WO2020199289A1 - 车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法 - Google Patents

车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020199289A1
WO2020199289A1 PCT/CN2019/084650 CN2019084650W WO2020199289A1 WO 2020199289 A1 WO2020199289 A1 WO 2020199289A1 CN 2019084650 W CN2019084650 W CN 2019084650W WO 2020199289 A1 WO2020199289 A1 WO 2020199289A1
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rock
module
mineral
tunnel
vehicle
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PCT/CN2019/084650
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李术才
许振浩
余腾飞
谢辉辉
石恒
王文扬
林鹏
潘东东
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山东大学
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Priority to AU2019438696A priority Critical patent/AU2019438696B2/en
Publication of WO2020199289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199289A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G01N23/20008—Constructional details of analysers, e.g. characterised by X-ray source, detector or optical system; Accessories therefor; Preparing specimens therefor
    • G01N23/2005—Preparation of powder samples therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G01N23/2055—Analysing diffraction patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G01N23/207—Diffractometry using detectors, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
    • G01N23/2076—Diffractometry using detectors, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions for spectrometry, i.e. using an analysing crystal, e.g. for measuring X-ray fluorescence spectrum of a sample with wavelength-dispersion, i.e. WDXFS
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
    • G01N2223/056—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
    • G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
    • G01N2223/1016—X-ray

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of tunnel vehicle-mounted advanced geological prediction, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted lithology and poor geological precursor feature identification system and method.
  • the present disclosure proposes a vehicle-mounted lithology and poor geological precursor feature identification system and method.
  • the present disclosure can obtain tunnel face lithology and poor geological precursor feature information, mainly including rock feature minerals and element content
  • the law of change can be used to predict the type of bad geological bodies in front of the hand.
  • the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a vehicle-mounted lithology and unfavorable geological precursor feature identification system including a vehicle.
  • the vehicle is provided with a navigation and positioning module, a rock element testing module, a rock sampling module, an automatic rock sample grinding module, a rock and mineral testing module, and control and data Analysis module, where:
  • the navigation and positioning module is fixed at the front end of the vehicle and is configured to control the distance and speed of the carrying vehicle, and realize automatic navigation and positioning according to different test positions in the tunnel;
  • the rock element test module includes a rotatable support and an X-ray fluorescence spectrum analyzer set on the support to test the rock element and its percentage content;
  • the rock sampling module includes a sampling drilling rig and a retractable rotating support frame to obtain rock samples in the adverse geologically affected area of the tunnel.
  • the retractable rotating support frame can adjust the position of the rock sample and automatically send the rock sample into the grinding module;
  • the automatic rock sample grinding module grinds the rock sample, and the ground rock sample enters the rock mineral testing module for mineral testing;
  • the rock and mineral testing module includes an X-ray diffraction analyzer, which is used to test the law of enrichment of rock and minerals in the adverse geologically affected zone of the tunnel, and the test result is an X-ray diffraction pattern;
  • the control and data analysis module receives the rock element test module and the rock mineral test module, performs fitting analysis on the X-ray diffraction pattern, obtains the mineral name and its percentage content, and combines the element name and percentage content measured by the rock element test module, Therefore, the law of enrichment of elements and minerals in the adverse geologically affected zone of the tunnel can be obtained.
  • the present disclosure uses a vehicle-mounted method to walk arbitrarily in the project, and utilizes the coordination between various parts to quickly collect the rock element and mineral enrichment characteristics of the zone affected by the bad geological body of the tunnel, and perform intelligent analysis.
  • the rotatable support of the rock element testing module is a telescopic structure
  • an element analyzer is provided on the top of the telescopic structure, which is set on the top of the vehicle to test the law of the enrichment of rock elements in the adverse geologically affected zone of the tunnel.
  • the test result is the element name and its percentage content, and the test data is transmitted to the control and data analysis module through the signal transmission line.
  • the retractable rotating support is fixed on the top of the carrying vehicle and used to obtain rock samples in the adverse geologically affected area of the tunnel.
  • the collected rock samples can be automatically sent to the grinding module by adjusting the position of the retractable rotating support in.
