WO2020187207A1

WO2020187207A1 - Antenna unit and filtering antenna array

Info

Publication number: WO2020187207A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/079747
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘祥龙; 薛团结; 张关喜; 沈龙
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2019-03-21
Filing date: 2020-03-17
Publication date: 2020-09-24
Also published as: CN111725613A; CN111725613B

Abstract

Disclosed are an antenna unit and a filtering antenna array composed of the antenna unit, which relate to the technical field of antennas and can realize the miniaturization of an antenna unit, thereby improving the integration level of a filtering antenna array on the premise of ensuring the isolation performance and the directional pattern performance of the antenna unit. In the present application, by providing a bending extension portion at the end of an antenna unit element arm, and successfully re-guiding a horizontally flowing current to be a non-horizontally flowing current, the horizontal size of an antenna unit is greatly reduced, and miniaturization is realized, so that the transverse size of a filtering antenna array composed of the antenna unit can be reduced.

Description

An antenna unit and a filter antenna array

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on March 21, 2019, the application number is 201910219371.1, and the invention title is "an antenna unit and a filter antenna array", the entire content of which is incorporated by reference In this application.

Technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to a miniaturized antenna unit and a filter antenna array composed of the antenna unit.

Background technique

With the development of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, as well as the development trend of mobile communication technology with larger bandwidth, higher speed, lower power consumption, and shorter delay, mobile communication systems are facing the demand for highly centralized circuit function modules In addition, the demand for high-capacity in future mobile communication systems will become higher and higher, which will inevitably bring about a sharp increase in the number of system channels, followed by a continuous increase in the number of antenna ports.

However, the future of wireless station sites is definitely becoming more and more scarce, which requires higher and higher antenna integration.

Therefore, reducing the size of the antenna while improving the performance of the antenna has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna unit and a filter antenna array, which can solve the problems of the large deterioration of the isolation between antenna ports and the severe distortion of the pattern caused by the increased integration of the encrypted antenna radiating unit, and The problem of unsatisfactory integration effect.

In order to achieve the foregoing objectives, the following technical solutions are adopted in the embodiments of this application:

In a first aspect, an antenna unit is provided. The antenna unit includes a dielectric plate, an element unit, and a feeding device; wherein the dielectric plate includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged oppositely; An array arm and a second array arm, the first array arm and the second array arm respectively comprise two parts, and the first part of the first array arm and the first part of the second array arm are crossed on the first surface of the dielectric plate, The second part of the first element arm is an extension of the first part of the first element arm, and extends through the dielectric plate in a direction perpendicular to the second surface; the second part of the second element arm is the extension of the second element arm The extension part of the first part extends through the dielectric plate in a first direction; wherein the first direction is not parallel to the dielectric plate; the power feeding device includes a first end and a second end opposite to the device; the first end of the power feeding device The end is coupled with the first part of the first element arm and the first part of the second element arm.

The antenna unit provided by the above-mentioned first aspect re-directs the flow of current by providing a bent extension at the end of the array arm, that is, the original horizontal flow is changed to other directions, and the horizontal size of the antenna unit is greatly reduced. Realize miniaturization, which can reduce the lateral size of the antenna array composed of the antenna unit; in addition, the arrangement of the bent extension can ensure its effectiveness in guiding the current of the sub-arm of the array, while maintaining the original bandwidth.

In a possible implementation manner, the shape of the first part of the first element arm and the first part of the second element arm includes any one of the following: a sheet shape, a ring shape, and a column shape. By arranging a bent extension at the end of the element arm of any structure (such as sheet, ring, column), the technical effect of the element arm extension of the application can be achieved, that is, the successful new guidance of the current flow direction and the realization of the antenna The size of the unit is greatly miniaturized, while ensuring its effectiveness in guiding the current of the array arm, while also maintaining the original bandwidth.

In a possible implementation manner, the second part of the first array of arms and the second part of the second array of arms include any one of the following structures: a planar structure, a curved structure, and a bent surface structure. The antenna unit can support bending extensions of any structure (for example, planar structure, arc surface structure, L-shaped surface structure, V-shaped surface structure, W-shaped surface structure), to realize the successful new guidance of current flow, and realize the size of antenna unit Significantly miniaturized, while ensuring the effectiveness of its current guidance to the sub-arm, while also maintaining the original bandwidth.

