WO2020185099A1 - Compositions agricoles et procédés d'utilisation - Google Patents

Compositions agricoles et procédés d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020185099A1
WO2020185099A1 PCT/NZ2020/050023 NZ2020050023W WO2020185099A1 WO 2020185099 A1 WO2020185099 A1 WO 2020185099A1 NZ 2020050023 W NZ2020050023 W NZ 2020050023W WO 2020185099 A1 WO2020185099 A1 WO 2020185099A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
agricultural composition
component
pasture
soil
carbon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2020/050023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Bishop
Original Assignee
Pastoral Robotics Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pastoral Robotics Limited filed Critical Pastoral Robotics Limited
Publication of WO2020185099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020185099A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/10—Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to agricultural compositions and methods of use.
  • the invention may be particularly suitable for use in reducing the impact of nitrogen losses on the environment.
  • the invention may be suitable for use in minimising nitrate leaching from pastures by reducing the loss of nitrogen from animal urine patches.
  • Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required for the growth of crops/plants/pastures (collectively referred to herein as‘pasture(s)’).
  • Such fertilisers usually include urea (CO(NH 2 ) 2 ) and/or ammonium (NH 4 ), which are converted in the soil into nitrates (NO 3 ) that are easily absorbed by plants, especially when they are introduced to the plant root zone.
  • urea CO(NH 2 ) 2
  • NH 4 ammonium
  • Nitrate leaching (and, additionally, gaseous losses of ammonia, nitrogen and nitrous oxide) is of particular significance and/or concern to the dairy industry.
  • a main reason for this is because nitrogen is a significant constituent in the urine of dairy cows, which therefore adds further/excess nitrogen to pastures when cows urinate.
  • Dairy cows deposit high rates of nitrogen in the form of urea (300-1000kgN/ha) via urine deposition. These quantities are far too large for the soil under the deposition to absorb, or for the pasture to be able to utilise it all, and especially so if nitrogenous fertilisers are also being regularly applied.
  • Losses of nitrogen from cattle urine is usually the biggest contributor to nitrate leaching (more so than introduced nitrogenous fertilisers).
  • the rate of nitrogen application is typically in the range 300-1000 kgN/ha. This is much greater than a typical nitrogenous fertiliser application (25-50 kgN/ha), and vastly in excess of what a typical pasture can hope to recover, before losses to the environment occur - via nitrate leaching.
  • Urea from urine or fertilisers
  • urease a soil microbial enzyme
  • ammonium in the soil by urease, a soil microbial enzyme
  • This hydrolysis creates localised alkaline conditions in the soil which also allows some of the ammonium to form ammonia gas, which is easily volatilised from the soil.
  • Urease inhibitors such as nbpt are often applied to pastures to temporarily reduce urease enzyme activity, and thus reduce the rate of conversion of urea to ammonium.
  • Nitrification is a bacterial process that converts ammonium to nitrate, typically over a period of one to three weeks (via nitrite which typically has only a transitory existence).
  • Ammonium exists in equilibrium with ammonia gas (NH3) dissolved in the soil solution. High soil pH levels produced during hydrolysis push this equilibrium towards ammonia, much of which can be volatilised to the atmosphere as ammonia gas.
  • NH3 ammonia gas
  • ammonia molecules are a causative agent in the production of particulate smog, which aids in heat retention and is a leading cause of respiratory diseases.
  • Nitrate in the soil can also be‘denitrified’ to nitrous oxide (a greenhouse gas) in wet, low-oxygen soil conditions. These conditions can exist in micro-pores in otherwise aerobic soils.
  • nitrate in the topsoil can easily reach several hundred mg/kg in the soil, and because nitrate is not bound onto soil particles, much can be leached out of the soil by rainfall or irrigation before the pasture can recover it. That is, nitrate, while being readily available to plants through root uptake, is also very easily leached through the soil by rainfall or irrigation water.
  • Nitrification inhibitors slow the rate of conversion of ammonium to nitrate, thus, creating a slow-release effect which allows more of the nitrate to be recovered by the roots of plants and utilised for growth.
  • Denitrification is the process of conversion of nitrate into nitrite and further into nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas, removing plant available nitrate from the soil.
  • the control of nitrogen losses from cattle urine patches, and especially fresh urine patches, would preferably involve the application of a treatment only to the areas directly affected by urine.
  • NZ Patent 506883 Quin describes a tail-activated inhibitor-dispensing device that is attached to the cow’s rump or tail. This technique reduces the amount of treatment required per hectare by 80-95%, compared to treating the whole pasture.
  • one drawback associated with this invention is that the device must be fitted to each cow.
  • NZ Patent No. 702490 Bates et al describes a means of detecting and treating (preferably fresh) urine patches by robotic or manned vehicles. This equipment enables various products to be applied specifically to individual urine patches.
  • NZ Patent Application No. 717000 describes an agricultural composition, and method of use, for increasing urine-N recovery, which includes a urease inhibitor and a plant growth regulator and (optionally) a polymer.
  • the present invention describes an alternative treatment to reduce nitrate and/or other forms of nitrogen losses from urine patches that is neither a urease inhibitor nor a nitrification inhibitor.
  • an agricultural composition for the treatment of animal urine patches in pasture to reduce nitrate leaching said agricultural composition including a component which provides a source of carbon.