  • the automatic rock sample grinding module includes a grinder and a glass funnel, controlled by the control and data analysis module, the rock sample is automatically ground to 200 meshes by the grinder, and a valve plate door is installed at the bottom of the grinder. Connect the glass funnel, open the valve plate door, and the ground rock sample enters the rock and mineral testing module through the glass funnel for mineral testing.
  • the rock and mineral testing module includes an X-ray diffraction analyzer, which is used to test the law of rock and mineral enrichment changes in the adverse geologically affected zone of the tunnel.
  • the test result is an X-ray diffraction pattern, and the test data is transmitted to the control and Data analysis module.
  • control and data analysis module uses the Rietveld method based on the least square method to fit and analyze the X-ray diffraction pattern to obtain the mineral name and its percentage content, combined with the element name and percentage measured by the rock element test module The content of elements and minerals in the adverse geologically affected zone of the tunnel can be obtained.
  • control and data analysis module stores a database of typical bad geological elements and mineral enrichment characteristics, which can realize real-time supplement and dynamic update of the database.
  • the working method based on the above system includes the following steps:
  • test data includes the element name and its percentage content.
  • the test result will be Automatic entry into the control and data analysis module;
  • the matching method includes the following three aspects:
  • the present disclosure can quickly collect the rock element and mineral enrichment characteristics of the adverse geological body affected area of the tunnel, and perform intelligent analysis;
  • the present disclosure can supplement and store element and mineral enrichment change law data in the adverse geological body affected area of the tunnel, and realize the dynamic update of the database.
  • the present disclosure can realize the digitization and three-dimensionalization of surface borehole cataloging and the lithology, element and mineral enrichment characteristics of the adverse geological body affected area in the tunnel.
  • This disclosure uses the acquisition of stratum lithology, topography, geomorphology, geological structure, bad geological phenomenon and hydrogeological conditions in the tunnel site area, and the obtained lithology, element and mineral enrichment change rules and data information of the adverse geological body affected area in the tunnel Comparison and verification can ensure the accuracy of the results, and can also modify the processing process based on the verification results.
  • the present disclosure is based on the Rietveld method of the least square method.
  • the theoretically calculated diffraction intensity data is fitted with a certain diffraction peak function curve and the experimental intensity data until the difference between the two reaches a minimum.
  • This method can overcome the disadvantages of overlapping powder diffraction lines and less diffraction data, separate overlapping peaks in the diffraction pattern, and significantly improve the accuracy of the analysis of rock powder mineral content.
  • the vehicle-mounted lithology and poor geological precursor feature identification method proposed in the present disclosure comprehensively considers the rock element and mineral content information to obtain the corresponding relationship between rock elements and minerals, lithology and poor geological precursor features, and overcome the single Elemental or mineral information is not enough to effectively distinguish the difficulty of lithology and poor geological precursor characteristics, so as to achieve high-accuracy identification of lithology and poor geology.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle-mounted advanced geological prediction system of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the disclosed advanced geological prediction method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the testing process of the advanced geological prediction method disclosed herein.
  • azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element in the present disclosure. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure and cannot be understood as a reference to the present Disclosure restrictions.
  • the present disclosure provides a vehicle-mounted lithology and poor geological precursor feature identification system and method.
  • the rock sample sampling module and the grinding module can automatically grind the samples required for the test.
  • the rock element test module and the rock mineral test module can test the rock element and mineral content.
  • the control and data analysis module compares the inside and outside of the tunnel
  • the element and mineral enrichment law in the adverse geologically affected area is matched with the element and mineral enrichment feature database of typical unfavorable geological bodies, and the lithological changes and the occurrence characteristics of unfavorable geological bodies are forecasted.
  • the invention also discloses a method of using the identification system.
  • the invention can be used for tunnel advanced geological forecasting.
  • the vehicle-mounted advanced geological forecasting system can quickly collect and intelligently analyze the characteristics of rock elements and mineral enrichment, and can realize surface drilling and logging and the lithology and elements of the adverse geological body affected area in the tunnel And the digitization, three-dimensional and dynamic update of mineral enrichment features.