In a possible implementation, the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm may further include an extension part extending along the first direction to the second direction; wherein the second direction is not Parallel to the first direction. The antenna unit can support extensions that are bent several times (for example, first extend in the direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate, and then bend and extend again in the direction parallel to the dielectric plate) to realize the successful new guidance of the current flow direction and realize the size of the antenna unit Significantly miniaturized, while ensuring the effectiveness of its current guidance to the sub-arm, while also maintaining the original bandwidth.

In a possible implementation manner, a gap is provided between the second part of the first-stage arm and the second part of the second-stage arm. By setting a slit at the end of the element arm to bend the extension part (that is, the second part of the element arm), the impedance matching of the element can be destroyed in the suppression frequency band. In addition, the setting of the slit will also reduce the antenna unit due to the resonance of the reverse radiation current around it. In the suppression of the radiation effect of the frequency band, the effect of field decoupling is achieved and better filtering characteristics are achieved.

In a possible implementation manner, the shape of the slit provided in the second part of the first array of arms and the second part of the second array of arms includes any one of the following: straight, curved, and broken. The antenna unit can support slits of any shape and structure (for example, straight, curved, or broken line) on the bent extension (ie, the second part of the element arm) to achieve the filtering characteristics of the slit in the application.

In a possible implementation, the length l of the gap satisfies:

Among them, λ is the wavelength of the wireless wave, and A is the preset error threshold. When the length of the slot is equivalent to half the wavelength, as a preferred slot on the bent extension of the antenna arm, the filtering effect is better.

In a possible implementation, the power feeding device is a balun power feeding device; the balun power feeding device includes at least one PCB substrate, and the balun device and the power feeding device are provided on the at least one PCB substrate; The balun device is the first microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate, and the feeding device is arranged on the second microstrip line on the PCB substrate. The antenna radiating unit is fed by the feeding device on the PCB printed balun feeder, the impedance conversion is provided for the balanced/unbalanced line through the balun device, and the unbalanced to balanced conversion of some antenna feeding is realized.

In a possible implementation manner, the first end of the power feeding device is connected to the array arm arranged on the dielectric plate through the power feeding port. The feeding device realizes the feeding of the sub-arm through the feeding port.

In a possible implementation manner, the balun power feeder includes two crossed PCB substrates; the two crossed PCB substrates pass through the dielectric plate, the second part of the first element arm, and the second element arm The second part is coupled with the first part of the first arm and the first part of the second arm. The balun power feeding device composed of two crossed PCB substrates can realize the power feeding purpose and balance conversion purpose of the balun power feeding device of the present application.

In a possible implementation manner, the first microstrip line is composed of a double-layer metal collar. By using the resonance characteristics of the double-layer metal collar, the impedance matching of the array is destroyed in the frequency band that you want to suppress to achieve the purpose of suppressing the radiation of the array; in addition, due to the high resonance characteristics of the double-layer metal collar, extremely high frequency selectivity can be achieved .

In a possible implementation manner, the antenna unit further includes: a metal frame arranged around the first element arm and the second element arm. The arrangement of the metal frame can better improve the isolation between antenna elements in the antenna array, and better improve the pattern of the antenna array.

In a possible implementation manner, the dielectric board is a PCB substrate, and the dielectric board is square. Any of the foregoing possible implementation manners can achieve the effects to be achieved by the foregoing corresponding possible implementation manners for a dielectric plate of any shape, material, and structure.

In a second aspect, a filter antenna array is provided. The filter antenna array includes at least two antenna elements of any of the first aspects and a metal reflector; wherein each antenna element is coupled to the metal reflector.

The filter antenna array provided by the second aspect described above is an antenna array composed of the array of antenna elements in any of the possible implementations of the first aspect, which can achieve a higher degree of integration, while ensuring the element spacing, radiation performance and Isolation and other requirements.

In a possible implementation manner, each antenna unit includes a dielectric backplane; the dielectric backplane is connected to the feeder through the second end of the feeder; each antenna unit is coupled to the metal reflector through the dielectric backplane. Each antenna unit is coupled to the metal reflector through its dielectric base plate to form a filter antenna array, which makes its structure simple and convenient to implement.

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an encrypted antenna array provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a separate transceiver antenna array provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a bent antenna arm according to an embodiment of the application;

4 is an example diagram of a possible antenna arm structure provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a loop antenna arm provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit provided with a slot at the extension of the antenna arm according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a balun feed antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a metal frame provided by an embodiment of the application;

9 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a dielectric base plate provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 10 is a top view of a filter antenna array provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of antenna integration effects provided by an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a simulation curve of isolation varying with antenna unit spacing provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 13 is a comparison diagram of an antenna isolation effect provided by an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 14 is a comparison diagram of isolation of antenna array elements provided by an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 15 is a comparison diagram of the wave width of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the application.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below.

