WO2020198893A1

WO2020198893A1 - Concrete structure to deaden the effect of waves and to protect coastlines, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and the like against the adverse effect of waves and hydrodynamic water currents

Info

Publication number: WO2020198893A1
Application number: PCT/CL2019/050025
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aldo PESCE FRINGS
Original assignee: •Data53 Spa
Priority date: 2019-04-05
Filing date: 2019-04-05
Publication date: 2020-10-08
Also published as: CL2021002587A1

Abstract

A reinforced concrete structure for the protection of coastlines, ports, canals, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, sand-dunes, plantations and buildings against the possible damage caused by the force of currents and waves in water, comprising five spherical or polyhedral elements linked by four cylindrical or polygonal connecting bars orthogonally disposed within a virtual tetrahedral volume. With this disposition of the spheres or polyhedrons, whichever triangular side of the virtual tetrahedron is resting on the ground, it will always be resting on three spheres or polyhedrons, thus ensuring that the centre of mass, and consequently the stability of the item, is always optimal.

Description

CONCRETE UNIT TO CUSHION THE EFFECT OF

SURF AND PROTECT COASTS. BEACHES. LAKES. RESERVOIRS. PORTS AND OTHERS. OF THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF WAVES AND HYDRODYNAMIC CURRENTS OF WATER.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a concrete unit made up of four or five spheres or polyhedra and circumscribed in the volume of a virtual tetrahedron, to cushion the effect of waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others, from the adverse effect of the waves and hydrodynamic currents of the water. The set is formed by joining the spheres or polyhedra using cylindrical or polygonal connecting bars.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The waves that the wind originates in the sea, for example, when a strong breeze blows over the coast, approaches the coastline in mixed series of different wavelengths, directions and heights. The hydrodynamic waves and currents of the water bring with them a large amount of energy that must be dissipated to protect the coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others.

To dissipate this energy, in the prior art different types of concrete units have been created which are placed on the coastal edge one next to the other, in an orderly or disorderly manner, forming a line of defense that dissipates the energy of waves and hydrodynamic currents. When the waves hit the concrete units, they bounce generating vortexes which makes the waves lose energy.

In the state of the art, there have been attempts to provide a concrete unit that better dissipates the energy brought by waves and hydrodynamic currents. Document SU 802448 discloses a concrete unit, commercially known as "DOLO", whose block

(1) is made up of a central connecting bar (2) made up of a straight octagonal parallelepiped. At the ends of the central connecting bar (2) emerge a first projection (3) and a second projection (4) rotated 90 ^and with respect to each other. The first projection (3) is made up of a first straight pyramidal octagonal prism (3a) and a second straight pyramidal octagonal prism (3b), inverted with respect to the first, where said first straight pyramidal octagonal prism (3a) and Said second straight pyramidal truncated octagonal prism (3b) are joined by a polygonal central portion (3c) where the central connecting bar is spliced

(2), as shown in Figures 1 to 6.

US 5620280 discloses a concrete unit, commercially known as CORE-LOC. With reference to Figures 7 to 9, the concrete unit is constituted by a block (5) has a central elongated member (6) that has a longitudinal axis (7), wherein said central elongated member (6) is formed by a first straight pyramidal octagonal prism (6a) and by a second prism octagonal straight pyramidal trunk (6b), inverted with respect to the first, wherein said first octagonal straight pyramidal trunk prism (6a) and said second octagonal straight pyramidal trunk prism (6b) are joined by a polygonal central portion (6c). Centrally on each side of the central elongated member (6) emerge a first exterior elongated member (8) and second exterior elongated member (9), which are connected to the central elongated member (6) on their opposite central sides. The first and second outer elongated members (8, 9) have parallel longitudinal axes (10, 1 1) which extend normal to the longitudinal axis (7) of the central elongated member (6). The first and second elongated members (8, 9) may each have an octagonal cross section tapering from an intermediate portion toward opposite ends. When a plurality of blocks (5) are interlocked to define a protective matrix that extends along, for example, a beach, a high degree of wedging is provided between the octagonal members.

DOLOS and CORE-LOC are the types of concrete units most used to cushion the effect of waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others. Various types of concrete units formed by a central body, from which projections with different types of shapes emerge, are disclosed in documents CA 613390, US 3176468, US 3614866, US 3636713, US 4347017, US 5190403, US 2010104366 and US 2016017556 All these Concrete units have the disadvantage of having few faces that face the waves and hydrodynamic currents, with which the energy dissipation is quite impaired. Also, many of these concrete units have centers of gravity that are higher than desired, which can cause the blocks to slip when they are connected to each other.

The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, by providing a concrete unit that has the greatest number of faces that face the waves and hydrodynamic currents and, at the same time, has the lowest possible center of gravity, to prevent the blocks from slipping when they are joined together to form a row or coastal protection zone.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and constitute part of this description and show one of the preferred embodiments.