  • the vehicle-mounted lithology and poor geological precursor feature recognition system includes a carrying vehicle 1, a navigation and positioning module 2, a rock element testing module 3, a retractable rotating support 4, a rock sampling module 5, and a rock sample Automatic grinding module 6, glass funnel 7, rock and mineral testing module 8, control and data analysis module 9, valve plate door 10 and signal transmission line 11.
  • the load-bearing vehicle 1 is a vehicle with a running mechanism, and an existing forecast vehicle can be used, which will not be repeated here.
  • Navigation and positioning module 2 fixed at the front of the carrying vehicle, used to control the distance and speed of the carrying vehicle, and can realize automatic navigation and positioning according to different test positions in the tunnel;
  • the rock element test module includes the X fluorescence spectrum analyzer 3 and the retractable rotating support 4.
  • the X fluorescence spectrum analyzer is fixed on the retractable rotating support, and the retractable rotating support is fixed on the top of the carrying vehicle, which is used to test the bad geology of the tunnel.
  • the change law of the enrichment of rock elements in the affected area, the test result is the element name and its percentage content, and the test data is transmitted to the control and data analysis module through the signal transmission line 11;
  • the rock sampling module includes a sampling rig 5 and a retractable rotating support 4.
  • the sampling rig is fixed on the retractable rotating support, and the retractable rotating support is fixed on the top of the carrying vehicle to obtain rock samples in the adverse geologically affected area of the tunnel.
  • the rock sample can be automatically sent to the grinding module by adjusting the position of the retractable rotating support;
  • the automatic rock sample grinding module includes a grinder 6 and a glass funnel 7, which are controlled by the control and data analysis module and can automatically grind the rock sample to 200 meshes.
  • a valve plate door 10 is installed at the bottom of the rock sample grinding module and connected to the glass funnel to open the valve. Panel door, the ground rock sample can enter the rock and mineral testing module through the glass funnel for mineral testing;
  • the rock and mineral testing module 8 includes an X-ray diffraction analyzer, which is used to test the law of rock and mineral enrichment changes in the adverse geologically affected area of the tunnel.
  • the test result is an X-ray diffraction pattern, and the test data is transmitted to the control and data analysis module through the signal transmission line;
  • the control and data analysis module 9 uses the Rietveld method based on the least square method to fit and analyze the X-ray diffraction pattern to obtain the mineral name and its percentage content, and combine the element name and percentage content measured by the rock element test module to obtain the tunnel Elements and mineral enrichment changes in adverse geologically affected areas.
  • This module stores a database of typical elements and mineral enrichment characteristics of adverse geological bodies, and this module has a storage function that can realize real-time supplementation and dynamic update of the database.
  • the vehicle-mounted lithology and poor geological precursor feature identification method includes the following steps:
  • test vehicle is parked at a distance L behind the tunnel face of the tunnel axis, and the rock element test module is activated.
  • the telescopic rotating support places the element analyzer close to the measuring point of the vault to perform rock element information.
  • Test the test time is about 1min, the test data includes the element name and its percentage content, the test result will be automatically entered into the control and data analysis module;
  • the test time is about 5 minutes
  • the test result is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the rock sample.
  • the control and data analysis module analyzes the X-ray diffraction pattern by the Rietveld method based on the least square method to obtain The name of the main mineral of the rock sample and its percentage content;
  • the control and data analysis module compares and verifies the lithology, element and mineral enrichment changes in the area affected by the bad geological body in the tunnel in step (6) and step (1) the engineering geological survey results, and compares and verifies them with typical bad geology Body elements and mineral enrichment feature databases are matched;
  • the matching method in step (7) includes the following three aspects:
  • the content of some or all of the clay minerals in illite, chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, Imonite, etc. will gradually increase, while the quartz and feldspar in the surrounding rock of the tunnel will gradually increase.
  • the content of main minerals decreases correspondingly, corresponding to the gradual increase of the content of elements such as Mg, P, Fe, Mn, and the corresponding decrease of the content of elements such as Na, Si, K, etc., there may be a fault fracture zone in front of the tunnel face, which corresponds to the content of minerals or elements.
