WO2020181790A1 - 一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020181790A1
WO2020181790A1 PCT/CN2019/114399 CN2019114399W WO2020181790A1 WO 2020181790 A1 WO2020181790 A1 WO 2020181790A1 CN 2019114399 W CN2019114399 W CN 2019114399W WO 2020181790 A1 WO2020181790 A1 WO 2020181790A1
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layer
real
bionic
time feedback
feedback function
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PCT/CN2019/114399
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩志武
刘林鹏
张俊秋
王大凯
孙涛
王可军
牛士超
侯涛
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吉林大学
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Priority to US16/771,193 priority Critical patent/US11472157B2/en
Publication of WO2020181790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181790A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of actuators, in particular to a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function and a preparation method thereof.
  • actuation methods of traditional actuators mostly use mechanical actuation, motor actuation, and hydraulic actuation. To achieve controllable motion, it must have real-time feedback on the degree of stimulus response, and further motion control of the device at any time based on the feedback signal . In the prior art, all actuators lack a feedback system and cannot achieve intelligent and controllable deformation.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function and a preparation method for the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, aiming to solve the problem that the actuator in the prior art cannot feedback and cannot achieve The problem of intelligent controllable deformation.
  • a method for preparing a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function which includes the following steps: preparing a stimulus response layer and a bionic flexible strain sensing film layer, and a bionic V-shaped groove is arranged on the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer Array structure, connect the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer to the stimulus response layer through the adhesive layer;
  • the stimulus response layer is prepared using the following steps:
  • the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride are dissolved in solvents and mixed to obtain a mixed solution;
  • the mixed solution is processed into a film and embedded in the first electrode to obtain a stimulus response layer.
  • the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer is prepared by the following steps:
  • a conductive layer is formed by sputtering on the flexible material layer and then a second electrode is connected to obtain a bionic flexible strain sensing film layer.
  • the thickness of the flexible material layer is 150-250 ⁇ m.
  • the method for preparing the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function wherein the flexible material is polydimethylsiloxane, biaxially oriented polypropylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, One of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polystyrene, polybutadiene or polyacrylonitrilekind or more.
  • the flexible material layer includes a flexible material and a hardener.
  • the mass ratio of the flexible material to the hardener is 8-12:1.
  • the method for preparing the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function wherein the conductive layer is made of the following materials: one of carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and copper nanoparticleskind or more.
  • the step of forming a film of the mixed liquid and embedding the first electrode to obtain a stimulus response layer specifically includes:
  • the scraped film is soaked in water and dried to obtain an irritant response layer.
  • the thickness of the scraped film is 200-400 ⁇ m.
  • the mass ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the polyvinylidene fluoride is 3-7:100.
  • the preparation method of the biomimetic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function wherein the step of dissolving the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride in a solvent and mixing them to obtain a mixed solution further includes the following steps:
  • the polyvinylidene fluoride is dried in a vacuum box.
  • the solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.
  • the adhesive layer is one or more of light-curing glue and heat-curing glue.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient between the multi-walled carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride differs by 40 times.
  • a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function wherein it is prepared by the method for preparing a biomimetic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function as described in any one of the above, and includes: a stimulus response layer connected in sequence, Adhesive layer and bionic flexible strain sensing film layer.
  • the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer can sense the degree of deformation of the stimulus response layer through the bionic V-groove array structure, and can control the deformation by feeding back its deformation information Deformation of the irritation response layer.
  • Fig. 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function in the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a second structural diagram of the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function in the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of A in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a third structural diagram of the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function in the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of B in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function in the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of C in Fig. 6.
  • the present disclosure provides some embodiments of a method for preparing a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function.
  • the method for preparing a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function of the present disclosure includes the following steps:
  • Step S100 preparing the stimulus response layer 10 and the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer 30, and the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer 30 is provided with a bionic V-shaped groove array structure.
