtain the frequency shifted and amplified laser, and the The frequency shifted and amplified laser light is input to the laser emitting and receiving unit 40.
  • the laser light emitted by the filter unit 20 first passes through the laser frequency shifter 31, and then passes through the delay fiber 32 and the fiber amplifier 33 for delay and optical amplification.
  • the laser frequency shifter 31 is used to move the laser light emitted from the filter unit 20 to the half height of the transmittance curve of the third filter 23.
  • the delay fiber 32 is used to separate the outgoing laser pulse and the atmospheric echo signal in the time domain.
  • the laser transmitting and receiving unit 40 is used to receive the frequency-shifted and amplified laser light that has been frequency-shifted and amplified by the laser frequency-shifting and amplifying unit 30, and emits the frequency-shifted and amplified laser into the atmosphere,
  • the laser emitting and receiving unit 40 is also used to receive the atmospheric echo signal generated after the frequency-shifted and amplified laser interacts with the atmosphere.
  • the atmospheric echo signal received by the laser transmitting and receiving unit 40 is filtered by the filter 21 to obtain a transmission signal and a reflection signal, respectively.
  • These two signals are sensitive to the atmospheric Doppler frequency shift, and the transmission signal and the reflection signal are measured.
  • the intensity change of can be inverted to obtain atmospheric wind speed information.
  • the laser transmitting and receiving unit 40 includes: a transmitting telescope 41 and a receiving telescope 42.
  • the transmitting telescope 41 is used to emit the frequency shifted and amplified laser light from the laser frequency shift and amplification unit 30 into the atmosphere.
  • the receiving telescope 42 is used for receiving atmospheric echo signals from the atmosphere, and inputting the atmospheric echo signals into the filtering unit 20.
  • the laser transmitting and receiving unit 40 transmits the amplified laser pulses into the atmosphere through the transmitting telescope 41, and the atmospheric echo signal generated by the interaction of the laser pulses with the atmosphere is received by the receiving telescope 42.
  • the laser transmission and atmospheric echo signal reception are separate transmission and reception structures, which is a preferred solution. It can also be a coaxial transmission and reception structure, and a telescope is shared for transmission and reception.
  • the filtering unit 20 further includes a circulator 26 connected to the laser emitting and receiving unit 40 and the echo signal detecting unit 50.
  • the atmospheric echo signal received by the laser transmitting and receiving unit 40 passes through the circulator 26, passes through the second optical channel of the first optical switch 24, enters the filter 21, and is filtered by the filter 21 to obtain the transmission signal and the reflection signal respectively.
  • the transmitted signal enters the echo signal detection unit 50 after passing through the second optical channel of the second optical switch 25, and the reflected signal enters the echo signal detection unit after passing through the second optical channel of the first optical switch 24 and the circulator 26 50.
  • the atmospheric echo signal After the atmospheric echo signal passes through the circulator 26, it enters the second filter 22 and the third filter 23 through the second optical channel of the first optical switch 24 (for example, the 3-2 channel of the first optical switch 24).
  • the transmission signal enters the echo signal detection unit 50 through the second optical channel of the second optical switch 25 (for example, channels 1-4 of the second optical switch 25).
  • the atmospheric echo signal passes through the reflected signal of the third filter 23, passes through the second filter 22 and then the second optical channel of the first optical switch 24 (for example, channels 2-3 of the first optical switch 24), and then enters the return signal.
  • Wave signal detection unit 50 After the atmospheric echo signal passes through the circulator 26, it enters the second filter 22 and the third filter 23 through the second optical channel of the first optical switch 24 (for example, the 3-2 channel of the first optical switch 24).
  • the transmission signal enters the echo signal detection unit 50 through the second optical channel of the second optical switch 25 (for example, channels 1-4 of the second optical switch 25).
  • the atmospheric echo signal passes through the reflected signal of
  • the echo signal detection unit 50 is used to detect the transmission signal and the reflection signal.
  • the echo signal detection unit 50 is a single photon detector, which includes but is not limited to a superconducting nanowire single photon detector, a frequency up-conversion single photon detector, and an InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) single photon detector.
