WO2020181705A1 - 动力电池包、储能装置以及电动车 - Google Patents

动力电池包、储能装置以及电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181705A1
WO2020181705A1 PCT/CN2019/097641 CN2019097641W WO2020181705A1 WO 2020181705 A1 WO2020181705 A1 WO 2020181705A1 CN 2019097641 W CN2019097641 W CN 2019097641W WO 2020181705 A1 WO2020181705 A1 WO 2020181705A1
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Prior art keywords
frame
battery pack
power battery
single battery
pack according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/097641
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙华军
鲁志佩
唐江龙
江文锋
朱燕
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to EP19919444.0A priority Critical patent/EP3933955A4/en
Priority to US17/437,348 priority patent/US20220181730A1/en
Priority to JP2021552815A priority patent/JP7383721B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217032151A priority patent/KR20210134972A/ko
Publication of WO2020181705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181705A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66Arrangements of batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/267Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders having means for adapting to batteries or cells of different types or different sizes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438Arrangement under the floor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2304/00Optimising design; Manufacturing; Testing
    • B60Y2304/03Reducing weight
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2304/00Optimising design; Manufacturing; Testing
    • B60Y2304/07Facilitating assembling or mounting
    • B60Y2304/072Facilitating assembling or mounting by preassembled subunits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of power battery packs, in particular, to a power battery pack, an energy storage device using the power battery pack, and an electric vehicle using the power battery pack.
  • the power battery pack mainly includes a containing device and a plurality of battery modules installed in the containing device.
  • the battery module is mainly assembled from a plurality of single cells.
  • the containing device usually includes a bottom plate and a side beam. The beams are arranged around the bottom plate.
  • a plurality of transverse beams and longitudinal beams are usually arranged between the side beams, and the plurality of transverse beams, longitudinal beams and the side beams and the bottom plate jointly define a plurality of There are multiple accommodating spaces for battery modules, and each battery module is arranged in a corresponding accommodating space.
  • the volume utilization rate of the containment device is low, which is about 40%, and the number of single batteries that can be installed is limited, which cannot effectively improve the endurance of the power battery pack;
  • the traditional power battery pack contains many battery modules. During the assembly process, each battery module needs to be fixed to the beam, and a large number of screws and other fasteners are needed to fasten the modules.
  • the beam or longitudinal beam has a certain weight, which causes the weight of the containment device to increase;
  • the single cells need to be assembled into battery modules before they are arranged in the containing device, and the operation steps are complicated.
  • the accommodating device is usually designed in a square or rectangular shape, which has a low degree of matching with the shape of the body chassis, and has a low utilization rate of the installation area of the body chassis, thereby reducing the single battery installed on the body The number of vehicles, thereby weakening the endurance of the vehicle.
  • the present disclosure provides a power battery pack, an energy storage device using the power battery pack, and an electric vehicle using the power battery pack.
  • the power battery pack can effectively increase the volume utilization rate of the containing device and improve the power battery pack Battery life.
  • the present disclosure provides a power battery pack, which includes a containing device and a plurality of single cells arranged in the containing device.
  • the containing device has a plurality of containing areas, and each containing area has an A first frame and a second frame arranged opposite to each other in one direction, and the single battery arranged between the first frame and the second frame, between the different accommodating areas, the first frame
  • each single battery includes a first end and a second end opposite to each other, and at least one of the first end and the second end of the single battery The distance between and the corresponding distance between the first frame and the second frame matches.
  • the first end of at least one single battery is supported on a corresponding first frame, and the second end of the single battery is supported on a corresponding second frame.
  • the length direction of the single battery is substantially perpendicular to the first frame and the second frame, and in each accommodating area, the first end of the single battery and the The distance between the second ends is L1, the distance between the inner surface of the first frame and the inner surface of the second frame is L2, where L1/L2 ⁇ 50% is satisfied.
  • the plurality of receiving areas include a central area and two side areas located on opposite sides of the central area, and the distance between the first frame and the second frame in the central area is greater than that of the two The distance between the first frame and the second frame in the side area is such that the plurality of receiving areas form a cross-shaped structure.
  • the plurality of receiving areas include a first area and a second area located on one side of the first area, and the distance between the first frame and the second frame of the first area is greater than that of the The distance between the first frame and the second frame of the second area is such that the plurality of receiving areas form a T-shaped structure.
  • At least one of the volume and the capacity of the unit cells in the different receiving areas is the same.
  • the single battery is a square battery and has a length, a thickness, and a height between the length and the thickness, the single battery is placed on its side, and the size of the single battery
  • the length direction is the first direction
  • the thickness direction is the second direction
  • the height direction is the third direction.
  • the heights of the single cells in different accommodating areas are the same.
  • the ratios are reciprocal of each other.
  • the containing device is a tray for a vehicle.
  • the length of the single cell is 500mm-1000mm.
  • the receiving device is formed on an electric vehicle.
  • the receiving device is a cavity recessed downward.
  • the cavity includes a first side wall and a second side wall opposed to each other, and the first frame is a part of the first side wall and the first side wall of the cavity.
  • An extension part, the second frame is an extension part of the second side wall and the second side wall of the cavity.
  • the extension part of the first side wall and the extension part of the second side wall form the bottom of the cavity.
  • 80% ⁇ L1/L2 ⁇ 97% is satisfied.
  • the plurality of unit batteries are arranged in a second direction different from the first direction.
  • the power battery pack is arranged with multiple layers of the multiple single cells along the third direction, and the multiple single cells in each layer are located on the first frame and the second frame. Between the borders.
  • each single battery is arranged with the first direction as the length direction.
  • the accommodating device further includes a third frame and a fourth frame arranged in a second direction different from the first direction, and the first frame and the second frame of the two side regions are far away
  • One end of the central area is connected by the third frame, and the first frame and the second frame of the two side areas close to the central area are connected to the first frame of the central area through the fourth frame.
  • the single cells in the two side areas are arranged between the third frame and the fourth frame along the second direction, and the single cells in the central area are arranged along the second direction Between the fourth frame.
  • the third frame applies a force toward the two side regions to the single cells disposed adjacent to the third frame, and the fourth frame extends to the area adjacent to the fourth frame.
  • the single battery provided by the frame exerts a force toward the central area.
  • the first end of each single battery is fixed on a corresponding first frame, and the second end of each single battery is fixed on a corresponding second frame.
  • a first end plate is provided between the first end of at least some of the plurality of single cells and the first frame
  • the A second end plate is provided between the second end of at least part of the single battery and the second frame of the plurality of single batteries, and the first end of the at least part of the single battery is supported by the first end plate
  • the second end of the at least part of the single battery is supported on the second frame through the second end plate; the first end plate, the second end plate and the at least Some single cells make up a battery module.
  • a module bottom plate is provided under at least some of the plurality of single cells, and the module bottom plate is connected to the first end plate and Between the second end plates, the module bottom plate, the first end plate, the second end plate and the at least part of the single cells constitute the battery module.
  • a module top plate is provided above at least some of the plurality of single cells, and the module top plate is connected to the first end plate and Between the second end plates, the module top plate, the module bottom plate, the first end plate, the second end plate and the at least part of the single cells constitute the battery module.
  • a first side plate and a second side plate opposite to each other are provided between the first end plate and the second end plate, and the first end plate , A second end plate, a first side plate, a second side plate, a module top plate, a module bottom plate and the at least part of the single cells constitute the battery module.
  • a module bottom plate is provided under at least part of the plurality of single cells, and the at least part of the cells is electrically supported by the module bottom plate.
  • the module bottom plate and the at least part of the single cells form a battery module.
  • each receiving area along a second direction different from the first direction, there are at least two battery modules in each receiving area.
  • the power battery pack is arranged with multiple layers of the battery modules along the third direction.
  • the single battery is a rectangular battery with a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and has a length, a thickness, and a height between the length and the thickness, and each single battery is placed on its side.
  • the length direction of each of the single cells is the first direction
  • the thickness direction is the second direction
  • the height direction is the third direction.
  • Two adjacent single cells in each accommodating area have a large surface. The way the noodles are arranged.
  • the ratio of the length L to the thickness D of the single battery satisfies 50 ⁇ L/D ⁇ 70.
  • the ratio of the surface area S to the volume V of the single battery satisfies 0.15 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 0.2.
  • the ratio of the surface area S to the energy E of the single battery satisfies 250 ⁇ S/E ⁇ 400.
  • the first frame in each receiving area, is provided with a first supporting step, and the second frame is provided with a second supporting step; the first end of each single cell Supported on the corresponding first supporting step, and the second end of each single cell is supported on the corresponding second supporting step.
  • the first frame is provided with a first fixing part
  • the second frame is provided with a second fixing part; the first end of each single battery is fixed to the first fixing part.
  • the second end of each single battery is fixed on the second fixing part.
  • the single battery is a metal shell square battery.
  • a heat insulation layer is provided between the module bottom plate and the single cells.
  • a heat conducting plate is provided between the top plate of the module and the single battery.
  • the top plate of the module is a liquid cooling plate or a direct cooling plate with a cooling structure arranged inside.
  • the first electrode of the single battery is led out from the single battery toward the first end of the first frame, and the second electrode of the single battery is led by the single battery.
  • the body battery is led out toward the second end of the second frame.
  • the single battery is provided with an explosion-proof valve facing the first end of the first frame, an exhaust channel is provided inside the first frame, and each The corresponding positions of the explosion-proof valves of each single battery are provided with an air inlet, the air inlet is in communication with the exhaust passage, and the containing device is provided with an exhaust hole in communication with the exhaust passage
  • the second end of the single battery facing the second frame is provided with an explosion-proof valve
  • an exhaust channel is provided inside the second frame
  • the second frame is connected to each single battery
  • the corresponding positions of the explosion-proof valve are all provided with an air inlet, the air inlet is in communication with the exhaust passage, and the containing device is provided with an exhaust hole communicating with the exhaust passage; or, the Both the first end of the single battery facing the first frame and the second end facing the second frame are provided with explosion-proof valves, and both the first frame and the second frame are provided with exhaust An air passage, an air inlet is provided on the first frame at a position corresponding to the explosion-proof valve
  • the first direction is a vehicle body width direction
  • the second direction is a vehicle body length direction
  • the first direction is a vehicle body length direction
  • the second direction is a vehicle body width direction
  • the first end and the second end of the single battery are adapted to the first frame and the second frame, that is, the single battery is the first frame opposite to the receiving device.
  • the second frame thereby reducing the use of beams or longitudinal beams in the accommodating device in the prior art, and even the accommodating device may not use the beams or longitudinal beams, thereby reducing the occupation of the beams or longitudinal beams in the accommodating device.
  • This improves the space utilization of the containing device, and enables as many single batteries as possible to be arranged in the containing device, thereby increasing the capacity, voltage and endurance of the entire power battery pack. For example, in electric vehicles, this design can increase the space utilization rate from about 40% to more than 60% or even higher, such as 80%.
  • the manufacturing process of the containing device is simplified, the assembly complexity of the single battery is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
  • the containing device and the entire power are reduced.
  • the weight of the battery pack is reduced, and the weight of the power battery pack is realized.
  • the endurance of the electric vehicle can be improved, and the weight of the electric vehicle can be reduced.
  • the single battery provided in the present disclosure extends between the first frame and the second frame, and the single battery itself can be used as a beam or longitudinal to strengthen the structural strength of the receiving device.
  • the beam that is to say, there is no need to provide a strengthening structure to strengthen its structural strength in the containment device.
  • the single battery itself can replace the strengthening structure to ensure the structural strength of the containment device and ensure that the containment device is not prone to occur under external forces. deformation.
  • the opposite ends of the single battery cannot fit the two oppositely arranged frames in the containing device;
  • the length of the single battery in the disclosure along the first direction is longer, so that the thickness along the second direction different from the first direction can be made thinner, so that the surface area of a single single battery is larger than that in the prior art.
  • the surface area of the battery can increase the heat dissipation area of the single battery and increase the heat dissipation rate of the single battery, thereby improving the safety of the entire power battery pack and making the power battery pack safer and more reliable.
  • the accommodating device also has a plurality of accommodating areas, and the distance between the first frame and the second frame in each accommodating area in the first direction is different, that is, the accommodating device has multiple shapes and sizes.
  • the structure and shape of the accommodation device can be adapted to the structure and shape of the installation space of the power battery pack on the electric vehicle, for example, when the power battery pack is installed
  • the accommodating device can be adapted to the shape of the body chassis, so as to arrange as many single batteries as possible, thereby improving the endurance of the electric vehicle.
  • an electric vehicle which includes the above-mentioned power battery pack.
  • the power battery pack is arranged at the bottom of the electric vehicle, and the containing device is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle includes a power battery pack disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle, the accommodating device is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle, and the plurality of single battery edges are different from The first direction is arranged in a second direction, the first direction is the width direction of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle, and the second direction is the length direction of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle.
  • the plurality of receiving areas include a central area and two side areas located on opposite sides of the central area, and the distance between the first frame and the second frame of the central area is greater than that of the two sides.
  • the distance between the first frame and the second frame of the area is such that the receiving area has a cross-shaped structure, and the outer sides of the two side areas in the second direction correspond to the wheel area of the electric vehicle.
  • the ratio of the width L3 of the central area in the first direction to the vehicle body width W satisfies: 50% ⁇ L3/W ⁇ 80%.
  • the ratio of the length L4 of the unit battery in the first direction to the vehicle body width W in the central area satisfies: 40% ⁇ L4/W ⁇ 70%.
  • an energy storage device including the above-mentioned power battery pack.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a power battery pack provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a single battery provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a top view of a power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of a power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a receiving device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a receiving device provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a power battery pack provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein there are multiple battery modules in each containing area;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a power battery pack provided by still another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the battery modules in each containing area are multilayered;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 12;
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a first side plate or a second side plate provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a first end plate or a second end plate provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 17 is a cross-sectional view of a power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the first frame and the second frame are not shown;
  • FIG. 18 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a receiving device (cavity) provided on an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 19 is a cross-sectional view of a cavity provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the storage device (car tray) provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure fixed on an electric vehicle;
  • 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric vehicle of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device of the present disclosure.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the used orientation words such as “up, down, left, right, top, bottom” are based on the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings.