Figure 1 shows a front elevation view of a first concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as DOLO.

Figure 2 shows a left side view of a first concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as DOLO.

Figure 3 shows a top plan view of a first concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as DOLO.

Figure 4 shows a right side view of a first concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as DOLO.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a first concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as DOLO.

Figure 6 shows a right side view of a concrete unit to form a breakwater block of the prior art, known commercially as DOLO, where said unit is inclined resembling a DOLO resting on the seabed. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a second concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as CORE-LOC.

Figure 8 shows a top plan view of a second concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as CORE-LOC.

Figure 9 shows a front elevation view of a second concrete unit for forming a prior art breakwater block, commercially known as CORE-LOC.

Figure 10 shows a regular tetrahedron, in which the concrete unit of the present invention is circumscribed.

Figure 11 shows a regular tetrahedron circumscribed within a sphere, at the vertices of which are the spheres that form part of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 12 shows a regular tetrahedron with its geometric center, in which the concrete unit of the present invention is circumscribed.

Figure 13 shows a regular tetrahedron with its geometric center circumscribed within a sphere, at whose vertices and geometric center are the spheres that are part of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 14 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention. Figure 15 shows a right side view of a first embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention, where the unit is inclined showing the support on the seabed.

Figure 16 shows a front elevation view of a first embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 17 shows a left side view of a first embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 18 shows a top plan view of a first embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 19 shows a right side view of a first embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 20 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 21 shows a right side view of a second embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention, where the unit is inclined showing the support on the seabed.

Figure 22 shows a front elevation view of a second embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 23 shows a left side view of a second embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 24 shows a top plan view of a second embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention. Figure 25 shows a right side view of a second embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 26 shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 27 shows a right side view of a third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention, where the unit is inclined showing the support on the seabed.

Figure 28 shows a front elevation view of a third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 29 shows a left side view of a third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 30 shows a top plan view of a third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 31 shows a right side view of a third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 32 shows a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 33 shows a right side view of a fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention, where the unit is inclined showing the support on the seabed.

Figure 34 shows a front elevation view of a fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention. Figure 35 shows a left side view of a fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 36 shows a top plan view of a fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 37 shows a right side view of a fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 38 shows a left side view of a fifth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 39 shows a right side view of a fifth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 40 shows a front elevation view of a fifth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 41 shows a left side view of a sixth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 42 shows a right side view of a sixth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 43 shows a front elevation view of a sixth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 44 shows a schematic view of the alternatives of the connecting bar with cylindrical and polygonal section for a sphere that forms the concrete unit of the present invention. Figure 45 shows a schematic view of the alternatives of the connecting bar with cylindrical and polygonal section for a polyhedron that forms the concrete unit of the present invention.

Figure 46 shows a front view of a sphere attached with a connecting bar having a shape of a truncated cone.

Figure 47 shows a front view of a polyhedron attached with a connecting bar having a shape of an elongated truncated cone.

Fig. 48 shows a front view of a polyhedron attached with a connecting bar having a shape of a right truncated pyramidal octagonal prism.

Figure 49 shows a front view of a sphere attached with a connecting rod having a shape of a right octagonal truncated pyramidal prism.

Figure 50 shows a top plan view of an alternative of the third embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention, shown in Figures 26 to 31.

Figure 51 shows a section of a top plan view of an alternative of the fourth embodiment of the concrete unit of the present invention, shown in Figures 32 to 37.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a concrete unit made up of four or five spheres or polyhedra and circumscribed in the volume of a virtual tetrahedron, to cushion the effect of waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others from the adverse effect of waves and hydrodynamic water currents. The set is formed by joining the spheres or polyhedra by means of cylindrical or polygonal connecting bars.

The fact that the concrete unit is circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron, allows spheres or polyhedra to be used at the vertices and in the geometric center of said tetrahedron, which present a greater surface area or a greater number of faces that face waves or hydrodynamic currents, allowing considerable energy dissipation relative to prior art concrete units. Furthermore, the fact that the concrete units are circumscribed within a virtual tetrahedron, allows the concrete unit to have a much lower center of mass, which prevents the concrete units from slipping when they are joined relative to each other. the others.

Figure 10 shows a virtual tetrahedron (12) that has four triangular faces which generate the vertices "a", "b", "c" and "d". When it comes to a regular tetrahedron, its vertices are circumscribed within the cap of a sphere (13), as shown in figure 11. At the vertices "a", "b", "c" and "d" four volumes of spheres (14, 15, 16, 17) are located, where the volumes of spheres (14, 15, 17) are located in the base of the tetrahedron. This allows the concrete unit to have a support base at three points, which generates greater stability, compared to the concrete units of the art. previous. Within the embodiments of the invention, the volumes of spheres can be replaced by volumes of polyhedra which have multiple faces that face the waves and hydrodynamic currents, improving energy dissipation.