  • the echo signal detection unit 50 when it is a superconducting nanowire single photon detector, it may include a refrigerated preparation and superconducting chip 51, an electric pulse signal amplification unit 52, and an electric pulse signal discrimination unit 53.
  • the refrigeration preparation and superconducting chip 51 is used to convert a single photon signal into an electrical pulse signal
  • the electrical pulse signal amplifying unit 52 is used to amplify the electrical pulse signal
  • the electrical pulse signal discriminating unit 53 is used to discriminate electricity that exceeds a certain threshold. Pulse signal.
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit 60 is used to collect the transmission signal and the reflection signal detected by the echo signal detection unit 50, measure the intensity changes of the transmission signal and the reflection signal, and obtain atmospheric wind speed information by inversion.
  • the signal collection and processing unit 60 includes: a collection card 61 and a processor 62.
  • the acquisition card 61 is used to acquire the transmission signal and the reflection signal detected by the echo signal detection unit 50.
  • the processor 62 (for example, a computer) is used to measure the signal intensity of the transmission signal and the reflection signal collected by the acquisition card 61, and retrieve the atmospheric wind speed information.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a working sequence diagram of a lidar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the gating of the seed laser pulse and the atmospheric echo signal is completed by the first optical switch 24 and the second optical switch 25, that is, the pulsed laser line passes through the 1-2 channels of the first optical switch 24 and the second optical switch 24.
  • the 1-2 channels of the optical switch 25 are incident into the atmosphere, and then the level of the electrical signal input to the optical switch is adjusted so that the 1-2 channels of the first optical switch 24 and the 1-2 channels of the second optical switch 25 are closed , And then turn on channels 3-2 of the first optical switch 24 and channels 1-4 of the second optical switch 25 to complete the filtering of atmospheric echo signals.
  • the laser frequency shifter 31 moves the seed laser pulse frequency to the half height of the transmittance curve of the third filter 23. Through signal collection, the transmission signal and the reflection signal of the atmospheric echo signal through the third filter 23 are obtained respectively, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the principle of direct detection wind measurement of lidar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) spectrum and the laser spectrum have the same linear shape.
  • the type is the Lorentz line
  • the convolution of the two Lorentz functions is still the Lorentz line
  • the width is the sum of the widths of the two Lorentz functions. Therefore, the convolution of the atmospheric echo signal and the Fabry-Perot interferometer is still a Lorentz line, but the width is doubled.
  • the atmospheric echo signal is transmitted through the transmission spectrum of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. And the reflection spectrum is shown in Figure 3(b).
  • AOM laser frequency shifter
  • the core module of the present disclosure is the filter module 20.
  • the first optical switch 24 and the second optical switch 25 are gated to realize that the emitted laser and the atmospheric echo signal pass through the same filter 21, thereby realizing a broad-spectrum light source.
  • the emitted laser is frequency shifted to the edge of the filter 21 by the laser frequency shifter 31.
  • the frequency of the echo signal changes, it will cause the atmospheric echo signal
  • the intensity of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal on the filter 21 changes, one increases, the other decreases, and atmospheric wind speed information is extracted through this intensity information.
  • the invention discloses a direct detection wind measurement lidar based on a wide-spectrum light source.
  • the invention adopts the way of two optical switches to make the emission laser and the atmospheric echo signal share a filter, and realizes the direct detection wind lidar based on the broad-spectrum light source.
  • the invention proposes to use a frequency shifter to move the emitted laser frequency to the edge of the filter.
  • the atmospheric echo signal emits Doppler frequency shift, it will cause the atmospheric echo signal to change the intensity of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal on the filter, one increases and the other decreases.
  • the atmospheric wind speed information is extracted by this intensity change information.
  • the present invention Since the emitted laser and atmospheric echo signals pass through the filter within milliseconds or even microseconds, the present invention has the following advantages.
  • the direct detection wind lidar is not sensitive to the frequency drift of the laser and the filter; , There is no need to use a narrow linewidth single-frequency laser, a wide-spectrum light source can increase the emitted laser power and reduce the cost of the laser; finally, no reference laser is needed, which simplifies the optical path.
  • the present disclosure adopts a broad-spectrum laser diode, which reduces the requirement of the laser radar for the narrow line width of the laser.