  • orientation words such as "up, down, left, right, top, bottom”
  • first and second are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • the directional words "front, rear, left, right” used in describing the electric vehicle generally refer to the front, rear, left, and right of the vehicle itself, and according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, toward the left wheel
  • the direction of is left, the direction toward the right wheel is right, the direction toward the front of the car is front, and the direction toward the rear of the car is rear.
  • a power battery pack 700 which includes a receiving device 200 and a plurality of single cells 100 arranged in the receiving device 200.
  • the receiving device 200 has a plurality of receiving devices.
  • Each receiving area has a first frame 201 and a second frame 202 arranged opposite to each other along the first direction A1, and a single battery 100 arranged between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202. Between the areas, the distances between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 along the first direction A1 are different to form accommodating areas of different shapes and sizes.
  • Each single cell 100 includes opposite first and second ends, The distance between the first end and the second end of the at least one single cell 100 matches the distance between the corresponding first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • each single cell 100 extends between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, and the plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the length direction of the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, that is, along the second direction A2 arrangement.
  • the “matching” mentioned above means that the distance between the two frames or the two side walls in the following can be matched to install a single battery 100. This kind of fit can be clearance fit, interference fit, Various fitting methods such as fastening fitting and fixed fitting can achieve the purpose of the present disclosure.
  • the receiving device 200 needs to be provided with cross beams. 500 or stringer 600 (as shown in Fig. 1) to facilitate the assembly of single cells.
  • the battery module 400 is fixed to the adjacent beam 500 by fasteners, or the battery module 400 is connected to the adjacent beams 500 by fasteners.
  • the adjacent longitudinal beams 600 are fixed, or the battery module 400 is fixed to the adjacent transverse beams 500 and the adjacent longitudinal beams 600 by fasteners.
  • the accommodating device 200 in the prior art is provided with a beam 500 or a longitudinal beam 600
  • the beam 500 or the longitudinal beam 600 occupies a large amount of installation space for accommodating single batteries in the accommodating device 200, resulting in the volume utilization of the accommodating device 200
  • the volume utilization rate of the containing device 200 is about 40% or even lower, that is, only about 40% of the space in the containing device 200 in the prior art can be used for installing single batteries.
  • the number of single batteries that can be accommodated in the accommodating device 200 is limited, the capacity and voltage of the entire power battery pack 700 are limited, and the power battery pack 700 has poor endurance.
  • the first end and the second end of the single battery 100 are matched with the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, that is, the single battery 100 is the first oppositely arranged on the receiving device 200.
  • the frame 201 and the second frame 202 extend between the frame 201 and the second frame 202, thereby reducing the use of the transverse beam 500 or the longitudinal beam 600 in the receiving device 200 in the prior art, and even the transverse beam 500 or the longitudinal beam 600 may not be used in the receiving device 200, thereby reducing
  • the space occupied by the beam 500 or the longitudinal beam 600 in the accommodating device 200 improves the space utilization rate of the accommodating device 200, and enables as many single batteries 100 as possible to be arranged in the accommodating device 200, thereby improving the entire power battery pack. 700 capacity, voltage and endurance.
  • this design can increase the space utilization rate from about 40% to more than 60% or even higher, such as 80%.
  • the manufacturing process of the containing device 200 is simplified, the assembly complexity of the single battery 100 is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
  • the weight of the accommodating device 200 and the entire power battery pack 700 is reduced, and the weight of the power battery pack 700 is reduced.
  • the endurance of the electric vehicle 800 can also be improved, and the weight of the electric vehicle 800 can be reduced.
  • the single battery 100 provided in the present disclosure extends between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, and the single battery 100 itself can be used as the structure of the reinforced receiving device 200 Strength beams or longitudinal beams, that is to say, there is no need to provide a strengthening structure to strengthen its structural strength in the containment device.
  • the single battery 100 itself can replace the strengthening structure to ensure the structural strength of the containment device 200 and ensure the containment The device 200 is not easily deformed under external force.
  • the single battery 100 in the present disclosure has a longer length in the first direction A1, which can make its thickness in the second direction A2 different from the first direction A1 thinner, so that the surface area of the single battery 100 It is larger than the surface area of the single battery in the prior art, so that the heat dissipation area of the single battery 100 can be increased, and the heat dissipation rate of the single battery 100 can be increased, thereby improving the safety of the entire power battery pack 700 and making the power battery pack 700 more secure. Safe and reliable.
  • the accommodating device 200 also has a plurality of accommodating areas, and the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in each accommodating area along the first direction A1 is different, that is, the accommodating device 200 has multiple There are accommodating areas with different shapes and sizes.
  • the structure and shape of the accommodating device 200 can be adapted to the structure and shape of the installation space of the power battery pack 700 on the electric vehicle 800
  • the accommodating device 200 can be adapted to the shape of the chassis of the vehicle body, so as to arrange as many single batteries 100 as possible, thereby improving the endurance of the electric vehicle 800. ability.
  • the first end of at least one single battery 100 is supported on the corresponding first frame 201, and the second end of the single battery 100 is supported on the corresponding second frame 202.
  • the first end and the second end of the single battery 100 can be respectively placed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or can be fixed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the specific fixing method will be described in detail below. Description, the present disclosure does not limit the specific support and fixing method.
  • the support can be direct support or indirect support.
  • the direct meaning means that the first end of the single battery 100 and the first frame 201 are directly contacted and supported, and the second end of the single battery 100 and the second frame 202 are directly contacted and matched.
  • Indirect meaning means that, for example, in some embodiments, the first end of the single battery 100 is supported by the first end plate 205 and the first frame 201, and the second end of the single battery 100 passes through the second end plate 206 Cooperate and support with the second frame 202.
  • the first end of each single battery 100 is fixed on the corresponding first frame 201, and the second end of each single battery 100 is fixed on the corresponding second frame 202.
  • the fixed connection mode can support the single cell 100 in the third direction A3; on the other hand, the fixed connection mode can improve the stability and firmness of the overall structure.
  • there are many ways of fixing for example, the first end of each single cell 100 is detachably fixed to the first frame 201 by a fastener, and the second end is detachably fixed to the second frame by a fastener.
  • each single battery 100 On the frame 202; or, the first end and the second end of each single battery 100 are respectively fixed on the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 by welding; or, the first end of each single battery 100 and The second end is respectively fixed on the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 by dispensing glue.
  • first frame 201 and the second frame 202 can be parallel to each other, can also be arranged at an angle, and can be a linear structure or a curved structure.
  • the single battery 100 may be perpendicular to the first frame 201, or the single battery 100 and the second frame 202 may be perpendicular, or the single battery 100 and the first frame 201 may be arranged at an acute or obtuse angle, or the single battery 100 and the second The frame 202 is arranged at an acute or obtuse angle.
  • the receiving device 200 formed by the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 may have a rectangular, square, parallelogram, or fan-shaped structure;
  • the receiving device 200 formed by the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 may have a trapezoidal, triangular, or other structure.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the angular relationship between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, and the angular relationship between the single battery 100 and the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 is a sudden change in size; while for the first frame 201 and the second frame 202
  • the distance between the first border 201 and the second border 202 is gradually changing in size.
  • the spacing between 202 refers to the average of the spacing between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in the receiving area.
  • first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are located on opposite sides of the receiving device 200 along the first direction A1, which means that the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are located at the outermost edge of the receiving device 200 along the first direction A1.
  • the sides, that is, the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are the outermost sides of the receiving device 200.
  • first end and second end of the single battery 100 mentioned above and below are used to describe the orientation of the single battery 100, and are not used to limit and describe the specific structure of the single battery 100.
  • first end and the second end are not used to define and describe the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the single battery 100, that is, in the present disclosure, the end of the single battery 100 matching the first frame 201 is the first end , The end of the single battery 100 matching the second frame 202 is the second end.
  • the single battery 100 can be assembled between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in various embodiments.
  • the first end of each single battery 100 is supported on a corresponding first frame.
  • the second end of each single battery 100 is supported on the corresponding second frame 202.
  • the first end and the second end of the single battery 100 can be respectively placed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or can be fixed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the specific fixing method will be described in detail below. Description, the present disclosure does not limit the specific support and fixing method.
  • the support can be direct support or indirect support.
  • the direct meaning means that the first end of the single battery 100 and the first frame 201 are directly contacted and supported, and the second end of the single battery 100 and the second frame 202 are directly contacted and matched.
  • Indirect meaning means that, for example, in some embodiments, the first end of the single battery 100 is supported by the first end plate 205 and the first frame 201, and the second end of the single battery 100 passes through the second end plate 206 Cooperate and support with the second frame 202.
  • the first end of each single battery 100 is fixed on the corresponding first frame 201, and the second end of each single battery 100 is fixed on the corresponding second frame 202.
  • the fixed connection mode can support the single cell 100 in the third direction A3; on the other hand, the fixed connection mode can improve the stability and firmness of the overall structure.
  • there are many ways of fixing for example, the first end of each single cell 100 is detachably fixed to the first frame 201 by a fastener, and the second end is detachably fixed to the second frame by a fastener.
  • each single battery 100 On the frame 202; or, the first end and the second end of each single battery 100 are respectively fixed on the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 by welding; or, the first end of each single battery 100 and The second end is respectively fixed on the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 by dispensing glue.
  • the containment device 200 composed of multiple containment areas may have any appropriate structure and shape.
  • the multiple containment areas include a central area 221 and two opposite sides of the central area 221.
  • the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in the two side areas 222 and the central area 221 is greater than the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in the two side areas 222, so that the plurality of receiving areas are formed Cross-shaped structure.
  • the central area 221 can be located between the front wheels (including the front left wheel and the front right wheel) and the rear wheels (including the rear left wheel and the rear right wheel), so as to utilize the installation space at the bottom of the electric vehicle 800 as much as possible ,
  • the area of the accommodating device 200 is enlarged, so that more single batteries 100 can be arranged on the electric vehicle 800, and the endurance of the electric vehicle 800 is improved.
  • the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the two side areas 222 located on both sides of the central area 221 may be the same or different, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • the plurality of receiving areas include a first area and a second area located on one side of the first area, and the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the first area is greater than The distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the second area is such that a plurality of receiving areas form a T-shaped structure.
  • the second area can extend into the area between the front left wheel and the front right wheel or between the rear left wheel and the rear right wheel, so as to make rational use of the bottom of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the installation area between the wheels is to increase the area of the receiving device 200 as much as possible.
  • the multiple containing areas may also form a triangle, trapezoid, rhombus, parallelogram, etc., and the specific shape of the multiple containing areas may be set according to the installation space at the bottom of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the single cells 100 in different accommodating areas have the same volume, or the same capacity, or the same volume and capacity. the same.
  • the single cells 100 are usually connected in series, so that the power battery pack 700 has enough voltage to drive the electric vehicle 800. Because the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are in different storage areas The distance between the first cell 100 is different, and the distance between the first end and the second end of the first single cell 100 is also different, that is, the shape and size of the cell 100 in different receiving areas are different. Generally, the voltage of each cell 100 is the same.
  • each The capacity of the single battery is the same (the capacity is equal to the product of the capacity and the voltage).
  • the capacity is proportional to the volume of the single battery 100
  • ensuring that the volume of each single battery 100 is the same can also be achieved to ensure that the power of each single battery is the same. Purpose, in this way, it can be ensured that the single cells 100 in different storage areas can be charged to the same state within the same charging time, so as to avoid, for example, that one single battery 100 has been fully charged and another single battery 100 is not fully charged. The situation occurred.
  • the single cells 100 are rectangular cells with a rectangular parallelepiped structure and have a length L and a thickness D. And the height H between the length L and the thickness D, each single battery 100 is placed on its side, the length direction of each single battery 100 is the first direction A1, the thickness direction is the second direction A2, and the height direction is In the third direction A3, the height H of the single cells 100 in different accommodating areas is the same, and the ratio of the length L to the thickness D is the reciprocal of each other, so that the ratio of the volume to the capacity of the single cells 100 in different accommodating areas is the same.
  • a plurality of receiving areas form a cross shape and the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the two side areas 222 are equal is used as an example.
  • the thickness of the single battery 100 in the two side areas 222 is twice the thickness of the single battery 100 in the central area 221, thereby ensuring
  • the volume of the single cells 100 in the central area 221 and the single cells 100 in the two side areas 222 are the same, so that they have the same power, ensuring that the single cells 100 in the central area 221 and the single cells in the two side areas 222 There is consistency among 100.
  • the accommodating device 200 is a pallet for a vehicle
  • the pallet for a vehicle is a separately produced pallet for accommodating and installing the single battery 100.
  • the vehicle pallet may be installed on the vehicle body by fasteners, for example, suspended on the chassis of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the width of the vehicle body is large, such as 1.2m-2m; the length is longer, such as 2m-5m; for different models, the corresponding vehicle body width and body length are different.
  • the larger width and length of the vehicle body make the overall size requirement of the pallet at the bottom of the vehicle body larger; the larger pallet size leads to in the prior art, in addition to the side frame on the pallet, It is also necessary to provide a cross beam 500 inside the tray to provide sufficient support and structural strength for the internal single battery.
  • the cross beam 500 is added to the vehicle pallet, the weight and internal space of the entire vehicle pallet are occupied, so that the space that can be effectively used inside the pallet is relatively low; at the same time, due to the existence of the cross beam 500, it is installed to match the cross beam 500. Therefore, multiple battery modules 400 must be arranged in the inner width and length directions of the tray, which is complicated to install and requires more installation structures.
  • the module layout and the single cell layout in the prior art cannot provide sufficient structural strength for the battery module 400, and the tray cannot provide enough Bearing capacity.
  • both ends of the single battery 100 are supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or both ends of the single battery 100 are supported and fixed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202,
  • the weight of the single battery 100 will be decomposed on the pallet frame on both sides; on the basis of removing the cross beam 500, the load-bearing capacity of the pallet is effectively improved; at the same time, the single battery 100 itself can also be used as the overall reinforcement of the power battery pack 700
  • the structural use improves the overall structural strength of the power battery pack 700.
  • the first direction A1 of the single battery 100 may be the width direction of the vehicle, that is, the left and right direction of the vehicle.