  • the greater the amount of change the stronger the activity of the fault fracture zone, and the greater the range of its influence on the upper and lower walls;
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present disclosure may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present disclosure may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in a flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and/or a block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

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Abstract

一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法，利用车辆（1）承载有导航定位模块（2）、岩石元素测试模块（3）、岩石取样模块（5）、岩样自动研磨模块（6）、岩石矿物测试模块（8）和控制与数据分析模块（9），岩石试样取样模块（5）和研磨模块（6）可自动研磨出测试所需试样，岩石元素测试模块（3）和岩石矿物测试模块（8）可对岩石元素和矿物含量进行测试，控制与数据分析模块（9）通过对比隧道洞内和洞外不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集规律，并和典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库相匹配，预报掌子面前方岩性变化与不良地质体赋存特征。

Description

车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法 技术领域
本公开涉及隧道车载式超前地质预报技术领域，具体涉及一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
深埋特长隧道修建过程中常遭遇大规模突水突泥灾害，隧道突水突泥灾害的发生常与地层岩性和断层破碎带、蚀变带、岩溶等不良地质体相关，地层岩性和不良地质体的赋存特征很大程度上决定了隧道突水突泥灾害的特性和规模，因此准确识别地层岩性和不良地质体的赋存特征是准确开展针对性超前地质预报的前提。据发明人了解，传统超前地质预报方法对隧道内地层岩性识别往往依赖前期钻探勘察成果，而勘察资料和隧道开挖实际揭露情况有较大差别，进而造成超前地质预报精度不够。
发明内容
本公开为了解决上述问题，提出了一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法，本公开能够获取隧道掌子面岩性和不良地质前兆特征信息，主要包括岩石特征矿物和元素含量变化规律，从而对掌子面前方不良地质体的类型进行预报。
根据一些实施例，本公开采用如下技术方案：
一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，包括车辆，所述车辆上设置有导航定位模块、岩石元素测试模块、岩石取样模块、岩样自动研磨模块、岩石矿物测试模块和控制与数据分析模块，其中：
所述导航定位模块固定在车辆的前端，被配置为控制承载车辆行进的距离和速度，并根据隧道内测试位置的不同实现自动导航与定位；
所述岩石元素测试模块包括可旋转支架，以及设置在所述支架上的X荧光光谱分析仪，以测试岩石元素及其百分比含量；
所述岩石取样模块包括取样钻机、可伸缩式旋转支撑架，以获取隧道不良地质影响区岩样，可伸缩式旋转支撑架可以调整岩样的位置，将岩样自动送入研磨模块中；
所述岩样自动研磨模块对岩样进行研磨，研磨后的岩石试样进入岩石矿物测试模块进行矿物测试；
所述岩石矿物测试模块包括X射线衍射分析仪，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石矿物富集变化规律，测试结果为X射线衍射图谱；
所述控制与数据分析模块接收岩石元素测试模块和岩石矿物测试模块，对X射线衍射图谱进行拟合分析，得到矿物名称及其百分比含量，结合岩石元素测试模块测得的元素名称及百分比含量，从而得出隧道不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集变化规律。
本公开利用车载方式，可以在工程中任意行走，且利用各部分之间的配合，可以快捷采集隧道不良地质体影响区岩石元素和矿物富集特征，并进行智能化分析。
