WO2020190221A1 - A fuel - Google Patents

A fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020190221A1
WO2020190221A1 PCT/TR2019/050174 TR2019050174W WO2020190221A1 WO 2020190221 A1 WO2020190221 A1 WO 2020190221A1 TR 2019050174 W TR2019050174 W TR 2019050174W WO 2020190221 A1 WO2020190221 A1 WO 2020190221A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
component
cotton
pellet
trash
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2019/050174
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Süleyman İlker ERTUNA
Aslı ATAR
Fatma KARAOĞLU
Nazlı DİNDAR
Mustafa İnalöz
Original Assignee
Menderes Teksti̇l San. Ve Ti̇c. A.Ş.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Menderes Teksti̇l San. Ve Ti̇c. A.Ş. filed Critical Menderes Teksti̇l San. Ve Ti̇c. A.Ş.
Priority to PCT/TR2019/050174 priority Critical patent/WO2020190221A1/en
Publication of WO2020190221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020190221A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/08—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting without the aid of extraneous binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel comprising of biomass, especially a fuel in the form of a pellet.
  • Biomass which is one of the alternative energy sources, is a suitable energy source because it is both renewable and available upon demand.
  • One of the ways of using the biomass is to put it in a pellet form and burn it when energy is required.
  • pellets are produced by putting the biomass together with a binding agent, and then pressing them together.
  • the binding agent enables the biomass particles to be held together.
  • Corn starch is generally used as a binding agent.
  • Using a binding agent, as a separate component, in pellet production causes the cost of production of the pellets to rise, and burning characteristics of the pellets to change.
  • the cotton gin trash is used in the production of pellets.
  • the cotton gin trash also contains non-combustible impurities such as sand, soil and stones, these impurities need to be separated via a separate process. This, in turn, increases the cost of production of pellets.
  • US2014352854 in the state of the art discloses a fuel production method.
  • biomass acquired from various fields is used.
  • the acquired fuel might be formed as a pellet.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an alternative fuel.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel in pellet form producible without adding, externally, a binding agent.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel which does not need the wastes resulted from cotton to be sifted.
  • the inventive fuel comprises at least cotton trash.
  • the cotton trash comprises the impurities separated from the spinning plant during the carding process, such as calyces, leaves, nodes, seeds of the cotton plant.
  • the non-combustible impurities, such as sand, soil and stones, inside the impurities separated from the cotton plant during the carding process are less than the non-combustible impurities inside the impurities separated by the ginning process.
  • the impurities separated during the carding process contain less combustible material, they are expected to be a worse fuel component than the impurities separated by the ginning process.
  • our experiments showed us that using the impurities acquired by the carding process as a fuel is more cost effective and more efficient than the impurities acquired by the ginning process.
  • the inventive fuel comprises at least one, second component which has a lower combustion speed than the cotton trash, which controls the burning rate of the fuel.
  • the burning rate of the inventive fuel can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the cotton trash and the second component with respect to each other.
  • the ratio of the cotton trash is increased, and when the burning rate of the fuel is required to be decreased, the ratio of the second component, which has a lower combustion speed, is increased.
  • the cotton trash and the second component could be mixed in any desired ratio.
  • the main purpose of the second component is to control the burning rate of the fuel, since it has a different calorific value than the cotton trash, it can be used for changing the calorific value of the fuel, as well. In other words, by changing the ratio of the second component, which has a different heat of combustion than the cotton trash, to the cotton trash, the heat of combustion of the obtained fuel can be changed.
  • the preferred ratio, by weight, of the cotton trash to second component for using the inventive fuel in steam generators or household heating is 1 part cotton trash 1 part second component to 6 parts cotton trash to 1 part second component. Even though this is optimal ratio, the cotton trash and the second component could be mixed in any desired ratio.
  • At least one second component is wood dust acquired by grinding the waste wooden pallets.
  • the second component might comprise more than one material.
  • the materials inside the second component are preferably cellulosic, however, any material having a burning rate lower than the cotton trash could be used as the second component. These materials include, but are not limited to wood, agricultural waste, paper, cardboard etc. What is important is that the second component has a lower burning rate than the cotton trash.
  • the inventive fuel comprises at least one heat regulating component which has a different calorific value than the cotton trash, for changing the calorific value of the fuel.
  • the heat regulating component could be mixed with the cotton trash alone, or with cotton trash and the second component. This way, different fuel pellets can be aimed for different purposes. For example, while fuel pellets for household use could be enabled to be burnt dissipating relatively less heat, fuel pellets for heating a steam generator could be enabled to be burnt dissipating relatively more heat.
  • the production method for the inventive fuel pellets comprises the steps of mixing the components and then compressing them via a press so as to give them the pellet form.
  • the fuel pellet could be acquired using only the cotton trash, a mixture of the cotton trash and the second component, a mixture of the cotton trash and the heat regulating component or a mixture of all these components.
  • the cotton fibers, lignin and oil inside the cotton trash is sufficient for keeping the pellet together after the pressing process. This way, the inventive pellet shaped fuel does not need an external binding agent to be produced.
  • the section of the inventive fuel pellet might have any geometric shape.
  • the said cross-sectional shape does not need to be the same along the length of the pellet.
  • the inventive pellet could also have a cylindrical, prismatic, regular or irregular polyhedron, or spherical structure.
  • the inventive fuel pellet could be produced in any desired length.
  • the width and length of the inventive pellet could be the same as or different from each other.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an alternative fuel which does not need the wastes resulting from cotton to be separately sifted, which can be put into a pellet form without adding an external binding agent; a method for producing pellet from the said fuel and a fuel pellet produced according to the said method.