  • the length of the single battery 100 along the first direction A1 may be 500 mm-1000 mm, so that the length of the single battery 100 can be adapted to the width of the vehicle.
  • the length of the unit battery 100 in each accommodating area along the first direction A1 is in the range of 500 mm-1000 mm.
  • the above-mentioned containing device 200 can also be directly formed on the electric vehicle 800, that is, the containing device 200 is formed on the electric vehicle 800.
  • the receiving device 200 may be formed on the chassis of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the accommodating device 200 may be a cavity 300 recessed downward to facilitate the assembly of the single battery 100.
  • the accommodating device 200 may be integrally formed with the chassis of the electric vehicle 800 and formed as a cavity 300 recessed downward by the chassis.
  • the cavity 300 may include a first side wall 301 and a second side wall 302 that are arranged oppositely.
  • the first frame 201 may be electrically driven
  • the chassis of the vehicle 800 extends downward
  • the second frame 202 can also be obtained from the chassis of the electric vehicle 800 extending downward.
  • the first frame 201 is an extension of the first side wall 301 and the first side wall 301 of the cavity 300
  • the second frame 202 is an extension of the second side wall 302 and the second side wall 302 of the cavity 300 unit.
  • the first end of the single battery 100 can be supported on the extension of the first side wall 301, and the second end of the single battery 100 can be supported on the second side.
  • the present disclosure also provides an electric vehicle 800 capable of arranging the single batteries 100 according to the above technical solution.
  • the electric vehicle 800 is formed with a cavity 300 having the same characteristics as a separate vehicle tray, thereby constituting the present disclosure.
  • the battery containing device 200 is provided.
  • the extension part of the first side wall 301 and the extension part of the second side wall 302 may form the bottom 303 of the cavity 300.
  • the extension portion of the first side wall 301 is connected to the extension portion of the second side wall 302, so that the cavity 300 is formed as a cavity 300 with a U-shaped groove recessed downward, and a single battery 100 can be supported by the bottom 303 of the cavity 300.
  • the extension of the first side wall 301 may be spaced apart from the extension of the second side wall 302 by a certain distance.
  • the single battery 100 is perpendicular to the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, and the first end and the second end of the single battery 100 are different from each other.
  • the distance between L1 is L1
  • the distance between the inner surface of the first frame 201 and the inner surface of the second frame 202 is L2, where the ratio of L1 to L2 satisfies L1/L2 ⁇ 50%.
  • the single battery 100 can be used as the beam 500 or the longitudinal beam 600.
  • two or more single cells 100 can also be arranged, which can at least fully utilize The effect of the space to accommodate the device 200.
  • the ratio of L1 and L2 may satisfy 80% ⁇ L1/L2 ⁇ 97%, so that the first end and the second end of the single cell 100 are as close as possible to the first frame 201 and the second frame.
  • the frame 202 is even against the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 to facilitate the distribution and transmission of force through the structure of the single battery 100 itself, and ensure that the single battery 100 can be used to strengthen the structural strength of the receiving device 200
  • the transverse beam 500 or the longitudinal beam 600 is used to ensure that the receiving device 200 has sufficient strength to resist external force deformation.
  • the plurality of single batteries 100 may have multiple arrangements in the accommodating device 200.
  • the plurality of single batteries 100 are arranged differently from the first direction A1.
  • the plurality of single cells 100 may be arranged at intervals along the second direction A2, or arranged closely. In this embodiment, they are arranged closely along the second direction A2 perpendicular to the first direction A1 to fully utilize the space.
  • the first direction A1 may be perpendicular to the second direction A2, the first direction A1 is the length direction of each single cell 100, and the second direction A2 is the first frame 201 And the length direction of the second frame 202, that is, the thickness direction of each single cell 100.
  • the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are perpendicular to the single cells 100, and both ends in the length direction of each single cell 100 are supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are linear structures, and the second direction A2 is a linear direction.
  • the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 may have a curved structure.
  • the first direction A1 may also be a circumferential direction, and the corresponding second direction A2 may be a radial direction.
  • the power battery pack 700 has multiple layers of the plurality of single cells 100 arranged along the third direction A3.
  • the multiple single cells 100 are arranged in multiple layers stacked along the third direction A3, and the multiple single cells 100 in each layer are located between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the number can be set according to the size of the containing device 200. In this way, as many single cells 100 as possible can be arranged in the limited space of the receiving device 200, thereby improving the volume utilization rate of the receiving device 200 and improving the capacity, voltage and endurance of the power battery pack 700.
  • first direction A1 and the second direction A2 may be perpendicular to each other, and the third direction A3 may be perpendicular to the first direction A1 and the second direction A2.
  • first direction A1 and the second direction A2 are the front, back, left, and right directions in the horizontal direction
  • the third direction A3 is the vertical direction.
  • the unit cells 100 in each layer may or may not be connected, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • the single battery 100 stacked along the third direction A3 may be the single battery 100 whose two ends are matched with the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or it may be directly placed on the next layer.
  • the top of the single battery 100 is not supported or connected with the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in cooperation.
  • the first electrode 101 of the single battery 100 is drawn from the single battery 100 toward the first end of the first frame 201, and the second electrode 102 of the single battery 100
  • the single battery 100 is led out toward the second end of the second frame 202.
  • the length direction of the single battery 100 may be the current direction inside the single battery 100, that is, the current direction inside the single battery 100 is the first direction A1. In this way, since the current direction is the same as the length direction of the single battery 100, the effective heat dissipation area of the single battery 100 is larger and the heat dissipation efficiency is better.
  • the first electrode 101 may be the positive electrode of the single cell 100, and the second electrode 102 may be the negative electrode of the single cell 100; or, the first electrode 101 may be the negative electrode of the single cell 100, and the second electrode 102 may be the single cell 100.
  • the positive pole may be the positive electrode of the single cell 100, and the second electrode 102 may be the negative electrode of the single cell 100; or, the first electrode 101 may be the negative electrode of the single cell 100, and the second electrode 102 may be the single cell 100.
  • the positive pole may be the positive pole.
  • the single battery 100 may have any appropriate structure and shape.
  • the single battery 100 is a rectangular battery with a rectangular parallelepiped structure and has a length L, thickness D and height H between the length L and the thickness D, each single battery 100 is placed on its side, the length direction of each single battery 100 is the first direction A1, and the thickness direction is the second direction A2 , The height direction is the third direction A3, and two adjacent single cells 100 are arranged in a large-surface manner.
  • the cuboid has a length L in the length direction, a thickness D in the thickness direction perpendicular to the length direction, and a height H in the height direction, the height H being between the length L and the thickness D.
  • the single cell 100 has a large surface, a narrow surface, and an end surface.
  • the long side of the large surface has the above-mentioned length L, and the short side has the above-mentioned height H;
  • the long side of the narrow surface has the above-mentioned length L, and the short side It has the above thickness D;
  • the long side of the end surface has the above height H, and the short side has the above thickness D.
  • the single battery 100 may also be a cylindrical battery.
  • the ratio of the length L to the thickness D of the single battery 100 satisfies 50 ⁇ L/D ⁇ 70. With this ratio, a single battery 100 with a longer length and a thinner thickness can be obtained. In this way, it can be ensured that the length of the single battery 100 extends in the first direction A1 while maintaining an appropriate resistance value, and With higher heat dissipation area and heat dissipation efficiency, the adaptability of various models is good.
  • the ratio of the surface area S to the volume V of the single cell 100 satisfies 0.15 ⁇ S/V ⁇ 0.2. Under this ratio, it can be realized by the single battery 100 with longer length and thinner thickness, or by adjusting the size. By controlling the ratio of the surface area S to the volume V of the single battery 100, the single battery can be guaranteed While the length of 100 extends along the first direction A1, it has a sufficient heat dissipation area to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the single battery 100.
  • the ratio of the surface area S to the energy E of the single battery 100′ satisfies 250 ⁇ S/E ⁇ 400. At this ratio, a single battery 100 with a longer length and a thinner thickness can still be obtained. Similarly, the ratio can be achieved by the above-mentioned single battery 100 having a longer length and a thinner thickness, or by adjusting other dimensions. By controlling the ratio of the surface area S to the energy E of the single battery 100, it can be ensured that the single battery 100 has a certain energy E, and its surface area S can meet its heat dissipation requirements.
  • the above-mentioned single battery 100 may be a square battery with a metal shell, that is, the shell of the single battery 100 is made of a metal material, and the metal has better thermal conductivity, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the single battery 100 , Optimize the heat dissipation effect.
  • the single battery 100 may be a soft-pack battery, which refers to a liquid lithium-ion battery covered with a polymer shell, and the structure is packaged with aluminum-plastic film. In the event of a potential safety hazard, the soft pack battery will swell and crack without exploding, thereby improving the safety performance of the single battery 100.
  • the containing device 200 further includes The third frame 203 and the fourth frame 204 are arranged in the first direction A1 and the second direction A2.
  • the ends of the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the two side areas 222 away from the central area 221 are connected by the third frame 203.
  • first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the side area 222 close to the central area 221 is connected to the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the central area 221 through the fourth frame 204, and the single cells in the two side areas 222 100 is arranged between the third frame 203 and the fourth frame 204 along the second direction A2, and the single cells 100 in the central area 221 are arranged between the fourth frame 204 along the second direction A2.
  • the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are perpendicular to and connected to the third frame 203 and the fourth frame 204.
  • the accommodating device 200 is a separately produced vehicle tray for accommodating and installing the single battery 100 or the cavity 300 integrally formed with the chassis of the electric vehicle 800, its shape and structure are roughly the same.
  • the size relationship between the tray and the single battery 100 can also be used for the cavity 300 and the single battery 100.
  • the third frame 203 can apply a force toward the side regions 222 to the single cells 100 disposed adjacent to the third frame 203, and the fourth frame 204 can The single battery 100 arranged on the fourth frame 204 exerts a force toward the center area 221.
  • the multiple unit batteries 100 can be attached to each other.
  • the third frame 203 and the fourth frame 204 can limit the plurality of single cells 100 in the second direction A2, especially when the single battery 100 is slightly expanded, it can buffer the single battery 100 And to provide the effect of inward pressure to prevent excessive expansion and deformation of the single battery 100.
  • the third frame 203 and the fourth frame 204 can effectively limit the expansion of the single battery 100, so that when the single battery 100 is When it fails and expands, there is enough air pressure inside to break through the anti-explosion valve 103 or the flip sheet in the current interrupt device (CID), so as to short-circuit the single battery 100, ensure the safety of the single battery 100, and prevent the single battery 100 explosion.
  • CID current interrupt device
  • the first end of the single battery 100 facing the first frame 201 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 103
  • the first frame 201 is provided with an exhaust channel 220
  • the first frame 201 is connected to each single battery 100.
  • the corresponding positions of the explosion-proof valve 103 are provided with an air inlet 219, the air inlet 219 is in communication with the exhaust channel 220, and the accommodating device 200 is provided with an exhaust hole communicating with the exhaust channel 220; or, the single battery 100 faces the first
  • the second end of the second frame 202 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 103
  • the second frame 202 is provided with an exhaust channel 220
  • the second frame 202 is provided with an air inlet at a position corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of each single battery 100 219.
  • the air inlet 219 communicates with the exhaust channel 220, and the containing device 200 is provided with an exhaust hole communicating with the exhaust channel 220; or, the single battery 100 faces the first end of the first frame 201 and faces the second frame
  • the second end of 202 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 103, the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 are both provided with an exhaust channel 220, and the positions on the first frame 201 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of each single cell 100 are both An air inlet 219 is provided.
  • the second frame 202 is also provided with an air inlet 219 at a position corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of each single battery 100.
  • the air inlet 219 is in communication with the corresponding exhaust channel 220 to accommodate the device
  • An exhaust hole communicating with the exhaust passage 220 is provided on the 200.
  • the air inlet 219 may also be formed on the first frame 201 and the first end plate 205 mentioned below, or the air inlet 219 may be formed on the second frame 202 and The second end plate 206 mentioned later, or the first frame 201, the second frame 202, and the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206 mentioned later are provided with air inlets 219.
  • the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 is provided with an air inlet 219 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of the single battery 100, and the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 is provided with exhaust In the channel 220, when the internal pressure of the single cell 100 increases, the explosion-proof valve 103 is opened, and the flame, smoke or gas inside it will directly enter the exhaust channel 220 in the first frame 201 through the air inlet 219, or enter Exhaust channel 220 in the second frame 202, and exhaust the first frame 201 or the second frame 202 through the exhaust hole, for example, through the exhaust hole to the atmosphere, so that the flame, smoke or gas will not collect Inside the accommodating device 200, the single battery 100 is prevented from being damaged by flames, smoke or gas.
  • a plurality of single batteries 100 may also be assembled into at least one battery module 400 before being installed in the receiving device 200.
  • the technical effects of the present disclosure can also be achieved through the matching relationship between the external structure of the battery module 400 and the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • a first end plate 205 is provided between the first end of at least part of the single battery 100 and the first frame 201
  • a second end plate 206 is provided between the second end of at least part of the single battery 100 and the second frame 202 of the plurality of single batteries 100, and the first end of at least part of the single battery 100 is supported by the first end plate 205
  • the first end plate 205, the second end plate 206 and at least part of the single battery 100 form a battery module Group 400.
  • the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206 may be one, and the first end plate 205, the second end plate 206, and a plurality of single cells 100 are composed
  • the first end and the second end of the single battery 100 can be supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 through the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206, or fixed to the first frame On the frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the multiple first end plates 205, second end plates 206, and single cells 100 form multiple battery modules 400, and each battery module 400 passes The corresponding first end plate 205 and second end plate 206 are supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202. In other words, as an embodiment, along the second direction A2 different from the first direction A1, there may be at least two battery modules 400 in each receiving area. In the present disclosure, the number of the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206, that is, the number of the battery module 400 is not limited.
  • a module bottom plate 209 may also be provided under at least part of the plurality of single cells 100, and the module bottom plate 209 is connected to the first end plate 205 and Between the second end plates 206, the module bottom plate 209, the first end plate 205, the second end plate 206 and at least part of the single cells 100 form a battery module 400.