  • the stimulus response layer 10 in the present disclosure can be composed of a smart material or a thin film element that is coupled with a variety of other materials and has the ability to deform the stimulus response.
  • smart materials are shape memory alloys, hydrogels, and other materials with smart features that sense environmental (including internal and external) stimuli, analyze, process, and judge them, and take certain measures to respond appropriately.
  • the thin film element that is formed by coupling a variety of materials and has the ability to respond to irritation and deformation refers to the stimulus-responsive flexible film prepared by using the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient and the difference in hygroscopicity between different materials and other physical properties. element.
  • the thermally responsive film layer is prepared by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients among multiple materials
  • the irritant responsive layer 10 is prepared by using carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride as raw materials, because the thermal expansion coefficient of carbon nanotubes is 3 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 , the thermal expansion coefficient of polyvinylidene fluoride is 127.8 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 , and the difference in thermal expansion capacity between the two is about 40 times.
  • the flexible strain sensing film layer is prepared by imitating the super-sensitivity function of the scorpion in biology.
  • receptors to perceive signals is a unique way of sensing in organisms. These receptors are usually formed by coupling structure and material. The structure is fine and the material is rigid and flexible.
  • the scorpion has an evolutionary history of 430 million years. Due to environmental pressures, scorpions gradually evolve into nocturnal creatures, and the habit of frequent haunts at night has caused the scorpion's visual system to be highly degraded. The lack of the ability of most organisms to rely on the visual system to realize the capture and positioning of environmental signal imaging has led to the evolution of scorpions in other directions to complete their basic activities such as daily predation, interspecies communication, and courtship.
  • the flexible strain sensing film layer is prepared by imitating a scorpion slit susceptor.
  • Step S100 specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S110 preparing the stimulus response layer 10. Specific steps are as follows:
  • Step S111 drying the polyvinylidene fluoride in a vacuum box.
  • the polyvinylidene fluoride powder is dried in a vacuum box at 100-120° C. for 3-5 hours, the purpose of which is to remove the moisture in the powder, so that the polyvinylidene fluoride is fully dissolved and mixed evenly with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the multi-walled carbon nanotubes can also be vacuum dried.
  • step S112 the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the polyvinylidene fluoride are respectively dissolved in a solvent and mixed to obtain a mixed solution.
  • ultrasonic dispersion is used for ultrasonic dispersion, and the specific ultrasonic time is 2 hours.
  • polyvinylidene fluoride is added to the solvent, it is stirred under heating to fully dissolve it.
  • the heating temperature can be set to 50-70°C, and the stirring method can be magnetic stirring.
  • the multi-walled carbon nanotube solution was added to the polyvinylidene fluoride solution, and stirred under heating conditions before ultrasonic treatment.
  • the heating temperature can be set to 50 -70°C
  • the stirring time is 3-5h
  • the stirring method can be magnetic stirring
  • the ultrasonic time is 1h.
  • the mass ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the polyvinylidene fluoride is 3-7:100.
  • the solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, of course, other solvents can also be used.
  • step S113 the mixed solution is subjected to a film forming process and embedded in the first electrode 13 to obtain the stimulus response layer 10.
  • the mixed solution is defoamed in a vacuum thermostat and then poured onto a glass slide to scrape the film and embed the first electrode 13; the scraped film is soaked in water and dried to obtain the irritant response layer 10.
  • the temperature of the vacuum thermostat is 25°C, and the defoaming time is 40-60h.
  • the first electrode 13 can be inserted into the film when the film is not fully cured, or during the film forming process, the first electrode 13 is first placed on the glass slide, and the first electrode 13 is embedded in the film after the film is scraped. Up.
  • the thickness of the scraped film is 200-400 ⁇ m, and the scraped film is a flat film.
  • the flat membrane After the flat membrane is soaked in distilled water or deionized water at room temperature for 60-80 hours, it is dried in a constant temperature drying oven at 50-70°C for 7-9 hours.
