WO2020181789A1 - 一种固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统 - Google Patents

一种固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统 Download PDF

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WO2020181789A1
WO2020181789A1 PCT/CN2019/114394 CN2019114394W WO2020181789A1 WO 2020181789 A1 WO2020181789 A1 WO 2020181789A1 CN 2019114394 W CN2019114394 W CN 2019114394W WO 2020181789 A1 WO2020181789 A1 WO 2020181789A1
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microwave dielectric
test
test system
solid material
microwave
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French (fr)
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吴立新
毛文飞
齐源
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Central South University
Northeastern University China
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Central South University
Northeastern University China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
    • G01R27/2635—Sample holders, electrodes or excitation arrangements, e.g. sensors or measuring cells
    • G01R27/2647—Sample holders, electrodes or excitation arrangements, e.g. sensors or measuring cells of coaxial or concentric type, e.g. with the sample in a coaxial line
    • G01R27/2652—Sample holders, electrodes or excitation arrangements, e.g. sensors or measuring cells of coaxial or concentric type, e.g. with the sample in a coaxial line open-ended type, e.g. abutting against the sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
    • G01R27/2635—Sample holders, electrodes or excitation arrangements, e.g. sensors or measuring cells
    • G01R27/2658—Cavities, resonators, free space arrangements, reflexion or interference arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of material dielectric testing, and particularly relates to a method for collaborative development of solid material microwave dielectric testing and mechanical loading testing.
  • the development of electronics, communications, radar and remote sensing science and technology has promoted the development of material dielectric measurement technology. Affected by the chemical composition and microstructure of the material, the dielectric properties of different materials are different. Therefore, the dielectric properties are one of the important parameters that characterize the inherent physical properties of materials.
  • the commonly used dielectric test methods for solid materials include parallel plate method, coaxial probe method, transmission line method, resonant cavity method and free space method.
  • the parallel plate method refers to the calculation of the dielectric constant of a material by measuring the capacitance between a capacitor composed of two electrode plates. This method is simple and intuitive and mature, but it is only suitable for flat thin plate solid materials with direct current or low frequency dielectric constants. Test.
  • the coaxial probe method sends the "edge" of the electric field at the end of the metal probe into the material, and calculates the complex permittivity of the sample under test by measuring the reflected signal of the electric field.
  • This method is suitable for high-frequency complex permittivity of solid materials. Test, but the main error of the system comes from the influence of the gap between the probe and the sample and the thickness of the sample.
  • the transmission line method requires the material to be placed inside a partially enclosed transmission line, and the complex permittivity is calculated based on the reflected signal and transmission signal inside the transmission line. This method requires the sample shape and size to meet the internal structure of the transmission line, so it is difficult to prepare the test sample.
  • the resonant cavity method is to place the sample in the cavity, and calculate the complex permittivity of the material at a certain frequency based on the material's disturbance of the cavity resonance frequency and quality factor. This method is suitable for the test of small size and low loss samples.
  • the free space method uses an antenna to focus microwave energy on or penetrates a thick or thin material plate, and calculates the dielectric constant of the material by measuring the reflected signal and the transmitted signal. The difficulty of this method is the calibration of the system, so it is compared with other tests. Method, test accuracy and system stability are low.
  • the microwave radiation information of materials can be used to interpret, interpret and invert the physical properties of materials, and the microwave dielectric properties of materials are an important factor affecting their microwave radiation characteristics.
  • the chemical composition, microstructure, temperature and humidity of the materials need to be considered.
  • solid materials such as crustal rock masses, building structures, and mechanical components, they are generally subject to mechanical behaviors such as deformation or fracture due to additional stress from the outside world.
  • the microwave dielectric constant tests for solid materials only It is measured under static conditions (no additional stress), and there is a lack of experimental tests on the effect of additional stress. Therefore, taking into account the external force of the solid material, testing the microwave dielectric properties of the solid material under different stress states has become a key technology to analyze the effect of additional stress on the microwave radiation of the material.
  • the solid material loading system and the microwave dielectric test system are two independent experimental test systems.
  • the two independent subsystems must be organically combined.
  • Solid material mechanics testing experiments are usually based on rigid vertical loading systems.
  • the solid material is placed on the loading platform (the bottom of the bulk solid material is in contact with the loading platform), and then the vertical displacement of the upper loading end is used to apply pressure to the bulk solid material.
  • the front, back, left, and right four faces of the bulk material are free end faces, which can be used to test other physical parameters at the same time.