  • a module bottom plate 209 is provided under at least part of the plurality of single cells 100 to support the single cells 100, the module bottom plate 209 is connected to the first end plate 205, and the module bottom plate 209 is connected to the second end plate 206;
  • the assembly bottom plate 209, the first end plate 205, the second end plate 206 and at least part of a plurality of single cells 100 constitute a battery module 400.
  • the module bottom plates 209 of two adjacent battery modules 400 may be connected to each other or integrally formed into a module bottom plate 209.
  • the module bottom plates 209 in the multiple accommodating areas are integrally formed into one module bottom plate 209.
  • the module bottom plate 209 may be cross-shaped.
  • a module top plate 210 may also be provided above at least part of the plurality of single cells 100, and the module top plate 210 is connected between the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206. In between, the module top plate 210, the module bottom plate 209, the first end plate 205, the second end plate 206 and at least part of the single cells 100 form a battery module 400. In this way, the single battery 100 is located between the module top plate 210 and the module bottom plate 209, and the module top plate 210 and the module bottom plate 209 can prevent the single battery 100 from moving up and down, thereby increasing the stability of the single battery 100. There may be one or more module top plates 210.
  • the module top plates 210 of two adjacent battery modules 400 may be connected to each other or integrally formed into one module top plate 210.
  • the module top plate 210 in the multiple containing areas is integrally formed into a single module top plate 210.
  • the module top plate 210 may have a cross shape.
  • a first side plate 207 and a second side plate 208 may be provided between the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206.
  • the end plate 205, the second end plate 206, the first side plate 207, the second side plate 208, the module top plate 210, the module bottom plate 209 and at least part of the single cells 100 form a battery module 400.
  • the first side plate 207 in the central area 221 can be close to one of the fourth frames 204, and the second side plate 208 in the central area 221 can be close to the other.
  • the first side plate 207 in the two side areas 222 can be close to the third frame 203, and the second side plate 208 in the two side areas 222 can be close to the fourth frame 204, that is, the first side plate 207 in the central area 221
  • the side plate 207 may be adjacent to the second side plate 208 of the two side areas 222.
  • the first side plate 207 and the second side plate 208 can be supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or fixed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or can be fixed on the module bottom plate 209.
  • a module bottom plate 209 is provided under at least part of the single cells 100 of the plurality of single cells 100, and at least part of the single cells is supported on the first through the module bottom plate 209.
  • the module bottom plate 209 and at least part of the single cells 100 form a battery module 400.
  • the module bottom plate 209 is mainly used to cover the bottom of the single battery 100.
  • the bottom of the single battery 100 can be in contact with the module bottom plate 209, or can be spaced apart from the module bottom plate 209, so that the An insulation layer 215 or an insulation layer is arranged between the batteries 100.
  • a plurality of single cells 100 are supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 through the module bottom plate 209, which simplifies the structure of the battery module 400 and facilitates the reduction in weight of the power battery pack 700.
  • the first end plate 205 and the second end plate 206, or the module bottom plate 209 can be supported on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in a variety of embodiments, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • it can be detachably fastened to the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 by fasteners; or it can be fixed to the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 by welding; or it can be connected to the first frame by dispensing glue.
  • 201 and the second frame 202 are connected; or directly placed on the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, and supported by the first frame 201 and the second frame 202.
  • the power battery pack 700 is arranged with multiple battery modules 400 along the third direction A3.
  • the battery module 400 stacked along the third direction A3 may be the battery module 400 whose two ends are matched with the first frame 201 and the second frame 202, or may be directly placed on the next layer. The top of the battery module 400 is not supported or connected with the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 in cooperation.
  • the accommodating device 200 is a separately produced vehicle tray for accommodating and installing the single battery 100 or the cavity 300 integrally formed with the chassis of the electric vehicle 800, its shape and structure are roughly the same.
  • the aforementioned structures in which the first end plate 205, the second end plate 206, the first side plate 207, and the second side plate 208 are installed in the vehicle pallet are also applicable to the cavity 300.
  • a heat insulation layer 215 may be provided between the module bottom plate 209 and the single cells 100 to It isolates the heat transfer between the single battery 100 and the outside, realizes the function of heat preservation of the single battery 100, and avoids thermal interference between the external environment outside the accommodating device 200 and the single battery 100 in the accommodating device 200.
  • the heat insulation layer 215 may be made of materials with heat insulation and heat preservation functions, for example, made of heat preservation cotton.
  • a heat conducting plate 216 may be arranged between the module top plate 210 and the single battery 100 to facilitate the heat dissipation of the single battery 100 and ensure that multiple single batteries The temperature difference between 100 will not be too large.
  • the thermal conductive plate 216 may be made of a material with good thermal conductivity.
  • the thermal conductive plate 216 may be made of a material such as copper or aluminum with high thermal conductivity.
  • the above-mentioned module top plate 210 is a liquid-cooled plate 217 with a cooling structure arranged inside, and a cooling liquid is arranged inside the liquid-cooled plate 217, so that the cooling liquid is used to cool the single battery 100, so that the single The body battery 100 can be at a suitable operating temperature. Since the heat conduction plate 216 is arranged between the liquid cooling plate 217 and the single cell 100, when the cell 100 is cooled by the cooling liquid, the temperature difference at each position of the liquid cooling plate 217 can be balanced by the heat conduction plate 216, thereby The temperature difference between the plurality of single cells 100 is controlled within 1°C.
  • a gas-liquid separator can be installed upstream of the liquid cooling plate 217. Since the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling plate 217 may come from other heat management circuits of the vehicle, the cooling liquid may be a mixture of gas and liquid. After the gas-liquid mixed cooling liquid passes through the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, it can be ensured that the pure liquid-phase cooling liquid enters the liquid-cooling plate 217 to cool the single battery 100 and ensure the cooling effect.
  • the cooling of the single cell 100 can also be cooled by a refrigerant.
  • the module top plate 210 is a direct cooling plate 218 with a cooling structure inside, and the direct cooling plate 218 is provided with a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant may be The low-temperature refrigerant can effectively absorb the heat of the single battery 100 through the cooling medium that has been radiated and cooled by the vehicle air conditioning system, so that the temperature of the single battery 100 is always maintained at an appropriate temperature value.
  • the first frame 201 is provided with a first supporting step 211
  • the second frame 202 is provided with a second supporting step 212; the first end of each single cell 100 is supported on the corresponding On the first supporting step 211, the second end of each single cell 100 is supported on the corresponding second supporting step 212.
  • the first support step 211 may protrude inward from the bottom of the first frame 201
  • the second support step 212 may protrude inward from the bottom of the second frame 202.
  • the step 212 to support the single battery 100 can simplify the structure of the receiving device 200 provided in the present disclosure and reduce the weight of the receiving device 200.
  • an insulating plate may be provided on the first support step 211 and the second support step 212, and the insulating plate is located between the single battery 100 and the first support step 211 and the second support step 212.
  • the first frame 201 is further provided with a first fixing portion 213, and the second frame 202 is further provided with a second fixing portion 214, and the first end of each single battery 100 is fixed to the first fixing portion 213. Above, the second end of each single battery 100 is fixed to the second fixing portion 214.
  • the first fixing portion 213 may be a third supporting step provided on the first frame 201, the third supporting step is located above the first supporting step 211, and the second fixing portion 214 may be The fourth supporting step provided on the second frame 202 is located above the second supporting step 212.
  • the first end and the second end of the battery may be fixed to the first fixing part 213 and the second fixing part 214 by fasteners; or welded to the first fixing part 213 and the second fixing part 214.
  • the battery module 400 is installed in the electrical storage device 200, and the battery module 400 includes a first end plate 205 disposed adjacent to the first frame 201 and a second end plate disposed adjacent to the second frame 202
  • the bottom of the first end plate 205 can be supported on the first supporting step 211, and the top or side wall of the first end plate 205 can be fixed on the first fixing part 213; the second end plate 206
  • the bottom of the second end plate 206 can be supported on the second supporting step 212, and the top or side wall of the second end plate 206 can be fixed on the second fixing portion 214.
  • the first direction A1 mentioned above may be the width direction of the vehicle body, that is, the left and right direction of the vehicle
  • the second direction A2 may be the length direction of the vehicle body, that is, the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
  • the single battery 100 since the single battery 100 extends in the first direction A1, the single battery 100 functions as a lateral reinforcement beam in the receiving device 200.
  • the first direction A1 mentioned above may be the length direction of the vehicle body, that is, the front and rear direction of the vehicle, and the second direction A2 may be the width direction of the vehicle body, that is, the vehicle body In this way, since the single battery 100 extends in the first direction A1, the single battery 100 functions as a longitudinal reinforcement beam in the receiving device 200.
  • an energy storage device 900 is provided, and the energy storage device 900 includes the aforementioned power battery pack 700.
  • the energy storage device 900 can be used not only for passenger cars, but also for commercial vehicles, special vehicles, ships, backup power sources (dps, ups), electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric scooters, etc., which require a single battery 100 On the device that provides power to it.
  • an electric vehicle 800 is provided.
  • the electric vehicle 800 includes the above-mentioned power battery pack 700.
  • the electric vehicle 800 is formed with at least one of the above-mentioned receiving device 200200, and the receiving device 200200 is integrally formed in The aforementioned cavity 300300 on the electric vehicle 800.
  • an electric vehicle 800 is provided, and the electric vehicle 800 includes the aforementioned power battery pack 700.
  • the accommodating device 200 in the power battery pack 700 is a separately produced vehicle tray for accommodating and installing the single battery 100.
  • the electric vehicle 800 may include a commercial vehicle, a special vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric scooter, etc., which need to use the power battery pack 700 to provide electric energy for driving the electric vehicle 800.
  • the power battery pack 700 is arranged at the bottom of the electric vehicle 800, and the containing device 200 is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle 800. Due to the large installation space at the chassis of the electric vehicle 800, arranging the power battery pack 700 at the chassis of the electric vehicle 800 can increase the number of single batteries 100 as much as possible, thereby improving the endurance of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the electric vehicle 800 includes a power battery pack 700 arranged at the bottom of the electric vehicle 800, the accommodating device 200 is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle 800, and the plurality of single batteries 100 extend in a direction different from the first direction A1.
  • the first direction A1 is the width direction of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle 800
  • the second direction A2 is the length direction of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the electric vehicle 800 may include a plurality of power battery packs 700 arranged at the bottom of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the shapes and sizes of the multiple power battery packs 700 may be the same or different. Specifically, each power The battery pack 700 can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the chassis of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the multiple accommodating areas include a central area 221 and two side areas 222 located on opposite sides of the central area 221.
  • the distance between the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the central area 221 is larger than that of the first side area 222.
  • the distance between the frame 201 and the second frame 202 is such that the accommodating area has a cross-shaped structure, and the outer side of the two side areas 222 in the second direction A2 corresponds to the wheel area of the electric vehicle 800.
  • the ratio of the width L3 of the central area 221 in the first direction A1 to the width W of the vehicle body satisfies: 50% ⁇ L3/W ⁇ 80%. This ratio can be achieved by setting only one container along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the device 200 is implemented.
  • the body width is 500mm-2000mm, for example, 500mm, 1600mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, and the body length is 500mm-5000mm.
  • the width of a passenger car is usually 500mm-1800mm.
  • the length of the body is 500mm-4000mm.
  • the ratio of the length L4 and the vehicle width W of the unit battery 100 in the first direction A1 in the central area 221 satisfies: 40% ⁇ L4/W ⁇ 70%.
  • the thickness of the first frame 201 and the second frame 202 of the receiving device 200 when the ratio of the length L4 of the single battery 100100 in the first direction A1 to the vehicle body width W satisfies: 40% ⁇ L4/W
  • only one single battery 100100 can be arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • multiple battery modules 400 or multiple single cells 100 may be arranged in the length direction.
  • the length L4 of the single battery 100100 in the first direction A1 is 500 mm-1000 mm.
  • both ends of a single cell 100 cooperate with the first frame 201 and the second frame 202
  • the single battery 100 cannot be processed to the length we want for some reasons.
  • the electric vehicle 800 has requirements for the voltage platform of the single battery 100, and under a fixed material system, to achieve a certain voltage platform, the volume of the single battery 100 required for it is certain; this makes, If the length of the single cell 100 is increased, its thickness or width will be reduced. On the other hand, it is necessary to ensure the surface area of the entire battery to improve the heat dissipation function.
  • the width (height) of the single cell 100 is generally not adjusted. Therefore, the length of the single cell 100 along the first direction A1 and the thickness of the second direction A2 can only be changed to change the surface area of the entire single cell 100; therefore, if you want to increase the length, it is likely to reduce the thickness.
  • the thickness change has a minimum limit value; this makes the length of the single battery 100 affected by the limit value of the thickness.
  • the ability to change the length in one direction A1 is also limited, and the length of the single cell 100 cannot be increased indefinitely.
  • the above problem can be solved by arranging two single cells 100 in the first direction A1.
  • the length of the single battery 100 along the first direction A1 is 1000mm.
  • two single batteries are arranged in the first direction A1.
  • the length of each single battery 100 is about 450 mm. The reason why it is less than half of 1000mm is because the installation position needs to be added in the middle.