  • the solvent in the finally formed stimulus response layer 10 evaporates cleanly, and the stimulus response layer 10 has conductivity due to the existence of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Since the multi-walled carbon nanotubes will settle under the action of gravity, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the flat film are not evenly distributed but the upper layer (that is, the first layer 11) has fewer multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and polyvinylidene fluoride is more The lower layer (ie, the second layer 12) has more multi-walled carbon nanotubes and less polyvinylidene fluoride. Since the expansion coefficients of the two are very different, when the temperature rises, the expansion of the upper layer becomes larger than that of the lower layer, so that the flat film protrudes upward in a "(" shape.
  • Step S120 preparing the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer 30. Specific steps are as follows:
  • Step S121 placing an upper cover made of polystyrene on a container containing ethanol, and then heating the ethanol to form a V-shaped groove array on the upper cover to obtain a V-shaped groove array template.
  • the ethanol heating temperature is 80° C.
  • the heating time is 20-30 hours. Due to the solvent induction method and the linear molecular chain characteristics of polystyrene, a regular V-shaped groove array structure appears on the surface of the polystyrene cover.
  • Step S122 preparing a reverse structure template using a V-shaped groove array template.
  • epoxy resin AB glue is used to prepare the reverse structure template.
  • the epoxy resin AB glue is mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 3:1, it is put into a polystyrene cover, and vacuumed by a vacuum box. The deaeration time is 2h. Then, put it into an oven for curing, the curing temperature is 50°C, and the curing time is 7-9h.
  • the film formed by curing the epoxy resin AB glue (that is, the reverse structure template) can be separated from the V-shaped groove array template by mechanical means.
  • the reverse structure template has a V-shaped convex that matches the V-shaped groove array. Up.
  • Step S123 spin-coating a flexible material on the reverse structure template and then perform defoaming treatment and heating treatment, and remove the reverse structure template to obtain a flexible material layer 31.
  • the flexible material is polydimethylsiloxane, biaxially oriented polypropylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate
  • a hardener is added to the flexible material.
  • the flexible material and the hardener are mixed in a mass ratio of 8-12:1, they are spin-coated on the reverse structure template by a spin coater.
  • the structure template has a V-shaped convex side.
  • defoaming treatment and heating treatment where vacuum defoaming is used, the heating temperature is 70-90°C, and the heating time is 3-5h.
  • the reverse structure template is mechanically removed. Since the reverse structure template has V-shaped protrusions, the flexible material layer 31 has a V-shaped groove array structure consistent with the V-shaped groove array template. By controlling the added amount of the flexible material, flexible material layers 31 with different thicknesses can be obtained. In this embodiment, the thickness of the flexible material layer 31 is 150-250 ⁇ m.
  • Step S124 forming a conductive layer 32 by sputtering on the flexible material layer 31 and then connecting the second electrode to obtain the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer 30. Since the flexible material layer 31 has a V-shaped groove structure consistent with the V-shaped groove array template, the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer 30 obtained after sputtering the conductive layer 32 has a bionic V-shaped groove array structure.
  • the conductive layer 32 is made of the following materials: one or more of carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and copper nanoparticles.
  • the conductive layer 32 can enhance the bonding force between the flexible material and the second electrode.
  • Step S200 connecting the biomimetic flexible strain sensing film layer 30 to the stimulus response layer 10 through the adhesive layer 20.
  • the adhesive layer 20 is one or more of light curing glue and heat curing glue, specifically, such as polymer resin material and acrylic glue.
  • the side of the flexible strain sensing film layer with the bionic V-shaped groove structure is set away from the stimulus response layer 10.
  • the flexible strain sensing film layer may be provided on the upper layer and/or the lower layer of the stimulus response layer 10.