  • the broad-spectrum laser can increase the laser emission power and reduce the cost of the laser.
  • the present disclosure proposes a scheme in which the emission laser and the atmospheric echo signal share a filter, and the emission laser is locked at the half height of the spectrum after convolution of the Fabry-Perot interferometer and the atmospheric echo signal through a laser frequency shifter. Because the emitted laser and atmospheric echo signals pass through the Fabry-Perot interferometer in microseconds, the drift of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is negligible in this time scale, which reduces the directivity. Detect the requirements of the wind lidar for the stability of the Fabry-Perot interferometer.
  • the present disclosure proposes a solution for the emission of laser and atmospheric echo signals to share a filter. Since the position of the emission laser relative to the Fabry-Perot interferometer can be controlled by a laser frequency shifter, this eliminates the need for traditional Directly detect the reference light of the wind lidar, simplifying the optical path.

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Abstract

一种基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，采用光开关（24，25）选通，使发射激光和大气回波信号共用一个滤波器（21），实现基于宽谱光源的直接探测测风激光雷达；采用频移器（31）将发射激光的频率移至滤波器（21）的边缘上；当大气回波信号发生多普勒频移时，将引起大气回波信号经滤波器（21）上的透射信号和反射信号的强度变化，一个增强，一个降低，大气风速通过这个强度变化信息提取。由于发射激光和大气回波信号在毫秒甚至微秒量级的时间内通过滤波器（21），因此该测风激光雷达具有如下优势，首先，测风激光雷达对激光器和滤波器（21）的频率漂移不敏感；其次，不需采用窄线宽单频激光器，宽谱光源可提高出射激光功率，降低激光器成本；最后，不需要参考激光，简化了光路。

Description

基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达
本申请要求于2019年03月29日提交的中国专利申请CN201910256086.7的优先权，其内容一并在此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及激光雷达领域，尤其涉及一种基于宽谱光源的直接探测测风激光雷达。
背景技术
大气风速遥感中，测风激光雷达由于具有高精度、高时空分辨率等特点，已广泛应用于大气风廓线探测、风切变预警、飞机尾流探测、风能发电、航空航天和军事等领域。
测风激光雷达可分为直接探测和相干探测两类。目前，这两种机制的测风激光雷达的光源均采用要求苛刻的窄线宽的激光器。相干激光雷达通过采用窄线宽提高相干长度，从而提高相干效率，光谱越宽，相干效率越差。而在直接探测测风激光雷达中，通过采用窄线宽激光锁定在滤波器的陡峭边沿上，微弱的多普勒频移将引起大的透过强度的变化，从而提取风速信息，激光光谱越窄探测灵敏度越高。在实际应用中，由于激光器和滤波器之间的漂移，需要采用参考光，将激光器频率锁定在滤波器上。这就带来了以下几个问题，首先，当周围温度和压强变化大时，将引起激光器和滤波器大的频率漂移，这一方面增大了锁定的难度，也对系统的稳定性提出了更好的要求，另外一方面，引入了系统误差；其次，在光纤激光器中，线宽越窄，受激布里渊散射效应越强，从而限制了激光器的输出功率，增大了激光器的成本。