Figure 12 shows a virtual tetrahedron (12) in which the geometric center “e” has been included, where it is possible to include a volume of sphere (18), to form a concrete unit with five volumes of spheres, such as as shown in figure 13. When the unit consists of five volumes of spheres or polyhedra, three of these volumes will be centered on the vertices “a”, “b” and “c” of the base triangle of a virtual tetrahedron, where the fourth volume will coincide with the vertex "d", which is the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron. The fifth volume is coincident with the geometric center "e" of the tetrahedron.

Taking as a basis the tetrahedra shown in Figures 10 to 13 and taking into account that volumes of spheres or polyhedra can be located at their vertices and geometric center, Figures 14 to 19 show a first embodiment of the invention made up of a block of concrete (22) that is formed by four volumes of spheres. A first volume of sphere (14) is connected to a second volume of sphere (15) through a first connecting rod of circular section (19). From the middle of said first connecting rod of circular section (19) emerges a second connecting rod of circular section (20) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting rod of circular section (21) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting bar of circular section (20). This third connecting bar of circular section (21) joins from its ends a third volume of sphere (17) and a fourth volume of sphere (16), forming a concrete block (22) that has a first volume of sphere (14) , a second volume of sphere

(15) and a third volume of sphere (17) forming part of its base. However, because the concrete block is formed within a virtual tetrahedron, whatever the virtual triangular face that rests against the ground, they will always support three volumes of spheres, thereby ensuring that the center of mass is lower. than prior art blocks, notably improving stability. The fourth volume of sphere

(16) is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

Taking as a basis the tetrahedra shown in Figures 10 to 13 and taking into account that volumes of spheres or polyhedra can be located at their vertices and geometric center, Figures 20 to 25 show a second embodiment of the invention made up of a block of concrete (23) that is formed by five volumes of spheres. A first volume of sphere (14) is connected to a second volume of sphere (15) through a first connecting rod of circular section (19). From the middle of said first connecting bar of circular section

(19) emerges a first short connecting rod of circular section (20a) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the first connecting rod of circular section (19). At the end of said first short connecting rod of circular section (20a) emerges a fifth sphere volume (18), which is located at the center of mass of the concrete block (23). From said fifth volume of sphere (18) emerges a second short connecting rod of circular section (20b), wherein the short connecting rod of circular section (20a, 20b) are collinear with each other. The second short bar of circular section (20b) connects with a third connecting bar of circular section (21) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the short connecting bars of circular section (20a, 20b). This third connecting bar of circular section (21) joins from its ends a third volume of sphere (17) and a fourth volume of sphere (16), forming a concrete block (22) that has a first volume of sphere (14) , a second volume of sphere (15) and a third volume of sphere (17) forming part of its base. However, because the concrete block is formed within a virtual tetrahedron, whatever the virtual triangular face that rests against the ground, they will always support three volumes of spheres, thereby ensuring that the center of mass is lower. than prior art blocks, notably improving stability. The fourth volume of sphere (16) is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12). The fact that in this modality a fifth volume of sphere (18) is included, allows accentuating the center of gravity of the concrete block (23), giving said block greater stability.

In the first and second modalities the connecting bars are straight circular cylinders to increase their mass, resistance, interlocking in the grouping, and residual stability. Also, in the first and second embodiments, the connecting bars of circular section have a radius that is always less than the radius of the spherical volumes.

Taking as a basis the tetrahedra shown in Figures 10 to 13 and taking into account that volumes of spheres or polyhedra can be located at their vertices and geometric center, Figures 26 to 31 show a third embodiment of the invention made up of a block of concrete (24) that is formed by four polyhedral volumes that, as an example of this modality, have the shape of a dodecahedron. A first polyhedron volume (25) is connected to a second polyhedron volume (26) through a first connecting rod of polygonal section (29). Since the polygonal connecting rod (29) must join a dodecahedron volume, the cross section of the connecting rod (29) has the shape of a dodecagon. In other words, both the polygonal connecting bar and the polyhedral volume have twelve faces, which allows a perfect joint between the faces. From the middle of said first connecting rod of polygonal section (29) emerges a second connecting rod of polygonal section (30) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting rod of polygonal section (31) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting rod. polygonal section (30). This third connecting bar of polygonal section (31) joins from its ends a third polyhedron volume (28) and a fourth polyhedron volume (27), forming a concrete block (24) that has a first polyhedron volume (25), a second polyhedron volume (26) and a third polyhedron volume (23) forming part of its base. The fourth volume of polyhedron (27) is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12). In figure 50 this third modality is shown where the concrete block (24) has polyhedral volumes whose shape is that of an octadecahedron (18 sides).