Hereinafter, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

In addition, in this application, the azimuthal terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the schematic placement of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative For the description and clarification, it can be changed correspondingly according to the changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

Hereinafter, the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application are explained.

Antenna array: In order to be suitable for various occasions, two or more single antenna units working at the same frequency are fed and arranged in space according to certain requirements to form an antenna system, also called an antenna array. The radiation field of the antenna array is the vector sum of the radiation field of each antenna element, and its characteristics depend on the type, position, arrangement, and excitation amplitude and phase of the antenna elements.

Antenna element: The antenna radiating element that forms the antenna array, which can also be called an array element.

The pattern of the antenna array: equal to the product of the pattern of the antenna unit and the pattern of the antenna array.

The arrangement of the antenna array: The arrangement of the antenna array can be divided into linear array, planar array and three-dimensional array according to the arrangement of antenna elements; according to the direction of the radiation pattern, it can be divided into side-fired array, end-fired array and non-side-fired non-end Shot array.

Linear array: The centers of the antenna elements of the antenna array are arranged in a straight line.

Plane array: The centers of each antenna element of the antenna array are arranged on a plane.

Three-dimensional array: The centers of each antenna element of the antenna array are arranged on a non-planar conformal surface.

Edge-fire array: The maximum radiation direction of the antenna array is perpendicular to the array line or the array plane.

Endfire array: The maximum radiation direction of the antenna array is along the line or plane of the array.

Binary array: refers to an antenna array composed of two antenna elements.

Commonly used antenna arrays are mostly composed of similar elements, where similar elements refer to the same type, size, and structure of the array elements.

Coupling: It refers to the phenomenon that two or more circuit elements or the input and output of an electrical network have close coordination and mutual influence, and transfer energy from one side to the other through interaction.

Beam width: It is divided into horizontal beam width and vertical beam width. The horizontal beam width refers to the angle between the two directions at which the radiation power drops by 3dB on both sides of the maximum radiation direction in the horizontal direction; the vertical beam width refers to the In the vertical direction, the angle between the two directions at which the radiation power drops by 3dB on both sides of the maximum radiation direction.

Generally, in order to improve the integration of the antenna, the method adopted is to encrypt and arrange the antenna radiating elements. As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of an encrypted antenna array. The antenna array 100 includes at least two antenna units 110 for transmitting radio signals or at least two antenna units 120 for receiving radio signals in the same row or column, as shown in (a) in FIG. In the first area of the antenna array 100, several rows of antenna units 110 are arranged for receiving signals. In the first area of the antenna array 100, several rows of antenna units 120 are arranged for transmitting signals. Among them, in the first area and the second area In the third area where the area crosses, the antenna array 100 and the antenna unit 120 are arranged alternately, so that the antenna array 100 has a smaller size than the unencrypted arrangement shown in Figure 1 (b) and can reduce the antenna array at the same time. Requirements for RF front-end filters and duplexers.

Or, in order to reduce the requirements of the antenna array on the RF front-end filter and duplexer, the transmission and reception separation characteristics of the antenna can also be increased through the transmission and reception separation, so as to achieve this objective benefit. As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of a separate antenna array for transmitting and receiving. As shown in FIG. 2, two or more antenna units 110 for transmitting radio signals are arranged in the first row of the antenna array 200, and two or more antenna units 120 for receiving radio signals are arranged in the second row of the antenna array 200. Wherein, the initial arrangement position of the antenna units 120 arranged in the second row of the antenna array 200 is the position in the second row and second column, that is, the antenna units 110 and the antenna units 120 are arranged crosswise.

However, although (b) in Figure 1 above can reduce the size of the antenna array, due to the large size of the existing antenna radiating unit, the space for further high integration is very limited; in addition, (b) in Figure 1 And the antenna array in Fig. 2 will cause a significant deterioration of the isolation between antenna ports and severe distortion of the pattern, destroying the overall performance gain of the system.

Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna unit and a filter antenna array. Through the antenna unit including the horizontal structure and the non-horizontal structure of the two-part vibrator unit, the current flowing through it flows in the horizontal and non-horizontal planes, thereby greatly reducing The size of the antenna unit in the horizontal plane is reduced to achieve miniaturization; thereby greatly reducing the size of the antenna array formed by the arrangement of several antenna units. At the same time, the miniaturized antenna unit can also be further arranged with support for encryption to reduce the antenna array. Size, thereby reducing the system's requirements for RF front-end filters and duplexers.