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Abstract

本公开涉及一种动力电池包、储能装置以及电动车,动力电池包包括容纳装置(200)和多个单体电池(100),容纳装置(200)具有多个容纳区,每个容纳区分别具有第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)以及设置在两者之间的单体电池(100),在不同的容纳区之间第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的沿第一方向的间距不同,每个单体电池(100)包括第一端和第二端,第一端与第二端之间的距离和对应的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)之间的距离相配合。

Description

动力电池包、储能装置以及电动车
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于申请号为201910176889.1,申请日为2019年3月8日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本公开作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及动力电池包技术领域,具体地,涉及一种动力电池包、使用该动力电池包的储能装置、以及使用该动力电池包的电动车。
背景技术
在现有技术中,动力电池包主要包括容纳装置和安装在容纳装置内的多个电池模组,电池模组主要由多个单体电池组装而成,容纳装置通常包括底板和边梁,边梁设置在底板的四周。为了使容纳装置具有足够的强度,且便于电池模组的安装,边梁之间通常设置有多个横梁和纵梁,多个横梁、纵梁与边梁和底板共同限定出多个用于容纳电池模组的多个容纳空间,每个电池模组布置在相应的容纳空间内。
上述动力电池包至少具有以下弊端:
一、由于横梁和纵梁的存在,导致容纳装置的体积利用率较低,体积利用率约为40%,可安装的单体电池数量有限,无法有效地提高动力电池包的续航能力;
二、传统的动力电池包中,含有较多个电池模组,在装配过程中,每个电池模组均与横梁需要固定,需要使用大量的螺钉等紧固件对模组进行紧固,同时横梁或纵梁具有一定重量,导致了容纳装置的重量增加;
三、容纳装置内设置有横梁、纵梁,结构复杂,增加了容纳装置制作工艺的复杂性;
四、单体电池需组装成电池模组后再布置到容纳装置中,操作步骤复杂。
此外,为便于布置电池模组,容纳装置通常设计为正方形或长方形,与车身底盘形状的匹配度较低,对车身底盘的安装面积的利用率较低,从而减少了车身上安装的单体电池的数量,从而削弱车辆的续航能力。
发明内容
本公开提供一种动力电池包、使用该动力电池包的储能装置、以及使用该动力电池包的电动车,该动力电池包能够有效地提高容纳装置的体积利用率,并提高动力电池包的续航能。
为了实现上述目的,本公开提供一种动力电池包,包括容纳装置和设置在所述容纳装置内的多个单体电池,所述容纳装置具有多个容纳区,每个容纳区分别具有沿第一方向相对设置的第一边框和第二边框、以及设置在所述第一边框和所述第二边框之间的所述单体电池,在不同的所述容纳区之间,所述第一边框和第二边框的沿所述第一方向的间距不同,每个单体电池包括相对的第一端和第二端,至少一个所述单体电池的所述第一端与第二端之间的距离和对应的第一边框和第二边框之间的距离相配合。
根据本公开的一些实施例,至少一个所述单体电池的所述第一端支撑在对应的第一边框上,且该单体电池的所述第二端支撑在对应的第二边框上。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池的长度方向与所述第一边框和第二边框大体垂直,在每个容纳区中,所述单体电池的所述第一端与所述第二端之间的距离为L1,所述第一边框的内表面与所述第二边框的内表面之间的距离为L2,其中满足L1/L2≥50%。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述多个容纳区包括中心区和位于所述中心区相对两侧的两侧区,所述中心区中的第一边框和第二边框的间距大于所述两侧区中的第一边框和第二边框的间距,以使所述多个容纳区构成十字形结构。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述多个容纳区包括第一区和位于所述第一区一侧的第二区,所述第一区的第一边框和第二边框的间距大于所述第二区的第一边框和第二边框的间距,以使所述多个容纳区构成T形结构。
根据本公开的一些实施例,不同的所述容纳区中的所述单体电池的体积和容量中的至少一个相同。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池为方形电池,并具有长度、厚度和介于所述长度和厚度之间的高度,所述单体电池侧立放置,所述单体电池的长度方向为所述第一方向,厚度方向为第二方向,高度方向为第三方向,不同的所述容纳区中的所述单体电池的所述高度相同,所述长度和所述厚度的比值互为倒数。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述容纳装置为车用托盘。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池的长度为500mm-1000mm。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述容纳装置形成在电动车上。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述容纳装置为向下凹陷的腔体。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述腔体包括相对的第一侧壁和第二侧壁,所述第一边框为所述腔体的所述第一侧壁及所述第一侧壁的延伸部,所述第二边框为所述腔体的所述第二侧壁及所述第二侧壁的延伸部。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述第一侧壁的延伸部和所述第二侧壁的延伸部形成所述腔体的底部。
根据本公开的一些实施例,满足80%≤L1/L2≤97%。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述多个单体电池沿不同于所述第一方向的第二方向排布。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述动力电池包沿第三方向布置有多层所述多个单体电池,每层中的所述多个单体电池均位于所述第一边框和第二边框之间。
根据本公开的一些实施例,每个单体电池以所述第一方向为长度方向设置。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述容纳装置还包括沿不同于所述第一方向的第二方向设置的第三边框和第四边框,所述两侧区的第一边框和第二边框远离所述中心区的一端通过所述第三边框连接,所述两侧区的第一边框和第二边框靠近所述中心区的一端通过所述第四边框分别与所述中心区的第一边框和第二边框连接,所述两侧区中的单体电池沿第二方向排布在所述第三边框和第四边框之间,所述中心区中的单体电池沿第二方向排布在所述第四边框之间。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述第三边框向邻近所述第三边框设置的所述单体电池施加朝向所述两侧区内的作用力,所述第四边框向邻近所述第四边框设置的所述单体电池施加朝向所述中心区内的作用力。
根据本公开的一些实施例,每个单体电池的所述第一端固定在对应的第一边框上,每个单体电池的所述第二端固定在对应的第二边框上。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池中的至少部分单体电池的第一端与所述第一边框之间设置有第一端板,所述多个单体电池中的至少部分单体电池的第二端与所述第二边框之间设置有第二端板,所述至少部分单体电池的第一端通过所述第一端板支撑在所述第一边框,所述至少部分单体电池的第二端通过所述第二端板支撑在所述第二边框;所述第一端板、所述第二端板和所述至少部分单体电池组成电池模组。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池中至少部分单体电 池的下方设置有模组底板,所述模组底板连接在所述第一端板和第二端板之间,所述模组底板、所述第一端板、所述第二端板与所述至少部分单体电池组成所述电池模组。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池中至少部分单体电池的上方设置有模组顶板,所述模组顶板连接在所述第一端板和第二端板之间,所述模组顶板、所述模组底板、所述第一端板、所述第二端板与所述至少部分单体电池组成所述电池模组。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,所述第一端板和所述第二端板之间设置有相对的第一侧板和第二侧板,所述第一端板、第二端板、第一侧板、第二侧板、模组顶板、模组底板和所述至少部分单体电池组成所述电池模组。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池中至少部分单体电池的下方设置有模组底板,所述至少部分单体电通过所述模组底板支撑在所述第一边框和第二边框上;所述模组底板与所述至少部分单体电池组成电池模组。
根据本公开的一些实施例,沿不同于所述第一方向的第二方向,每个容纳区中的所述电池模组至少为两个。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述动力电池包沿第三方向布置有多层所述电池模组。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池为长方体结构的方形电池,并具有长度、厚度和介于所述长度和厚度之间的高度,每个所述单体电池侧立放置,每个所述单体电池的长度方向为所述第一方向,厚度方向为第二方向,高度方向为第三方向,每个容纳区中的相邻两个所述单体电池通过大面对大面的方式排布。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池的长度L和厚度D的比值满足50≤L/D≤70。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池的表面积S与体积V的比值满足0.15≤S/V≤0.2。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池的表面积S与能量E的比值满足250≤S/E≤400。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,所述第一边框设置有第一支撑台阶,所述第二边框设置有第二支撑台阶;每个单体电池的所述第一端支撑在对应的第一支撑台阶上,每个单体电池的所述第二端支撑在对应的第二支撑台阶上。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述第一边框设置有第一固定部,所述第二边框设置有第二固定部;每个单体电池的所述第一端固定在所述第一固定部上,每个单体电池的所述第二端固定在所述第二固定部上。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池为金属外壳方形电池。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述模组底板与所述单体电池之间设置有隔热层。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述模组顶板与所述单体电池之间设置有导热板。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述模组顶板为内部设置有冷却结构的液冷板或直冷板。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池的第一电极由所述单体电池朝向所述第一边框的所述第一端引出,所述单体电池的第二电极由所述单体电池朝向所述第二边框的所述第二端引出。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述单体电池朝向所述第一边框的所述第一端设置有防爆阀,所述第一边框内部设置有排气通道,所述第一边框上与每个单体电池的所述防爆阀对应的位置均设置有进气口,所述进气口与所述排气通道连通,所述容纳装置上设置有与所述排气通道连通的排气孔;或者,所述单体电池朝向所述第二边框的所述第二端设置有防爆阀,所述第二边框内部设置有排气通道,所述第二边框上与每个单体电池的所述防爆阀对应的位置均设置有进气口,所述进气口与所述排气通道连通,所述容纳装置上设置有与所述排气通道连通的排气孔;或者,所述单体电池朝向所述第一边框的所述第一端和朝向所述第二边框的所述第二端均设置有防爆阀,所述第一边框和所述第二边框内部均设置有排气通道,所述第一边框上与每个单体电池的所述防爆阀对应的位置均设置有进气口,所述第二边框上与每个单体电池的所述防爆阀对应的位置也均设置有进气口,所述进气口与对应的所述排气通道连通,所述容纳装置上设置有与所述排气通道连通的排气孔。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述第一方向为车身宽度方向,所述第二方向为车身长度方向;或者,所述第一方向为车身长度方向,所述第二方向为车身宽度方向。
通过上述技术方案,在本公开中,单体电池的第一端和第二端与第一边框和第二边框相适配,也就是说,单体电池是在容纳装置相对设置的第一边框和第二边框之间延伸的,从而减少现有技术中的容纳装置中横梁或纵梁的使用,甚至容纳装置中可以不使用横梁或纵梁,进而减少了横梁或纵梁在容纳装置中占据的空间,提高了容纳装置的空间利用率,尽可能地使更多的单体电池能够布置在容纳装置中,进而提高整个动力电池包的容量、电压以及续航能力。比如在电动车中,此设计可以将空间利用率由原先的40%左右,提高到60%以上甚至更高,比如80%。
并且,由于容纳装置中无需再布置横梁或纵梁,一方面,使得容纳装置的制作工艺得到了简化,单体电池的组装复杂度降低,生产成本降低,另一方面,使得容纳装置和整个动力电池包的重量减轻,实现了动力电池包的轻量化。特别地,当动力电池包安装 在电动车上时,还可以提升电动车的续航能力,实现电动车的轻量化。
此外,相比于现有技术中的单体电池,本公开提供的单体电池在第一边框和第二边框之间延伸,单体电池本身便可用作加强容纳装置结构强度的横梁或纵梁,也就是说,容纳装中无需再设置用于加强其结构强度的加强结构,直接通过单体电池本身便可代替加强结构来保证容纳装置的结构强度,确保容纳装置在外力作用下不易发生形变。并且,在体积恒定的情况下,由于现有技术中单体电池的尺寸较小,长度较短,单体电池的相对两端无法与容纳装置中相对设置的两个边框相适配;但本公开中的单体电池的沿第一方向的长度较长,可以使得其沿不同于第一方向的第二方向的厚度较薄,从而使得,单个单体电池的表面积大于现有技术中单体电池的表面积,从而可以增大单体电池的散热面积,提高单体电池的散热速率,进而提高了整个动力电池包的安全性,使动力电池包更加安全可靠。
此外,在本公开中,容纳装置还具有多个容纳区,且每个容纳区中第一边框和第二边框沿第一方向的间距不同,也就是说,容纳装置具有多个形状、尺寸大小不同的容纳区,当动力电池包安装在电动车上时,容纳装置的结构和形状可以与动力电池包在电动车上的安装空间的结构和形状相适配,例如,当动力电池包安装在车身底盘上时,容纳装置可以与车身底盘的形状相适配,从而尽可能地布置较多的单体电池,从而可以提高电动车的续航能力。
根据本公开的另一个方面,提供一种电动车,所述电动车包括上述的动力电池包。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述动力电池包设置在所述电动车的底部,所述容纳装置与所述电动车的底盘固定连接。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述电动车包括设置在所述电动车底部的一个动力电池包,所述容纳装置与所述电动车的底盘固定连接,所述多个单体电池沿不同于所述第一方向的第二方向排布,所述第一方向为所述电动车的车身宽度方向,所述第二方向为所述电动车的车身长度方向。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述多个容纳区包括中心区和位于所述中心区相对两侧的两侧区,所述中心区的第一边框和第二边框的间距大于所述两侧区的第一边框和第二边框的间距,以使所述容纳区呈十字形结构,所述两侧区沿所述第二方向的外侧与所述电动车的车轮区域对应。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述中心区在所述第一方向的宽度L3与车身宽度W的比值满足:50%≤L3/W≤80%。