Taking as a basis the tetrahedra shown in figures 10 to 13 and taking into account that volumes of spheres or polyhedra can be located at their vertices and geometric center, figures 32 to 37 show a fourth embodiment of the invention made up of a block of concrete (46) that is formed by five volumes of polyhedra that, as an example of this modality, have the shape of an octahedron. A first polyhedron volume (25) is connected to a second polyhedron volume (26) through a first connecting rod of polygonal section (19). Since the polygonal connecting rod (29) must join an octahedron volume, the cross section of the connecting rod (29) has the shape of an octagon. In other words, both the polygonal connecting bar and the polyhedral volume have eight faces, which allows a perfect joint between the faces. From the middle of said first connecting rod of polygonal section (29) emerges a first short connecting rod of polygonal section (30a) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the first connecting rod of polygonal section (29). At the end of said first bar short connector of polygonal section (30a) emerges a fifth volume of polyhedron (32), which is located at the center of mass of the concrete block (46). From said fifth polyhedron volume (32) emerges a second short connecting rod of polygonal section (30b), wherein the short connecting rod of polygonal section (30a, 30b) are collinear with each other. The second short polygonal section bar (30b) connects with a third polygonal section connecting bar (31) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the short polygonal section connecting bars (30a, 30b). This third connecting bar of polygonal section (31) joins from its ends a third polyhedron volume (28) and a fourth polyhedron volume (27), forming a concrete block (46) that has a first polyhedron volume (25) , a second volume of polyhedron (26) and a third volume of polyhedron (28) forming part of its base. The fourth volume of polyhedron (27) is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12). The fact that a fifth volume of polyhedron (32) is included in this mode, allows to accentuate the center of gravity of the concrete block (46), giving said block greater stability. Figure 51 shows this fourth modality where the concrete block (46) has polyhedral volumes whose shape is that of a dodecahedron.

Referring to Figures 38 to 40, a fifth embodiment of a concrete block (47) is shown which is made up of volumes of spheres joined with polygonal connecting bars. The concrete block (47) that is formed by four volumes of spheres. A The first sphere volume (14) is connected to a second sphere volume (15) through a first connecting rod of polygonal section (35) which, by way of example, has a hexagonal cross section. From the middle of said first connecting rod of polygonal section (35) emerges a second connecting rod of polygonal section (34) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting rod of polygonal section (33) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting rod. polygonal section (34). This third connecting bar of polygonal section (33) joins from its ends a third volume of sphere (17) and a fourth volume of sphere (16), forming a concrete block (47) that has a first volume of sphere (14) , a second volume of sphere (15) and a third volume of sphere (17) forming part of its base. The fourth volume of sphere (16) is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12). In this fifth mode, the concrete block (47) has a fifth sphere volume (not shown) that is located in the geometric center of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

Referring to Figures 41 to 43, a sixth embodiment of a concrete block (48) is shown which is made up of volumes of polyhedra joined with connecting bars of circular section. The concrete block (48) that is formed by four volumes of polyhedra. A first polyhedron volume (25) is connected to a second polyhedron volume (26) through a first connecting bar of circular section (19). From the middle of said first connecting bar of circular section (19) emerges a second connecting bar of circular section (20) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting bar of circular section (21) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting bar of circular section (20). This third connecting bar of circular section (21) joins from its ends a third volume of polyhedron (27) and a fourth volume of polyhedron (28), forming a concrete block (48) that has a first volume of polyhedron (25) , a second volume of polyhedron (26) and a third volume of polyhedron (27) forming part of its base. The fourth volume of sphere (28) is located at the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12). The concrete block (48) has a fifth spherical volume (not shown) located in the geometric center of said virtual tetrahedron (12).

Figure 44 represents an example of the possible combinations that can be obtained to form concrete units. Thus, one sphere volume (36) can be connected to another using a connecting rod with a circular section (37), or a connecting rod with a hexagonal section (38). In the same way, in figure 45, by way of example, a polyhedron volume (39) in the shape of a hexahedron is shown that can be joined to another using a connecting bar with a hexagonal section (40), or a bar circular section connector (41).

The connecting bar that joins the volumes in the form of a sphere and polyhedron may have a smaller thickness in the area of contact with said volumes and a greater thickness towards the center of the connecting bar. Figures 46 to 49 show examples of this alternative. Figure 46 shows a volume of sphere (36) attached to a connecting bar that has the shape of a truncated cone (42). Figure 47 shows a polyhedron volume (39) in the shape of a hexahedron attached to a connecting bar that has the shape of a truncated cone (45). Figure 48 shows a volume of an irregular polyhedron in the shape of a hexahedron (39) attached to a connecting bar in the form of a straight pyramidal polygonal prism (44), which in this example has an octagonal section. Figure 49 shows a volume of sphere (36) attached to a connecting bar in the form of a straight truncated pyramidal polygonal prism (45), which in this example has an octagonal section.