Fig. 3(a) is a side view of an antenna unit 300 including a bent antenna arm proposed in an embodiment of the application; Fig. 3(b) is a side view of an antenna unit 300 including a bent antenna arm proposed in an embodiment of the application An exploded view of the antenna unit 300. The antenna unit 300 includes: a dielectric plate 310, an element unit 320, and a feeding device 330; wherein the dielectric plate 310 includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged oppositely; the element unit 320 includes a first array arm 321 and The second arm 322, the first arm 321 and the second arm 322 respectively comprise two parts, the first part of the first arm and the first part of the second arm are crossed on the first surface of the dielectric plate 310 , The second part of the first element arm is an extension of the first part of the first element arm, and extends through the dielectric plate 310 in the first direction; wherein the first direction is not parallel to the dielectric plate; The second part is the extension of the first part of the second element arm, which extends through the dielectric plate 310 in a direction perpendicular to the second surface; the power feeding device 330 includes a first end 331 and a second end 332 opposite to the device; The first end 331 of the electrical device 330 is coupled with the first part of the first element arm and the first part of the second element arm.

Wherein, the second part of the aforementioned first element arm may include two extension parts arranged at both ends of the first element arm 321, and the second part of the second element arm may include two extension parts arranged at both ends of the second element arm 322 .

It should be noted that, in FIG. 3, only the first direction being the direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310 is taken as an example. In fact, the first direction may be any direction that is not parallel to the medium plate 310, for example, it extends perpendicular to the medium plate 310 and extends at 60° from the medium plate 310.

The horizontal size of the antenna unit is miniaturized by arranging a bent extension at the end of the array arm, which is suitable for scenes with high integration of antenna arrays and high isolation requirements, or in FDD transceiver separation antenna systems.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned power feeding device 330 may be a power feeding device of any structure and form, for example, a coaxial power feeding device, a balun power feeding device, and a waveguide power feeding device.

It should be noted that the purpose of coupling between the first end 331 of the above-mentioned feeding device 330 and the first part of the first element arm and the first part of the second element arm is to couple with the element unit 320, therefore, the structure shown in FIG. 3 is only As an example, the feeding device 330 may also be connected with other parts of the element unit 320 to realize coupling with the element unit 320. The specific structural relationship between the feeding device 330 and the element unit 320 is not limited in this application.

It should be noted that the antenna units in FIG. 3 and subsequent examples of the embodiments of the present application are all exemplified by the dielectric plate 310 being a square dielectric plate. In fact, the dielectric plate 310 may also have other shapes, such as a circle, a triangle, Oval shape, this application is not limited.

The dielectric board 310 may be a PCB substrate or a dielectric board of other media, which is not limited in this application.

In a possible structure, the first end 331 of the feeding device 330 is coupled with the first part of the first array of arms and the first part of the second array of arms through the feeding port. The coupling of the feeding device 330 and the element unit 320 can be realized by welding, that is, the first end 331 of the feeding device 330 passes through the dielectric plate 310 and the first part of the first element arm, and the first part of the second element arm passes through the feeding port welding.

It should be noted that FIG. 3 shows that the second part of the first element arm of the element unit 320 and the second part of the second element arm (ie the extension of the first element arm and the extension of the second element arm) are L-shaped The extension part of the bending surface structure is described as an example. The extension part can also be a planar structure (as shown in (a1) and (a2) in Figure 4), a curved structure, such as a circular arc surface structure (as shown in Figure 4). (B1) and (b2) in), bending surface structure such as V-shaped surface structure (as shown in (c1) and (c2) in Figure 4), W-shaped surface structure (as shown in Figure 4 ( d1) and (d2)), where (a2), (b2), (c2), and (d2) in Figure 4 are along the lines of (a1), (b1) and (c1) in Figure 4, respectively. The horizontal dashed line in (d1) is cut off to obtain a top view. The second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm of the element unit 320 may also have other structures, for example, a cylindrical structure, which is not limited in this application.

In a possible structure, the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm further include extensions extending along the first direction to the second direction; wherein the second direction is not parallel to the first One direction. As shown in (e1) and (e2) in Figure 4. For another example, first extend in a direction perpendicular to the medium plate, and then bend and extend again in a direction parallel to the medium plate.