根据本公开的一些实施例,所述中心区内的单体电池在所述第一方向上的长度L4 车身宽度W的比值满足:40%≤L4/W≤70%。
根据本公开的再一个方面,提供一种储能装置,所述储能装置包括上述的动力电池包。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开,但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中:
图1是现有技术提供的动力电池包的爆炸示意图;
图2是本公开一种实施方式提供的单体电池的立体结构示意图;
图3是本公开一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的立体结构示意图;
图4是本公开一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的俯视图;
图5是本公开一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的爆炸图;
图6是本公开一种实施方式提供的容纳装置的立体结构示意图;
图7是本公开另一种实施方式提供的容纳装置的立体结构示意图;
图8是图7中A部分的放大图;
图9是本公开一种实施方式提供的电池模组的立体结构示意图;
图10是本公开另一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的立体结构示意图,其中每个容纳区中的电池模组为多个;
图11是本公开再一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的立体结构示意图,其中每个容纳区中的电池模组为多层;
图12是本公开一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的剖视立体图;
图13是图12中B部分的放大图;
图14是本公开一种实施方式提供的电池模组的爆炸图;
图15是本公开一种实施方式提供的第一侧板或第二侧板的立体结构示意图;
图16是本公开一种实施方式提供的第一端板或第二端板的立体结构示意图;
图17是本公开一种实施方式提供的动力电池包的剖视图,其中第一边框和第二边框未示出;
图18是本公开一种实施方式提供的容纳装置(腔体)形成在电动车上的立体结构示意图;
图19是本公开一种实施方式提供的腔体的剖视图;
图20是本公开一种实施方式提供的容纳装置(车用托盘)固定在电动车上的爆炸图;
图21是本公开的电动车的结构示意图;
图22是本公开的储能装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
100   单体电池                    101   第一电极
102   第二电极                    103   防爆阀
200   容纳装置                    201   第一边框
202   第二边框                    203   第三边框
204   第四边框                    205   第一端板
206   第二端板                    207   第一侧板
208   第二侧板                    209   模组底板
210   模组顶板                    211   第一支撑台阶
212   第二支撑台阶             213   第一固定部
214   第二固定部                  215   隔热层
216   导热板                   217   液冷板
218   直冷板                   219   进气口
220   排气通道                    221   中心区
222   两侧区
300   腔体                       301   第一侧壁
302   第二侧壁                    303   腔体的底部
400   电池模组                    500横梁
600   纵梁                        700动力电池包
800   电动车                       900储能装置
A1    第一方向                    A2    第二方向
A3    第三方向
L     单体电池的长度                 D     单体电池的厚度
H     单体电池的高度
L1单体电池的第一端与第二端之间的距离/单体电池沿第一方向的长度
L2第一边框的内表面与第二边框的内表面之间的距离/第一侧壁与第二侧壁之间沿第一方向的距离
L3容纳装置在第一方向的宽度
L4单体电池在第一方向上的长度
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开,并不用于限制本公开。
在本公开中,在未作相反说明的情况下,使用的方位词如“上、下、左、右、顶、底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位和位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本公开的限制,且“内、外”是指相应部件和结构的轮廓的内外。
此外,“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。
另外,在本公开中,在描述电动车时使用的方位词“前、后、左、右”通常是指车辆本身的前、后、左、右,根据本公开的一些实施例,朝向左车轮的方向为左,朝向右车轮的方向为右,朝向车头的方向为前,朝向车尾的方向为后。
如图2至图20所示,根据本公开的一个方面,提供一种动力电池包700,包括容纳装置200和设置在容纳装置200内的多个单体电池100,容纳装置200具有多个容纳区,每个容纳区分别具有沿第一方向A1相对设置的第一边框201和第二边框202、以及设置在第一边框201和第二边框202之间的单体电池100,在不同的容纳区之间,第一边框201和第二边框202的沿第一方向A1的间距不同,以构成不同形状、尺寸的容纳区,每个单体电池100包括相对的第一端和第二端,至少一个单体电池100的第一端与第二端之间的距离和对应的第一边框201和第二边框202之间的距离相配合。
换言之,每个单体电池100在第一边框201和第二边框202之间延伸,多个单体电池100沿第一边框201和第二边框202的长度方向排布,即,沿第二方向A2排布。根据本公开的一些实施例,容纳装置200可以为多个,也可以为一个。这里,上文提及的“相配合”指的是两个边框或下述中的两个侧壁之间的间距能够配合安装一个单体电池100,这种配合可是间隙配合、过盈配合、紧固配合、固定配合等各种配合方式,从而实现本公开的目的。
在现有技术中,由于单体电池的尺寸较小,长度较短,单体电池的相对两端无法与容纳装置200中相对设置的两个边梁相适配,因此,容纳装置200中需要设置横梁500或纵梁600(如图1所示),从而便于单体电池的装配。当单体电池通过电池模组400 安装到容纳装置200中后,沿容纳装置200的第一方向A1会存在多个单体电池,也就是说,单体电池并未在两个相对设置的边框之间延伸,而是在两个相对设置的横梁500或纵梁600之间延伸的,电池模组400通过紧固件与相邻的横梁500固定,或者,电池模组400通过紧固件与相邻的纵梁600固定,或者,电池模组400通过紧固件与相邻的横梁500和纵梁600固定。
由于现有技术中的容纳装置200中设置有横梁500或纵梁600,横梁500或纵梁600占据了容纳装置200中大量的用于容纳单体电池的安装空间,导致容纳装置200的体积利用率较低,通常,容纳装置200的体积利用率约为40%,甚至更低,也就是说,现有技术中的容纳装置200中仅有40%左右的空间可以用于安装单体电池,导致容纳装置200中可容纳的单体电池的数量有限,整个动力电池包700的容量、电压受到限制,动力电池包700的续航能力较差。
然而在本公开中,单体电池100的第一端和第二端与第一边框201和第二边框202相适配,也就是说,单体电池100是在容纳装置200相对设置的第一边框201和第二边框202之间延伸的,从而减少现有技术中的容纳装置200中横梁500或纵梁600的使用,甚至容纳装置200中可以不使用横梁500或纵梁600,进而减少了横梁500或纵梁600在容纳装置200中占据的空间,提高了容纳装置200的空间利用率,尽可能地使更多的单体电池100能够布置在容纳装置200中,进而提高整个动力电池包700的容量、电压以及续航能力。比如在电动车800中,此设计可以将空间利用率由原先的40%左右,提高到60%以上甚至更高,比如80%。
并且,由于容纳装置200中无需再布置横梁500或纵梁600,一方面,使得容纳装置200的制作工艺得到了简化,单体电池100的组装复杂度降低,生产成本降低,另一方面,使得容纳装置200和整个动力电池包700的重量减轻,实现了动力电池包700的轻量化。特别地,当动力电池包700安装在电动车800上时,还可以提升电动车800的续航能力,实现电动车800的轻量化。
此外,相比于现有技术中的单体电池,本公开提供的单体电池100在第一边框201和第二边框202之间延伸,单体电池100本身便可用作加强容纳装置200结构强度的横梁或纵梁,也就是说,容纳装中无需再设置用于加强其结构强度的加强结构,直接通过单体电池100本身便可代替加强结构来保证容纳装置200的结构强度,确保容纳装置200在外力作用下不易发生形变。并且,在体积恒定的情况下,由于现有技术中单体电池的尺寸较小,长度较短,单体电池100的相对两端无法与容纳装置200中相对设置的两个边框相适配;但本公开中的单体电池100的沿第一方向A1的长度较长,可以使得其沿 不同于第一方向A1的第二方向A2的厚度较薄,从而使得,单个单体电池100的表面积大于现有技术中单体电池的表面积,从而可以增大单体电池100的散热面积,提高单体电池100的散热速率,进而提高了整个动力电池包700的安全性,使动力电池包700更加安全可靠。
此外,在本公开中,容纳装置200还具有多个容纳区,且每个容纳区中第一边框201和第二边框202沿第一方向A1的间距不同,也就是说,容纳装置200具有多个形状、尺寸大小不同的容纳区,当动力电池包700安装在电动车800上时,容纳装置200的结构和形状可以与动力电池包700在电动车800上的安装空间的结构和形状相适配,例如,当动力电池包700安装在车身底盘上时,容纳装置200可以与车身底盘的形状相适配,从而尽可能地布置较多的单体电池100,从而可以提高电动车800的续航能力。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,至少一个单体电池100的第一端支撑在对应的第一边框201上,且该单体电池100的第二端支撑在对应的第二边框202上。单体电池100的第一端和第二端可以分别放置在第一边框201和第二边框202上,也可以固定在第一边框201和第二边框202上,具体的固定方式将在下文中详细描述,对于特定的支撑和固定方式,对此本公开不作限制。
支撑可以为直接支撑也可以为间接支撑,直接的含义是指单体电池100的第一端和第一边框201直接接触配合支撑,单体电池100的第二端和第二边框202直接接触配合;间接的含义是指,比如在一些实施例中,单体电池100的第一端通过第一端板205与第一边框201配合支撑,单体电池100的第二端通过第二端板206与第二边框202配合支撑。
在本公开提供的一些示例性实施方式中,每个单体电池100的第一端固定在对应的第一边框201上,每个单体电池100的第二端固定在对应的第二边框202上,一方面,固定的连接方式,可以在第三方向A3上对单体电池100起到支撑作用;另一方面,固定的连接方式,可以提高整体结构的稳定性和牢固性。这里,固定的方式有多种,例如,每个单体电池100的第一端通过紧固件可拆卸地固定在第一边框201上,第二端通过紧固件可拆卸地固定在第二边框202上;或者,每个单体电池100的第一端和第二端通过焊接方式分别固定在第一边框201或第二边框202上;或者,每个单体电池100的第一端和第二端通过点胶的方式分别固定在第一边框201或第二边框202上。
需要注意的是,上文即下文提及的第一边框201和第二边框202相对设置是指,第一边框201可以相互平行,也可以呈角度设置,可以是直线结构也可以是曲线结构。单体电池100可以与第一边框201垂直,或者单体电池100与第二边框202垂直,或者, 单体电池100与第一边框201呈锐角或钝角设置,或者,单体电池100与第二边框202呈锐角或钝角设置。例如,当第一边框201和第二边框202相互平行时,第一边框201和第二边框202构成的容纳装置200可以为矩形、正方形或平行四边形、扇形等结构;当第一边框201和第二边框202呈角度时,第一边框201和第二边框202构成的容纳装置200可以为梯形、三角形等结构。本公开对第一边框201和第二边框202之间的角度关系、单体电池100与第一边框201和第二边框202之间的角度关系不作限制。
对于相互平行的第一边框201和第二边框202的实施例而言,在不同的容纳区中,第一边框201和第二边框202之间的距离为尺寸突变;而对于第一边框201和第二边框202之间呈角度设置的实施例而言,在不同的容纳区中,第一边框201和第二边框202之间的距离为尺寸渐变,此时,第一边框201和第二边框202之间的间距指的是该容纳区中第一边框201和第二边框202之间的间距的平均值。
另外,第一边框201和第二边框202位于容纳装置200沿第一方向A1相对的两侧,指的是,第一边框201和第二边框202位于容纳装置200沿第一方向A1的最边侧,即,第一边框201和第二边框202为容纳装置200的最外部侧边。
此外,上文及下文提及的单体电池100的“第一端”和“第二端”是用于描述单体电池100的方位的,并不用于限定和描述单体电池100的具体结构,例如,第一端和第二端并不用于限定和描述单体电池100的正极和负极,也就是说,在本公开中,单体电池100与第一边框201配合的一端为第一端,单体电池100与第二边框202配合的一端为第二端。
单体电池100可以通过多种实施方式装配在第一边框201和第二边框202之间,例如,在本公开的一些实施方式中,每个单体电池100的第一端支撑在对应的第一边框201上,每个单体电池100的第二端支撑在对应的第二边框202上。单体电池100的第一端和第二端可以分别放置在第一边框201和第二边框202上,也可以固定在第一边框201和第二边框202上,具体的固定方式将在下文中详细描述,对于特定的支撑和固定方式,对此本公开不作限制。
支撑可以为直接支撑也可以为间接支撑,直接的含义是指单体电池100的第一端和第一边框201直接接触配合支撑,单体电池100的第二端和第二边框202直接接触配合;间接的含义是指,比如在一些实施例中,单体电池100的第一端通过第一端板205与第一边框201配合支撑,单体电池100的第二端通过第二端板206与第二边框202配合支撑。
在本公开提供的一些示例性实施方式中,每个单体电池100的第一端固定在对应的 第一边框201上,每个单体电池100的第二端固定在对应的第二边框202上,一方面,固定的连接方式,可以在第三方向A3上对单体电池100起到支撑作用;另一方面,固定的连接方式,可以提高整体结构的稳定性和牢固性。这里,固定的方式有多种,例如,每个单体电池100的第一端通过紧固件可拆卸地固定在第一边框201上,第二端通过紧固件可拆卸地固定在第二边框202上;或者,每个单体电池100的第一端和第二端通过焊接方式分别固定在第一边框201或第二边框202上;或者,每个单体电池100的第一端和第二端通过点胶的方式分别固定在第一边框201或第二边框202上。
此外,多个容纳区构成的容纳装置200可以具有任意适当的结构和形状,例如,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,多个容纳区包括中心区221和位于中心区221相对两侧的两侧区222,中心区221中的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距大于两侧区222中的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距,以使所述多个容纳区构成呈十字形结构。这样,当容纳装置200安装在电动车800底部上时,两侧区222中的一个可以位于前左车轮和前右车轮之间,两侧区222中的另一个可以位于后左车轮和后右车轮之间,中心区221可以位于前车轮(包括前左车轮和前右车轮)和后车轮(包括后左车轮和后右车轮)之间,从而尽可能多的利用电动车800底部的安装空间,扩大容纳装置200的面积,从而使电动车800上能够布置更多的单体电池100,提高电动车800的续航能力。位于中心区221两侧的两侧区222的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距可以相同也可以不同,对此本公开不作限制。