发明内容
本公开一方面提供了一种基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，包括：种子激光脉冲产生单元，用于产生种子激光脉冲；滤波单元，包括滤波器，所述滤波器用于对产生的种子激光脉冲进行滤波；激光频移和放大单元，用于接收经由所述滤波单元滤波后的已滤波种子激光脉冲，并对所述已滤波种子激光脉冲进行频移和放大；激光发射和接收单元，用于接收经由所述激光频移和放大单元频移和放大后的已频移和放大的激光，并将所述已频移和放大的激光发射至大气中；所述激光发射和接收单元还用于接收所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲与大气相互作用后产生的大气回波信号；其中，经由所述激光发射和接收单元接收的所述大气回波信号经由所述滤波器滤波后，分别得到透射信号和反射信号，这两个信号对大气多普勒频移敏感，通过测量所述透射信号和反射信号的强度变化可反演获得大气风速信息。
可选地，上述基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，还包括：回波信号探测单元，用于探测所述透射信号和所述反射信号；信号采集和处理单元，用于采集由回波信号探测单元探测到的所述透射信号和所述反射信号，并测量所述透射信号和所述反射信号的强度变化，反演获得大气风速信息。
可选地，上述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述滤波单元还包括：第一光开关和第二光开关，通过所述第一光开关和所述第二光开关的选通方式使所述种子激光脉冲和所述大气回波信号分时经过所述滤波器，其中，所述第一光开关与所述种子激光脉冲产生单元连接，所述第二光开关与所述激光频移和放大单元以及所述回波信号探测单元连接。
可选地，上述基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述种子激光脉冲经过所述第一光开关的第一光通道后，入射到所述滤波器，所述滤波器对所述种子激光脉冲进行滤波，得到所述已滤波种子激光脉冲，所述已滤波种子激光脉冲入射到所述第二光开关的第一光通道，进而输入至激光频移和放大单元。
可选地，上述滤波单元还包括：环形器，所述环形器与所述激光发射和接收单元以及回波信号探测单元连接，其中，由所述激光发射和接收单元接收的大气回波信号经过所述环形器后，经过所述第一光开关的第二光通道进入所述滤波器，经由所述滤波器滤波后，分别得到透射信号和反射信号；所述透射信号经过所述第二光开关的第二光通道后，进入所述回波信号探测单元；所述反射信号经过所述第一光开关的第二光通道、所述环形器后，进入所述回波信号探测单元。
可选地，上述种子激光脉冲产生单元包括：种子激光器，用于产生种子激光；脉冲发生器，与所述种子激光器连接，用于接收所述种子激光，并基于所述种子激光生成脉冲激光；第一滤波器，与所述脉冲发生器连接，并对所述脉冲激光进行滤波形成所述种子激光脉冲。
可选地，上述滤波器包括第二滤波器和第三滤波器，所述第二滤波器和所述第三滤波器连接。
可选地，上述激光频移和放大单元包括：激光频移器，与所述滤波单元连接，用于接收来自所述滤波单元的已滤波种子激光脉冲，并对所述已滤波种子激光脉冲进行频移；延时光纤，与所述激光频移器连接，用于接收来自激光频移器的已频移种子激光脉冲，并对已频移种子激光脉冲进行延时，从而使所述大气回波信号与所述种子激光脉冲在时域上分开；光纤放大器，与所述延时光纤以及所述激光发射和接收单元连接，用于接收来自延时光纤的已延时种子激光脉冲，并对已延时种子激光脉冲进行放大得到所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲，并将所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲输入所述激光发射和接收单元。
可选地，上述信号采集和处理单元包括：采集卡，用于采集由回波信号探测单元探测到的所述透射信号和所述反射信号；处理器，测量由所述采集卡采集的所述透射信号和所述反射信号的强度变化，反演获得大气风速信息。
可选地，上述激光发射和接收单元包括：发射望远镜，用于将来自所述激光频移和放大单元的所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲发射至 大气中；接收望远镜，用于接收来自大气的所述大气回波信号，并将所述大气回波信号输入所述滤波单元。