  • the flexible strain sensing film layer can be arranged on the upper layer of the stimulus-responsive layer 10, when the temperature of the irritant-responsive layer 10 increases, the upper layer expands more than the lower layer expands, so that the flexible strain sensor film
  • the layer protrudes upward in the shape of "(" the gap of the bionic V-shaped groove becomes larger
  • the flexible strain sensing film layer can be placed on the lower layer of the stimulus response layer 10, when the temperature rises, the upper layer
  • the degree of expansion is greater than the degree of expansion of the lower layer, so that the flexible strain sensing film layer protrudes upward in a "(" shape, and the gap of the bionic V-shaped groove becomes smaller.
  • the difference between the two materials is about 40 times, when the flexible actuator is not actuated, the bionic flexible transmission
  • the surface state structure of the sensing film is shown in Figure 3.
  • the distance between the two walls of the bionic V-shaped groove is d.
  • the multi-walled carbon nanotube film is a conductor
  • an appropriate voltage is applied to the stimulus response layer 10 through the wire, and the heat generated by the Joule effect will cause the temperature of the stimulus response layer 10 to rise , Triggering bending actuation, and driving the flexible sensing strain element on the polyvinylidene fluoride side to deform.
  • the actuation effect diagram is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
  • the distance between the two walls of the bionic V-shaped slit on the sensing film changes (d1), so that the output resistance signal changes, that is, the feedback function is realized.
  • the schematic diagram of the actuation effect is shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • the stimulus response layer 10 is bent and actuated, the flexible sensing strain element on the side of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is driven to deform, and the distance between the two walls of the bionic V-shaped slit on the sensing film changes (d2), thereby outputting The change of resistance signal realizes the feedback function.
  • the degree of bending actuation of the stimulus response layer 10 can be adjusted to achieve the effect of controllable deformation.
  • the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function is prepared by using the method for preparing the bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function as described in any one of the above, and It includes: a stimulus response layer 10, an adhesive layer 20 and a biomimetic flexible strain sensing film layer 30 connected in sequence.
  • the present disclosure provides a bionic flexible actuator with real-time feedback function and a preparation method thereof.
  • the method includes: preparing a stimulus response layer and a bionic flexible strain sensing film layer, and a bionic flexible strain transmission
  • the sensing film layer is provided with a biomimetic V-groove array structure, and the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer is connected to the stimulus response layer through an adhesive layer;