作为进一步的限定，所述岩石元素测试模块的可旋转支架为可伸缩结构，可伸缩结构顶端设置有元素分析仪，设置于车辆顶端，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石元素富集变化规律，测试结果为元素名称及其百分比含量，测试数据通过信号传输线传输至控制与数据分析模块中。
作为进一步的限定，所述可伸缩式旋转支撑固定在承载车辆顶端，用于获取隧道不良地质影响区岩样，采集的岩样可通过可伸缩式旋转支撑调整位置将岩样自动送入研磨模块中。
作为进一步的限定，所述岩样自动研磨模块包括研磨机和玻璃漏斗，由控制与数据分析模块控制，利用研磨机将岩样自动研磨至200目，所述研磨机底部安装有阀板门，并连接玻璃漏斗，打开阀板门，研磨好的岩石试样通过玻璃漏斗进入岩石矿物测试模块进行矿物测试。
作为进一步的限定，所述岩石矿物测试模块包括X射线衍射分析仪，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石矿物富集变化规律，测试结果为X射线衍射图谱，测试数据通过信号传输线传输至控制与数据分析模块中。
作为进一步的限定，所述控制与数据分析模块通过基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法对X射线衍射图谱进行拟合分析，得到矿物名称及其百分比含量，结合岩石元素测试模块测得的元素名称及百分比含量，从而得出隧道不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集变化规律。
作为进一步的限定，所述控制与数据分析模块存储有典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库，能够实现数据库实时补充和动态更新。
基于上述系统的工作方法，包括以下步骤：
控制车辆停在隧道轴线掌子面后方距离L处，启动岩石元素测试模块，将元素分析仪紧贴拱顶测点，进行岩石元素信息测试，测试数据包括元素名称及其百分比含量，测试结果将自动录入控制与数据分析模块中；
升降取样钻机，对拱顶测点进行取样，取得的岩样进入岩样自动研磨模块；
将岩样研磨均匀至设定目，岩石试样粉末传送至岩样矿物测试模块进行矿物含量测试；
测试岩石试样粉末的X射线衍射图谱，基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法对X射线衍射图谱进行分析，从而得到该处岩样的主要矿物名称及其百分比含量；
承载车向前行驶距离S，其中L＝n*S，n为大于1的整数，重复上述步骤，直至车辆等间距行驶至隧道掌子面处，从而得到隧道洞内不良地质体影响区各元素和矿物富集变化规律，实现对掌子面前方不良地质体的超前预报。
作为进一步的限定，获取隧址区地层岩性、地形地貌、地质构造、不良地质现象和水文地质条件资料，将得到的隧洞内不良地质体影响区岩性、元素和矿物富集变化规律与资料信息进行对比、验证，并和典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库相匹配。
作为进一步的限定，匹配方法包括以下三个方面：
1)若越趋近隧道掌子面，部分或全部黏土矿物含量逐渐增加，隧道围岩中石英和长石主要矿物的含量相应减少，隧道掌子面前方可能存在断层破碎带，对应矿物或元素含量的变化量越大，断层破碎带活动性越强，其在上下盘的影响范围越大；
2)若越趋近隧道掌子面，矿物的含量明显增加，对元素含量逐渐增加，则 隧道掌子面前方可能存在蚀变带，对应矿物或元素含量的变化量越大，蚀变作用越强烈，且其影响范围也越大；
3)在可溶岩地区，若越趋近隧道掌子面，岩石中方解石、白云石、菱铁矿或菱锰矿矿物的百分含量减少，对应元素含量也相应减少，表明该处发生较强的水岩相互作用-溶滤作用，则隧道掌子面前方可能含有岩溶。
与现有技术相比，本公开的有益效果为：
本公开可快捷采集隧道不良地质体影响区岩石元素和矿物富集特征，并进行智能化分析；
本公开可补充存储隧道不良地质体影响区元素和矿物富集变化规律数据，实现数据库的动态更新。
本公开可以实现地表钻孔编录和隧道洞内不良地质体影响区岩性、元素和矿物富集特征的数字化、立体化。
本公开利用获取隧址区地层岩性、地形地貌、地质构造、不良地质现象和水文地质条件资料，将得到的隧洞内不良地质体影响区岩性、元素和矿物富集变化规律与资料信息进行对比、验证，可以保证结果的准确性，也可以根据验证结果修正处理过程。
本公开基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法，通过不断调整峰形参数和结构参数，将理论计算所得衍射强度数据以一定的衍射峰函数曲线与实验强度数据拟合，直到两者的差值达到最小。该方法可克服粉末衍射线重叠、衍射数据少的弊端，使衍射图谱中的重叠峰分离，进而显著提高岩石粉末矿物含量分析的准确度。
本公开提出的车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别方法，通过综合考虑岩石元素与矿物含量信息，可得出岩石元素及矿物与岩性、不良地质前兆特征之间的对应关系，克服单一的元素或矿物信息不足以有效判别岩性与不良地质前兆特征的困难，从而实现岩性与不良地质的高准确率识别。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是本公开的车载式超前地质预报系统结构示意图；