The polyhedra that can be used in the volumes that are located at the vertices and geometric center of the virtual tetrahedron (12) are: pentahedron, hexahedron, heptahedron, octahedron, eneahedron, nonahedron, decahedron, hendecahedron, dodecahedron, tridecahedron, tetradecahedron, pentadecahedron, hexadecahedron, heptadecahedron, octadecahedron, enneadecahedron, icosahedron, triacontahedron and tetracontahedron among others. In general, the volumes of the polyhedra used in this invention are of the regular type, that is, their vertices contact the surface of a sphere cap. However, as shown in Figure 48, polyhedra can also be irregular. The polygons that can be used as the cross section of the connecting bars are: pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, hendecagon, undecagon, dodecagon, tridecagon, tetradecagon, pentadecagon, hexadecagon, heptadecagon, octadecagon, octadecagon, octadecagon , icosakaidígono, icosakaitrígono, triacontagon, tetracontagon, and pentacontagon among others. In general it is preferred that the connecting bars have a polygonal section whose faces are parallel to increase their mass, strength, interlocking and residual stability.

When the concrete unit has a connecting bar with a polygonal cross section and the volumes are spherical, the apothem of said polygonal section is always smaller than the radius of the spherical volumes.

When the concrete unit is made up of a connecting bar that is a right circular cylinder and the volumes are polyhedra, the circular cross section of the connecting bar may have a radius that will be less than the apothem of the polyhedral volumes.

When the concrete unit is made up of a connecting bar with a polygonal cross section and the volumes are polyhedral, the apothem of the polygonal section trunks is always less than the apothem corresponding to the polyhedral volumes. In general, the concrete units of the present invention have circular or polygonal connecting bars that join the spherical and polygonal volumes, said joint has chamfers that reduce the tensional stresses generated in said joint.

In concrete units, the distances between the centers, the spherical volumes or polyhedron volumes can be increased or decreased, preferably by constant values, in such a way that the block always remains within a regular tetrahedron.

When concrete units are made up of straight circular cylindrical connecting bars and the volumes are spherical, the ratio of the measurements of the radius of the connecting bars in the form of straight circular cylinders to the radius of the spherical volumes is less than unity (1 , 0), and preferably between 0.6 and 0.9.

When the concrete units are made up of connecting bars of polygonal cross-section and polyhedral volumes, the relationship between the measures of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is less than the unit (1, 0 ), and preferably between 0.6 and 0.9.

When the concrete units are made up of a connecting bar with a polygonal section and the volumes are spherical, the relationship between the apothem measures of the polygonal connecting bars with respect to the radius of the sphere of the spherical volumes is always less than the unit ( 1.0), and preferably between 0.6 and 0.9. When the concrete units are made up of a straight circular cylindrical connecting bar and the volumes are polyhedral, the relationship between the measurements of the radius of the cylindrical connecting bars with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is always less than the unit (1, 0) , and preferably between 0.6 and 0.9.

The concrete unit of the present invention can be formed from concrete only. However, it is possible to use in the construction process reinforcing bars and / or steel mesh. The armor can be previously treated with protective paint, be galvanized. Likewise, concrete can be supplied with different additives.

Among the advantages of the above-described invention, a reinforced concrete unit, as it is made up of connecting bars of polygonal section with parallel faces and polyhedral volumes, has the maximum number of faces exposed to the hydrodynamic waves of the waves and water currents. Comparatively, a concrete unit of the present invention with polygonal sections of twelve faces generates 306 planes exposed to waves and hydrodynamic currents, while a "DOLO" as disclosed in the Russian document SU 802448, has only 94 planes or faces. exposed.

Likewise, the reinforced concrete unit of the present invention, as it is formed by straight circular cylindrical connecting bars that join spherical volumes, present the maximum amount of points that reflect the hydrodynamic waves of the waves in all directions, cushioning the incident waves and allowing their fluid passage, but with less energy, through the barrier of concrete units arranged as protection.

On the other hand, the concrete unit of the present invention, being made of concrete inside a mold, develops a greater external surface by dividing said surface by the volume of concrete used in its manufacture, (m2 / m3). When comparing the surface generated by each cubic meter of concrete poured in the different units, it is obtained that in DOLOS it yields 5.23 m2; in CORE-LOC (patent document US5620280) it yields 4.64 m2; and in the present invention it yields 5.74 m2.