  • the stimulus response layer is prepared by the following steps: And polyvinylidene fluoride are respectively dissolved in a solvent and mixed to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution is subjected to film forming treatment and embedded in the first electrode to obtain an irritant response layer.
  • the bionic flexible strain sensing film layer can sense the degree of deformation of the stimulus response layer through the bionic V-groove array structure, and control the stimulus response by feeding back its deformation information Deformation of the layer.

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Abstract

一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法，该方法包括：制备刺激性响应层（10）和仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层（30），仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层（30）上设置有仿生V型槽阵列结构（S100），将仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层（30）通过胶粘层连接在刺激性响应层（10）上（S200）；该刺激性响应层（10）采用如下步骤制备：将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液（S112）；将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极（13）得到刺激性响应层（10）（S113）。由于在刺激性响应层（10）上粘贴仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层（30），仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层（30）通过仿生V型槽阵列结构可以感应刺激性响应层（10）的形变程度，通过反馈其形变信息，可以控制刺激性响应层（10）的形变。

Description

一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法 技术领域
本公开涉及致动器领域，尤其涉及的是一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统致动器的致动方式大都采用机械致动、电机致动、液压致动，要实现可控运动，必须具备实时的刺激性响应程度的反馈，根据反馈信号随时对器件进行进一步的运动控制。现有技术中，致动器都缺乏反馈系统，无法达到智能可控形变。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
本公开要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法，旨在解决现有技术中致动器不能反馈，无法达到智能可控形变的问题。
本公开解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，包括以下步骤：制备刺激性响应层和仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层，仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层上设置有仿生V型槽阵列结构，将仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层通过胶粘层连接在刺激性响应层上；
所述刺激性响应层采用如下步骤制备：
将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液；
将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极得到刺激性响应层。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层采用如下步骤制备：
将装有乙醇的容器上放置聚苯乙烯制上盖，然后加热乙醇，在上盖上形成V型槽阵 列得到V型槽阵列模板；
以V型槽阵列模板制备反结构模板；
在反结构模板上旋涂柔性材料后进行脱泡处理和加热处理，并去除反结构模板得到柔性材料层；
在柔性材料层上溅射形成导电层后接入第二电极得到仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述柔性材料层的厚度为150-250μm。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述柔性材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷、双向拉伸聚丙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、硅橡胶、氟硅橡胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲醋、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇醋、聚氨脂、环氧树脂、聚丙烯酸乙醋、聚丙烯酸丁醋、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯或聚丙烯睛中的一种或多种。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述柔性材料层包括：柔性材料和硬化剂。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述柔性材料与所述硬化剂的质量比为8-12:1。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述导电层采用如下材料制成：碳纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒、铂纳米颗粒、银纳米颗粒、铜纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极得到刺激性响应层步骤具体包括：