图2为本公开的超前地质预报方法流程图；
图3为本公开的超前地质预报方法测试过程示意图。
其中1.承载车辆、2.导航定位模块、3.岩石元素测试模块、4.可伸缩式旋转支撑、5.岩石取样模块、6.岩样自动研磨模块、7.玻璃漏斗、8.岩石矿物测试模块、9.控制与数据分析模块、10.阀板门、11.信号传输线。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图与实施例对本公开作进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、 组件和/或它们的组合。
在本公开中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
本公开中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以是固定连接，也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
本公开提供一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统及方法。利用测试车辆前部搭载导航定位模块，控制测试车的行驶方向和距离，可根据需求自动导航与定位。岩石试样取样模块和研磨模块可自动研磨出测试所需试样，岩石元素测试模块和岩石矿物测试模块可对岩石元素和矿物含量进行测试，控制与数据分析模块通过对比隧道洞内和洞外不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集规律，并和典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库相匹配，预报掌子面前方岩性变化与不良地质体赋存特征。同时本发明还公开了所述识别系统的使用方法。本发明可用于隧道超前地质预报，该车载式超前地质预报系统可快捷采集和智能化分析岩石元素和矿物富集特征，可实现地表钻孔编录和隧道洞内不良地质体影响区岩性、元素和矿物富集特征的数字化、立体化和动态更新。
具体的，如图1所示，车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统包括承载车辆1、导航定位模块2、岩石元素测试模块3、可伸缩式旋转支撑4、岩石取 样模块5、岩样自动研磨模块6、玻璃漏斗7、岩石矿物测试模块8、控制与数据分析模块9、阀板门10和信号传输线11。
其中，所述承载车辆1为具有行走机构的车辆，使用现有的预报车即可，在此不再赘述。
导航定位模块2，固定在承载车前部，用于控制承载车辆行进的距离和速度，并可根据隧道内测试位置的不同实现自动导航与定位；
岩石元素测试模块包括X荧光光谱分析仪3和可伸缩式旋转支撑4，X荧光光谱分析仪固定在可伸缩式旋转支撑上，可伸缩式旋转支撑固定在承载车辆顶端，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石元素富集变化规律，测试结果为元素名称及其百分比含量，测试数据通过信号传输线11传输至控制与数据分析模块中；
岩石取样模块包括取样钻机5、可伸缩式旋转支撑4，取样钻机固定在可伸缩式旋转支撑上，可伸缩式旋转支撑固定在承载车辆顶端，用于获取隧道不良地质影响区岩样，采集的岩样可通过可伸缩式旋转支撑调整位置将岩样自动送入研磨模块中；
岩样自动研磨模块包括研磨机6、玻璃漏斗7，由控制与数据分析模块控制，可自动研磨岩样至200目，岩样研磨模块底部安装有阀板门10，并连接玻璃漏斗，打开阀板门，研磨好的岩石试样可通过玻璃漏斗进入岩石矿物测试模块进行矿物测试；
岩石矿物测试模块8包括X射线衍射分析仪，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石矿物富集变化规律，测试结果为X射线衍射图谱，测试数据通过信号传输线传输至控制与数据分析模块中；
控制与数据分析模块9通过基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法对X射线衍射图谱进行拟合分析，得到矿物名称及其百分比含量，结合岩石元素测试模块测得的元素名称及百分比含量，从而得出隧道不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集变化规律，该模块存储有典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库，且该模块具有存储功能，可实现数据库实时补充和动态更新。
如图2所示，车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)开展隧址区地表露头和钻孔勘察，主要包括隧址区地层岩性、地形地貌、地质构造、不良地质现象和水文地质条件等资料，将该资料录入控制与数据分析模块中；