  • the transmission line method and the traditional resonant cavity method in the microwave dielectric test of solid materials require the test sample to be placed in a closed or semi-closed manner, so it is difficult to effectively integrate with the existing external force loading system; the free space method is affected by its own system stability and test accuracy , The validity of the microwave dielectric test results on solid materials cannot be guaranteed; the open coaxial method test probe is in contact with the sample, and the dielectric test probe is easily disturbed during the external force loading process. Therefore, the current mechanical loading system of solid materials and the microwave dielectric test system cannot be directly combined.
  • Japan AET Company developed an open coaxial resonant cavity microwave dielectric tester based on the principle of the resonant cavity method [2].
  • the open coaxial resonant cavity has the following characteristics: 1) The dielectric test method is simple, just place the test sample freely on the upper end of the test cavity; 2) The preparation of the test sample is less difficult, as long as there is a circular flat surface with a diameter of more than 1cm on the surface of the solid material to be tested.
  • the sample thickness is greater than 0.5mm to meet the test requirements; 3)
  • the test port is in stable contact with the sample, and the open coaxial resonant cavity test system is equipped with a vacuum absorption accessory at the cavity probe to ensure that the sample and the probe are in firm contact ,stable.
  • the present invention invents a microwave dielectric change electric test system that takes into account the uniaxial compression process of solid materials.
  • the system effectively combines the microwave dielectric test system of solid materials with the mechanical loading experimental system, and fills the gap in the microwave dielectric change test method of the solid material during the stress rupture process.
  • the system optimizes the microwave dielectric test environment, uses electromagnetic shields and absorbing materials, reduces the electromagnetic interference of the external environment and the system itself, improves the stability of the test system and the validity of the test data, and is used for exploring solid materials.
  • the mechanical response characteristics of microwave dielectric properties provide basic experimental devices and methods.
  • the current microwave dielectric test system for solid materials can accurately measure the microwave dielectric properties of the material under static conditions, but does not take into account the influence of additional stress on the microwave dielectric properties of solid materials, and solid materials are commonly used
  • the microwave dielectric test system and the material loading system cannot meet the requirements of joint observation through a simple combination.
  • the patent of the invention is based on the advantages of an open coaxial resonant cavity microwave dielectric tester, and invents an experimental system that can effectively test the microwave dielectric changes of solid materials under uniaxial compression.
  • the invention is applicable to the microwave dielectric change test and calibration of any bulk solid material under force.
  • This system is mainly based on the Open Coaxial Resonator microwave dielectric tester, combined with a horizontal and transverse pressure loading device, and at the same time, taking into account the microwave electromagnetic shielding function of the test system, the microwave dielectric test experiment and acceptance of the bulk solid material Force loading experiments are effectively combined to test the microwave dielectric changes of solid materials under different stress states.
  • the open coaxial resonant cavity microwave dielectric tester is an instrument developed in recent years for microwave dielectric testing of solid materials.
  • the cavity itself has different models, and each model of cavity can measure the dielectric constant of the material at several specific frequency points.
  • the operator can also select different test modes by controlling the test software on the computer (13), including single frequency point test and multi-frequency point test.
  • the bulk solid material (1) can be directly placed on the top of the test end of the cavity (2), and the signal source (14) provides the cavity with signals of a specific frequency band for testing.
  • the contact area between the bottom surface of the block and the test tip is a flat surface, and a negative pressure is formed between the sample and the detection tip through a vacuum absorption pump (15), thereby ensuring firm and stable contact between the sample and the probe.
  • a vacuum absorption pump (15)
  • all surfaces except the bottom surface are free end surfaces, which provides conditions for mechanical loading during the microwave dielectric test.
  • the horizontal lateral pressure loading device provides axial pressure for the bulk solid material.
  • the end face of the bulk material can be set to left and right, or front and back, so it does not affect the microwave dielectric test of the open coaxial resonant cavity on the bottom of the block, so as to realize the combined test of the stress loading and the dielectric test of the solid material .
  • the main body of the horizontal and lateral pressure loading device is composed of a rigid support frame, an active loading end and a pressure sensor. In the rigid support frame, two rigid bearing plates (8) are placed parallel and perpendicular to each other, and are connected by four force-transmitting columns (9) to form an integral frame.