将混合液在真空恒温箱中进行脱泡处理后倒在载玻片上刮膜并嵌入第一电极；
将刮好的膜放入水中浸泡后干燥得到刺激性响应层。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述刮好的膜的厚度为200-400μm。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述多壁碳纳米管和所述聚偏氟乙烯的质量比为3-7:100。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液步骤之前还包括以下步骤：
将聚偏氟乙烯在真空箱中进行干燥处理。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述溶剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述胶粘层为光固化胶、热固化胶中的一种或多种。
所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其中，所述多壁碳纳米管与所述聚偏氟乙烯之间的热膨胀系数相差40倍。
一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器，其中，其采用如上述任意一项所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法制备，并包括：依次连接的刺激性响应层、胶粘层以及仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层。
有益效果：由于在刺激响应层上粘贴仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层，仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层通过仿生V型槽阵列结构可以感应刺激性响应层的形变程度，通过反馈其形变信息，可以控制刺激性响应层的形变。
附图说明
图1是本公开中具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的第一结构示意图。
图2是本公开中具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的第二结构示意图。
图3是图2中A处的放大图。
图4是本公开中具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的第三结构示意图。
图5是图4中B处的放大图。
图6是本公开中具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的第四结构示意图。
图7是图6中C处的放大图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本公开进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
实施例1
请同时参阅图1-图7，本公开提供了一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法的一些实施例。
如图1-图3所示，本公开的一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S100、制备刺激性响应层10和仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30，仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30上设置有仿生V型槽阵列结构。
本公开中的刺激性响应层10可由智能材料或其它多种材料耦合而成并具备刺激性响应变形能力的薄膜元件组成。其中，智能材料为形状记忆合金，水凝胶等具有感知环境(包括内环境和外环境)刺激，对之进行分析、处理、判断，并采取一定的措施进行适度响应的智能特征的材料。其中，多种材料耦合而成并具备刺激性响应变形能力的薄膜元件指的是利用不同材料间热膨胀系数差异、吸湿性差异等物理属性间的差异性而制备出的刺激性响应柔性薄膜致动元件。
本公开中通过多种材料间热膨胀系数的不同来制备热响应薄膜层，采用碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯为原料制备刺激性响应层10，由于碳纳米管的热膨胀系数是3×10 -6K -1，聚偏氟乙烯的热膨胀系数是127.8×10 -6K -1，两者热膨胀能力相差约为40倍。
柔性应变传感薄膜层是仿生物当中蝎子的超灵敏感知功能而制备的。利用感受器感知信号是生物身上独特的感知方式，这些感受器通常是结构与材料耦合而成，结构精细、材料刚柔并济。在自然界中，蝎子这种生物有着四亿三千万年进化历史。由于环境压力迫使蝎子逐渐演变成夜行性生物，经常在夜间出没的习性导致蝎子的视觉系统已经高度退化。缺乏大部分生物依靠视觉系统来实现环境信号成像的捕捉定位能力导致蝎子向其它方向进化，以完成其日常捕食、种间交流、求偶等基本活动。因此，研究发现在其步 足上存在一种缝感受器，使得蝎子可以依靠这种感受器实现对周围物体产生的振动进行感知定位，根据振动波的频率、幅值等特征识别振源的基本信息，从而达到替代视觉系统的功能。此外，由于蝎子生活环境中的介质大多数属于非连续性介质，如沙漠蝎生存在沙子遍布的环境中，雨林蝎生存在落叶层层分布的环境中，再加上所处环境中其它物种多样性所产生的嘈杂信号，使得蝎子的这种通过感受器感知外界信号并甄别有效信号的能力更加灵敏优异。所述柔性应变传感薄膜层是通过仿蝎子缝感受器而制备的。
步骤S100具体包括以下步骤：
步骤S110、制备刺激性响应层10。具体步骤如下：
步骤S111、将聚偏氟乙烯在真空箱中进行干燥处理。
具体地，将聚偏氟乙烯粉末在真空箱中100-120℃下干燥3-5h，其目的是去除粉末中的水分，以便聚偏氟乙烯充分溶解后与多壁碳纳米管混合均匀。当然，也可以对多壁碳纳米管进行真空干燥处理。
步骤S112、将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液。
多壁碳纳米管加入到溶剂中后采用超声波进行超声分散，具体超声时间为2h。聚偏氟乙烯加入到溶剂中后，在加热条件下进行搅拌以充分溶解，加热温度可以设置成50-70℃，搅拌方式可以采用磁力搅拌。
为了使多壁碳纳米管溶液和聚偏氟乙烯溶液充分混合，将多壁碳纳米管溶液加入到聚偏氟乙烯溶液中，并在加热条件下进行搅拌后超声处理，加热温度可以设置成50-70℃，搅拌时间为3-5h，搅拌方式可以采用磁力搅拌，超声时间为1h。
所述多壁碳纳米管和所述聚偏氟乙烯的质量比为3-7:100。本实施例中，所述溶剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺，当然还可以采用其他溶剂。
