WO2020197462A1 - Heat transfer device - Google Patents

Heat transfer device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020197462A1
WO2020197462A1 PCT/SE2020/050206 SE2020050206W WO2020197462A1 WO 2020197462 A1 WO2020197462 A1 WO 2020197462A1 SE 2020050206 W SE2020050206 W SE 2020050206W WO 2020197462 A1 WO2020197462 A1 WO 2020197462A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
transfer device
thermally conducting
sheet
fibers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2020/050206
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jesper Eman
Original Assignee
Centropy Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centropy Ab filed Critical Centropy Ab
Publication of WO2020197462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020197462A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2039—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/26—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length in several steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/34—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/44—Compression means for making articles of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/465—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/122—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being formed of wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/367—Cooling facilitated by shape of device
    • H01L23/3677—Wire-like or pin-like cooling fins or heat sinks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/34—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
    • B29C2043/3483—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means using band or film carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0027—Cutting off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/28—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0872—Prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2507/00—Use of elements other than metals as filler
    • B29K2507/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/18—Heat-exchangers or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/06—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes composite, e.g. polymers with fillers or fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/08—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes pressed; stamped; deep-drawn
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a heat transfer device, a heat transfer system and a method of preparing the same.
  • heat conducting carbon fibers in heat sinks.
  • Such heat sinks typically employs a single body formed of heat conductive metal providing a high thermal conductivity.
  • a drawback of known solutions is that the metal content of the wall increases cost of production, and the current manufacturing methods involves casting or molding around the fibers which is an inefficient method that increases the thickness of the wall during production and further limits the available length of the fibers and/or requires further manufacturing steps to expose carbon fiber ends.
  • Another drawback of is that the short length of the fibers reduces the efficiency and thus the transferred heat power.
  • An object of the present invention is to alleviate some of the
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer device and system which enables a high degree of freedom in forming the heat transfer device and system depending on the indented use.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide methods of preparing the heat transfer device or system.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide methods of preparing the heat transfer device or system that is more efficient than current methods.
  • a heat transfer device comprising at least one body and thermally conducting fibers extending through the at least one body and extending out from the at least one body from at least one surface of the at least one body, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a length of at least 1 mm, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers.
  • the at least one body comprises at least 30 wt% non-metallic material(s), preferably at least 70 wt % non-metallic material(s), more preferably at least 90 wt% non-metallic material(s), most preferably 100 wt% non-metallic material(s).
  • the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of 50-300 W/mK, preferably 301-799, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK.
  • the thermally conducting fibers extend from at least two surfaces of the at least one body.
  • the thermally conducting fibers comprises free ends.
  • the thermally conducting fibers preferably have a diameter of 4-15 micrometers, more preferably 7-10 micrometers.
  • the at least one body comprises resin and/or thermoplastic materials.
  • the thermally conducting fibers are carbon fibers.
  • the at least two surfaces of the at least one body are opposing surfaces.
  • the heat transfer device comprises a plurality of bodies, wherein the thermally conducting fibers extend through the plurality of bodies.
  • the thermally conducting fibers extending out from each of the plurality of bodies from a top and bottom surface respectively.
  • the plurality of bodies are positioned substantially equidistant from each other.
  • the heat transfer device is in the form of a sheet.
  • the thermally conducting fibers are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface of the sheet.
  • At least one shim is provided on the at least one body.
  • a heat transfer device comprising at least one body and thermally conducting fibers extending through the at least one body and extending out from the at least one body from at least one surface of the at least one body, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a length of at least 1 mm, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface of the sheet.
  • the thermally conducting fibers (2) have a conductivity of 50-1000 W/mK, preferably 300-1000, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK.
  • a heat transfer device comprising at least one body and thermally conducting fibers extending through the at least one body and extending out from the at least one body from at least one surface of the at least one body, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface of the sheet.
  • a heat transfer system comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices according to any embodiment
  • At least a subset of consecutive bodies of the plurality of bodies of the two outer heat transfer devices are interconnected by a sealing element extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies.
  • the heat transfer system is a heat exchanger.
  • a method of preparing a heat transfer device comprising the steps of: a. Positioning of thermally conducting fibers directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, b. Positioning of at least one strip of body material in substantially perpendicular direction to said thermally conducting fibers on at least one side said sheet, wherein said body material comprises material or materials which result in said body of the heat transfer device, c. Positioning of said sheet and said at least one strip of body material in a press device, d. Pressing said sheet and said at least one strip against each other by the aid of the press device, e.
  • the method further comprises: g. And wherein steps a-f are optionally iterated at least once.
  • a plurality of strips of body material is positioned on said sheet, and wherein the strips are positioned preferably substantially equidistant from each other.
  • the thermally conducting fibers are being pulled from a number of large rolls with bundled fibers.
  • a new part of the sheet having body material positioned on the sheet is positioned into the press device at the same time as the resulting heat transfer device is pulled out from the press device.
  • a shim is provided on the at least one strip of body material.
  • a heat transfer device is provided, prepared by a method according to any embodiment [0027]-[0032] [0034] According to one embodiment, a method of preparing a heat transfer system comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices according to any
  • the, method further comprising:
  • the step of bonding bodies of adjacent heat transfer devices to each other is carried out via an intermediate shim.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6a-6b shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device along section A-A of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 shows a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8a-8c shows a method of preparing a heat transfer system, and a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9a-9b shows a method of preparing a heat transfer system and a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 10a-10b shows a perspective view of a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 a-11 d shows a fluid duct comprising a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 12a-12c shows a heat transfer system according to various embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 13a-13c shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 14 shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • a heat transfer device such as a heat exchanger or heat sink comprises a cold side and warm side and a wall to separate the cold side from the warm side.
  • the heat transfer device is configured to transfer heat from the warm side to the cold side.
  • On either or both sides of the wall there may be a fluid medium.
  • heat is transferred from a non fluid medium such as e.g. mechanical devices.
  • a heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between the fluid and the wall depends on fluid velocity, density etc. Walls should be made thin yet provide sufficient structural integrity. The walls should have a high thermal conductivity.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100, comprising one body 300 and thermally conducting fibers 2 extending through the at least one body 300 and extending out from the at least one body 300 from one surface 300a of the at least one body by the portion 2a.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 and the at least one body forms a wall.
  • the body 300 comprises a at least one strip 30a, 30b of body material as can be further seen in Fig. 5.
  • the strips 30a, 30b are pre-preg strips.
  • the body 300 comprises a first 30a and second 30b strip of body material.
  • the strips 30a, 30b of body material comprises material configured to, and with a viscosity that it is sufficient to, impregnate the dry thermally conducting fibers and then become sufficiently stiff to make handling of the heat transfer device 100, or a basic building block thereof, possible.
  • suitable material for the body 300 comprises thermosetting resins such as e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinylester, thermoplastic materials.
  • the strips 30a, 30b are resin rich strips.
  • the body 300 provides a fluid tight seal in a heat transfer device between surfaces 300a, 300b of the body 300.
  • the strips 30a, 30b may further comprise fibers, particles, metal or other filler material for improving the manufacturing material.
  • the strips 30a, 30b may consist of such material.
  • the at least one body 300 comprises at least 30 wt% non-metallic material(s), preferably at least 70 wt % non-metallic material(s), more preferably at least 90 wt% non- metallic material(s), most preferably 100 wt% non-metallic material(s).
  • the benefit of using non-metallic material or materials in the body 300 above a certain degree is e.g. a lower cost of production. Reducing the cost of production is beneficial in that it enables large volume production.
  • thermally conducting fibers 2 with the parameters described below comprising, their thermal conductivity, the relatively large length of the fibers, their small diameter enables the use of a thin, yet to a high degree, metal free, i.e. non-metal body 300.