  • One bearing plate (8-A) fixes the oil cylinder (3) in the middle position
  • the pressure sensor (4) is fixed in the middle of the pressure plate (8-B) on the other side
  • the cylinder and the pressure sensor are fixed on the front side of the circular cone-shaped rigid spacer (5) and the cylindrical rigid spacer (6) respectively to minimize
  • the hydraulic cylinder device (3) is used to provide the function of the active loading end. Different types of hydraulic cylinders can be selected according to the deformation requirements of solid materials (the maximum pressure is different).
  • the cylinder The loading and unloading are carried out by a manual hydraulic pump (11) control method.
  • the pressure sensor (4) is placed on the passive loading end for the purpose of real-time monitoring of the pressure applied to the solid material during testing, and at the same time, an external digital display (12) is connected to display the pressure value of the material in real time.
  • the digital display can be connected to the control computer (13), and the pressure value during the experiment can be recorded, drawn, and stored in real time through software.
  • the solid material sample is placed on the upper end of the resonant cavity. Considering that the solid material may undergo a large deformation or even macroscopically rupture during the stress process, it will cause poor contact or excessive extrusion at the contact position of the cavity port and the sample The cavity is damaged by the action, so a base (7) with an embedded spring device is placed at the bottom of the cavity. According to the deformation of the solid material during the stress process, the contact pressure between the cavity port and the sample can be passively adjusted to ensure the contact during the whole test The stability.
  • the electromagnetic shielding cover (10) provided outside the horizontal pressure loading device adopts "aluminum plate + absorbing material" double-layer shielding.
  • the outer layer can be a thinner pure aluminum plate (10(1)) to shield the surrounding environment from the electrical and magnetic interference of the experimental system;
  • the inner layer uses a certain thickness of pyramidal microwave absorbing material (10(2) )), used to reduce the multiple reflection effect of microwave radiation between the loading device and the test cavity and the aluminum plate, so that a small microwave anechoic chamber is formed inside the shield to ensure the stability of the electromagnetic environment around the tested material.
  • the electromagnetic shielding cover is a closed design, but because some sensors need to be connected with external equipment, a small gap is left at the bottom of one side of the electromagnetic shielding cover for the equipment connection line (16) to enter and exit, so as to maximize the sealing of the electromagnetic shielding cover.
  • the invention can take into account the microwave dielectric test and uniaxial compression test of solid materials at the same time, and provides an experimental test plan for analyzing and studying the microwave dielectric change law of the solid material during the stress process.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave dielectric change test system for solid materials.
  • Figure 2 is the test result of the case dielectric constant.
  • Figure 1 1-solid material test sample; 2-open coaxial resonant cavity cavity; 3-cylinder; 4-pressure sensor; 5-load end pad; 6-passive load end pad; 7-spring base 8-rigid bearing plate; 9-power transmission column; 10-electromagnetic shielding cover: 10(1)-pure aluminum plate, 10(2)-pyramid absorbing material; 11-hand hydraulic pump; 12-digital display; 13-control computer; 14-microwave signal source; 15-vacuum absorption pump; 16-equipment connection line.
  • Step 1 Resonant cavity cavity selection.
  • the resonant cavity of Coaxial Prober C is selected to test the microwave dielectric constant of solid materials at 2GHz, 6GHz, 10GHz, 14GHz and 18GHz.
  • the signal source of the resonant cavity is provided by a vector network analyzer.
  • the resonant cavity is placed on a base with an embedded spring.
  • Step 2 Horizontal pressure loading device.
  • a jack device with a maximum pressure of 10t is fixed to the active loading end, and a small manual hydraulic pump is used to control the pressurization and decompression process of the jack device.
  • the pressure sensor is connected with a digital display, and the digital display is connected to the computer, and the pressure value is displayed, drawn, saved in real time through the software in the computer.
  • Step 3 Make an electromagnetic shield.
  • the outer layer of the electromagnetic shield is made of 1mm thick pure aluminum plate, and the inner layer is made of 30mm thick pyramidal microwave absorbing material (SA-30).
  • Step 4 System stability test. Place the pre-prepared rock test block on the loading end and place the shielding material. According to the experimental requirements, select the 2GHz single-frequency test mode, calibrate the system with standard PTFE and silica materials, and then start to test the dielectric constant of the rock in the initial state, repeat the test many times, and quickly Browse and record the test data and check the repeatability of the test results. When the fluctuation amplitude of the last 5 dielectric constant test values is ⁇ 0.001, the current test system is stable and the formal test can be started.
  • Step 5 Load test step by step.
  • the manual hydraulic device is used for loading. After loading to 1kN, the 2GHz material dielectric constant test is immediately started through the computer software, and the dielectric test is performed 5 times in a row. After the test is completed, the next level of loading is performed immediately.