It should be noted that Figures 3 and 4 are only an example. In fact, the structure and shape of the extensions at the two ends of the same arm can be the same or different. Similarly, the structures of the extensions at the ends of the arms of different arrays The and shape may be the same or different, and this application is not limited. As shown in (e1) and (e2) in Figure 4, the structures of the two extensions at both ends of the array arm are not completely the same.

It should be noted that this application does not limit the number of bending times of the second part of the first-term arm and the second part of the second-term arm. The extension can be extended by N bending and extension, where N Is a positive integer.

It should be noted that FIGS. 3 and 4 are described by taking the extension part as a solid structure as an example. The extension part may also be a hollow structure or a mesh structure, such as a rhombus mesh structure.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned FIGS. 3 and 4 are described with an example in which the first part of the first element arm of the element unit 320 and the first part of the second element arm are cross-shaped symmetrical vibrators. The structure is also applicable to any element unit of sheet, ring, column shape and other shapes and structures, which is not limited in this application.

As shown in FIG. 5, it is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a loop antenna arm according to an embodiment of the application. The element unit 320 of the antenna unit 300 includes a first element arm 321 and a second element arm 322. The first part of the first element arm 321 and the first part of the second element arm 322 have a cross-shaped "8"-shaped ring structure. , The second part of the first arm 321 (that is, the extension of the first arm 321 in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the dielectric plate 310) and the second part of the second arm 322 (that is, the two ends of the second arm 322 are at The extensions perpendicular to the direction of the dielectric plate 310 are all L-shaped surface structures.

Similarly, as described above, the extension part of the element arm of the element unit 320 shown in FIG. 5 may also have other structures.

In a possible structure, the second part of the first element arm 321 of the element unit 320 and the second part of the second element arm 322 are provided with a gap.

Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 6, a structural diagram of an antenna unit provided with a slot at an antenna arm extension provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6(a), the element unit 320 of the antenna unit 300 includes a first element arm 321 and a second element arm 322. The first part of the first element arm 321 and the first part of the second element arm 322 are crosses. The crossed "8"-shaped ring structure, the second part of the first element arm 321 (that is, the two ends of the first element arm 321 extend perpendicular to the direction of the dielectric plate 310) and the second element of the second element arm 322 The part (that is, the extension of the two ends of the second arm 322 in the direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310) is an L-shaped bent surface structure; the L-shaped bent surface structure of the first arm 321 and the second arm 322 A gap is provided on the L-shaped bending surface structure, and the gap can be set on one of the bending surfaces of the L-shaped bending surface structure, as shown in Figure 6 (a) and Figure 6 (b), A slit similar to the "S" shape is set on the first bending surface in the L-shaped bending surface structure; the slit can also be used as a complete slit set on the two bending surfaces, as shown in (c) and Figure 6 As shown in (d) in Figure 6, a slit similar to the 90° "S" shape is set on two bending surfaces through the bending line of the L-shaped bending surface structure; among them, (d) in Figure 6 is the setting There is an expanded view of the L-shaped bending surface structure similar to the 90° "S"-shaped slit.

It should be noted that, for the gap setting methods in Figure 6 (c) and Figure 6 (d), this application has the gap between the first bending surface and the second bending surface of the L-shaped bending surface structure. The distribution ratio is not limited. Illustratively, the slits resembling the 90° "S" shape can also be distributed as shown in (e) in Figure 6, that is, about 80% are distributed on the first bending surface, about 20% is distributed on the second bending surface.

Through the setting of the slot, good frequency selectivity can be achieved, and the performance requirements of the filter or duplexer of the RF front-end can also be shared, and additional system cost benefits can be achieved.

It should be noted that FIG. 6 is only used as an example to illustrate a possible structure with a gap between the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm. The gap can be of any shape, including a linear shape. , Curvilinear, broken line, for example: "一" shape, "工" shape, "U" shape, "V" shape, "W" shape, "C" shape, this application does not limit this.

In a possible structure, the length l of the gap provided on the second part of the first-stage arm and the second part of the second-stage arm satisfies:

Among them, λ is the wavelength of the wireless wave, and A is the preset error threshold, that is, the length l of the slot is approximately equal to one-half of the wavelength of the wireless wave.

In a possible structure, the power feeding device 330 is a balun power feeding device; the balun power feeding device 330 includes at least one PCB substrate, and the balun device 333 and the power feeding device 334 are provided on the at least one PCB substrate; The balun device 333 is a first microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate, and the feeding device 334 is a second microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate.