  • side 4 forms a cold side 4
  • side 5 forms a warm side 5.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a length of at least 1 mm. According to one embodiment, the length is between 1 mm and 50 mm. According to one embodiment, the length is between 1 mm and 500 mm. According to one embodiment, the length of the fibers can be any length based on the intended use. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a length of at least 2 mm. According to one embodiment the ratio of the length of the fibers extending out from at least one body from at least one surface and the length of the fibers extending through the at least one body is at least 1 :1. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 301 -799, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK.
  • the thermally conducting fibers have a small diameter for creating a large surface area. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 preferably have a diameter of 4-15 micrometers, more preferably 7-10 micrometers.
  • the heat transfer device 100 is in the form of a sheet 20.
  • the sheet form comprises a substantially flat form.
  • the sheet form comprises a substantially flat form as seen in one plane.
  • the sheet form comprises a substantially flat form with a relatively larger extension in two surface directions than in the height direction, herein referred to as the sheet surface 20a.
  • the sheet 20 may take any suitable form in the plane, such as e.g. rectangular, circular etc. depending on the intended use.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20.
  • the sheet surface directions extends in the xy-plane as defined in a coordinate system as seen in Fig. 1.
  • the fibers are directed in an x-direction of the coordinate system defined in Fig. 1.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 are positioned in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 are positioned in one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are positioned in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20.
  • each of the two surface directions are parallel to a vector, respectively, which vectors span the plane being parallel with the sheet surface 20a.
  • the surface direction may any of the two surface directions of the sheet surface 20a.
  • the two surface directions are parallel to the sheet surface 20.
  • the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the fibers 2 are directed along a lengthwise surface direction of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the lengthwise surface direction of the sheet 20 is perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the bodies 300. According to one embodiment, the lengthwise direction of the sheet 20 is defined as the direction being parallel to the direction of the fibers 2. According to one embodiment, the lengthwise direction is defined as the direction being perpendicular to the direction of the fibers 2.
  • the width of the sheet of fibers is perpendicular to the length of the sheet of fibers. According to one embodiment, the width of the sheet of fibers is measured in a widthwise direction of the sheet 20, wherein the widthwise direction is perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the positioning and direction of the fibers 2 as described above, at least provides the benefit of providing a practical and high degree of forming heat transfer systems for various intended uses.
  • the heat transfer devices provide the possibility to form smaller as well as larger heat transfer devices or systems depending on the use or other limiting geometries based on the same modular concept and parts.
  • the total surface area of the wall may substantially be increased. A large surface area increases the efficiency of transferring heat of the heat transfer system device. Since the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the body and forms the wall, and not by being attached to the body a good thermal conductivity provided since there are no contact problems between the fibers and the body in the wall.
  • the thermally conducting fibers are carbon fibers. According to other embodiments the thermally conducting fibers are at least one of the following: graphite, copper, aluminium, silver, gold, silicon, boron, or any other thermally conducting material in the form of fibers.
  • the number of the thermally conducting fibers per square centimeter is in the range of T 10 4 -T10 6 fibers per square centimeter.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 are a plurality of thermally conducting fibers 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extending out from the at least one body 300 from two surfaces 300a, 300b of the at least one body 300 e.g. by the portions 2a, 2b respectively.
  • the different surfaces 300a, 300b, such as the at least two surfaces 300a, 300b, of the at least one body 300 is opposing surfaces 300a, 300b.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 have free ends 2c. As such the fibers are configured for being free, i.e. have free ends, in the sense that these ends are not connected to any structure to or from which heat is transferred.
  • side 4 forms a cold side 4
  • side 5 forms a warm side 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100 comprising two bodies 300, 301 , wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the at least two bodies 300, 301.
  • side 4 forms a cold side 4
  • side 5 forms a warm side 5.
  • Fig. 4 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100 comprising six bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305, similar to the body 300 as described above, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the six bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305.
  • the heat transfer device 100 comprising a plurality of bodies 300, 301 , ... , N, which may be any suitable number N based on the intended use or application.
  • the heat transfer device 100 comprises an even number of plurality of bodies 300,
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the even number of plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305, ... , 2N.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 extending out from each of the plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 from a top and bottom surface 300a, 300b, 301 a, 301 b, 302a, 302b, 303a, 303b, 304a, 304b, 305a, 305b respectively.
  • the bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 are positioned substantially equidistant from each other.
  • any two consecutive bodies 300, 301 are arranged at a similar distance from each other as any other two consecutive bodies 301 , 302.
  • any two consecutive bodies 300, 301 are arranged at a different distance from each other as any other two consecutive bodies 301 , 302.
  • Fig. 5 shows a device 1000 for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100 according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a press device 500.
  • the press device 500 comprises a heating device 550 further comprising at least one heating device element 551 , 552 for heating at least one of the surfaces of the press device 500.
  • the press device 500 is configured to generate a pressure F to the fibers 2 and strips 30a, 30b of body material and to force the viscous body material into the dry fibers 2.
  • the pressure F can be varied and selected depending on materials used for fibers 2 and/or body 300/strips 30a, 30b, thicknesses, temperatures, and other process parameters.
  • the press device 500 may be any pressure generating device, for instance an hydraulic press, comprising a sufficiently sized flat contact surfaces 510, 520 to fit the desired width of the sheet of fibers 2, and its dimensions and parameters may be selected to optimize the production process and volume.
  • the contact surface 510 is movable in relation to the contact surface 520. After passing the press device 500, the heat transfer device 100 formed may be cut in any desired length.
  • Fig. 6a shows a device 1000 for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100, as well as a sheet 20 and said at least one strip 30a, 30b being pressed against each other by the aid of the press device 500, along section A-A of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 6b shows a heat transfer device 100, prepared by the device 1000 along section B-B of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 shows a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100
  • the method further comprises the step: g. And wherein steps a-f are optionally iterated at least once.
  • the heat transfer device is cut in a desired length, with a desired number of bodies. According to one embodiment the cut is carried out across the fibers 2. According to one embodiment, the cut is carried out along the bodies.
  • the strips of body material comprises upper strips 30a, 31 a positioned on one (upper) side of the fibers 2 and lower strips 31 a, 31 b positioned at a corresponding position, respectively, on the other (lower) side of the fibers 2.
  • the strips 30a, 30b and 31 a, 31 b of body material are positioned substantially equidistant from each other.
  • each strip By positioning the strips either substantially equidistant from each other, or, each strip being placed at a predefined distance from another strip enables the manufacturing of similar heat transfer devices 100.
  • Such heat transfer devices may be stacked together and used for forming a heat transfer system as shall be further described in Fig. 8a-8c, 9a-9b.
  • the thermally conducting fibers 2 are being pulled from a number of large rolls 200 with bundled fibers 2.
  • a new part of the sheet 20 having body material positioned on the sheet 200 is positioned into the press device 500 at the same time as the resulting heat transfer device 100 is pulled out from the press device 500.
  • the amount of fibers 2 are adjusted for optimizing the flow of fluid during use vs the pressure loss, depending on the intended use.
  • the above described method of preparing the heat transfer device 100 enables the possibility to manufacture continuously in an automated and highly efficient process.
  • Fig. 8a shows a method of stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices 100, according to Fig. 3 into a heat transfer system 1 as seen in Fig. 8b by applying a pressure F on the sheet surface 20a.
  • heat is provided in the process of stacking the heat transfer devices 100.
  • the heat transfer devices 100, in Fig. 8a are shown to extend in a depth direction by the dotted lines.
  • the length or depth of the sheets 20 or the heat transfer devices 100 may be selected to any length depending the intended use.
  • the heat transfer system 1 comprises two outer heat transfer devices 100, in the stack of heat transfer devices 100, wherein succeeding, or consecutive bodies of each of the outer heat transfer devices 100, 150 are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300; 301. This forms a channel 5 sealed from the outside by the body material and the sealing element 400.