本公开提出的直接探测测风激光雷达，采用光开关选通的方式，达到回波信号的宽谱光源，通过激光频移器频移，将种子激光脉冲锁定在了滤波器的半高处，从而实现大气风场的探测。该公开提出的测风激光雷达具有系统稳定性高，不需要参考光，对激光频率抖动不敏感，宽谱激光出射功率大的特点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。为了更完整地理解本公开及其优势，现在将参考结合附图的以下描述，其中：
图1示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的激光雷达的光路示意图；
图2示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的激光雷达的工作时序图；以及
图3示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的激光雷达的直接探测测风原理示意图。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图来描述本公开的实施例。但是应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。
在此使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例，而并非意在限制本公开。在此使用的术语“包括”、“包含”等表明了所述特征、步骤、操作和/或部件的存在，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作或部件。
在此使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有本领域技术人员 通常所理解的含义，除非另外定义。应注意，这里使用的术语应解释为具有与本说明书的上下文相一致的含义，而不应以理想化或过于刻板的方式来解释。
在使用类似于“A、B和C等中至少一个”这样的表述的情况下，一般来说应该按照本领域技术人员通常理解该表述的含义来予以解释(例如，“具有A、B和C中至少一个的系统”应包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B、C的系统等)。在使用类似于“A、B或C等中至少一个”这样的表述的情况下，一般来说应该按照本领域技术人员通常理解该表述的含义来予以解释(例如，“具有A、B或C中至少一个的系统”应包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B、C的系统等)。
下面结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开的保护范围。
图1示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的激光雷达的光路示意图。
如图1所示，本公开实施例的激光雷达，特别是一种基于宽谱光源的直接探测测风激光雷达，包括种子激光脉冲产生单元10、滤波单元20、激光频移和放大单元30、激光发射和接收单元40、回波信号探测单元50和信号采集和处理单元60。
根据本公开实施例，种子激光脉冲产生单元10用于产生种子激光脉冲。或者，种子激光脉冲产生单元10也可以是能够产生宽谱激光脉冲的其他激光器。
根据本公开实施例，种子激光脉冲产生单元10例如包括种子激光器11、脉冲发生器12和第一滤波器13。其中，种子激光器11例如包括连续宽谱种子激光器，用于产生种子激光。脉冲发生器12与种子激光器11连接，用于接收种子激光，并基于种子激光生成脉冲激光。第 一滤波器13与脉冲发生器12连接，并对脉冲激光进行滤波形成种子激光脉冲，该种子激光脉冲入射至滤波单元20。
具体地，种子激光器11首先经过脉冲发生器12形成脉冲光，然后经第一滤波器13截取用于探测的光谱。优选的激光器的中心波长为1.5微米。
根据本公开实施例，滤波单元20包括滤波器21，滤波器21用于对产生的种子激光脉冲进行滤波。
根据本公开实施例，滤波单元20还包括：第一光开关24和第二光开关25，通过第一光开关24和第二光开关25的选通方式使种子激光脉冲和大气回波信号分时经过滤波器21，其中，第一光开关24与种子激光脉冲产生单元10连接，第二光开关25与激光频移和放大单元30以及回波信号探测单元50连接。
根据本公开实施例，种子激光脉冲经过第一光开关24的第一光通道后，入射到滤波器21，滤波器21对种子激光脉冲进行滤波，得到已滤波种子激光脉冲，已滤波种子激光脉冲入射到第二光开关25的第一光通道，进而输入至激光频移和放大单元30。
在本公开实施例中，滤波器21包括第二滤波器22和第三滤波器23，第二滤波器22和第三滤波器23连接。
具体地，种子激光脉冲例如经第一光开关24的第一光通道(例如为第一光开关24的1-2通道)后，进入第二滤波器22，再经过第三滤波器23和第二光开关25的第一光通道(例如为第二光开关25的1-2通道)。其中，第一光开关24和第二光开关25用于选通种子激光脉冲和大气回波信号。第二滤波器22用于对大气回波信息进行滤波，过滤掉太阳背景和天空背景辐射。第三滤波器23用于作为滤出种子激光脉冲，以及作为大气风场探测的边缘滤波器。