Wherein, the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are separated from each other.

As shown in FIG. 7, a structural diagram of a balun-fed antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, the balun feeder 330 includes two crossed PCB substrates 3301 and a PCB substrate 3302. The PCB substrate 3301 is provided with a balun device 333 (first microstrip line), and the PCB substrate 3302 is provided with The power feeding device 334 (second microstrip line), wherein the shape of the balun device 333 (first microstrip line) is "L" shape, and the shape of the power feeding device 334 (second microstrip line) is "丨" shape. Among them, the PCB substrate 3301 and the PCB substrate 3302 pass through the dielectric plate 310, the second part (extension) of the first element arm 321, and the second part (extension) of the second element arm 322. The first part and the first part of the second arm 322 are coupled.

The balun feeding shown in FIG. 7 is used to realize the feeding of the antenna radiating unit and the balanced conversion of the antenna feeding.

It should be noted that FIG. 7 is only an example, and the present application does not limit the shape of the PCB substrate of the power feeding device 334, that is, the PCB substrate can be any shape such as rectangle, square, triangle, etc.; in addition, if the power feeding device 334 It includes two PCB substrates (such as the structure shown in FIG. 7). The present application does not limit the crossing angle of the two PCB substrates, which can be a 90° cross or a “V” cross at other angles.

It should be noted that the present application does not limit the location and specific shape and size of the balun device 333 (first microstrip line) and the feeding device 334 (second microstrip line). For example, the first microstrip line and The second microstrip line can also be relatively independently arranged on the same PCB substrate; the shape of the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line can also be any other linear, curved, or broken line shapes, such as "one" Shape, "工" shape, "U" shape, "V shape", "W" shape, "S" shape.

It should be noted that FIG. 7 is an example based on the element unit of the structure shown in FIG. 6. In fact, the structure of the balun device 333 shown in FIG. 7 is different from that of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, or any other structure. The same applies to the array unit.

In a possible structure, the balun device 333 (the first microstrip line) is composed of a double-layer metal collar.

As described above, a higher-order filtering characteristic can be achieved by adopting a combination of double-collar balun feeding and a bent extension part of the antenna arm provided with a slot (ie, the second part of the antenna arm).

In a possible structure, the antenna unit 300 may further include: a metal frame 840 arranged around the first element arm 321 and the second element arm 322. As shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 8, the metal frame 840 is a cube metal frame with no bottom and no cover, and the metal frame 840 is arranged around the first-term arm 321 and the second-term arm 322.

The arrangement of the metal frame can better improve the isolation between the antenna elements in the antenna array and better improve the pattern.

It should be noted that FIG. 8 only takes the metal frame as a cube without a bottom and a cover as an example. In fact, the metal frame can also have other shapes, for example, a cylinder without a bottom and a cover.

It should be noted that the present application does not limit the relative distance between the metal frame 840 and the dielectric plate 310, and the first and second sub-arms 321 and 322, and the specific distance setting may depend on specific conditions.

It should be noted that FIG. 8 is only based on the antenna unit of the structure shown in FIG. 3 as an example. In fact, the structure of the metal frame 840 around the first and second sub-arms 321 and 322 shown in FIG. The antenna unit of FIG. 5, FIG. 6 or any other structure is also applicable.

In a possible structure, as shown in FIG. 9, a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a dielectric base plate provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 9, the antenna unit 300 may further include a square dielectric base plate 950 coupled with the second end 332 of the feeding device 330.

It should be noted that FIG. 9 only takes the medium bottom plate as a square as an example. In fact, the medium bottom plate 950 can also have any other shape, such as a circle, which is not limited in this application.

It should be noted that FIG. 9 is only an example based on the antenna unit of the structure shown in FIG. 3. In fact, the structure including the dielectric base plate 950 shown in FIG. 9 is different from the structure shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6 or any other structure. The antenna unit is also applicable.

An embodiment of the present application also provides a filter antenna array, which is composed of a plurality of antenna elements of any of the foregoing types. The following uses an antenna element of any of the foregoing structures as an example to describe the filter antenna array of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, it is a top view of a filter antenna array provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 10, the filter antenna array 1000 includes a metal reflector 1010 and a plurality of antenna units 300 arranged in a certain regularity, wherein each antenna unit 300 is coupled to the metal reflector 1010.