  • the heat transfer system 1 formed in Fig. 8b comprises a side 4, such as e.g. a cold side 4, and a side 5, such as a warm side 5 being formed by the channel 5.
  • Fig 8c shows an alternative embodiment, as compared to that of Fig. 8b, wherein at least some fibers, or part of fibers, have been removed on the warm side 5 to reduce pressure loss, and/or increase fluid velocity and/or increase fluid flow, which e.g. improves heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and body material.
  • at least some fibers, or part of fibers may alternatively be removed on the cold side 4.
  • channels 50 are formed in the warm side 5 extending length wise along the length of the heat transfer system 1.
  • such heat transfer system 1 as described in Fig. 8b, 8c may be used for a gas-liquid heat transfer system, wherein cold gas flows on the cold side 4, and hot liquid flows on the warm side 5.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 8b may be used for an intercooler, e.g. in a gas-gas heat transfer system 1.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 8c may be used for radiators.
  • Such heat transfer system 1 may e.g. be used for radiators.
  • Fig. 9a shows a method of stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices 100 according to Fig. 4 into a heat transfer system 1 as seen in Fig. 9b by applying a pressure F on the sheet surface 20a.
  • the heat transfer devices 100 comprise a plurality of bodies such as e.g. six bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305.
  • At least a subset of consecutive or succeeding bodies of the plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 of the two outer heat transfer devices 100 are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300; 301302, 303, 304, 305.
  • At least a subset of the bodies of the two outer heat transfer devices 100 form pair of bodies 300, 301 ; 302, 303; 304, 305; wherein each of the pair of bodies 300, 301 ; 302, 303; 304, 305 of two outer heat transfer system devices 100, in the stack of heat transfer devices 100, are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300; 301302, 303, 304, 305.
  • the pair of bodies are formed of succeeding or consecutive bodies.
  • an entire sheet 4000 (not shown) of the sealing element 400 covers the entire surface portion 20a of the heat transfer device 100.
  • the heat transfer devices 100 comprise an even number of plurality of bodies, wherein the even number of plurality of bodies 300, 301 form pair of bodies 300; 301 , wherein each of the pair of bodies 300; 301 , of two outer heat transfer system devices 100, in the stack of heat transfer devices 100, are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300;
  • the heat transfer system 1 formed in Fig. 9b and resulting from the method of Fig. 9a comprises a side 4, such as e.g. a cold side 4, and a side 5, such as a warm side 5 being formed by the channel 5.
  • a side 4 such as e.g. a cold side 4
  • the heat transfer system 1 forms a plurality of cold sides 4 and warm sides 5. Any number of bodies 300 may be used in a heat transfer system 1 according to the described embodiment.
  • the heat transfer system 1 may e.g. be used for CPU heat sinks, e.g. in a fluid-contact heat transfer system 1.
  • Fig. 1 discloses fibers 2 extending from one surface 300a of the at least one body, i.e. the cold side 4.
  • the opposite warm side 5 may be directly adjoined by the CPU, wherein the CPU contacts a cross- section of the fibers 2.
  • Such structure is preferable in applications where heat is transferred from a warm object instead of between two fluids, e.g. from a CPU to ambient air.
  • the application may also be used where space is very limited.
  • the heat transfer system 1 according to Fig. 10a may alternatively be formed by using the heat transfer device of Fig. 2 and applying a cut at the middle of the body 300 and along the length of the body 300.
  • FIG. 10b Yet another embodiment, can be seen in Fig. 10b, wherein a similar procedure is as in Fig. 8a, 9a, 10a is applied, by using a heat transfer device of Fig. 3 and applying a cut at the middle of the bodies 300, 301 and along the length of the body 300, 301.
  • a heat transfer device of Fig. 3 and applying a cut at the middle of the bodies 300, 301 and along the length of the body 300, 301.
  • fibers are held in place by an upper and lower body, ensuring that they do not fold when a cooling fluid is forced through the fibers.
  • the body provide structural integrity to the heat transfer system 1.
  • Fig. 11 a shows a fluid duct 600 for directing a cooling fluid through fibers 2 of a cold side 4 of a heat transfer device 1.
  • the heat transfer system 1 is a heat transfer system 1 according to Fig. 10a. Cooling fluid flows through or enters the elongated duct at a portion 610, flows via a connecting portion 620 configured to comprise the heat transfer device 1 and further comprises a duct opening 630 for enabling the cooling fluid to exit the fluid duct 600 after heat has been transferred to the cold side 4 from the warm side 5 via the fibers 2, e.g via a CPU bearing against the end of the fibers 2 on the warm side 5.
  • the connecting portion 620 has a wedge shape, such as e.g.
  • the pyramidal shape enables a high fluid velocity through the fluid duct 600, through the narrower portion 610 and further through the heat transfer device, which increases the heat transfer coefficient, but still enables the fitting of the heat transfer system 1 , which requires a certain, larger space to comprise a sufficient number of fibers 2 and surface area to provide a sufficient heat transfer efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 1 b shows an exploded side view of the fluid duct 600 according to Fig. 1 1 a.
  • FIG. 1 1 c shows a side view, such as a front view, of the fluid duct 600 according to Fig.1 1 a and 1 1 b and the duct opening 630.
  • Fig 1 1 d shows a side view, such as a rear view, of the fluid duct 600 according to Fig.1 1 a-1 1 c, lacking the duct opening 630.
  • the sealing element 400 is formed by the same material as the body material or materials. According to one embodiment, the sealing element 400 material is selected among the materials described herein for the body material.
  • the number of thermally conducting fibers 2 per square centimeter of the heat transfer device 100 such as e.g. seen in plane B-B in Fig. 6b, i.e. the yz-plane, needs to adjusted to increase or decrease the pressure drop of the fluid depending on use or application.
  • the thickness of the heat transfer device 1 may be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of fibers in each heat transfer device 100.
  • the thickness of the sheet 20a is thereby increased or decreased respectively. As seen in Fig.
  • shims 40 are arranged between the bodies 300, of adjacent heat transfer devices 100.
  • a shim 40 is also referred to as a spacer.
  • shims 40 may be provided between each bodies of adjacent heat transfer devices 100.
  • each shim 40 is joined to the body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 which is in contact with the shim 40.
  • at least one shim 40 is provided on the at least one body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305.
  • the shim 40 may be provided on one or both sides of the at least one body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305.
  • the joining may be carried out by applying a pressure P and, optionally, heat, and optionally, an adhesive. As seen in Fig. 12b, a cut may be applied at the middle of the bodies 300, 301 , 302, 202, 204, 205, and the shims 40. when forming the heat transfer system 100.
  • the heat transfer devices 100 of the heat transfer system 100 are separated by a certain distance, making the overall fiber structure less dense compared to if they were joined directly to each other.
  • the shims 40 are made of aluminum or copper.
  • the shims 40 are made of a material with a high thermal conductivity.
  • the shims are made of a metal.
  • the shims 40 are the same or selected among the examples in this description for the body 300 comprising e.g.
  • thermosetting resins such as e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinylester, thermoplastic materials
  • the shims have a height in the interval of 0,1 mm ⁇ h ⁇ 10 mm. According to one embodiment, the height is measured in a z- direction.
  • Fig. 12c shows a heat transfer system 1 according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising six heat transfer devices 100 each comprising a plurality of bodies such as in this case two bodies 300, 301 , respectively, with intermediate shims 40 arranged between the bodies 300, 301 of adjacent heat transfer devices 100.
  • Fig. 13a-13c shows a device 1000 comprising a press device 500, for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100 comprising shims 40.
  • Fig. 13a further discloses a sheet 20 and strips 30a, 30b of body material.