(2)如图3所示，将测试车停在隧道轴线掌子面后方距离L处，启动岩石元素测试模块，可伸缩旋转式支撑将元素分析仪紧贴拱顶测点，进行岩石元素信息测试，测试时间约1min，测试数据包括元素名称及其百分比含量，测试结果将自动录入控制与数据分析模块中；
(3)启动岩石取样模块，取样钻机通过可伸缩式旋转支撑对(2)中拱顶测点进行取样，取样质量约50g，取得的岩样通过钻机外部套管进入岩样自动研磨模块；
(4)启动岩样自动研磨模块，将(3)中的岩样研磨均匀至200目，打开自动研磨模块底部阀板门，并连接玻璃漏斗，打开阀板门，岩石试样粉末通过玻璃漏斗传送至岩样矿物测试模块进行矿物含量测试；
(5)启动岩石矿物测试模块，测试时间约5min，测试结果为该处岩样的X射线衍射图谱，控制与数据分析模块通过基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法对X 射线衍射图谱进行分析，从而得到该处岩样的主要矿物名称及其百分比含量；
(6)如图3所示，启动导航定位模块，承载车向前行驶距离S(其中L＝n*S，n为大于1的整数)，重复以上(2)～(5)步骤，直至测试车等间距(S)行驶至隧道掌子面处，从而得到隧道洞内不良地质体影响区(L)岩性、元素和矿物富集变化规律，该变化规律将及时自动保存至数据控制与分析系统中；
(7)控制与数据分析模块通过将步骤(6)中隧洞内不良地质体影响区岩性、元素和矿物富集变化规律和步骤(1)工程地质勘察成果对比、验证，并和典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库相匹配；
步骤(7)中匹配方法包括以下三个方面：
1)若越趋近隧道掌子面，伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石、蒙脱石、伊蒙混层等中的部分或全部黏土矿物含量逐渐增加，而隧道围岩中石英和长石主要矿物的含量相应减少，对应Mg、P、Fe、Mn等元素含量逐渐增加，Na、Si、K等元素含量相应减少，则隧道掌子面前方可能存在断层破碎带，对应矿物或元素含量的变化量越大，断层破碎带活动性越强，其在上下盘的影响范围越大；
2)若越趋近隧道掌子面，黑云母、绢云母、绿帘石、绿泥石、碳酸盐等矿物的含量明显增加，对应Fe、Mg等元素含量逐渐增加，而Na、Si等元素含量逐渐减少，则隧道掌子面前方可能存在蚀变带，对应矿物或元素含量的变化量越大，蚀变作用越强烈，且其影响范围也越大；
3)在可溶岩地区，若越趋近隧道掌子面，岩石中方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、菱锰矿等矿物的百分含量减少，对应Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn等元素含量也相应减少，表明该处发生较强的水岩相互作用-溶滤作用，则隧道掌子面前方可能含有岩溶。
(8)最终实现对掌子面前方不良地质体的超前预报。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本公开的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本公开可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本公开可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本公开是参照根据本公开实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本公开保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本公开的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，包括车辆，其特征是：所述车辆上设置有导航定位模块、岩石元素测试模块、岩石取样模块、岩样自动研磨模块、岩石矿物测试模块和控制与数据分析模块，其中：
    所述导航定位模块固定在车辆的前端，被配置为控制承载车辆行进的距离和速度，并根据隧道内测试位置的不同实现自动导航与定位；
    所述岩石元素测试模块包括可旋转支架，以及设置在所述支架上的X荧光光谱分析仪，以测试岩石元素及其百分比含量；
    所述岩石取样模块包括取样钻机、可伸缩式旋转支撑架，以获取隧道不良地质影响区岩样，可伸缩式旋转支撑架可以调整岩样的位置，将岩样自动送入研磨模块中；
    所述岩样自动研磨模块对岩样进行研磨，研磨后的岩石试样进入岩石矿物测试模块进行矿物测试；
    所述岩石矿物测试模块包括X射线衍射分析仪，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石矿物富集变化规律，测试结果为X射线衍射图谱；