In a possible structure, as described above, each antenna unit 300 may further include a dielectric base plate 950, which is connected to the feeder 330 through the second end 332 of the feeder 330; each antenna unit 300 is coupled to the metal reflector 1010 through the dielectric bottom plate 950.

As mentioned above, the filter antenna array 1000 can be a linear array (for example, a binary array), a planar array (for example, a 4×4 antenna array), or a three-dimensional array (for example, antenna elements are arranged on the outer surface of a spherical body). Antenna array), this application is not limited.

In the following, a planar array is taken as an example to introduce the filter antenna array 1000.

Wherein, the filter antenna array 1000 may be an M×N square array, where M is the number of rows of elements (that is, antenna elements) in the antenna array, N is the number of columns of elements in the antenna array, and M and N are greater than Or an integer equal to 2, the distance between each element of the filter antenna array 1000 is D, where D refers to the distance between the centers of adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements, and the unit is λ ₀ , where λ ₀ It is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum at the center frequency of the antenna array.

FIG. 10 shows a 4×4 antenna array. It should be noted that the arrangement of the antenna array is only an implementation manner of this application, and this application does not limit this.

The filter antenna array composed of the arrangement of the antenna elements 300 described above in the embodiments of the application has a simple structure and is easy to implement, can be applied to highly integrated antenna array design, and can well meet the demanding array element spacing, radiation performance and isolation And so on.

Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 11, it is a schematic diagram of a comparison of antenna integration effects provided by an embodiment of this application. (A) in FIG. 11 is an existing antenna array 100, the antenna array 100 is an 11×4 antenna array, and the antenna unit 110 and the antenna unit 120 constituting the antenna array are antenna units of the existing structure; (B) in 11 is the filter antenna array 1000 of the embodiment of the application. The antenna array is also an 11×4 antenna array, but because the antenna array 1000 is composed of the antenna unit 300 in the application (wherein, 300-1 and 300- 2 are used for receiving signals and transmitting signals respectively) arrangement, that is, the antenna arm is a structure with a bent extension at the end, so the miniaturization of the antenna unit can be realized, so the interval between the antenna units can be guaranteed (the horizontal interval is D2 , The longitudinal spacing is D1) while achieving miniaturization of the antenna array.

Since the isolation of the antenna array decreases with the decrease of the distance between the elements (that is, the antenna elements) in the antenna array, as shown in FIG. 12, a schematic diagram of the simulation curve of the isolation according to the distance between the antenna elements provided in this embodiment of the application . As shown in Figure 12, the smaller the distance between the array elements, the lower the isolation, and the worse the isolation effect. As shown in point C in Figure 12, when D=D ₀ , the isolation between the array elements (ie antenna elements) It is 10dB, but if the distance between the array elements is reduced, the isolation will drop below 10dB, causing energy loss and affecting the radiation efficiency of the antenna array.

Therefore, considering the integration and isolation of the antenna array, the array element spacing D can be set to an appropriate range greater than D _0. For example, the array element spacing D can be set to 0.4λ _0. At this time, the antenna array The isolation between the array elements can reach more than 10dB.

Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 13, it is an antenna isolation effect comparison diagram provided by an embodiment of this application. (A) in FIG. 13 is an existing antenna array 200. The antenna array 200 is a cross-distributed 18×6 antenna array. The antenna unit 110 and the antenna unit 120 constituting the antenna array are antennas of the existing structure. Unit; Figure 13 (b) is the filter antenna array 1000 of the embodiment of the application, the antenna array is also an 18×6 antenna array, but because the antenna array 1000 is composed of the antenna unit 300 in the application (wherein, 300-1 And 300-2 are used for receiving signals and transmitting signals respectively) in a cross arrangement, that is, the antenna arm is a structure with a bent extension at the end. Therefore, although the size of the antenna array 1000 and the antenna array 200 are the same, the antenna array 1000 The antenna element spacing of the antenna array 200 is significantly larger than the antenna element spacing of the antenna array 200, that is, the horizontal spacing D4>D3, and the longitudinal spacing D6>D5. Therefore, the antenna array 1000 has better isolation performance than the antenna array 200.