  • strips 30a, 30b, of body material are joined together with a shim 40, respectively, resulting in a combination of the parts, forming a package as seen in Fig. 13a.
  • the joining may be carried out by applying a pressure P and, optionally, heat, and optionally, an adhesive.
  • this process is carried out in a press device 500.
  • the shim 40 works as a carrier for the strip 30a, 30b, of body material respectively.
  • the carrier facilitates handling of the shim 40/strip 30a, 30b combination or package during transport and preparation/manufacturing.
  • the combination will be more rigid and it will be easier to maintain a certain size and/or width of the strip 30a,
  • shim 40 and strips 30a, 30b of body material packages are used together with thermally conducting fibers 2 to form a heat transfer device 100, in an analogous manner as described in Fig. 5, Fig. 6a, 6b.
  • Fig. 13c shows a heat transfer device 100, as prepared by the device 1000, along the corresponding section B-B as described herein.
  • Fig. 14 discloses a step of preparing a heat transfer system 1 by providing material for preparing a plurality of heat transfer devices 100.
  • every other heat transfer device 100 to be formed is provided with shims 40 and every other without shims 40, in a single pressing step using a pressing device 500 of the device 1000.
  • an intermediate shim is provided between adjacent heat transfer devices 100, respectively.
  • a preferred embodiment of a heat transfer device 100 or heat transfer system 1 , use of a heat transfer device 100 or heat transfer system 1 , a method of preparing a heat transfer device 1 or heat transfer system 100 according to the invention has been described. Flowever, the person skilled in the art realizes that this can be varied within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the inventive idea.
  • the heat transfer system is a heat exchanger.
  • heat transfer devices and systems described are used in electronic systems, mechanical systems, computer implemented systems, chemical systems and/or vehicle systems (including space vehicles).
  • heat transfer devices and systems described are configured to be used in electronic systems, mechanical systems, computer implemented systems, chemical systems and/or vehicle systems (including space vehicles).

Abstract

A heat transfer device (100) comprising at least one body(300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305) and thermally conducting fibers (2) extending throught heat least one body(300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305) and extending out from the at least one body (300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305) from at least one surface (300a, 300b, 301a, 301b, 302a, 302b, 303a, 303b, 304a, 304b, 305a, 305b) of the at least one body(300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305), wherein the thermally conducting fibers(2)have a length of at least 1mm, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 50W/mK, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a diameter of at least 4micrometers.

Description

HEAT TRANSFER DEVICE
Technical field
[0001 ] The present invention relates generally to a heat transfer device, a heat transfer system and a method of preparing the same.
Background art
[0002] It is known to use heat conducting carbon fibers in heat sinks. Such heat sinks typically employs a single body formed of heat conductive metal providing a high thermal conductivity.
[0003] A drawback of known solutions is that the metal content of the wall increases cost of production, and the current manufacturing methods involves casting or molding around the fibers which is an inefficient method that increases the thickness of the wall during production and further limits the available length of the fibers and/or requires further manufacturing steps to expose carbon fiber ends. Another drawback of is that the short length of the fibers reduces the efficiency and thus the transferred heat power.
Summary of invention
[0004] An object of the present invention is to alleviate some of the
disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a heat transfer device, and a heat transfer system which increases heat transfer efficiency. A further object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer device and system which enables a high degree of freedom in forming the heat transfer device and system depending on the indented use. A further object of the present invention is to provide methods of preparing the heat transfer device or system. A further object of the present invention is to provide methods of preparing the heat transfer device or system that is more efficient than current methods.
[0005] According to one embodiment of the invention, a heat transfer device is provided comprising at least one body and thermally conducting fibers extending through the at least one body and extending out from the at least one body from at least one surface of the at least one body, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a length of at least 1 mm, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers.
[0006] According to one embodiment, the at least one body comprises at least 30 wt% non-metallic material(s), preferably at least 70 wt % non-metallic material(s), more preferably at least 90 wt% non-metallic material(s), most preferably 100 wt% non-metallic material(s).
[0007] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of 50-300 W/mK, preferably 301-799, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK.
[0008] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers extend from at least two surfaces of the at least one body.
[0009] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers comprises free ends.
[0010] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers preferably have a diameter of 4-15 micrometers, more preferably 7-10 micrometers.
[0011 ] According to one embodiment, the at least one body comprises resin and/or thermoplastic materials.
[0012] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers are carbon fibers.
[0013] According to one embodiment, the at least two surfaces of the at least one body are opposing surfaces.
[0014] According to one embodiment, the heat transfer device comprises a plurality of bodies, wherein the thermally conducting fibers extend through the plurality of bodies. [0015] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers extending out from each of the plurality of bodies from a top and bottom surface respectively.
[0016] According to one embodiment, the plurality of bodies are positioned substantially equidistant from each other.
[0017] According to one embodiment, the heat transfer device is in the form of a sheet.
[0018] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface of the sheet.
[0019] According to one embodiment at least one shim is provided on the at least one body.
[0020] According to one embodiment of the invention, a heat transfer device is provided comprising at least one body and thermally conducting fibers extending through the at least one body and extending out from the at least one body from at least one surface of the at least one body, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a length of at least 1 mm, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface of the sheet.
[0021 ] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers (2) have a conductivity of 50-1000 W/mK, preferably 300-1000, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK. [0022] According to one embodiment, a heat transfer device is provided comprising at least one body and thermally conducting fibers extending through the at least one body and extending out from the at least one body from at least one surface of the at least one body, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface of the sheet.
[0023] According to one embodiment a heat transfer system is provided, comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices according to any embodiment
[0005]-[00022] stacked to each other wherein the at least one body or plurality of bodies of adjacent heat transfer devices are bonded to each other.
[0024] According to one embodiment, at least a subset of consecutive bodies of the plurality of bodies of the two outer heat transfer devices are interconnected by a sealing element extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies.
[0025] According to one embodiment, the heat transfer system is a heat exchanger.
[0026] Use of the heat transfer device or heat transfer system according to any embodiment [0005]-[0025], in electronic systems, mechanical systems, computer implemented systems, chemical systems and/or vehicle systems (including space vehicles).
[0027] According to one embodiment a method of preparing a heat transfer device is provided, comprising the steps of: a. Positioning of thermally conducting fibers directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, b. Positioning of at least one strip of body material in substantially perpendicular direction to said thermally conducting fibers on at least one side said sheet, wherein said body material comprises material or materials which result in said body of the heat transfer device, c. Positioning of said sheet and said at least one strip of body material in a press device, d. Pressing said sheet and said at least one strip against each other by the aid of the press device, e. Administering heat to said sheet and said at least one strip before or inside the press device, wherein the heat turns said strip into a substantially viscous material which is forced into said sheet and thereby creating a body forming a seal between two sides of said sheet, and f. Pulling out the resulting heat transfer device out from the press device, [0028] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: g. And wherein steps a-f are optionally iterated at least once.
[0029] According to one embodiment, a plurality of strips of body material is positioned on said sheet, and wherein the strips are positioned preferably substantially equidistant from each other.
[0030] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers are being pulled from a number of large rolls with bundled fibers.
[0031 ] According to one embodiment, a new part of the sheet having body material positioned on the sheet is positioned into the press device at the same time as the resulting heat transfer device is pulled out from the press device.
[0032] According to one embodiment, a shim is provided on the at least one strip of body material.
[0033] According to one embodiment a heat transfer device is provided, prepared by a method according to any embodiment [0027]-[0032] [0034] According to one embodiment, a method of preparing a heat transfer system comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices according to any
embodiment [0005]-[0022], or comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices prepared by the method according to any embodiment [0027]-[0032] is provided, comprising the steps:
-Stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices to each other,
-Bonding bodies of adjacent heat transfer devices to each other.