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the component which provides a slowly degradable source of carbon.
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the component has a half-life in soil of between one month and two years.
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the component has a half-life in soil of between two months and one year.
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the component is water soluble.
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the agricultural composition is water soluble.
  • the component is selected from the group consisting of lignin, humates, polycarboxylic acids, starches, celluloses, water- soluble polymeric materials, and water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers.
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the component is a
  • an agricultural composition substantially as described above, wherein the component is calcium lignosulphonate.
  • a method for the treatment of animal urine patches in pasture to reduce nitrate leaching including the step of applying an agricultural composition, which includes a component which provides a slowly degradable source of carbon, substantially as described above.
  • an agricultural composition which includes a component which provides a slowly degradable source of carbon, substantially as described above.
  • a method substantially as described above, wherein the agricultural composition is only applied to individual urine patches within the pasture.
  • the agricultural composition for the treatment of animal urine patches in pasture to reduce nitrate leaching includes a component which provides a source of carbon.
  • the source of carbon may be a slowly degradable source of carbon
  • denitrification is encouraged within the saturated soil by the addition of a slowly degradable source of carbon.
  • the slowly degradable source of carbon serves primarily as a denitrifying agent, and one which serves to increase the rate of breakdown of the nitrogen compounds produced from the urea present in the cattle urine.
  • Having a slowly degradable source of carbon is advantageous, as compared to a quickly degradable source of carbon, because it lasts in the soil longer and hence a single application provides an ongoing and consistent source of carbon (and therefore denitrification) over time.
  • a slowly degradable source of carbon is defined herein as a component which has a half- life in soil of between one month and two years.
  • the component has a half-life in soil of between two months and one year.
  • the agricultural composition and/or the component is/are water soluble. Being water soluble allows for the composition/component to be dissolved in water for ease of spreading and/or application to pasture, for example by spraying.
  • the component is selected from the group consisting of lignin, humates, polycarboxylic acids, starches, celluloses, water-soluble polymeric materials, and water- soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers.
  • the component is a lignosulphonate, a suitable example being calcium lignosulphonate.
  • a lignosulphonate is particularly effective for reducing nitrate leaching. It is thought that this functionality may be attributed to reductions in the bio-availability co-factors for nitrification such as copper, providing reactive phenolic sites to absorb nitrate/nitrite and carbon as a reducing agent for denitrification of nitrate. These all contribute to the net reduction in nitrate leaching.
  • a method for the treatment of animal urine patches in pasture to reduce nitrate leaching including the step of applying an agricultural composition, which includes a component which provides a slowly degradable source of carbon, substantially as described above.
  • the agricultural composition may be used to treat animal urine patches of any age, between being a completely fresh urine deposit to one up to 3 months old.
  • the composition may be used to treat relatively recent animal urine deposits, namely between 0 to 150 hours of being deposited, keeping in mind that the nitrogen in the urine-urea begins to be converted from ammonium into nitrate within a few days, and it is primarily soon after (and/or during) this conversion has taken place that the composition will be at its most effective in increasing the rate of reduction of nitrate into nitrogen gas and /or microbial body tissues.
  • the agricultural composition including the component, may be applied to substantially an entire field or paddock, or any sized portions thereof.
  • the agricultural composition, including the component may preferably be applied to the pasture by spraying methods/apparatus, after first being dissolved in water.
  • the agricultural composition, including the component may preferably be applied to the pasture at regular intervals, for example anywhere between every day to every 10 days.
  • the composition could be applied to an entire field or paddock after the animals have finished grazing, and been moved to a fresh field or paddock, and not repeated until that same paddock has again been used (and then left) by the animals.
  • the agricultural composition including the component, may preferably be applied only to the urine patches and/or only to each individual or specific urine patch.
  • NZ Patent No. 702490 also published as W02015/065206.
  • contents of NZ Patent No. 702490 are deemed to be incorporated herein, by reference.
  • calcium lignosulfonate is mixed with water in a ratio of 200 grams of calcium lignosulfonate per litre of water. This mixture is then applied to the urine patches through a nozzle as part of the urine patch detection and treatment system described in NZ Patent No. 702490. The mixture, including both the calcium lignosulfonate and the water, is then applied at the urine patch at a rate of approximately 600 litre/ha.
  • compositions were created:
  • NitroStop R1 60 kg/ha Calcium lignosulphonate + 16g/ha
  • NitroStop R2 120 kg/ha Calcium lignosulphonate + 32g/ha