When the concrete unit of the present invention, being manufactured with a polygonal connecting bar in the shape of a dodecagon and a polyhedral volume in the shape of a dodecahedron (12 faces), generates a total of 306 faces, in the circumstance that the CORE-LOC, with an octagonal section of 9.4 tons it generates only 88 exposed faces. Likewise, a 7.0-ton DOLO generates more than 24 faces for each m3, CORE-LOC generates 22.39 faces for each cubic meter of concrete and the unit of the present invention of 7.44 tons generates the maximum with 98 faces for every cubic meter of concrete poured into the mold.

Claims

1.- A concrete unit to cushion the effect of the waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others, CHARACTERIZED because

It is made up of a concrete block (22) circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron (12), which is made up of four volumes of spheres; a first sphere volume (14) which is connected to a second sphere volume (15) through a first connecting rod of circular section (19); from the middle of said first connecting bar of circular section (19) emerges a second connecting bar of circular section (20) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting bar of circular section (21) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting bar circular section (20); wherein this third connecting bar of circular section (21) joins from its ends a third volume of sphere (17) and a fourth volume of sphere (16).

2.- A concrete unit according to claim 1,

CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (22) having said first volume of sphere (14), said second volume of sphere (15) and said third volume of sphere (17) forming part of its base.

3. A concrete unit according to claim 2,

CHARACTERIZED because due to the fact that said concrete block (22) is formed within a virtual tetrahedron (12), whatever the virtual triangular face of said tetrahedron (12) that rests against the ground, they will always support any of three volumes of spheres, where the fourth volume of sphere is located at the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

4. A concrete unit, according to any of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of circular section have a radius that is always less than the radius of the spherical volumes.

5. A concrete unit, according to any of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of circular section have the shape of a truncated cone.

6. A concrete unit according to any of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the joint between the connecting bars of circular section and the spherical volumes have chamfers.

7.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED because the distances between the centers of the spherical volumes are increased or decreased by constant values, in such a way that the concrete block is always circumscribed within a tetrahedron regular.

8.- A concrete unit to cushion the effect of the waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others, CHARACTERIZED because

It is made up of a concrete block (23) circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron (12), which is made up of five volumes of spheres; a first sphere volume (14) that is connected with a second sphere volume (15) through a first connecting rod of circular section (19); wherein from the middle of said first connecting rod of circular section (19) emerges a first short connecting rod of circular section (20a) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the first connecting rod of circular section (19); wherein at the end of said first short connecting bar of circular section (20a) emerges a fifth volume of sphere (18), which is located at the center of mass of the concrete block (23); wherein from said fifth sphere volume (18) emerges a second short connecting rod of circular section (20b), wherein the short connecting rod of circular section (20a, 20b) are collinear with each other; in which the second short bar of circular section (20b) connects with a third connecting bar of circular section (21) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the short connecting bars of circular section (20a, 20b); wherein said third connecting bar of circular section (21) joins from its ends a third volume of sphere (17) and a fourth volume of sphere (16).

9.- A concrete unit according to claim 8,

CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (22) that has a first volume of sphere (14), a second volume of sphere (15) and a third volume of sphere (17) forming part of its base.

10.- A concrete unit according to claim 9,

CHARACTERIZED because because the concrete block is shaped within a virtual tetrahedron, whatever the triangular face is virtual that supports against the ground, will always support three volumes of spheres, where the fourth volume of sphere is located at the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12). The fact that in this modality a fifth volume of sphere (18) is included, allows accentuating the center of gravity of the concrete block (23), giving said block greater stability.

1 1.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 8 to 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of circular section have a radius that is always less than the radius of the spherical volumes.

12. A concrete unit according to any of claims 8 to 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of circular section have the shape of a truncated cone.

13.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 8 to 12, CHARACTERIZED in that the joint between the connecting bars of circular section and the spherical volumes have chamfers.

14. A concrete unit, according to any of claims 8 to 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the distances between the centers of the spherical volumes are increased or decreased by constant values, in such a way that the concrete block is always circumscribed within a tetrahedron regular.

15.- A concrete unit to cushion the effect of the waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others, CHARACTERIZED because It is made up of a concrete block (24) circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron (12), which is made up of four polyhedral volumes; a first polyhedron volume (25) which is connected to a second polyhedron volume (26) through a first connecting rod of polygonal section (29); wherein from the middle of said first connecting rod of polygonal section (29) emerges a second connecting rod of polygonal section (30) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting rod of polygonal section (31) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting rod of polygonal section (30); wherein said third connecting bar of polygonal section (31) joins from its ends a third volume of polyhedron (28) and a fourth volume of polyhedron (27).

16. A concrete unit according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (24) having a first polyhedron volume (25), a second polyhedron volume (26) and a third polyhedron volume (23) forming part of its base, where the fourth polyhedron volume is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

17. A concrete unit, according to any of claims 15 or 16, CHARACTERIZED in that the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section is less than the apothem corresponding to the polyhedral volumes.