步骤S113、将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极13得到刺激性响应层10。
具体地，将混合液在真空恒温箱中进行脱泡处理后倒在载玻片上刮膜并嵌入第一电极13；将刮好的膜放入水中浸泡后干燥得到刺激性响应层10。
脱泡处理中真空恒温箱的温度为25℃，脱泡时间为40-60h。第一电极13有两个，分别设置在膜的两端。第一电极13可以是在膜未完全固化时插入至膜中，也可以是在 成膜过程中，先将第一电极13放置在载玻片上，在刮膜后第一电极13嵌入到膜中了。所述刮好的膜的厚度为200-400μm，刮好的膜即平板膜。
平板膜放入蒸馏水或去离子水中在室温下浸泡60-80h后，在恒温干燥箱中50-70℃下干燥7-9h。最后形成的刺激性响应层10中溶剂挥发干净，且由于多壁碳纳米管的存在，刺激性响应层10具有导电性。由于多壁碳纳米管在重力作用下会沉降，平板膜中多壁碳纳米管并不是均匀分布的而是上层(即第一层11)中多壁碳纳米管较少，聚偏氟乙烯较多，下层(即第二层12)中多壁碳纳米管较多，聚偏氟乙烯较少。由于两者的膨胀系数差别很大，在温度升高时，上层膨胀变大的程度大于下层膨胀变大的程度，从而使得平板膜向上凸出呈“︵”形。
步骤S120、制备仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30。具体步骤如下：
步骤S121、将装有乙醇的容器上放置聚苯乙烯制上盖，然后加热乙醇，在上盖上形成V型槽阵列得到V型槽阵列模板。
具体地，乙醇加热温度为80℃，加热时间为20-30h，由于溶剂诱导法与聚苯乙烯线性分子链特性，聚苯乙烯制上盖表面出现规则的V型槽阵列结构。
步骤S122、以V型槽阵列模板制备反结构模板。
具体地，本公开中采用环氧树脂AB胶制备反结构模板，将环氧树脂AB胶以3:1的质量比混合均匀后，放入聚苯乙烯制上盖中，并通过真空箱进行真空脱泡，脱泡时间为2h。然后，放入烘箱中进行固化，固化温度为50℃，固化时间为7-9h。环氧树脂AB胶固化后，可以采用机械方式将环氧树脂AB胶固化形成的膜(即反结构模板)与V型槽阵列模板分离，反结构模板具有与V型槽阵列配合的V型凸起。
步骤S123、在反结构模板上旋涂柔性材料后进行脱泡处理和加热处理，并去除反结构模板得到柔性材料层31。
具体地，所述柔性材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷、双向拉伸聚丙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、硅橡胶、氟硅橡胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲醋、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇醋、聚氨脂、环氧树脂、聚丙烯酸乙醋、聚丙烯酸丁醋、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯或聚丙烯睛中的一种或多种。
为了加快柔性材料的固化，在柔性材料中加入硬化剂，柔性材料与硬化剂以质量比 8-12:1的比例混合后，通过旋涂机旋涂在反结构模板上，具体旋涂在反结构模板上具有V型凸起的一面。然后进行脱泡处理和加热处理，这里采用真空脱泡，加热温度为70-90℃，加热时间为3-5h。最后采用机械方式去除反结构模板，由于反结构模板上有V型凸起，那么柔性材料层31具有与V型槽阵列模板一致的V型槽阵列结构。通过控制柔性材料的加入量，可以得到不同厚度的柔性材料层31，本实施例中，柔性材料层31的厚度为150-250μm。
步骤S124、在柔性材料层31上溅射形成导电层32后接入第二电极得到仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30。由于柔性材料层31具有与V型槽阵列模板一致的V型槽结构，溅射导电层32后得到的仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30上具有仿生V型槽阵列结构。
具体地，所述导电层32采用如下材料制成：碳纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒、铂纳米颗粒、银纳米颗粒、铜纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。导电层32可以增强柔性材料与第二电极之间的结合力。
步骤S200、将仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30通过胶粘层20连接在刺激性响应层10上。所述胶粘层20为光固化胶、热固化胶中的一种或多种，具体地，如高分子树脂材料、丙烯酸酯胶。
具体地，柔性应变传感薄膜层中具有仿生V型槽结构的一面背离刺激性响应层10设置。柔性应变传感薄膜层可以设置在刺激性响应层10的上层和/或下层。柔性应变传感薄膜层可以设置在刺激性响应层10的上层时，刺激性响应层10在温度升高时，上层膨胀变大的程度大于下层膨胀变大的程度，从而使得柔性应变传感薄膜层向上凸出呈“︵”形，则仿生V型槽的缝隙变大；柔性应变传感薄膜层可以设置在刺激性响应层10的下层时，刺激性响应层10在温度升高时，上层膨胀变大的程度大于下层膨胀变大的程度，从而使得柔性应变传感薄膜层向上凸出呈“︵”形，则仿生V型槽的缝隙变小。
值得说明的是，根据刺激性响应层10中多壁碳纳米管与聚偏氟乙烯两种材料之间的热膨胀系数相差约为40倍，当柔性致动器未发生致动时，仿生柔性传感薄膜表面状态结构如图3所示，仿生V型槽两壁间的间距为d。当环境中温度上升时，聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的膨胀程度要比多壁碳纳米管薄膜的膨胀程度高，因此，刺激性响应层10将发生 弯曲，弯曲方向总是朝多壁碳纳米管侧。当柔性传感元件在聚偏氟乙烯侧时，由于多壁碳纳米管薄膜为导电体，给刺激性响应层10通过导线施加适当电压，根据焦耳效应产生热量将导致刺激性响应层10温度上升，引发弯曲致动，并带动聚偏氟乙烯侧的柔性传感应变元件发生形变，致动效果示意图如图4和图5所示。传感薄膜上的仿生V型缝两壁之间的间距发生变化(d1)，从而输出电阻信号变化，即实现反馈功能。当柔性传感元件在多壁碳纳米管侧时，致动效果示意图如图6和图7所示。当刺激性响应层10弯曲致动时，带动多壁碳纳米管侧的柔性传感应变元件发生形变，传感薄膜上的仿生V型缝两壁之间的间距发生变化(d2)，从而输出电阻信号变化，即实现反馈功能。根据反馈信息，可以调节刺激性响应层10弯曲致动的程度，达到可控形变的效果。
实施例2
本公开还提供了一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的较佳实施例：
如图2所示，本公开实施例所述一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器，其采用如上述任意一项所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法制备，并包括：依次连接的刺激性响应层10、胶粘层20以及仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层30。