[0035] According to one embodiment, the, method further comprising:
-interconnecting at least a subset of consecutive bodies of the two outer heat transfer devices in the stack of heat transfer devices by a sealing element.
[0036] According to one embodiment, the step of bonding bodies of adjacent heat transfer devices to each other is carried out via an intermediate shim.
Brief description of drawings
[0037] The invention is now described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0038] Fig. 1 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0039] Fig. 2 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0040] Fig. 3 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0041 ] Fig. 4 shows a side view of a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention. [0042] Fig. 5 shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to the invention.
[0043] Fig. 6a-6b shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device along section A-A of Fig. 5.
[0044] Fig. 7 shows a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0045] Fig. 8a-8c shows a method of preparing a heat transfer system, and a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0046] Fig. 9a-9b shows a method of preparing a heat transfer system and a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0047] Fig. 10a-10b shows a perspective view of a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0048] Fig. 11 a-11 d shows a fluid duct comprising a heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0049] Fig. 12a-12c shows a heat transfer system according to various embodiments of the invention.
[0050] Fig. 13a-13c shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0051 ] Fig. 14 shows a device for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the invention.
Description of embodiments
[0052] In the following, a detailed description of the invention will be given. In the drawing figures, like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements throughout the several figures. It will be appreciated that these figures are for illustration only and are not in any way restricting the scope of the invention.
[0053] In general, a heat transfer device such as a heat exchanger or heat sink comprises a cold side and warm side and a wall to separate the cold side from the warm side. The heat transfer device is configured to transfer heat from the warm side to the cold side. On either or both sides of the wall, there may be a fluid medium. In some cases, heat is transferred from a non fluid medium such as e.g. mechanical devices. A heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between the fluid and the wall depends on fluid velocity, density etc. Walls should be made thin yet provide sufficient structural integrity. The walls should have a high thermal conductivity.
[0054] Fig. 1 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100, comprising one body 300 and thermally conducting fibers 2 extending through the at least one body 300 and extending out from the at least one body 300 from one surface 300a of the at least one body by the portion 2a. According to one embodiment the thermally conducting fibers 2 and the at least one body forms a wall. According to one embodiment, the body 300 comprises a at least one strip 30a, 30b of body material as can be further seen in Fig. 5. According to one embodiment, the strips 30a, 30b are pre-preg strips. According to one embodiment, the body 300 comprises a first 30a and second 30b strip of body material. According to one embodiment, the strips 30a, 30b of body material comprises material configured to, and with a viscosity that it is sufficient to, impregnate the dry thermally conducting fibers and then become sufficiently stiff to make handling of the heat transfer device 100, or a basic building block thereof, possible. According to one embodiment, suitable material for the body 300 comprises thermosetting resins such as e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinylester, thermoplastic materials. According to one embodiment, the strips 30a, 30b are resin rich strips. According to one embodiment, the body 300 provides a fluid tight seal in a heat transfer device between surfaces 300a, 300b of the body 300. According to one embodiment the strips 30a, 30b may further comprise fibers, particles, metal or other filler material for improving the manufacturing material. According to one embodiment the strips 30a, 30b may consist of such material. According to one embodiment, the at least one body 300 comprises at least 30 wt% non-metallic material(s), preferably at least 70 wt % non-metallic material(s), more preferably at least 90 wt% non- metallic material(s), most preferably 100 wt% non-metallic material(s). The benefit of using non-metallic material or materials in the body 300 above a certain degree is e.g. a lower cost of production. Reducing the cost of production is beneficial in that it enables large volume production. Using the below described thermally conducting fibers 2 with the parameters described below comprising, their thermal conductivity, the relatively large length of the fibers, their small diameter enables the use of a thin, yet to a high degree, metal free, i.e. non-metal body 300.
According to one embodiment, side 4 forms a cold side 4, and side 5 forms a warm side 5.
[0055] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a length of at least 1 mm. According to one embodiment, the length is between 1 mm and 50 mm. According to one embodiment, the length is between 1 mm and 500 mm. According to one embodiment, the length of the fibers can be any length based on the intended use. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a length of at least 2 mm. According to one embodiment the ratio of the length of the fibers extending out from at least one body from at least one surface and the length of the fibers extending through the at least one body is at least 1 :1. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 301 -799, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK.
[0056] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers have a small diameter for creating a large surface area. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers.
According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 preferably have a diameter of 4-15 micrometers, more preferably 7-10 micrometers.
[0057] According to one embodiment, the heat transfer device 100 is in the form of a sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the sheet form comprises a substantially flat form. According to one embodiment, the sheet form comprises a substantially flat form as seen in one plane. According to one embodiment, the sheet form comprises a substantially flat form with a relatively larger extension in two surface directions than in the height direction, herein referred to as the sheet surface 20a. According to one embodiment, the sheet 20 may take any suitable form in the plane, such as e.g. rectangular, circular etc. depending on the intended use.
[0058] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment the sheet surface directions extends in the xy-plane as defined in a coordinate system as seen in Fig. 1. According to one embodiment the fibers are directed in an x-direction of the coordinate system defined in Fig. 1. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 are positioned in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 are positioned in one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are positioned in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, each of the two surface directions are parallel to a vector, respectively, which vectors span the plane being parallel with the sheet surface 20a. According to one embodiment, the surface direction may any of the two surface directions of the sheet surface 20a. According to one embodiment, the two surface directions are parallel to the sheet surface 20.
According to one embodiment, the fibers 2 are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface 20a of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the fibers 2 are directed along a lengthwise surface direction of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the lengthwise surface direction of the sheet 20 is perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the bodies 300. According to one embodiment, the lengthwise direction of the sheet 20 is defined as the direction being parallel to the direction of the fibers 2. According to one embodiment, the lengthwise direction is defined as the direction being perpendicular to the direction of the fibers 2.
According to one embodiment, the width of the sheet of fibers is perpendicular to the length of the sheet of fibers. According to one embodiment, the width of the sheet of fibers is measured in a widthwise direction of the sheet 20, wherein the widthwise direction is perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the positioning and direction of the fibers 2 as described above, at least provides the benefit of providing a practical and high degree of forming heat transfer systems for various intended uses. The heat transfer devices provide the possibility to form smaller as well as larger heat transfer devices or systems depending on the use or other limiting geometries based on the same modular concept and parts.
[0059] By using longer, as well as a smaller diameter of the thermally
conducting fibers 2, the total surface area of the wall may substantially be increased. A large surface area increases the efficiency of transferring heat of the heat transfer system device. Since the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the body and forms the wall, and not by being attached to the body a good thermal conductivity provided since there are no contact problems between the fibers and the body in the wall.
[0060] According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers are carbon fibers. According to other embodiments the thermally conducting fibers are at least one of the following: graphite, copper, aluminium, silver, gold, silicon, boron, or any other thermally conducting material in the form of fibers.
[0061 ] According to one embodiment, the number of the thermally conducting fibers per square centimeter, such as e.g. seen in the plane as shown in section B- B in Fig. 6b, is in the range of T 104-T106 fibers per square centimeter. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 are a plurality of thermally conducting fibers 2. [0062] Fig. 2 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extending out from the at least one body 300 from two surfaces 300a, 300b of the at least one body 300 e.g. by the portions 2a, 2b respectively. According to this embodiment, the different surfaces 300a, 300b, such as the at least two surfaces 300a, 300b, of the at least one body 300 is opposing surfaces 300a, 300b. According to the embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 have free ends 2c. As such the fibers are configured for being free, i.e. have free ends, in the sense that these ends are not connected to any structure to or from which heat is transferred. According to one embodiment, side 4 forms a cold side 4, and side 5 forms a warm side 5.