18. A concrete unit according to claim 17, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measures of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is less than the unit (1, 0).

19.- A concrete unit according to claim 18,

CHARACTERIZED because the relationship between the measurements of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is in a range between 0.6 and 0.9.

20. A concrete unit according to any of claims 15 to 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are: pentahedron, hexahedron, heptahedron, octahedron, enneahedron, nonahedron, decahedron, hendecahedron, dodecahedron, tridecahedron, tetradecahedron, pentadecahedron, hexadecahedron heptadecahedron, octadecahedron, enneadecahedron, icosahedron, triacontahedron and tetracontahedron among others.

21.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 15 to 20, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are circumscribed in a regular tetrahedron.

22.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 15 to 20, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are circumscribed in an irregular tetrahedron.

23.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 15 to 22, CHARACTERIZED in that the sections of the polygons that make up the connecting bars are: pentagon, hexagon, Heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, hendecagon, undecagon, dodecagon, tridecagon, tetradecagon, pentadecagon, hexadecagon, heptadecagon, octadecagon, nonadecagon, isodecagon, icosakaihenagon, other icosakaconagon, octagon, other icosakacontagon, icosakonagon

24.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 15 to 23, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars with a polygonal section, the faces are parallel.

25.- A concrete unit to cushion the effect of the waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others,

CHARACTERIZED because

It is made up of a concrete block (46) circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron (12), which is made up of five volumes of polyhedra; a first polyhedron volume (25) which is connected to a second polyhedron volume (26) through a first connecting rod of polygonal section (19); wherein from the middle of said first connecting rod of polygonal section (29) emerges a first short connecting rod of polygonal section (30a) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the first connecting rod of polygonal section (29); wherein at the end of said first short connecting rod of polygonal section (30a) emerges a fifth polyhedron volume (32), which is located at the center of mass of the concrete block (46); where from said fifth polyhedron volume (32) emerges a second short connecting bar of polygonal section (30b), wherein the short polygonal section connecting bars (30a, 30b) are collinear with each other; wherein the second short polygonal section bar (30b) connects with a third polygonal section connecting bar (31) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the short polygonal section connecting bars (30a, 30b); wherein said third connecting bar of polygonal section (31) joins from its ends a third volume of polyhedron (28) and a fourth volume of polyhedron (27).

26.- A concrete unit according to claim 25, CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (46) having a first polyhedron volume (25), a second polyhedron volume (26) and a third polyhedron volume (28) forming part of its base, where the fourth volume of polyhedron (27) is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

27.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 26 or 18, CHARACTERIZED in that the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section is always less than the apothem corresponding to the polyhedral volumes.

28.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 25 to 27, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are: pentahedron, hexahedron, heptahedron, octahedron, enneahedron, nonahedron, decahedron, hendecahedron, dodecahedron, tridecahedron, tetradecahedron, pentadecahedron, hexadecahedron heptadecahedron, octadecahedron, enneadecahedron, icosahedron, triacontahedron and tetracontahedron among others.

29.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 25 to 28, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are circumscribed in a regular tetrahedron.

30.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 25 to 28, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are circumscribed in an irregular tetrahedron.

31.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 25 to 30, CHARACTERIZED because the sections of the polygons that make up the connecting bars are: pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, hendecagon, undecagon, dodecagon, tridecagon , tetradecagon, pentadecagon, hexadecagon, heptadecagon, octadecagon, nonadecagon, isodecagon, icosakaihenagon, icosakaidigon, icosakaitrgon, triacontagon, tetracontagon, and pentacontagon among others.

32.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 25 to 31, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars with a polygonal section, the faces are parallel.

33.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 25 or 32, CHARACTERIZED in that the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section is less than the apothem corresponding to the polyhedral volumes.

34.- A concrete unit, according to claim 33, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measures of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is less than unity (1, 0).

35.- A concrete unit according to claim 34, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measurements of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is in a range between 0.6 and 0.9.

36.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 25 to 35, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of polygonal section are in the form of a straight pyramidal polygonal prism.

37.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 25 to 36, CHARACTERIZED in that the joint between the connecting bars of polygonal section and the polyhedral volumes have chamfers.

38.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 25 to 37, CHARACTERIZED in that the distances between the centers of the polyhedral volumes are increased or decreased by constant values, in such a way that the concrete block is always circumscribed within a tetrahedron regular.

39.- A concrete unit to cushion the effect of the waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others,

CHARACTERIZED because

It is made up of a concrete block (47) circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron (12), which is formed by volumes of joined spheres with polygonal connecting bars, which is formed by four volumes of spheres; a first volume of sphere (14) is connected to a second volume of sphere (15) through a first connecting bar of polygonal section (35); wherein from the middle of said first connecting bar of polygonal section (35) emerges a second connecting bar of polygonal section (34) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting bar of polygonal section (33) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting rod of polygonal section (34; wherein this third connecting rod of polygonal section (33) joins from its ends a third volume of sphere (17) and a fourth volume of sphere (16).