  • Step 6 Control the loading amplitude of each step to 1kN, repeat step 5) until the maximum load is reached.

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Abstract

一种固体材料（1）受力过程微波介电变化测试系统，该测试系统基于水平横向压力加载方式的固体材料（1）受力过程微波介电变化；在测试系统外部放置由铝板（10（1））和角锥微波吸收材料（10（2））组成的双层微波电磁屏蔽罩（10），压力加载装置由手动液压泵（11）控制加、卸载，降低了环境和设备的电磁干扰，增强了测试系统的稳定性和抗干扰性，提高了固体材料（1）在受力过程中微波介电变化测试的可靠性。

Description

一种固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统 技术领域
本发明属于材料介电测试领域，特别是涉及到固体材料微波介电测试与力学加载测试协同开展的方法。
背景技术
电子、通信、雷达和遥感科学技术的发展促进了材料介电测量技术的发展。受到材料本身化学组分、微观结构的影响，不同材料的介电性能具有差异性，因此介电特性是表征材料固有物理特性的重要参数之一。根据测试要求的不同，常用固体材料介电测试方法包括平行板法、同轴探头法、传输线法、谐振腔法和自由空间法。通常，平行板法是指通过测量由两个电极板组成的电容器之间的电容来计算材料介电常数，该方法简单直观，发展成熟，但仅适用于平坦薄板固体材料直流或低频介电常数的测试。同轴探头法是将金属探头端部电场的“边缘”送入材料中，通过测量电场的反射信号来计算被测样品的复介电常数，该方法适用于固体材料高频复介电常数的测试，但系统主要误差来自于探头与样品间空隙和样品厚度的影响。传输线法需要将材料置于一个部分封闭的传输线内部，根据传输线内部反射信号和传输信号来计算复介电常数大小，该方法需要样品形状及尺寸满足传输线内部结构，因此测试样品制备难度较大。谐振腔法是将样品放置于腔体中，根据材料对腔体谐振频率和品质因数的扰动来计算材料在某一频率上的复介电常数，该方法适用于小尺寸低损耗样品的测试。自由空间法用天线将微波能量聚焦到或穿透过材料厚板或薄板，通过测量反射信号和透射信号来计算材料的介电常数，该方法的难题在于系统的校准，因此相比于其它测试方法，测试精度 和系统稳定性都偏低。
近年来，随着微波遥感技术的发展，材料的微波辐射信息可用来解译、判读和反演材料物理特性，而材料的微波介电性能是影响其微波辐射特性的重要因素。为了研究影响材料微波介电特性的因素，需要考虑材料化学成分、微观结构、温度以及湿度等因素的影响。然而，对固体材料而言，如地壳岩体、建筑结构以及机械构件等固体材料，普遍受到来自外界附加应力的作用产生形变或破裂等力学行为，而目前针对固体材料微波介电常数的测试仅是在静态条件(无附加应力)下测量的，对附加应力的影响缺乏实验测试。因此，顾及固体材料所受外力作用，测试固体材料在不同应力状态下的微波介电特性，成为分析附加应力对材料微波辐射影响的关键技术。
通常，固体材料受力加载系统和微波介电测试系统是两个独立的实验测试系统，若要开展固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试，需将两个独立的子系统有机结合。
固体材料力学测试实验通常基于刚性竖向加载系统。在一般固体材料单轴压缩实验中，固体材料放置于加载平台上(块状固体材料的底部与加载平台接触)，然后通过上部加载端头的竖向位移实现对块状固体材料施加压力作用，而此时块状材料的前、后、左、右四个面为自由端面，可用于同时开展其它物理参数的测试。而固体体材料微波介电测试中的传输线法和传统谐振腔法，需要测试样品封闭或半封闭放置，因此与现有外力加载系统难以有效结合；自由空间法受本身系统稳定性及测试精度影响，无法保证固体材料受力微波介电测试结果的有效性；开口同轴法测试探头与样品接触，在外力加载过程中介电测试探头易受到扰动。因此，目前固体材料的力学加载系统与 微波介电测试系统无法直接联合使用。
2006年日本AET公司基于谐振腔法原理，研制了开放式同轴谐振腔微波介电测试仪[2]，与传统固体材料微波介电测试方法相比，开放式同轴谐振腔具有如下特点：1)介电测试方法简便，只需将测试样品自由放置于测试腔体的上端即可；2)测试样品制备难度小，只需待测固体材料表面存在一个直径大于1cm的圆形平整面，同时样品厚度大于0.5mm即可满足测试要求；3)测试端口与样品接触稳定，开放式同轴谐振腔测试系统在腔体探针处装有真空吸收式附件，可保证样品与探针接触牢固、稳定。