根据本公开实施例，激光频移和放大单元30，用于接收经由滤波单元20滤波后的激光，并对已滤波激光进行频移和放大。其中，激光频移和放大单元30包括：激光频移器31、延时光纤32、光纤放大器33。
其中，激光频移器31与滤波单元20连接，用于接收来自滤波单元20的已滤波激光，并对已滤波激光进行频移。延时光纤32与激光频移器31连接，用于接收来自激光频移器31的已频移激光，并对已频移激光进行延时，从而使所述大气回波信号与所述种子激光脉冲在时域上分开。光纤放大器33与延时光纤32以及激光发射和接收单元40连接，用于接收来自延时光纤32的已延时激光，并对已延时激光进行放大得到已频移和放大激光，并将已频移和放大的激光输入激光发射和接收单元40。
其中，由滤波单元20出射的激光先经过激光频移器31后，再先后经过延时光纤32和光纤放大器33进行延时和光放大。激光频移器31用于对将来自滤波单元20出射的激光移至第三滤波器23透过率曲线的半高处。延时光纤32用于将出射激光脉冲和大气回波信号在时域上分离开来。
根据本公开实施例，激光发射和接收单元40用于接收经由激光频移和放大单元30频移和放大后的已频移和放大激光，并将已频移和放大的激光发射至大气中，激光发射和接收单元40还用于接收已频移和放大的激光与大气相互作用后产生的大气回波信号。
其中，经由激光发射和接收单元40接收的大气回波信号经由滤波器21滤波后，分别得到透射信号和反射信号，这两个信号对大气多普勒频移敏感，通过测量透射信号和反射信号的强度变化可反演获得大气风速信息。
具体地，激光发射和接收单元40包括：发射望远镜41和接收望远镜42。发射望远镜41用于将来自激光频移和放大单元30的已频移和放大激光发射至大气中。接收望远镜42用于接收来自大气的大气回波信号，并将大气回波信号输入滤波单元20。
根据本公开实施例，激光发射和接收单元40将放大后的激光脉冲经发射望远镜41发射到大气中，激光脉冲与大气相互作用产生的大气回波信号由接收望远镜42接收。如图1所示，其激光发射和大气回波 信号接收为收发分离式结构，其为优选方案，其也可以为收发同轴结构，发射和接收共用一个望远镜。
根据本公开实施例，滤波单元20还包括：环形器26，环形器26与激光发射和接收单元40以及回波信号探测单元50连接。
其中，由激光发射和接收单元40接收的大气回波信号经过环形器26后，经过第一光开关24的第二光通道进入滤波器21，经由滤波器21滤波后，分别得到透射信号和反射信号，透射信号经过第二光开关25的第二光通道后，进入回波信号探测单元50，反射信号经过第一光开关24的第二光通道、环形器26后，进入回波信号探测单元50。
例如，大气回波信号经环形器26后，经第一光开关24的第二光通道(例如为第一光开关24的3-2通道)后进入第二滤波器22和第三滤波器23，其中透射信号经第二光开关25的第二光通道(例如为第二光开关25的1-4通道)进入回波信号探测单元50。而大气回波信号经第三滤波器23的反射信号，先后经第二滤波器22和第一光开关24的第二光通道(例如为第一光开关24的2-3通道)后进入回波信号探测单元50。
根据本公开实施例，回波信号探测单元50用于探测透射信号和反射信号。
其中，回波信号探测单元50单元为单光子探测器，其包括但不限于超导纳米线单光子探测器、频率上转换单光子探测器和InGaAs(铟镓砷)单光子探测器。
具体地，当回波信号探测单元50为超导纳米线单光子探测器时，其可以包括制冷制备和超导芯片51、电脉冲信号放大单元52和电脉冲信号甄别单元53。其中，制冷制备和超导芯片51用于将单光子信号转为电脉冲信号，电脉冲信号放大单元52用于对电脉冲信号进行放大，电脉冲信号甄别单元53用于甄别超过一定阈值的电脉冲信号。
根据本公开实施例，信号采集和处理单元60，用于采集由回波信号探测单元50探测到的透射信号和反射信号，并测量透射信号和反射信号的强度变化，反演获得大气风速信息。
具体地，信号采集和处理单元60包括：采集卡61和处理器62。采集卡61用于采集由回波信号探测单元50探测到的透射信号和反射信号。处理器62(例如计算机)用于测量由采集卡61采集的透射信号和反射信号的信号强度，反演获得大气风速信息。
图2示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的激光雷达的工作时序图。
如图2所示，种子激光脉冲和大气回波信号的选通由第一光开关24和第二光开关25完成，即，脉冲激光线经第一光开关24的1-2通道和第二光开关25的1-2通道入射到大气中，然后通过调节输入给光开关的电信号的电平，使得第一光开关24的1-2通道和第二光开关25的1-2通道关闭，进而开启第一光开关24的3-2通道和第二光开关25的1-4通道，完成大气回波信号的滤波。激光频移器31将种子激光脉冲频率移至第三滤波器23透过率曲线的半高处。通过信号采集，分别获得大气回波信号经第三滤波器23的透射信号和反射信号，如图2所示。