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition agricole pour le traitement de pissats d'animaux en pâturage pour réduire la lixiviation de nitrate, la composition agricole comprenant un composant qui fournit une source de carbone, et de préférence une source de carbone dégradable lentement. De préférence, le composant est un lignosulfonate hydrosoluble, tel que le lignosulfonate de calcium.
PCT/NZ2020/050023 2019-03-11 2020-03-11 Compositions agricoles et procédés d'utilisation WO2020185099A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ75151619 2019-03-11
NZ751516 2019-03-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020185099A1 true WO2020185099A1 (fr) 2020-09-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NZ2020/050023 WO2020185099A1 (fr) 2019-03-11 2020-03-11 Compositions agricoles et procédés d'utilisation

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2020185099A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112429854A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-02 武汉森泰环保股份有限公司 一种以丝瓜络为载体的缓释材料及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060089260A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2006-04-27 Lincoln University Nitrification inhibitor treatment of grazed pasture soils
US7666241B2 (en) * 2007-01-24 2010-02-23 Specialty Fertilizer Products, Llc Fertilizer-polymer mixtures which inhibit nitrification in soils
AU2015227487B1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2015-12-17 Incitec Fertilisers Operations Pty Ltd Nitrification inhibitors and formulations
US20160286713A1 (en) * 2013-11-04 2016-10-06 Pastoral Robotics Limited Apparatus and methods for excreta detection and treatment

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060089260A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2006-04-27 Lincoln University Nitrification inhibitor treatment of grazed pasture soils
US7666241B2 (en) * 2007-01-24 2010-02-23 Specialty Fertilizer Products, Llc Fertilizer-polymer mixtures which inhibit nitrification in soils
US20160286713A1 (en) * 2013-11-04 2016-10-06 Pastoral Robotics Limited Apparatus and methods for excreta detection and treatment
AU2015227487B1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2015-12-17 Incitec Fertilisers Operations Pty Ltd Nitrification inhibitors and formulations

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
XIE R. J.; MEIER, J.; FYLES, J. W.; MACKENZIE, A. F.; O'HALLORAN, I. P.; RUSSELL, E.: "Effects of calcium lignosulphonates on urea hydrolysis and nitrification in soil", SOIL SCIENCE, vol. 156, no. 4, 1993, pages 278 - 285 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112429854A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-02 武汉森泰环保股份有限公司 一种以丝瓜络为载体的缓释材料及其制备方法
CN112429854B (zh) * 2020-10-30 2022-09-16 武汉森泰环保股份有限公司 一种以丝瓜络为载体的缓释材料及其制备方法

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