Description

A FUEL Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel comprising of biomass, especially a fuel in the form of a pellet. Background of the Invention
In the twenty -first century, the energy required for household and industrial use is acquired from renewable and non-renewable sources. Fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal are forms of non-renewable sources of energy. Carbon dioxide which is a result from the combustion of fossil fuels is one of the main sources of global warming. Hence, alternative sources of energy are needed in order to reduce the consumption of said fossil fuels.
The most important quality sought for in the alternative energy sources is that the said source is renewable. Even though sources such as solar energy and wind energy meet a fraction of the energy requirement, the said sources might not be available to meet the demand instantly. Hence, an energy source which is available to be used whenever required is needed. Biomass, which is one of the alternative energy sources, is a suitable energy source because it is both renewable and available upon demand. One of the ways of using the biomass is to put it in a pellet form and burn it when energy is required.
In the state of the art, pellets are produced by putting the biomass together with a binding agent, and then pressing them together. The binding agent enables the biomass particles to be held together. Corn starch is generally used as a binding agent.
Using a binding agent, as a separate component, in pellet production causes the cost of production of the pellets to rise, and burning characteristics of the pellets to change.
In the state of the art, it is known that the cotton gin trash is used in the production of pellets. However, since the cotton gin trash also contains non-combustible impurities such as sand, soil and stones, these impurities need to be separated via a separate process. This, in turn, increases the cost of production of pellets.
For the cotton to be used in production of textiles it needs to be carded after being ginned. During this process, the impurities remaining in the plant are cleaned out. Said impurities are then buried into the land via unsanitary disposal. This process both increases the costs and is harmful for the environment. Carding wastes need to be eliminated without increasing costs and without harming the environment.
The United States patent document numbered US2014352854 in the state of the art discloses a fuel production method. In the said method, biomass acquired from various fields is used. The acquired fuel might be formed as a pellet.
The United States patent, document numbered US2007220805 in the state of the art discloses a homogenous fuel comprising of biomass. Carding wastes are one of the biomasses which is suitable for producing the said fuel.
However, a pellet which could be prepared without adding an external binding agent and which does not need the wastes resulting from cotton to be sifted, is not disclosed.
Short Description of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide an alternative fuel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel in pellet form producible without adding, externally, a binding agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel which does not need the wastes resulted from cotton to be sifted.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The inventive fuel comprises at least cotton trash. The cotton trash comprises the impurities separated from the spinning plant during the carding process, such as calyces, leaves, nodes, seeds of the cotton plant. The non-combustible impurities, such as sand, soil and stones, inside the impurities separated from the cotton plant during the carding process are less than the non-combustible impurities inside the impurities separated by the ginning process. According to the teachings of the state of the art, since the impurities separated during the carding process contain less combustible material, they are expected to be a worse fuel component than the impurities separated by the ginning process. However, our experiments showed us that using the impurities acquired by the carding process as a fuel is more cost effective and more efficient than the impurities acquired by the ginning process.
In an embodiment of the invention, the inventive fuel comprises at least one, second component which has a lower combustion speed than the cotton trash, which controls the burning rate of the fuel. The burning rate of the inventive fuel can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the cotton trash and the second component with respect to each other. When the burning rate of the fuel is required to be increased, the ratio of the cotton trash is increased, and when the burning rate of the fuel is required to be decreased, the ratio of the second component, which has a lower combustion speed, is increased. The cotton trash and the second component could be mixed in any desired ratio. Even though the main purpose of the second component is to control the burning rate of the fuel, since it has a different calorific value than the cotton trash, it can be used for changing the calorific value of the fuel, as well. In other words, by changing the ratio of the second component, which has a different heat of combustion than the cotton trash, to the cotton trash, the heat of combustion of the obtained fuel can be changed.
According to our experiments, the preferred ratio, by weight, of the cotton trash to second component for using the inventive fuel in steam generators or household heating is 1 part cotton trash 1 part second component to 6 parts cotton trash to 1 part second component. Even though this is optimal ratio, the cotton trash and the second component could be mixed in any desired ratio.
In an embodiment of the invention, at least one second component is wood dust acquired by grinding the waste wooden pallets. By this way, majority of the inventive pellet shaped fuel is produced by recycled materials. Hence, the inventive pellet shaped fuel reduces the cost of disposing of wastes, and prevents the environment from being harmed by the said wastes.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second component might comprise more than one material. The materials inside the second component are preferably cellulosic, however, any material having a burning rate lower than the cotton trash could be used as the second component. These materials include, but are not limited to wood, agricultural waste, paper, cardboard etc. What is important is that the second component has a lower burning rate than the cotton trash.
In an embodiment of the invention, the inventive fuel comprises at least one heat regulating component which has a different calorific value than the cotton trash, for changing the calorific value of the fuel. The heat regulating component could be mixed with the cotton trash alone, or with cotton trash and the second component. This way, different fuel pellets can be aimed for different purposes. For example, while fuel pellets for household use could be enabled to be burnt dissipating relatively less heat, fuel pellets for heating a steam generator could be enabled to be burnt dissipating relatively more heat. The production method for the inventive fuel pellets comprises the steps of mixing the components and then compressing them via a press so as to give them the pellet form. The fuel pellet could be acquired using only the cotton trash, a mixture of the cotton trash and the second component, a mixture of the cotton trash and the heat regulating component or a mixture of all these components. The cotton fibers, lignin and oil inside the cotton trash is sufficient for keeping the pellet together after the pressing process. This way, the inventive pellet shaped fuel does not need an external binding agent to be produced.
The section of the inventive fuel pellet might have any geometric shape. The said cross-sectional shape does not need to be the same along the length of the pellet. The inventive pellet could also have a cylindrical, prismatic, regular or irregular polyhedron, or spherical structure.
In an embodiment of the invention, the inventive fuel pellet could be produced in any desired length. The width and length of the inventive pellet could be the same as or different from each other.