本发明基于开放式同轴谐振腔的特点，发明了一种顾及固体材料单轴压缩过程的微波介变化电测试系统。该系统有效联合了固体材料的微波介电测试系统与力学加载实验系统，填补了固体材料受力破裂过程微波介电变化测试方法的空白。同时，该系统优化了微波介电测试环境，采用电磁屏蔽罩与吸波材料，降低了外部环境和系统本身的电磁干扰，提高了测试系统的稳定性和测试数据的有效性，为探索固体材料微波介电特性的力学响应特征提供了基本的实验装置与方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：当前固体材料的微波介电测试系统能准确测量材料静态条件下的微波介电特性，但未顾及附加应力对固体材料微波介电性能的影响，而常用固体材料微波介电测试系统与材料受力加载系统无法通过简单组合的方式满足联合观测要求。本发明专利基于开放式同轴谐振腔微波介电测试仪的优点，发明一套能够有效测试固体材料在单轴压缩作用下微波介电变化的实验系统。该发明适用于任何块状固体材料受力过程的微 波介电变化测试与标定。
本系统主要基于开放式同轴谐振腔(Open Coaxial Resonator)微波介电测试仪，联合水平横向压力加载装置，同时顾及测试系统微波电磁屏蔽功能，把块状固体材料的微波介电测试实验和受力加载实验有效联合起来，测试固体材料不同受力状态下的微波介电变化。
开放式同轴谐振腔微波介电测试仪是近年来发展起来的一种用于固体材料微波介电测试的仪器。腔体本身有不同的型号，每种型号的腔体都可在几个特定的频点处测量材料的介电常数。当选择某一型号腔体进行测试时，操作人员还可通过控制电脑(13)上的测试软件选择不同的测试模式，包括单频点测试和多频点测试。在测试过程中，可直接将块状固体材料(1)放置于腔体(2)测试端头顶部，由信号源(14)为腔体提供所需特定频段的信号进行测试。测试时块体底面与测试端头的接触区域为平整面，且通过真空吸收泵(15)使得样品与探测端头处形成负压，从而可保证样品与探针接触牢固、稳定。若同时固体材料为长方体块状，则除底部面的其它面均为自由端面，这就为微波介电测试过程中的力学加载提供了条件。
水平横向压力加载装置为块状固体材料提供轴向压力。块状材料受力端面可设置为左与右，或前与后，因此不影响开放式同轴谐振腔在块体底面进行微波介电测试，从而实现固体材料的应力加载与介电测试联合测试。水平横向压力加载装置主体由刚性支撑框架、主动加载端和压力传感器组成。刚性支撑框架中两块刚性承压板(8)相互平行且垂直放置，由四根传力柱(9)连接形成整体框架，一侧承压板(8-A)中间位置固定油缸(3)，另一侧承压板(8-B)中间位置固定压力传感器(4)，油缸和压力传感器正面分别固定圆台形刚性垫 块(5)和圆柱形刚性垫块(6)，在尽量减小框架体积和重量的基础上，保证框架的刚度满足固体材料力学测试要求。采用液压油缸装置(3)提供主动加载端功能，可根据固体材料的形变要求，选择不同型号的液压油缸(可提供最大压力不同)，同时为了减小加载过程中的机械振动和电磁干扰，油缸采用手动液压泵(11)控制的方式进行加载和卸载。压力传感器(4)放置于被动加载端，目的是为了实时监测固体材料测试过程中所受压力的大小，同时外接数字显示仪(12)，实时显示材料所受压力值。此外，可将数字显示仪与控制电脑(13)连接，通过软件对实验过程中的压力值进行实时记录、绘图、数据存储等操作。测试过程中，固体材料样品放置于谐振腔腔体上端，考虑到固体材料在受力过程中可能产生较大的形变甚至宏观破裂，会导致腔体端口与样品接触位置产生接触不良或过度挤压作用损坏腔体，因此在腔体底部放置内嵌弹簧装置的底座(7)，可根据固体材料受力过程中的形变，被动调整腔体端口与样品间的接触压力，保证整个测试过程中接触的稳定性。
为了降低测试过程中的噪声干扰，在水平压力加载装置外部设置的电磁屏蔽罩(10)，电磁屏蔽罩采用“铝板+吸波材料”双层屏蔽。其中，外层可用厚度较薄的纯铝板(10(1))，用来屏蔽周围环境对实验系统的电、磁的干扰；内层用一定厚度的角锥形微波吸波材料(10(2))，用来减小加载装置和测试腔体与铝板之间微波辐射的多次反射效应，这样屏蔽罩内部形成一个小型的微波暗室，保证被测材料周围电磁环境的稳定性。电磁屏蔽罩为封闭式设计，但由于部分传感器需要与外接设备连接，在电磁屏罩的某一侧面底部留小豁口供设备连接线(16)出入，从而最大限度保留电磁屏蔽罩的封闭性。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