在本公开提供的另一种实施方式中,多个容纳区包括第一区和位于所述第一区一侧的第二区,第一区的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距大于所述第二区的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距,以使多个容纳区构成T形结构。这样,当容纳装置200安装在电动车800底部上时,第二区可以伸入前左车轮和前右车轮之间或后左车轮和后右车轮之间的区域,以合理地利用电动车800底部车轮之间的安装区域,尽可能地提高容纳装置200的面积。在其他实施方式中,多个容纳区还可以构成三角形、梯形、菱形、平行四边形等,多个容纳区构成的具体形状可以根据电动车800底部的安装空间来设置。
此外,为保证不同容纳区中的单体电池100具有一致性,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,不同容纳区中的单体电池100的体积相同,或者容量相同,或者体积和容量均相同。在动力电池包700中,单体电池100之间通常相互串联,以使动力电池包700具有足够的电压来驱动电动车800行驶,由于不同容纳区中第一边框201和第二边框202之间的间距不同,第一单体电池100的第一端和第二端之间的距离也不同,也就是说,不同容纳区中的单体电池100的形状和尺寸不同。通常,每个单体电池100的电压是相 同的,为了保证不同容纳区中的单体电池100具有一致性,即,保证不同容纳区中的单体电池100的电量相同,则需保证每个单体电池的容量相同(电量等于容量与电压的乘积)。在每个单体电池100所采用的材料相同的情况下,由于容量与单体电池100的体积成正比,保证每个单体电池100的体积相同也可实现保证每个单体电池电量相同的目的,这样,可以确保不同容纳区中的单体电池100能够在相同的充电时间内被充至相同的状态,避免例如某一单体电池100已被充满而另一单体电池100并未充满的状况发生。
为保证不同容纳区中的单体电池100的体积与容量之比相同,在本公开提供的一种示例性实施方式中,单体电池100为长方体结构的方形电池,并具有长度L、厚度D和介于长度L和厚度D之间的高度H,每个单体电池100侧立放置,每个单体电池100的长度方向为第一方向A1,厚度方向为第二方向A2,高度方向为第三方向A3,不同的容纳区中的单体电池100的高度H相同,长度L和厚度D的比值互为倒数,从而使不同容纳区中的单体电池100的体积与容量之比相同。这里,以多个容纳区构成十字形,且两侧区222的第一边框201和第二边框202之间的距离相等的实施例来举例说明,当中心区221内的单体电池100的长度为两侧区222内的单体电池100的长度的两倍时,两侧区222内的单体电池100的厚度为,当中心区221内的单体电池100的厚度的两倍,从而保证中心区221内的单体电池100和两侧区222内的单体电池100的体积相同,从而具有相同的电量,保证中心区221内的单体电池100和两侧区222内的单体电池100之间具有一致性。
另外,如图2所示,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,容纳装置200为车用托盘,该车用托盘为单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的车用托盘。当单体电池100安装到车用托盘中后,该车用托盘可以通过紧固件安装到车身上,例如,悬挂在电动车800的底盘上。
在车用托盘中,由于车体宽度较大,比如在1.2m-2m;长度较长,比如在2m-5m;针对不同的车型,对应的车体宽度和车体长度是不同的。较大的车体宽度和长度,使得设置在车体底部的托盘整体尺寸要求也较大;较大的托盘尺寸,导致在现有技术中,必须在托盘上除了设置位于边侧的边框外,还需要在托盘内部设置横梁500,才能够为内部设置单体电池提供足够的支撑力和结构强度。而在车用托盘中加入横梁500后,整个车用托盘的重量及内部空间都被占用,使得在托盘内部,能够有效利用的空间较低;同时,由于横梁500的存在,为配合横梁500安装,必须在托盘内部宽度和长度方向上设置多个电池模组400,安装复杂,需要的安装结构件也较多。
然后,如图1所示,若要去掉横梁500,在现有技术中的模组布局及单体电池布局 方式而言,是无法给电池模组400提供足够的结构强度的,托盘无法提供足够的承重力。
而在本公开中,将单体电池100的两端支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上,或者将单体电池100的两端支撑固定在第一边框201和第二边框202上,单体电池100的重量将分解到两侧的托盘边框上;在去除横梁500的基础上,有效的提高了托盘的承重能力;同时,单体电池100本身也能够作为动力电池包700的整体加强结构使用,提高了动力电池包700的整体结构强度。
在一些实施例中,当动力电池包700作为车辆上使用的提供电能的动力电池包700使用时,可以使单体电池100的第一方向A1为车辆的宽度方向,即,车辆的左右方向,作为一种可以选的实施方式,单体电池100沿第一方向A1的长度可以为500mm-1000mm,以使单体电池100的长度能够与车辆的宽度的相适配。对于不同的容纳区而言,每个容纳区中的单体电池100沿第一方向A1的长度都在500mm-1000mm的范围内。
在本公开提供的另一种实施方式中,如图3至图9所示,上述容纳装置200也可以直接形成在电动车800上,也就是说,容纳装置200为形成在电动车800上任意适当位置的用于安装单体电池100的装置。例如,容纳装置200可以形成在电动车800的底盘上。
作为一种实施例,容纳装置200可以为向下凹陷的腔体300,以便于单体电池100的装配。根据本公开的一些实施例,容纳装置200可以与电动车800的底盘一体成型,并形成为由该底盘向下凹陷的腔体300。
其中,在本公开提供的一种具体实施方式中,该腔体300可以包括相对设置的第一侧壁301和第二侧壁302,根据本公开的一些实施例,第一边框201可以由电动车800的底盘向下延伸得到,第二边框202也可以由电动车800的底盘向下延伸得到。上述第一边框201为该腔体300的第一侧壁301及第一侧壁301的延伸部,上述第二边框202为该腔体300的第二侧壁302及第二侧壁302的延伸部。这样,作为一种根据本公开的一些实施例实施方式,单体电池100的第一端可以支撑在第一侧壁301的延伸部上,单体电池100的第二端可以支撑在第二侧壁302的延伸部上。也就是说,本公开还提供一种能够按上述技术方案排布单体电池100的电动车800,该电动车800上形成和单独的车用托盘相同特征的腔体300,从而构成本公开提供的电池容纳装置200。
根据本公开的一些实施例,第一侧壁301的延伸部和第二侧壁302的延伸部可以形成腔体300的底部303。在一种实施方式中,第一侧壁301的延伸部与第二侧壁302的延伸部相接,使上述腔体300形成为具有向下凹陷的U形槽的腔体300,单体电池100可以由该腔体300的底部303支撑。在另一种实施方式中,第一侧壁301的延伸部也可 以与第二侧壁302的延伸部之间间隔一定距离。
如图2至图7所示,回到单体电池100,一些实施例中,单体电池100与第一边框201和第二边框202垂直,单体电池100的第一端与第二端之间的距离为L1,第一边框201的内表面与第二边框202的内表面之间的距离为L2,其中L1与L2的比值满足L1/L2≥50%。换言之,沿第一方向A1,在第一边框201与第二边框202之间仅布置一个单体电池100,通过在第一方向A1上,如此布置单体电池100和两个边框之间距离的关系,可以起到通过单体电池100作为横梁500或纵梁600的目的。在其他可能的实施方式中,满足这样的尺寸比例,在本公开的构思下,在第一方向A1上,还可以设置两个或两个以上的单体电池100,也能够至少起到充分利用容纳装置200的空间的效果。
根据本公开的一些实施例,L1和L2的比值可以满足80%≤L1/L2≤97%,以使单体电池100的第一端和第二端尽可能地靠近第一边框201和第二边框202,甚至与第一边框201和第二边框202抵顶,以便于通过单体电池100本身的结构来实现力的分散、传到,保证单体电池100可以用作加强容纳装置200结构强度的横梁500或纵梁600使用,保证容纳装置200具有足够强度抵抗外力变形。
如图3所示,多个单体电池100在容纳装置200中可以具有多种排布方式,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,多个单体电池100沿不同于第一方向A1的第二方向A2排布。多个单体电池100可以沿第二方向A2间隔排布,或者紧密排布,在本实施方式中为沿垂直于第一方向A1的第二方向A2紧密排布以充分利用空间。
其中,在本公开提供的一种具体实施方式中,第一方向A1可以与第二方向A2垂直,第一方向A1为每个单体电池100的长度方向,第二方向A2为第一边框201和第二边框202的长度方向,即每个单体电池100的厚度方向。也就是说,第一边框201和第二边框202与单体电池100垂直,每个单体电池100的长度方向上的两端支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上。这样,当第一边框201收到外力冲击时,或第二边框202收到外力冲击时,或第一边框201和第二边框202同时收到外力冲击时,多个单体电池100能够进行力的传导和分散,从而更好地起到加强结构的作用,提高容纳装置200抵抗外力形变的能力。其中,第一边框201和第二边框202为直线结构,第二方向A2为直线方向。在有些可能的实施方式中,第一边框201和第二边框202可以为曲线结构,此时第一方向A1也可以是圆周方向,对应的第二方向A2则为径向方向。
另一些实施例中,动力电池包700沿第三方向A3布置有多层所述多个单体电池100。换言之,多个单体电池100布置为沿第三方向A3层叠的多层,每层中的多个单体电池100均位于第一边框201和第二边框202之间,单体电池100的层数可以根据容纳装置 200的尺寸进行设置。这样,在容纳装置200有限的空间内可以尽可能多地布置多个单体电池100,从而可以提高容纳装置200的体积利用率,提高动力电池包700的容量、电压和续航能力。在一种实施方式中,第一方向A1和第二方向A2可以相互垂直,第三方向A3可以垂直于第一方向A1和第二方向A2。根据本公开的一些实施例,第一方向A1和第二方向A2为水平方向上的前后左右方向,第三方向A3为竖直方向。根据本公开的一些实施例,各层中的单体电池100之间可以相连也可以不相连,对此本公开不作限制。
其中,在上述实施例中,沿第三方向A3叠置的单体电池100,可以是两端与第一边框201和第二边框202配合的单体电池100,也可以是直接放置在下一层单体电池100顶部而不与第一边框201和第二边框202配合支撑或连接。
在一种实施方式中,如图3至图8所示,单体电池100的第一电极101由单体电池100朝向第一边框201的第一端引出,单体电池100的第二电极102由单体电池100朝向第二边框202的第二端引出。换言之,单体电池100的长度方向可以为单体电池100内部的电流方向,即,单体电池100内部的电流方向为第一方向A1。这样,由于电流方向与单体电池100的长度方向相同,单体电池100的有效散热面积更大、散热效率更好。这里,第一电极101可以为单体电池100的正极,第二电极102为单体电池100的负极;或者,第一电极101为单体电池100的负极,第二电极102为单体电池100的正极。
此外,单体电池100可以具有任意适当的结构和形状,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,如图4至图8所示,单体电池100、为长方体结构的方形电池,并具有长度L、厚度D和介于长度L和厚度D之间的高度H,每个单体电池100侧立放置,每个单体电池100的长度方向为第一方向A1,厚度方向为第二方向A2,高度方向为第三方向A3,相邻两个单体电池100通过大面对大面的方式排布。换言之,该长方体在长度方向上具有长度L,在垂直于长度方向的厚度方向上具有厚度D,在高度方向上具有高度H,该高度H介于长度L和厚度D之间。根据本公开的一些实施例,单体电池100具有大面、窄面和端面,大面的长边具有上述长度L,短边具有上述高度H;窄面的长边具有上述长度L,短边具有上述厚度D;端面的长边具有上述高度H,短边具有上述厚度D。单体电池100侧立放置是指,单体电池100的两个端面分别面向第一边框201和第二边框202,相邻两个单体电池100的大面相对,使得单体电池100具备替代横梁500的功能,其效果更好,强度更高。在其他实施方式中,单体电池100也可以为圆柱形电池。
在现有技术中,如何设计单体电池的形状和尺寸,使其不仅能够具有适当的电池容量和良好的散热效果,一直是电池技术领域需要解决的问题之一。
在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,单体电池100的长度L和厚度D的比值满足50≤L/D≤70。在该比值下,可以得到长度较长,厚度较薄的单体电池100,这样,可以保证在单体电池100的长度沿第一方向A1延伸的情况下,还能保持适当的阻值、和较高的散热面积和散热效率,各种车型的适应性好。
在本公开提供的另一种实施方式中,单体电池100的表面积S与体积V的比值满足0.15≤S/V≤0.2。在该比值下,可以通过上述长度较长,厚度较薄的单体电池100实现,也可以通过尺寸的调整实现,通过控制单体电池100的表面积S与体积V的比值,可以保证单体电池100的长度沿第一方向A1延伸的同时,具备足够的散热面积,以保证单体电池100的散热效果。
在本公开提供的再一种实施方式中,单体电池100、的表面积S与能量E比值满足250≤S/E≤400。在该比值下,依然可以得到长度较长,厚度较薄的单体电池100。同样,该比值可以通过上述长度较长,厚度较薄的单体电池100实现,也可以通过其他尺寸的调整实现。通过控制单体电池100的表面积S与能量E的比值,可以保证单体电池100具有一定能量E的同时,其表面积S能够满足其散热需求。
一些实施例中,上述单体电池100可以为金属外壳方形电池,也就是说,单体电池100的外壳由金属材料制成,金属的导热性能更好,从而能够提高单体电池100的散热效率,优化散热效果。在本公开提供的另一种实施方式中,单体电池100可以为软包电池,软包电池是指在液态锂离子电池套上一层聚合物外壳,在结构上采用铝塑膜包装,当发生安全隐患的情况下,软包电池会鼓气裂开,而不会发生爆炸,从而提高单体电池100的安全性能。
如图6和图7所示,回到容纳装置200的具体结构,以多个容纳区构成十字形的实施例为例,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,容纳装置200还包括沿不同于第一方向A1的第二方向A2设置的第三边框203和第四边框204,两侧区222的第一边框201和第二边框202远离中心区221的一端通过第三边框203连接,两侧区222的第一边框201和第二边框202靠近中心区221的一端通过第四边框204分别与中心区221的第一边框201和第二边框202连接,两侧区222中的单体电池100沿第二方向A2排布在第三边框203和第四边框204之间,中心区221中的单体电池100沿第二方向A2排布在第四边框204之间。根据本公开的一些实施例,第一边框201和第二边框202与第三边框203和第四边框204垂直并连接。
需要注意的是,容纳装置200无论是单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的车用托盘,还是与电动车800的底盘一体成型的腔体300,其形状和结构大致相同,车用 托盘与单体电池100之间的尺寸关系,也同样可用于腔体300与单体电池100。
在一些实施例中,如图3至图12所示,第三边框203可以向邻近第三边框203设置的单体电池100施加朝向两侧区222内的作用力,第四边框204可以向邻近第四边框204设置的单体电池100施加朝向中心区221内的作用力。以使多个单体电池100能够紧密地沿第二方向A2排布,多个单体电池100之间能够相互贴合。此外,第三边框203和第四边框204可以在第二方向A2上对多个单体电池100进行限位,特别是当单体电池100发生少量膨胀时,可以对单体电池100起到缓冲和提供向内压力的作用,防止单体电池100膨胀量和变形量过大。特别是当单体电池100设置有防爆阀103和电流中断装置装置(CID)时,通过第三边框203和第四边框204可以有效地限制单体电池100膨胀,使得当单体电池100在发生故障并膨胀时时,其内部能够具有足够的气压冲破防爆阀103或电流中断装置装置(CID)内的翻转片,从而使单体电池100短路,保证单体电池100的安全,防止单体电池100爆炸。