Claims

1. A fuel which does not need the wastes resulting from cotton to be separately sifted, it is characterized in that it comprises at least cotton trash.
2. A fuel like in Claim 1 characterized by at least one second component which has a lower combustion speed than the cotton trash, for controlling the burning rate of the fuel.
3. A fuel as in Claim 2 characterized by at least one second component which has a lower heat of combustion than the cotton trash, for controlling the heat of combustion of the fuel.
4. A fuel as in any of the Claims 2 or 3 characterized by the at least one second component comprising wood dust acquired by grinding the waste wooden pallets.
5. A fuel as in any of the Claims 2-4 comprising a second component having more than one material.
6. in any of the above claims characterized by at least one heat regulating component which has a lower heat of combustion than the cotton trash, for controlling the heat of combustion of the fuel.
7. A method for producing a fuel pellet characterized by the fact it comprises the steps of providing a fuel as in any of the above claims and
compressing provided fuel via a press and giving them the pellet form.
8. A fuel pellet produced according to the Claim 7.
PCT/TR2019/050174 2019-03-18 2019-03-18 A fuel WO2020190221A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2019/050174 WO2020190221A1 (en) 2019-03-18 2019-03-18 A fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2019/050174 WO2020190221A1 (en) 2019-03-18 2019-03-18 A fuel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020190221A1 true WO2020190221A1 (en) 2020-09-24

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101899347A (en) * 2009-11-22 2010-12-01 王志坚 Bio-coal and production method
CN104531257A (en) * 2014-11-24 2015-04-22 广德县磊淇农副产品废物利用有限公司 Pellet fuel prepared by use of crops straw
CN108329968A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-27 黄山容宇五金制品有限公司 A kind of high-efficiency scobs based biomass particle and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101899347A (en) * 2009-11-22 2010-12-01 王志坚 Bio-coal and production method
CN104531257A (en) * 2014-11-24 2015-04-22 广德县磊淇农副产品废物利用有限公司 Pellet fuel prepared by use of crops straw
CN108329968A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-27 黄山容宇五金制品有限公司 A kind of high-efficiency scobs based biomass particle and preparation method thereof

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
P. LAVANYA AND SCHOLAR PHD, INDIAN, BHASKARA D, REGISTRAR RAO, RANGA ACHARYA N G, RAJA D SANDEEP, LAVANYA CORRESPONDENCE P, RAO D : "Development of briquettes from cotton stalks with the high-pressure briquetting machine", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL STUDIES, vol. 6, no. 5, 2018, pages 2311 - 2315, XP055739975, ISSN: 2349-8528 *
SAEIDY EHAB EL: "Technological fundamentals of briquetting cotton stalks as a biofuel", LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND BIOECONOMY, 6 January 2016 (2016-01-06), pages 1 - 121, XP055739971, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279826536> *

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