[0063] Fig. 3 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100 comprising two bodies 300, 301 , wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the at least two bodies 300, 301. According to one embodiment, side 4 forms a cold side 4, and side 5 forms a warm side 5.
[0064] Fig. 4 shows a side view of a heat transfer device 100 comprising six bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305, similar to the body 300 as described above, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the six bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305. According to one embodiment, the heat transfer device 100 comprising a plurality of bodies 300, 301 , ... , N, which may be any suitable number N based on the intended use or application. According to one embodiment, the heat transfer device 100 comprises an even number of plurality of bodies 300,
301 , 302, 303, 304, 305, ... , 2N, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 extend through the even number of plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305, ... , 2N. According to one embodiment, the thermally conducting fibers 2 extending out from each of the plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 from a top and bottom surface 300a, 300b, 301 a, 301 b, 302a, 302b, 303a, 303b, 304a, 304b, 305a, 305b respectively.
[0065] According to one embodiment, the bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 are positioned substantially equidistant from each other. According to one embodiment, any two consecutive bodies 300, 301 are arranged at a similar distance from each other as any other two consecutive bodies 301 , 302.
According to one embodiment the any two consecutive bodies 300, 301 are arranged at a different distance from each other as any other two consecutive bodies 301 , 302.
[0066] Fig. 5 shows a device 1000 for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100 according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a press device 500. According to one embodiment, the press device 500 comprises a heating device 550 further comprising at least one heating device element 551 , 552 for heating at least one of the surfaces of the press device 500. The press device 500 is configured to generate a pressure F to the fibers 2 and strips 30a, 30b of body material and to force the viscous body material into the dry fibers 2. The pressure F can be varied and selected depending on materials used for fibers 2 and/or body 300/strips 30a, 30b, thicknesses, temperatures, and other process parameters. The press device 500 may be any pressure generating device, for instance an hydraulic press, comprising a sufficiently sized flat contact surfaces 510, 520 to fit the desired width of the sheet of fibers 2, and its dimensions and parameters may be selected to optimize the production process and volume.
According to one embodiment, the contact surface 510 is movable in relation to the contact surface 520. After passing the press device 500, the heat transfer device 100 formed may be cut in any desired length.
[0067] Fig. 6a shows a device 1000 for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100, as well as a sheet 20 and said at least one strip 30a, 30b being pressed against each other by the aid of the press device 500, along section A-A of Fig. 5. Fig. 6b shows a heat transfer device 100, prepared by the device 1000 along section B-B of Fig. 5.
[0068] Fig. 7 shows a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100
comprising the steps of: a. Positioning of thermally conducting fibers 2 directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet 20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers 2 are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, b. Positioning of at least one strip 30a, 30b, 31a, 31 b of body material in substantially perpendicular direction to said thermally conducting fibers 2 on at least one side said sheet 20, wherein said body material comprises material or materials which result in said body 300 of the heat transfer device 100, c. Positioning of said sheet and said at least one strip 30a, 30b of body material in a press device 500, d. Pressing said sheet 20 and said at least one strip 30a, 30b against each other by the aid of the press device 500, e. Administering heat to said sheet 20 and said at least one strip 30a, 30b before or inside the press device 500, wherein the heat turns said strip 30a, 30b into a substantially viscous material which is forced into said sheet 20 and thereby creating a body 300 forming a seal between two sides 4, 5 of said sheet 20, and f. Pulling out the resulting heat transfer device 100 out from the press device 500,
[0069] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises the step: g. And wherein steps a-f are optionally iterated at least once.
[0070] According to one embodiment, the heat transfer device is cut in a desired length, with a desired number of bodies. According to one embodiment the cut is carried out across the fibers 2. According to one embodiment, the cut is carried out along the bodies.
[0071 ] According to one embodiment of the method of preparing the heat transfer device, at least a plurality of strips of body material is positioned on said sheet 20, and wherein the strips 30a, 30b and 31 a, 31 b of body material are positioned at a distance from each other on the sheet 20. According to one embodiment, the strips of body material comprises upper strips 30a, 31 a positioned on one (upper) side of the fibers 2 and lower strips 31 a, 31 b positioned at a corresponding position, respectively, on the other (lower) side of the fibers 2.
[0072] According to one embodiment, the strips 30a, 30b and 31 a, 31 b of body material are positioned substantially equidistant from each other. By positioning the strips either substantially equidistant from each other, or, each strip being placed at a predefined distance from another strip enables the manufacturing of similar heat transfer devices 100. Such heat transfer devices may be stacked together and used for forming a heat transfer system as shall be further described in Fig. 8a-8c, 9a-9b.
[0073] According to one embodiment of the method of preparing the heat transfer device 100, the thermally conducting fibers 2 are being pulled from a number of large rolls 200 with bundled fibers 2.
[0074] According to one embodiment of the method of preparing the heat transfer device 100, a new part of the sheet 20 having body material positioned on the sheet 200 is positioned into the press device 500 at the same time as the resulting heat transfer device 100 is pulled out from the press device 500.
[0075] According to one embodiment, the amount of fibers 2 are adjusted for optimizing the flow of fluid during use vs the pressure loss, depending on the intended use.
[0076] According to one embodiment, the above described method of preparing the heat transfer device 100 enables the possibility to manufacture continuously in an automated and highly efficient process.
[0077] Fig. 8a shows a method of stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices 100, according to Fig. 3 into a heat transfer system 1 as seen in Fig. 8b by applying a pressure F on the sheet surface 20a. According to one embodiment heat is provided in the process of stacking the heat transfer devices 100. Thus, the heat transfer devices 100, in Fig. 8a are shown to extend in a depth direction by the dotted lines. By the dotted lines, the length or depth of the sheets 20 or the heat transfer devices 100, may be selected to any length depending the intended use. Thus, the heat transfer system 1 of Fig. 8b comprises a plurality of heat transfer devices 100 stacked to each other wherein the bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 of adjacent heat transfer devices 100, respectively, are bonded to each other by applying a pressure F and, optionally, heat, and optionally an adhesive. According to one embodiment, this process is carried out in a press device 500 as described above. According to one embodiment, the heat transfer system 1 comprises two outer heat transfer devices 100, in the stack of heat transfer devices 100, wherein succeeding, or consecutive bodies of each of the outer heat transfer devices 100, 150 are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300; 301. This forms a channel 5 sealed from the outside by the body material and the sealing element 400. The heat transfer system 1 formed in Fig. 8b comprises a side 4, such as e.g. a cold side 4, and a side 5, such as a warm side 5 being formed by the channel 5.
[0078] Fig 8c shows an alternative embodiment, as compared to that of Fig. 8b, wherein at least some fibers, or part of fibers, have been removed on the warm side 5 to reduce pressure loss, and/or increase fluid velocity and/or increase fluid flow, which e.g. improves heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and body material. According to one embodiment at least some fibers, or part of fibers, may alternatively be removed on the cold side 4. According to one embodiment, channels 50 are formed in the warm side 5 extending length wise along the length of the heat transfer system 1. According to one embodiment, such heat transfer system 1 as described in Fig. 8b, 8c may be used for a gas-liquid heat transfer system, wherein cold gas flows on the cold side 4, and hot liquid flows on the warm side 5. The embodiment of Fig. 8b may be used for an intercooler, e.g. in a gas-gas heat transfer system 1. The embodiment of Fig. 8c may be used for radiators. Such heat transfer system 1 may e.g. be used for radiators.