As shown in FIG. 14, a comparison diagram of isolation of antenna array elements provided by this embodiment of the application. The curve (a) in FIG. 14 is a schematic curve diagram of the isolation between two elements of the antenna array 200 in FIG. 13 (a), and the curve (b) in FIG. 14 is ( b) A schematic diagram of the isolation between the two elements of the antenna array 1000 in the antenna array 1000, where f is the transmit/receive frequency of the array element (antenna element), the unit is GHz, and the unit of the isolation is dB, It can be seen from Fig. 14 that the isolation between two elements of the antenna array 200 is basically stable at -10dB, and the isolation between the two elements of the antenna array 1000 is basically stable between -20dB and -25dB. Specifically, when f=2.5GHz, the existing isolation of the two array elements is -11dB, while the isolation of the two array elements in this application is -23dB; when f=2.57GHz , The existing isolation of the two array elements is -11dB, while the isolation of the two array elements in this application is -22dB. Similarly, for the antenna array 200 and the other array elements in the antenna array 1000 The isolation between the two can also reach the difference in isolation shown in Fig. 14. It can be seen that, compared with the antenna array composed of antenna elements in the prior art, the antenna array composed of the filtering antenna unit in the present application is The isolation performance is better.

As shown in FIG. 15, a comparison diagram of the wave width of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of this application. Curve (a) in FIG. 15 is a schematic curve diagram of the beam width of the antenna array 200 in (a) in FIG. 13, and curve (b) in FIG. 15 is a diagram of the antenna array 1000 in (b) in FIG. 13 A schematic diagram of the beam width, where θ is the angle between the radiation direction and the maximum radiation direction, in degrees (°). It can be seen from the curve (a) in Figure 15 that the 3dB beam of the antenna array 200 is roughly concentrated on- Between 20° and 25°, the 3dB beam width is about 45°, and different radiation angles along the wave are unstable, and the beam deformation is serious, and it is practically unusable; and the curve (b) in Figure 15 The 3dB beam width of the antenna array 1000 is about 110°, and the radiation pattern is not deformed. It can be seen that the antenna array 1000 has better bandwidth performance and better pattern performance than the antenna array in the prior art.

The above are only specific implementations of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited to this, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

An antenna unit, characterized in that the antenna unit includes:

A medium plate, the medium plate comprising a first surface and a second surface which are arranged oppositely;

An array unit, the array unit includes a first array arm and a second array arm arranged in a cross, the first array arm and the second array arm respectively include two parts, the first part of the first array arm and the The first part of the second element arm is crossed on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the second part of the first element arm is an extension of the first part of the first element arm and passes through the dielectric plate Extend in a direction perpendicular to the second surface; the second part of the second array arm is an extension of the first part of the second array arm, and extends in the first direction through the dielectric plate; wherein, The first direction is not parallel to the dielectric plate;

A power feeding device, the power feeding device includes a first end and a second end opposite to the equipment; the first end of the power feeding device and the first part of the first element arm and the first part of the second element arm coupling.
The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein:

The shape of the first part of the first element arm and the first part of the second element arm includes any one of the following: sheet shape, ring shape, and column shape.
The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm comprise any one of the following structures: planar structure, curved structure, Bending surface structure.
The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm further comprise a direction along the first direction An extension part extending in a second direction; wherein the second direction is not parallel to the first direction.
The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm are provided with a gap.
The antenna unit according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the slit provided in the second part of the first element arm and the second part of the second element arm includes any one of the following: Straight, curved, and polyline.
The antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein the length l of the slot satisfies:
Among them, λ is the wavelength of the wireless wave, and A is the preset error threshold.
The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the feeding device is a balun feeding device; the balun feeding device comprises at least one PCB substrate, and the at least one PCB substrate A balun device and a power feeding device are installed on it;

Wherein, the balun device is a first microstrip line provided on the PCB substrate, and the feeding device is a second microstrip line provided on the PCB substrate.
The antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein the balun feeding device comprises two crossed PCB substrates; the two crossed PCB substrates pass through the dielectric board, the first The second part of the former arm and the second part of the second former arm are coupled with the first part of the first former arm and the first part of the second former arm.
The antenna unit according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first microstrip line is composed of a double-layer metal collar.
The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the antenna unit further comprises: a metal frame arranged around the first element arm and the second element arm.
The antenna unit according to claim 11, wherein the dielectric board is a PCB substrate, and the dielectric board is square.
A filter antenna array, characterized in that the antenna array comprises at least two antenna units according to any one of claims 1-12, and a metal reflector;

Wherein, each of the antenna units is coupled to the metal reflector.
The antenna array according to claim 13, wherein each of the antenna units comprises a dielectric base plate; the dielectric base plate is connected to the feed device through the second end of the feed device;

Each of the antenna units is coupled to the metal reflector through the dielectric bottom plate.