综上所述，本公开所提供的一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法，所述方法包括：制备刺激性响应层和仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层，仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层上设置有仿生V型槽阵列结构，将仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层通过胶粘层连接在刺激性响应层上；所述刺激性响应层采用如下步骤制备：将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液；将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极得到刺激性响应层。由于在刺激响应层上粘贴仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层，仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层通过仿生V型槽阵列结构可以感应刺激性响应层的形变程度，通过反馈其形变信息，可以控制刺激性响应层的形变。
应当理解的是，本公开的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本公开所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：制备刺激性响应层和仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层，仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层上设置有仿生V型槽阵列结构，将仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层通过胶粘层连接在刺激性响应层上；
    所述刺激性响应层采用如下步骤制备：
    将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液；
    将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极得到刺激性响应层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层采用如下步骤制备：
    将装有乙醇的容器上放置聚苯乙烯制上盖，然后加热乙醇，在上盖上形成V型槽阵列得到V型槽阵列模板；
    以V型槽阵列模板制备反结构模板；
    在反结构模板上旋涂柔性材料后进行脱泡处理和加热处理，并去除反结构模板得到柔性材料层；
    在柔性材料层上溅射形成导电层后接入第二电极得到仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性材料层的厚度为150-250μm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷、双向拉伸聚丙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、硅橡胶、氟硅橡胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲醋、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇醋、聚氨脂、环氧树脂、聚丙烯酸乙醋、聚丙烯酸丁醋、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯或聚丙烯睛中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性材料层包括：柔性材料和硬化剂。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性材料与所述硬化剂的质量比为8-12:1。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电层采用如下材料制成：碳纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒、铂纳米颗粒、银纳米颗 粒、铜纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述将混合液进行成膜处理并嵌入第一电极得到刺激性响应层步骤具体包括：
    将混合液在真空恒温箱中进行脱泡处理后倒在载玻片上刮膜并嵌入第一电极；
    将刮好的膜放入水中浸泡后干燥得到刺激性响应层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述刮好的膜的厚度为200-400μm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多壁碳纳米管和所述聚偏氟乙烯的质量比为3-7:100。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述将多壁碳纳米管和聚偏氟乙烯分别用溶剂溶解后混合得到混合液步骤之前还包括以下步骤：
    将聚偏氟乙烯在真空箱中进行干燥处理。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述胶粘层为光固化胶、热固化胶中的一种或多种。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多壁碳纳米管与所述聚偏氟乙烯之间的热膨胀系数相差40倍。
  15. 一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器，其特征在于，其采用如权利要求1-14任意一项所述具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器的制备方法制备，并包括：依次连接的刺激性响应层、胶粘层以及仿生柔性应变传感薄膜层。
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CN109921679A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-06-21 吉林大学 一种具备实时反馈功能的仿生柔性致动器及其制备方法

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CN113432525B (zh) * 2021-06-15 2023-02-28 太原理工大学 用于实时监测锚杆变形的传感器的制备方法及使用方法

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