[0079] Fig. 9a, shows a method of stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices 100 according to Fig. 4 into a heat transfer system 1 as seen in Fig. 9b by applying a pressure F on the sheet surface 20a. Thus, compared to the method described herein is similar to the method described in Fig. 8a, however the heat transfer devices 100 comprise a plurality of bodies such as e.g. six bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305. According to one embodiment, at least a subset of consecutive or succeeding bodies of the plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 of the two outer heat transfer devices 100 are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300; 301302, 303, 304, 305. According to one embodiment, at least a subset of the bodies of the two outer heat transfer devices 100, form pair of bodies 300, 301 ; 302, 303; 304, 305; wherein each of the pair of bodies 300, 301 ; 302, 303; 304, 305 of two outer heat transfer system devices 100, in the stack of heat transfer devices 100, are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300; 301302, 303, 304, 305. According to one embodiment, the pair of bodies are formed of succeeding or consecutive bodies. According to one embodiment, an entire sheet 4000 (not shown) of the sealing element 400 covers the entire surface portion 20a of the heat transfer device 100. According to one embodiment, the heat transfer devices 100 comprise an even number of plurality of bodies, wherein the even number of plurality of bodies 300, 301 form pair of bodies 300; 301 , wherein each of the pair of bodies 300; 301 , of two outer heat transfer system devices 100, in the stack of heat transfer devices 100, are interconnected by a sealing element 400 extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies 300;
301 ). The heat transfer system 1 formed in Fig. 9b and resulting from the method of Fig. 9a, comprises a side 4, such as e.g. a cold side 4, and a side 5, such as a warm side 5 being formed by the channel 5. As seen in Fig. 9b according to one embodiment, the heat transfer system 1 forms a plurality of cold sides 4 and warm sides 5. Any number of bodies 300 may be used in a heat transfer system 1 according to the described embodiment.
[0080] Following a similar procedure as in Fig. 8a, 9a, by using a heat transfer device 100 according to Fig. 1 results in a heat transfer system 1 , as can be seen in Fig. 10a, further disclosing a cold side 4, and a warm side 5. According to one embodiment, the heat transfer system 1 may e.g. be used for CPU heat sinks, e.g. in a fluid-contact heat transfer system 1. Fig. 1 discloses fibers 2 extending from one surface 300a of the at least one body, i.e. the cold side 4. The opposite warm side 5 may be directly adjoined by the CPU, wherein the CPU contacts a cross- section of the fibers 2. Such structure is preferable in applications where heat is transferred from a warm object instead of between two fluids, e.g. from a CPU to ambient air. According to one embodiment the application may also be used where space is very limited.
[0081 ] The heat transfer system 1 according to Fig. 10a may alternatively be formed by using the heat transfer device of Fig. 2 and applying a cut at the middle of the body 300 and along the length of the body 300.
[0082] Yet another embodiment, can be seen in Fig. 10b, wherein a similar procedure is as in Fig. 8a, 9a, 10a is applied, by using a heat transfer device of Fig. 3 and applying a cut at the middle of the bodies 300, 301 and along the length of the body 300, 301. Flerein, fibers are held in place by an upper and lower body, ensuring that they do not fold when a cooling fluid is forced through the fibers. Thus, according to one embodiment, the body provide structural integrity to the heat transfer system 1.
[0083] Fig. 11 a shows a fluid duct 600 for directing a cooling fluid through fibers 2 of a cold side 4 of a heat transfer device 1. According to one embodiment, the heat transfer system 1 is a heat transfer system 1 according to Fig. 10a. Cooling fluid flows through or enters the elongated duct at a portion 610, flows via a connecting portion 620 configured to comprise the heat transfer device 1 and further comprises a duct opening 630 for enabling the cooling fluid to exit the fluid duct 600 after heat has been transferred to the cold side 4 from the warm side 5 via the fibers 2, e.g via a CPU bearing against the end of the fibers 2 on the warm side 5. According to one embodiment, the connecting portion 620 has a wedge shape, such as e.g. a pyramidal shape of an increased cross -section area in the cooling fluid flow direction towards the duct opening 630, with the base comprising the heat transfer device 1. According to one embodiment, the pyramidal shape enables a high fluid velocity through the fluid duct 600, through the narrower portion 610 and further through the heat transfer device, which increases the heat transfer coefficient, but still enables the fitting of the heat transfer system 1 , which requires a certain, larger space to comprise a sufficient number of fibers 2 and surface area to provide a sufficient heat transfer efficiency. Fig. 1 1 b shows an exploded side view of the fluid duct 600 according to Fig. 1 1 a. Fig. 1 1 c shows a side view, such as a front view, of the fluid duct 600 according to Fig.1 1 a and 1 1 b and the duct opening 630. Fig 1 1 d shows a side view, such as a rear view, of the fluid duct 600 according to Fig.1 1 a-1 1 c, lacking the duct opening 630.
[0084] According to one embodiment, the sealing element 400 is formed by the same material as the body material or materials. According to one embodiment, the sealing element 400 material is selected among the materials described herein for the body material.
[0085] According to one embodiment, the number of thermally conducting fibers 2 per square centimeter of the heat transfer device 100, such as e.g. seen in plane B-B in Fig. 6b, i.e. the yz-plane, needs to adjusted to increase or decrease the pressure drop of the fluid depending on use or application. According to one embodiment, the thickness of the heat transfer device 1 may be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of fibers in each heat transfer device 100. According to one embodiment, the thickness of the sheet 20a is thereby increased or decreased respectively. As seen in Fig. 12a, according to one embodiment, in the forming of a heat transfer system 100, by stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices 100, shims 40 are arranged between the bodies 300, of adjacent heat transfer devices 100. According to one embodiment, a shim 40 is also referred to as a spacer. According to one embodiment, if each of the heat transfer devices 100 comprises a plurality of bodies 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305, shims 40, may be provided between each bodies of adjacent heat transfer devices 100.
According to one embodiment, each shim 40 is joined to the body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 which is in contact with the shim 40. According to one embodiment, at least one shim 40 is provided on the at least one body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305. According to one embodiment, the shim 40 may be provided on one or both sides of the at least one body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305. According to one embodiment, bonding of the at least one body 300,
300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 of adjacent heat transfer devices 100 is carried out via an intermediate shim 40. According to one embodiment, bonding of the at least one body 300, 300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305 of adjacent heat transfer devices 100 is achieved via an intermediate shim 40. According to one embodiment, the joining may be carried out by applying a pressure P and, optionally, heat, and optionally, an adhesive. As seen in Fig. 12b, a cut may be applied at the middle of the bodies 300, 301 , 302, 202, 204, 205, and the shims 40. when forming the heat transfer system 100. Thus, as a result of the above, the heat transfer devices 100 of the heat transfer system 100 are separated by a certain distance, making the overall fiber structure less dense compared to if they were joined directly to each other. According to one embodiment, the shims 40 are made of aluminum or copper. According to one embodiment, the shims 40 are made of a material with a high thermal conductivity. According to one embodiment, the shims are made of a metal. According to one embodiment, the shims 40 are the same or selected among the examples in this description for the body 300 comprising e.g.
thermosetting resins such as e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinylester, thermoplastic materials According to one embodiment, the shims have a height in the interval of 0,1 mm<h<10 mm. According to one embodiment, the height is measured in a z- direction. Fig. 12c shows a heat transfer system 1 according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising six heat transfer devices 100 each comprising a plurality of bodies such as in this case two bodies 300, 301 , respectively, with intermediate shims 40 arranged between the bodies 300, 301 of adjacent heat transfer devices 100.