图3示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的激光雷达的直接探测测风原理示意图。
请参见图3所示，由于发射激光和回波信号共用一个滤波器，法布里-帕罗干涉仪(FPI)光谱和激光光谱具有同一线型，由于法布里-帕罗干涉仪的线型为洛伦兹线型，两个洛伦兹函数的卷积仍为洛伦兹线型，宽度为两个洛伦兹函数宽度之和。因此大气回波信号和法布里-帕罗干涉仪的卷积仍为洛伦兹线型，但是宽度增大了一倍，其大气回波信号经法布里-帕罗干涉仪的透射谱和反射谱如图3(b)所示。通过采用激光频移器(AOM)对发射激光频率进行频移，例如将激光频率锁定在了图3(b)所示曲线的半高处。
本公开的核心模块为滤波模块20，通过第一光开关24和第二光开关25选通的方式，从而实现发射激光和大气回波信号经过同一滤波器21，从而实现宽谱光源。为了提取大气回波信号的频移，实现大气风场的探测，发射激光经激光频移器31频移至滤波器21的边缘，当回波信号的频率发生改变时，将引起大气回波信号经滤波器21上的透 射信号和反射信号强度发生变化，一个增强，另外一个降低，大气风速信息通过这个强度信息进行提取。
本发明公开了一种基于宽谱光源的直接探测测风激光雷达。该发明采用两个光开关选通的方式，使发射激光和大气回波信号共用一个滤波器，实现基于宽谱光源的直接探测测风激光雷达。该发明为提高测风的灵敏度，提出采用频移器将发射激光频率移至滤波器的边缘上。当大气回波信号发射多普勒频移时，将引起大气回波信号经滤波器上的透射信号和反射信号强度发生变化，一个增强，另外一个降低，大气风速信息通过这个强度变化信息提取。由于发射激光和大气回波信号在毫秒甚至微秒量级的时间内通过滤波器，因此本发明具有如下优势，首先，该直接探测测风激光雷达对激光器和滤波器的频率漂移不敏感；其次，不需采用窄线宽单频激光器，宽谱光源可提高发射激光功率，降低激光器成本；最后，不需要参考激光，简化了光路。
本公开提出的一种基于宽谱光源的直接探测测风激光雷达具有如下有益效果：
(1)本公开采用宽谱激光二器，降低了激光雷达对激光器窄线宽的要求，宽谱激光可提高激光发射功率，降低激光器的成本。
(2)本公开提出发射激光和大气回波信号共用一个滤波器的方案，通过激光频移器将发射激光锁定在法布里-帕罗干涉仪和大气回波信号卷积后光谱的半高处，由于发射激光和大气回波信号在微秒量级的时间内通过法布里-帕罗干涉仪，在这个时间尺度内法布里-帕罗干涉仪漂移量可忽略不计，降低了直接探测测风激光雷达对法布里-帕罗干涉仪稳定性的要求。
(3)本公开提出发射激光和大气回波信号共用一个滤波器的方案，由于发射激光相对于法布里-帕罗干涉仪的位置可通过激光频移器控制，因此，这省去了传统直接探测测风激光雷达的参考光，简化了光路。
本领域技术人员可以理解，本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合或/或结合，即使这样的组合或结合没有明确 记载于本公开中。特别地，在不脱离本公开精神和教导的情况下，本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合和/或结合。所有这些组合和/或结合均落入本公开的范围。
尽管已经参照本公开的特定示例性实施例示出并描述了本公开，但是本领域技术人员应该理解，在不背离所附权利要求及其等同物限定的本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以对本公开进行形式和细节上的多种改变。因此，本公开的范围不应该限于上述实施例，而是应该不仅由所附权利要求来进行确定，还由所附权利要求的等同物来进行限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，包括：
    种子激光脉冲产生单元(10)，用于产生种子激光脉冲；
    滤波单元(20)，包括滤波器(21)，所述滤波器(21)用于对产生的种子激光脉冲进行滤波；
    激光频移和放大单元(30)，用于接收经由所述滤波单元(20)滤波后的已滤波种子激光脉冲，并对所述已滤波种子激光脉冲进行频移和放大；
    激光发射和接收单元(40)，用于接收经由所述激光频移和放大单元(30)频移和放大后的已频移和放大的种子激光脉冲，并将所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲发射至大气中；所述激光发射和接收单元(40)还用于接收所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲与大气相互作用后形成的大气回波信号；
    其中，经由所述激光发射和接收单元(40)接收的所述大气回波信号经由所述滤波器(21)滤波后，分别得到透射信号和反射信号，这两个信号对大气多普勒频移敏感，通过测量所述透射信号和反射信号的强度变化可反演获得大气风速信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，还包括：