40.- A concrete unit according to claim 39, CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (47) has a first volume of sphere (14), a second volume of sphere (15) and a third volume of sphere (17) forming part of its base, where the fourth volume of the sphere is located on the cusp of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

41.- A concrete unit according to claim 39 or 40, CHARACTERIZED in that the concrete block (47) has a fifth volume of sphere that is located in the geometric center of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

42.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 39 to 41, CHARACTERIZED in that the sections of the polygons that make up the connecting bars are: pentagon, hexagon, Heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, hendecagon, undecagon, dodecagon, tridecagon, tetradecagon, pentadecagon, hexadecagon, heptadecagon, octadecagon, nonadecagon, isodecagon, icosakaihenagon, other icosakaconagon, octagon, other icosakacontagon, icosakonagon

43.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 39 to 42, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars with a polygonal section, the faces are parallel.

44.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 39 or 43, CHARACTERIZED in that the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section is less than the radius corresponding to the spherical volumes.

45.- A concrete unit according to claim 44, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measurements of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the radius of the spherical volumes is less than the unit (1, 0).

46.- A concrete unit according to claim 45, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measurements of the apothem of the connecting bars of polygonal section with respect to the radius of the spherical volumes is in a range between 0.6 and 0.9.

47.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 39 to 46, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of polygonal section have the shape of a straight pyramidal polygonal prism.

48.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 39 to 47, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of polygonal section have the shape of a polygonal truncated pyramidal prism.

49.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 39 to 48, CHARACTERIZED in that the joint between the connecting bars of polygonal section and the spherical volumes have chamfers.

50.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 39 to 49, CHARACTERIZED because the distances between the centers of the spherical volumes are increased or decreased by constant values, in such a way that the concrete block is always circumscribed within a tetrahedron regular.

51.- A concrete unit to cushion the effect of the waves, to protect coasts, beaches, lakes, reservoirs, ports and others, CHARACTERIZED because

It is made up of a concrete block (48) circumscribed in a virtual tetrahedron (12), which is made up of volumes of polyhedra joined with connecting bars of circular section; wherein a first polyhedron volume (25) is connected with a second polyhedron volume (26) through a first connecting rod of circular section (19); where from the middle of said first section connecting bar circular (19) emerges a second connecting bar of circular section (20) perpendicular and inclined that connects with a third connecting bar of circular section (21) perpendicular and inclined with respect to the second connecting bar of circular section (20); wherein said third connecting bar of circular section (21) joins from its ends a third polyhedron volume (27) and a fourth polyhedron volume (28).

52.- A concrete unit according to claim 51, CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (48) has a first polyhedron volume (25), a second polyhedron volume (26) and a third polyhedron volume (27) forming part of its base, where the fourth volume of sphere (28) is located at the top of the virtual tetrahedron (12).

53.- A concrete unit according to claim 51 or 52, CHARACTERIZED in that said concrete block (48) has a fifth spherical volume located in the geometric center of said virtual tetrahedron (12).

54.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 51 to 53, CHARACTERIZED because the polyhedral volumes are: pentahedron, hexahedron, heptahedron, octahedron, enneahedron, nonahedron, decahedron, hendecahedron, dodecahedron, tridecahedron, tetradecahedron, pentadecahedron, hexadecahedron heptadecahedron, octadecahedron, enneadecahedron, icosahedron, triacontahedron and tetracontahedron among others.

55.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 51 to 54, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are circumscribed in a regular tetrahedron.

56.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 51 to 54, CHARACTERIZED in that the polyhedral volumes are circumscribed in an irregular tetrahedron.

57.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 51 to 56, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of circular section have the shape of a truncated cone.

58.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 51 or 57, CHARACTERIZED in that the radius of the connecting bars of circular section is less than the apothem corresponding to the polyhedral volumes.

59.- A concrete unit according to claim 58, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measurements of the radius of the connecting bars of circular section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is less than the unit (1, 0).

60.- A concrete unit according to claim 59, CHARACTERIZED in that the relationship between the measurements of the radius of the connecting bars of circular section with respect to the apothem of the polyhedral volumes is in a range between 0.6 and 0.9.

61.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 51 to 60, CHARACTERIZED in that the connecting bars of circular section have the shape of a truncated cone.

62.- A concrete unit according to any of claims 51 to 61, CHARACTERIZED in that the joint between the connecting bars of circular section and the polyhedral volumes have chamfers.

63.- A concrete unit, according to any of claims 51 to 62, CHARACTERIZED because the distances between the centers of the polyhedral volumes are increased or decreased by constant values, in such a way that the concrete block is always circumscribed within a tetrahedron regular.