    所述控制与数据分析模块接收岩石元素测试模块和岩石矿物测试模块，对X射线衍射图谱进行拟合分析，得到矿物名称及其百分比含量，结合岩石元素测试模块测得的元素名称及百分比含量，从而得出隧道不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集变化规律。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，其特征是：所述岩石元素测试模块的可旋转支架为可伸缩结构，可伸缩结构顶端设置有元素分析仪，设置于车辆顶端，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石元素 富集变化规律，测试结果为元素名称及其百分比含量，测试数据通过信号传输线传输至控制与数据分析模块中。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，其特征是：所述可伸缩式旋转支撑固定在承载车辆顶端，用于获取隧道不良地质影响区岩样，采集的岩样可通过可伸缩式旋转支撑调整位置将岩样自动送入研磨模块中。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，其特征是：所述岩样自动研磨模块包括研磨机和玻璃漏斗，由控制与数据分析模块控制，利用研磨机将岩样自动研磨至200目，所述研磨机底部安装有阀板门，并连接玻璃漏斗，打开阀板门，研磨好的岩石试样通过玻璃漏斗进入岩石矿物测试模块进行矿物测试。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，其特征是：所述岩石矿物测试模块包括X射线衍射分析仪，用于测试隧道不良地质影响区岩石矿物富集变化规律，测试结果为X射线衍射图谱，测试数据通过信号传输线传输至控制与数据分析模块中。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，其特征是：所述控制与数据分析模块通过基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法对X射线衍射图谱进行拟合分析，得到矿物名称及其百分比含量，结合岩石元素测试模块测得的元素名称及百分比含量，从而得出隧道不良地质影响区元素和矿物富集变化规律。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种车载式岩性与不良地质前兆特征识别系统，其 特征是：所述控制与数据分析模块存储有典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库，能够实现数据库实时补充和动态更新。
  8. 基于权利要求1-7中任一项所述的系统的工作方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
    控制车辆停在隧道轴线掌子面后方距离L处，启动岩石元素测试模块，将元素分析仪紧贴拱顶测点，进行岩石元素信息测试，测试数据包括元素名称及其百分比含量，测试结果将自动录入控制与数据分析模块中；
    升降取样钻机，对拱顶测点进行取样，取得的岩样进入岩样自动研磨模块；
    将岩样研磨均匀至设定目，岩石试样粉末传送至岩样矿物测试模块进行矿物含量测试；
    测试岩石试样粉末的X射线衍射图谱，基于最小二乘法的Rietveld方法对X射线衍射图谱进行分析，从而得到该处岩样的主要矿物名称及其百分比含量；
    承载车向前行驶距离S，其中L＝n*S，n为大于1的整数，重复上述步骤，直至车辆等间距行驶至隧道掌子面处，从而得到隧道洞内不良地质体影响区各元素和矿物富集变化规律，实现对掌子面前方不良地质体的超前预报。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的工作方法，其特征是：获取隧址区地层岩性、地形地貌、地质构造、不良地质现象和水文地质条件资料，将得到的隧洞内不良地质体影响区岩性、元素和矿物富集变化规律与资料信息进行对比、验证，并和典型不良地质体元素和矿物富集特征数据库相匹配。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的工作方法，其特征是：匹配方法包括以下三个方面：
    1)若越趋近隧道掌子面，部分或全部黏土矿物含量逐渐增加，隧道围岩中石英和长石主要矿物的含量相应减少，隧道掌子面前方可能存在断层破碎带，对应矿物或元素含量的变化量越大，断层破碎带活动性越强，其在上下盘的影响范围越大；
    2)若越趋近隧道掌子面，矿物的含量明显增加，对元素含量逐渐增加，则隧道掌子面前方可能存在蚀变带，对应矿物或元素含量的变化量越大，蚀变作用越强烈，且其影响范围也越大；
    3)在可溶岩地区，若越趋近隧道掌子面，岩石中方解石、白云石、菱铁矿或菱锰矿矿物的百分含量减少，对应元素含量也相应减少，表明该处发生较强的水岩相互作用-溶滤作用，则隧道掌子面前方可能含有岩溶。
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