[0086] Fig. 13a-13c shows a device 1000 comprising a press device 500, for carrying out a method of preparing a heat transfer device 100 comprising shims 40. Fig. 13a further discloses a sheet 20 and strips 30a, 30b of body material. In a first step, strips 30a, 30b, of body material are joined together with a shim 40, respectively, resulting in a combination of the parts, forming a package as seen in Fig. 13a. According to one embodiment, the joining may be carried out by applying a pressure P and, optionally, heat, and optionally, an adhesive. According to one embodiment, this process is carried out in a press device 500. As a result of this step, the shim 40 works as a carrier for the strip 30a, 30b, of body material respectively. According to one embodiment, by using a separate, more rigid material for the shims 40, such as e.g. metal, compared to the body material, the carrier facilitates handling of the shim 40/strip 30a, 30b combination or package during transport and preparation/manufacturing. The combination will be more rigid and it will be easier to maintain a certain size and/or width of the strip 30a,
30b during handling. In a further step, as seen in Fig. 13b, shim 40 and strips 30a, 30b of body material packages are used together with thermally conducting fibers 2 to form a heat transfer device 100, in an analogous manner as described in Fig. 5, Fig. 6a, 6b. Fig. 13c, shows a heat transfer device 100, as prepared by the device 1000, along the corresponding section B-B as described herein.
[0087] Fig. 14 discloses a step of preparing a heat transfer system 1 by providing material for preparing a plurality of heat transfer devices 100. In this step, according to one embodiment, every other heat transfer device 100 to be formed is provided with shims 40 and every other without shims 40, in a single pressing step using a pressing device 500 of the device 1000. Thus, according to one embodiment, an intermediate shim is provided between adjacent heat transfer devices 100, respectively.
[0088] A preferred embodiment of a heat transfer device 100 or heat transfer system 1 , use of a heat transfer device 100 or heat transfer system 1 , a method of preparing a heat transfer device 1 or heat transfer system 100 according to the invention has been described. Flowever, the person skilled in the art realizes that this can be varied within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the inventive idea.
[0089] According to one embodiment, the heat transfer system is a heat exchanger. According to one embodiment, heat transfer devices and systems described are used in electronic systems, mechanical systems, computer implemented systems, chemical systems and/or vehicle systems (including space vehicles). According to one embodiment, heat transfer devices and systems described are configured to be used in electronic systems, mechanical systems, computer implemented systems, chemical systems and/or vehicle systems (including space vehicles). [0090] All the described alternative embodiments above or parts of an embodiment can be freely combined without departing from the inventive idea as long as the combination is not contradictory.

Claims

1. A heat transfer device (100) comprising at least one body (300, 301 ,
302, 303, 304, 305) and thermally conducting fibers (2) extending through the at least one body (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) and extending out from the at least one body (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) from at least one surface (300a, 300b, 301 a, 301 b, 302a, 302b, 303a, 303b, 304a, 304b, 305a, 305b) of the at least one body (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305), wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) have a length of at least 1 mm, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a conductivity of at least 50 W/mK, wherein the thermally conducting fibers have a diameter of at least 4 micrometers, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) are positioned and directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet (20), wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, wherein the fibers (2) are directed along a surface direction of a sheet surface (20a) of the sheet (20).
2. The heat transfer device (100) according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one body (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) comprises at least 30 wt% non-metallic material(s), preferably at least 70 wt % non-metallic material(s), more preferably at least 90 wt% non-metallic material(s), most preferably 100 wt% non-metallic material(s).
3. The heat transfer device (100) according any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) have a conductivity of 50-1000 W/mK, preferably 300-1000, more preferably 800-1000 W/mK.
4. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) extend from at least two surfaces (300a, 300b) of the at least one body (300).
5. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) comprises free ends (2c).
6. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) preferably have a diameter of 4-15 micrometers, more preferably 7-10 micrometers.
7. The heat transfer device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one body (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) comprises resin and/or thermoplastic materials.
8. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) are carbon fibers.
9. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims 4-8, wherein the at least two surfaces (300a, 300b) of the at least one body (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) are opposing surfaces (300a, 300b).
10. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heat transfer device (100) comprises a plurality of bodies (300, 301 ,
302, 303, 304, 305), wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) extend through the plurality of bodies (300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350).
11. The heat transfer device (100), according to claim 10, wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) are extending out from each of the plurality of bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) from a top and bottom surface (300a, 300b, 301 a, 301 b, 302a, 302b, 303a, 303b, 304a, 304b, 305a, 305b) respectively.
12. The heat transfer device (100), according to any of the preceding claims 10-11 , wherein the plurality of bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) are
positioned substantially equidistant from each other.
13. The heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heat transfer device (100) is in the form of a sheet (20).
14. Heat transfer device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one shim 40 is provided on the at least one body (300, 301 , 302,
303, 304, 305).
15. Heat transfer system (1 ) comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices (100) according to any of the preceding claims 1 -14, stacked to each other wherein the at least one body or plurality of bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) of adjacent heat transfer devices (100) are bonded to each other.
16. The heat transfer system (1 ) according to claim 15, wherein at least a subset of consecutive bodies of the plurality bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) of two outer heat transfer devices (100), in the stack of heat transfer devices (100) are interconnected by a sealing element (400) extending along a lengthwise direction of the bodies (300; 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305).
17. Heat transfer system (1 ) according to any one of the previous preceding claims 15-16, wherein the heat transfer system (1 ) is a heat exchanger.
18. Use of the heat transfer device (100) or heat transfer system (1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims in electronic systems, mechanical systems, computer implemented systems, chemical systems and/or vehicle systems (including space vehicles).
19. Method of preparing a heat transfer device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-14 comprising the steps of: a. Positioning of thermally conducting fibers (2) directed in mainly one direction in the form of a sheet (20), wherein the thermally conducting fibers (2) are preferably positioned substantially in parallel to each other, b. Positioning of at least one strip (30a, 30b, 31 a, 31 b) of body material in substantially perpendicular direction to said thermally conducting fibers (2) on at least one side said sheet (20), wherein said body material comprises material or materials which result in said body (300) of the heat transfer device (100), c. Positioning of said sheet and said at least one strip (30a, 30b) of body material in a press device (500), d. Pressing said sheet 20 and said at least one strip (30a, 30b) against each other by the aid of the press device (500), e. Administering heat to said sheet (20) and said at least one strip (30a, 30b) before or inside the press device (500), wherein the heat turns said strip (30a, 30b) into a substantially viscous material which is forced into said sheet (20) and thereby creating a body (300) forming a seal between two sides (4, 5) of said sheet (20), and f. Pulling out the resulting heat transfer device (100) out from the press device (500),
20. Method according to claim 19, wherein a plurality of strips (30a, 31 a; 30b, 31 b) of body material is positioned on said sheet (20), and wherein the strips (30b, 31 b), are positioned preferably substantially equidistant from each other.
21. Method according to any of the preceding claims 19-20, wherein the thermally conducting fibers are being pulled from a number of large rolls (200) with bundled fibers (2).
22. Method according to any of the preceding claims 19-21 , wherein a new part of the sheet (20) having body material positioned on the sheet (20) is positioned into the press device (500) at the same time as the resulting heat transfer device (100) is pulled out from the press device (500).
23. Method according to any of the preceding claims 19-22, wherein a shim 40 is provided on the at least one strip (30a, 31 a; 30b, 31 b) of body material.
24. Heat transfer device (100) prepared by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 19-23.
25. Method of preparing a heat transfer system (1 ), comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices (100) according to any of the preceding claims 1 -14, or comprising a plurality of heat transfer devices (100) prepared by the method according to claims 19-23, comprising the steps: Stacking a plurality of heat transfer devices (100) to each other,
- Bonding bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) of adjacent heat transfer devices (100) to each other.
26. Method according to claim 23, further comprising:
-interconnecting at least a subset of consecutive bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) of the two outer heat transfer devices 100 in the stack of heat transfer devices 100 by a sealing element (400).
27. Method according to any of the preceding claims 25-26, wherein the step of bonding bodies (300, 301 , 302, 303, 304, 305) of adjacent heat transfer devices (100) to each other is carried out via an intermediate shim (40).
PCT/SE2020/050206 2019-03-26 2020-02-21 Heat transfer device WO2020197462A1 (en)

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