    回波信号探测单元(50)，用于探测所述透射信号和所述反射信号；
    信号采集和处理单元(60)，用于采集由回波信号探测单元(50)探测到的所述透射信号和所述反射信号，并测量所述透射信号和所述反射信号的强度变化，反演获得大气风速信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述滤波单元(20)还包括：
    第一光开关(24)和第二光开关(25)，通过所述第一光开关(24)和所述第二光开关(25)的选通方式使所述种子激光脉冲和所述大气回波信号分时经过所述滤波器(21)，
    其中，所述第一光开关(24)与所述种子激光脉冲产生单元(10)连接，所述第二光开关(25)与所述激光频移和放大单元(30)以及所述回波信号探测单元(50)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述种子激光脉冲经过所述第一光开关(24)的第一光通道后，入射到所述滤波器(21)，所述滤波器(21)对所述种子激光脉冲进行滤波，得到所述已滤波种子激光脉冲，所述已滤波种子激光脉冲入射到所述第二光开关(25)的第一光通道，进而输入至激光频移和放大单元(30)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中：
    所述滤波单元(20)还包括：环形器(26)，所述环形器(26)与所述激光发射和接收单元(40)以及回波信号探测单元(50)连接，
    其中，由所述激光发射和接收单元(40)接收的大气回波信号经过所述环形器(26)后，经过所述第一光开关(24)的第二光通道进入所述滤波器(21)，经由所述滤波器(21)滤波后，分别得到透射信号和反射信号；所述透射信号经过所述第二光开关(25)的第二光通道后，进入所述回波信号探测单元(50)；所述反射信号经过所述第一光开关(24)的第二光通道、所述环形器(26)后，进入所述回波信号探测单元(50)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述种子激光脉冲单元(10)包括：
    种子激光器(11)，用于产生种子激光；
    脉冲发生器(12)，与所述种子激光器(11)连接，用于接收所述种子激光，并基于所述种子激光生成脉冲激光；
    第一滤波器(13)，与所述脉冲发生器(12)连接，并对所述脉冲激光进行滤波形成所述种子激光脉冲。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述滤波器(21)包括第二滤波器(22)和第三滤波器(23)，所述第二滤波器(22)和所述第三滤波器(23)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述激光频移和放大单元(30)包括：
    激光频移器(31)，与所述滤波单元(20)连接，用于接收来自所述滤波单元(20)的已滤波种子激光脉冲，并对所述已滤波种子激光脉冲进行频移；
    延时光纤(32)，与所述激光频移器(31)连接，用于接收来自激光频移器(31)的已频移种子激光脉冲，并对已频移种子激光脉冲进行延时，从而使所述大气回波信号与所述种子激光脉冲在时域上分开；
    光纤放大器(33)，与所述延时光纤(32)以及所述激光发射和接收单元(40)连接，用于接收来自延时光纤(32)的已延时种子激光脉冲，并对已延时种子激光脉冲进行放大得到所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲，并将所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲输入所述激光发射和接收单元(40)。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述信号采集和处理单元(60)包括：
    采集卡(61)，用于采集由回波信号探测单元(50)探测到的所述透射信号和所述反射信号；
    处理器(62)，测量由所述采集卡(61)采集的所述透射信号和所述反射信号的强度变化，反演获得大气风速信息。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的基于宽谱光源的测风激光雷达，其中，所述激光发射和接收单元(40)包括：
    发射望远镜(41)，用于将来自所述激光频移和放大单元(30)的所述已频移和放大种子激光脉冲发射至大气中；
    接收望远镜(42)，用于接收来自大气的所述大气回波信号，并将所述大气回波信号输入所述滤波单元(20)。
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