利用本发明，能同时顾及到固体材料的微波介电测试与单轴压缩测试，为分析和研究固体材料受力过程微波介电变化规律提供了实验测试方案。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是固体材料受力微波介电变化测试系统示意图。
图2是案例介电常数测试结果。
附图标记
图1中：1-固体材料测试样本；2-开放式同轴谐振腔腔体；3-油缸；4-压力传感器；5-加载端垫块；6-被动加载端垫块；7-弹簧底座；8-刚性承压板；9-传力柱；10-电磁屏蔽罩：10(1)-纯铝板，10(2)-角锥吸波材料；11-手动液压泵；12-数字显示器；13-控制计算机；14-微波信号源；15-真空吸收泵；16-设备连接线。
具体实施方式
以岩石材料受力过程微波介电测试为例，详细说明本发明的实现过程，其具体实施方式如下：
步骤1：谐振腔腔体选择。根据测试要求，选择型号为Coaxial Prober C的谐振腔腔体，可测试2GHz、6GHz、10GHz、14GHz和18GHz频率固体材料的微波介电常数。谐振腔信号源由矢量网络分析仪提供。谐振腔腔体放置在内嵌弹簧的底座上。
步骤2：水平压力加载装置。根据Coaxial Prober C腔体几何特征及力学测试要求，设计并制造水平单轴压力加载设备。考虑到一般岩石材料的单轴受压形变特征，将最大压力为10t的千斤顶装置固定至主动加载端，同时用小型手动液压泵控制千斤顶装置的加压、卸压过程。将相应量程的压力传感器固定于被动受力端。同时压力传感器外接一数字显示仪，且数字显示仪与电脑连接，通过电脑中的软件对压力值进行实时显示、绘图、保存等操作。
步骤3：制作电磁屏蔽罩。电磁屏蔽罩的外层用1mm厚纯铝板，内层用30mm厚的角锥形微波吸波材料(SA-30)。
步骤4：系统稳定性测试。将预先制备好的岩石试块放置于加载端，放置好屏蔽材料。按照实验要求，选择2GHz单频测试模式，采用标准的聚四氟乙烯和二氧化硅材料对系统进行定标，然后开始测试岩石在初始状态下的的介电常数，多次重复测试，同时快速浏览并记录测试数据，查看测试结果的可重复性，当最近5次介电常数测试值波动幅值为±0.001时，表面目前测试系统达到稳定，可开始正式测试。
步骤5：逐级加载测试。采用手动液压装置进行加载，加载至1kN后通过电脑软件立即开始2GHz材料介电常数测试，连续进行5次介电测试，测试完毕后立即进行下一级加载。
步骤6：每没级加载幅值控制为1kN，重复步骤5)，直至达到设定的最大荷载。
至此，测得岩石试块在受力过程中的微波介电常数变化，测试结果如图2所示。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了 进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统，其特征在于，该系统包括：开放式同轴谐振腔微波介电测试仪、水平横向压力加载装置、微波电磁屏蔽罩、弹簧底座、控制计算机。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统，其特征在于，所述水平横向压力加载装置，两块刚性承压板相互平行且垂直放置，由四根受力柱连接形成整体框架，一侧承压板中间位置固定油缸，另一侧承压板中间位置固定压力传感器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统，其特征在于，所述水平横向压力加载装置，油缸由手动液压泵通过油管控制加、卸载。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统，其特征在于，所述水平横向压力加载装置，压力传感器通过数字显示仪连接控制计算机。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的固体材料受力过程微波介电变化测试系统，其特征在于，所述微波电磁屏蔽罩由双层屏蔽材料组成封闭式结构，其中外层为纯铝板，铝板内侧紧贴角锥形微波吸波材料。
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