在一些实施方式中,单体电池100朝向第一边框201的第一端设置有防爆阀103,第一边框201内部设置有排气通道220,第一边框201上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口219,进气口219与排气通道220连通,容纳装置200上设置有与排气通道220连通的排气孔;或者,单体电池100朝向第二边框202的第二端设置有防爆阀103,第二边框202内部设置有排气通道220,第二边框202上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口219,进气口219与排气通道220连通,容纳装置200上设置有与排气通道220连通的排气孔;或者,单体电池100朝向第一边框201的第一端和朝向第二边框202的第二端均设置有防爆阀103,第一边框201和第二边框202内部均设置有排气通道220,第一边框201上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口219,第二边框202上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置也均设置有进气口219,进气口219与对应的排气通道220连通,容纳装置200上设置有与排气通道220连通的排气孔。
在其他实施方式中,如图12所示,进气口219也可以形成在第一边框201和下文即将提及的第一端板205上,或者,进气口219形成在第二边框202和下文即将提及的第二端板206上,或者,第一边框201、第二边框202以及下文即将提及的第一端板205、第二端板206上均设有进气口219。
在现有技术中,在单体电池的使用过程中,如果其内部的气压增大到一定程度,则防爆阀开启,单体电池内部的火焰、烟雾或气体会通过防爆阀排出,该火焰、烟雾或气体会聚集在动力电池包700的内部,若无法及时排出,则会对单体电池造成二次伤害。 然而在本公开中,由于第一边框201或第二边框202上设置有与单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的进气口219,且第一边框201或第二边框202内部设置有排气通道220,当单体电池100内部气压增大时,其防爆阀103开启,其内部的火焰、烟雾或气体等将直接通过进气口219进入第一边框201内的排气通道220,或进入第二边框202内的排气通道220,并通过排气孔排出第一边框201或第二边框202,例如,通过排气孔排到大气中,这样,该火焰、烟雾或气体便不会聚集在容纳装置200内部,从而避免火焰、烟雾或气体对单体电池100造成二次伤害。
此外,根据本公开的一些实施例,多个单体电池100也可以先组装成至少一个电池模组400后再安装到容纳装置200中。这样基于本公开的技术构思,通过电池模组400的外部结构和第一边框201、第二边框202的配合关系同样能够实现本公开的技术效果。
例如,在第一种实施方式中,在每个容纳区中,多个单体电池100中的至少部分单体电池100的第一端与第一边框201之间设置有第一端板205,多个单体电池100中的至少部分单体电池100的第二端与第二边框202之间设置有第二端板206,至少部分单体电池100的第一端通过第一端板205支撑在第一边框201,至少部分单体电池100的第二端通过第二端板206支撑在第二边框202;第一端板205、第二端板206和至少部分单体电池100组成电池模组400。
根据本公开的一些实施例,在每个容纳区中,第一端板205和第二端板206可以为一个,第一端板205、第二端板206、和多个单体电池100组成一个电池模组400,单体电池100的第一端和第二端可以通过第一端板205和第二端板206分别支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上,或者固定在第一边框201和第二边框202上。第一端板205和第二端板206也可以为多个,多个第一端板205、第二端板206、单体电池100组成多个电池模组400,每个电池模组400通过对应的第一端板205和第二端板206支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上。换言之,作为一种实施方式,沿不同于第一方向A1的第二方向A2,每个容纳区中的电池模组400可以至少为两个。在本公开中,对第一端板205、第二端板206的数量,即,电池模组400的数量不作限制。
在第二种实施方式中,每个容纳区中,多个单体电池100中至少部分单体电池100的下方还可以设置有模组底板209,模组底板209连接在第一端板205和第二端板206之间,模组底板209、第一端板205、第二端板206与至少部分单体电池100组成电池模组400。换言之,至少部分多个单体电池100下方设置有模组底板209,以支撑单体电池100,模组底板209与第一端板205连接,模组底板209与第二端板206连接;模组底板209、第一端板205、第二端板206与至少部分多个单体电池100组成电池模组 400。模组底板209可以为一个,也可以为多个。对于每个容纳区中布置有多个电池模组400的实施例而言,相邻两个电池模组400的模组底板209可以相互连接,或者一体成型为一个模组底板209。或者,多个容纳区中的模组底板209一体成型为一个模组底板209,例如,对于多个容纳区构成十字型结构的实施例而言,模组底板209可以为十字形。
在第三种实施方式中,多个单体电池100中至少部分单体电池100的上方还可以设置有模组顶板210,模组顶板210连接在第一端板205和第二端板206之间,模组顶板210、模组底板209、第一端板205、第二端板206与至少部分单体电池100组成电池模组400。这样,单体电池100位于模组顶板210和模组底板209之间,模组顶板210和模组底板209可以防止单体电池100上下窜动,增加了单体电池100的稳定性。模组顶板210可以为一个,也可以为多个。对于每个容纳区中布置有多个电池模组400的实施例而言,相邻两个电池模组400的模组顶板210可以相互连接,或者一体成型为一个模组顶板210。或者,多个容纳区中的模组顶板210一体成型为一个模组顶板210,例如,对于多个容纳区构成十字型结构的实施例而言,模组顶板210可以为十字形。
在第四种实施方式中,在每个容纳区中,第一端板205和所述第二端板206之间还可以设置有相对的第一侧板207和第二侧板208,第一端板205、第二端板206、第一侧板207、第二侧板208、模组顶板210、模组底板209和至少部分单体电池100组成电池模组400。例如,以多个容纳区构成十字型结构的实施例为例,中心区221内的第一侧板207可以靠近其中一个第四边框204,中心区221内的第二侧板208可以靠近另一个第四边框204,两侧区222内的第一侧板207可以靠近第三边框203,两侧区222内的第二侧板208可以靠近第四边框204,也就是说,中心区221的第一侧板207可以与两侧区222的第二侧板208相邻。第一侧板207和第二侧板208可以支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上,或者固定在第一边框201和第二边框202上,也可以固定在模组底板209上。
在第五种实施方式中,在每个容纳区中,多个单体电池100中至少部分单体电池100的下方设置有模组底板209,至少部分单体电通过模组底板209支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上;模组底板209与至少部分单体电池100组成电池模组400。这里,模组底板209主要用于遮挡单体电池100的底部,单体电池100的底部可以与模组底板209接触,也可以与模组底板209间隔设置,以在模组底板209与单体电池100之间布置隔热层215或保温层。在该实施方式中,多个单体电池100通过模组底板209支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上,简化了电池模组400的结构,利于实现动力电池包700的 轻量化。
在上述实施例中,第一端板205和第二端板206,或者,模组底板209可以通过多种实施方式支撑在第一边框201和第二边框202上,对此本公开不作限制,例如,通过紧固件可拆卸地紧固在第一边框201和第二边框202上;或者通过焊接的方式与第一边框201和第二边框202固定;或者通过点胶的方式与第一边框201和第二边框202连接;或者直接放置在第一边框201和第二边框202上,被第一边框201和第二边框202支撑。
对于单体电池100通过电池模组400设置在容纳装置200中的实施例而言,动力电池包700沿第三方向A3布置有多层电池模组400。这样,可以提高容纳装置200的体积利用率,进而提高动力电池包700的续航能力。根据本公开的一些实施例,沿第三方向A3叠置的电池模组400,可以是两端与第一边框201和第二边框202配合的电池模组400,也可以是直接放置在下一层电池模组400顶部而不与第一边框201和第二边框202配合支撑或连接。
需要注意的是,容纳装置200无论是单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的车用托盘,还是与电动车800的底盘一体成型的腔体300,其形状和结构大致相同,上文提到的第一端板205、第二端板206、第一侧板207、第二侧板208等安装在车用托盘中的结构同样适用于腔体300。
在上述实施例中,对于电池模组400中包括有模组底板209的实施例而言,如图12所示,模组底板209与单体电池100之间可以设置有隔热层215,以隔绝单体电池100与外界的热量传递,实现单体电池100保温的功能,并避免容纳装置200外的外部环境与容纳装置200内的单体电池100之间发生热干扰的现象。根据本公开的一些实施例,隔热层215可以为具有隔热、保温功能的材料制成,例如,由保温棉制成。
对于电池模组400中包括有模组顶板210的实施例而言,模组顶板210与单体电池100之间可以设置导热板216,以利于单体电池100散热,并保证多个单体电池100之间的温度差不会过大。导热板216可以由导热性好的材料制成,例如,导热板216可以有导热系数高的铜或铝等材料制成。
在一种实施方式中,上述模组顶板210为内部设置有冷却结构的液冷板217,液冷板217内部设置有冷却液,从而通过冷却液来实现对单体电池100的降温,使单体电池100能够处于适宜的工作温度。由于液冷板217与单体电池100之间设置有导热板216,在通过冷却液对单体电池100进行冷却时,液冷板217各位置处的温差可以通过导热板216进行均衡,从而将多个单体电池100之间的温度差控制在1℃以内。
为提高液冷板217的冷却效果,可以在液冷板217的上游设置气液分离器,由于液 冷板217中的冷却液可能来自于车辆其他热管理回路,冷却液可能为气态和液态混合的冷却液,使气液混合的冷却液通过气液分离器进行气液分离后,可以保证纯液相的冷却液进入液冷板217对单体电池100进行冷却,保证冷却效果。
在另一种实施方式中,单体电池100的冷却还可以通过冷媒进行冷却,模组顶板210为内部设置有冷却结构的直冷板218,直冷板218内部设置有冷媒,该冷媒可以为经由车辆空调系统进行散热降温后的冷媒,低温冷媒可以有效地吸收单体电池100的热量,使单体电池100的温度始终保持在适宜的温度值。
此外,回到容纳装置200的具体结构上,为使第一边框201和第二边框202能够对单体电池100提供支撑力,在本公开提供的一种实施方式中,如图9、图11、图12所示,在每个容纳区中,第一边框201设置有第一支撑台阶211,第二边框202设置有第二支撑台阶212;每个单体电池100的第一端支撑在对应的第一支撑台阶211上,每个单体电池100的第二端支撑在对应的第二支撑台阶212上。根据本公开的一些实施例,第一支撑台阶211可以从第一边框201的底部向内凸出,第二支撑台阶212可以从第二边框202的底部向内凸出。与现有技术中通过容纳装置中的底板来支撑单体电池的技术方案相比,在本公开中,通过设置在第一边框201和第二边框202上的第一支撑台阶211和第二支撑台阶212来支撑单体电池100,可以简化本公开提供的容纳装置200的结构,并减轻容纳装置200的重量。根据本公开的一些实施例,第一支撑台阶211和第二支撑台阶212上可以设置绝缘板,绝缘板位于单体电池100与第一支撑台阶211和第二支撑台阶212之间。
一些实施例中,第一边框201上还设置有第一固定部213,第二边框202上还设置有第二固定部214,每个单体电池100的第一端固定在第一固定部213上,每个单体电池100的第二端固定在第二固定部214。根据本公开的一些实施例,该第一固定部213可以是设置在第一边框201上的第三支撑台阶,第三支撑台阶位于第一支撑台阶211的上方,该第二固定部214可以是设置在第二边框202上的第四支撑台阶,第四支撑台阶位于第二支撑台阶212的上方。电池的第一端和第二端可以通过紧固件与第一固定部213和第二固定部214固定;或者焊接在第一固定部213和第二固定部214上。
对于单体电池100是通过电池模组400安装在电容纳装置200中,且电池模组400包括邻近第一边框201设置的第一端板205,且邻近第二边框202设置的第二端板206的实施例而言,第一端板205可以的底部可以支撑在第一支撑台阶211上,第一端板205的顶部或侧壁可以固定在第一固定部213上;第二端板206的底部可以支撑在第二支撑台阶212上,第二端板206的顶部或侧壁可以固定在第二固定部214上。
当本公开提供的动力电池包700布置在电动车800上时,作为一种实施方式中,上文提及的第一方向A1可以为车身的宽度方向,即,车辆的左右方向,第二方向A2可以为车辆的车身长度方向,即,车辆的前后方向,这样,由于单体电池100沿第一方向A1延伸,单体电池100在容纳装置200中起到横向加强梁的作用。在本公开提供的另一种实施方式中,上文提及的第一方向A1可以为车辆的车身长度方向,即,车辆的前后方向,第二方向A2可以为车身的宽度方向,即,车辆的左右方向,这样,由于单体电池100沿第一方向A1延伸,单体电池100在容纳装置200中起到纵向加强梁的作用。
根据本公开的另一个方面,提供一种储能装置900,该储能装置900包括上述的动力电池包700。该储能装置900不仅可以用于乘用车,还可以用于商用车、特种车、轮船、备用电源(dps、ups)、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动滑板车等需要使用单体电池100为其提供电能的装置上。
根据本公开的再一个方面,提供一种电动车800,该电动车800包括上述的动力电池包700,该电动车800上形成有至少一个上述的容纳装置200200,该容纳装置200200为一体成型在电动车800上的上文提及的腔体300300。
根据本公开的再一个方面,提供一种电动车800,该电动车800包括上述的动力电池包700。根据本公开的一些实施例,该动力电池包700中的容纳装置200为单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的车用托盘。
这里,电动车800可以包括商用车、特种车、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动滑板车等需要使用动力电池包700为其提供电能,以驱动其行驶的电动车800。
作为一种实施方式,动力电池包700设置在电动车800的底部,容纳装置200与电动车800的底盘固定连接。由于电动车800底盘处的安装空间较大,将动力电池包700设置在电动车800的底盘处,可以尽可能地提高单体电池100的数量,从而提高电动车800的续航能力。这里,设置在电动车800底部的动力电池包700可以为一个也可以为多个。
根据本公开的一些实施例,电动车800包括设置在电动车800底部的一个动力电池包700,容纳装置200与电动车800的底盘固定连接,多个单体电池100沿不同于第一方向A1的第二方向A2排布,第一方向A1为电动车800的车身宽度方向,第二方向A2为电动车800的车身长度方向。
根据本公开的一些实施例,电动车800可以包括多个设置在电动车800底部的动力电池包700,多个动力电池包700的形状和尺寸可以相同,也可以不同,具体地,每个动力电池包700可以根据电动车800底盘的形状及尺寸进行调整。
一些实施例中,多个容纳区包括中心区221和位于中心区221相对两侧的两侧区222,中心区221的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距大于两侧区222的第一边框201和第二边框202的间距,以使容纳区呈十字形结构,两侧区222沿第二方向A2的外侧与电动车800的车轮区域对应。
根据本公开的一些实施例,中心区221在第一方向A1的宽度L3与车身宽度W的比值满足:50%≤L3/W≤80%,该比值可以通过沿车身的宽度方向仅设置一个容纳装置200实现。通常,对于多数车辆而言,车身宽度为500mm-2000mm,例如,500mm、1600mm、1800mm、2000mm,车身长度为500mm-5000mm,对于乘用车而言,乘用车的宽度通常为500mm-1800mm,车身的长度为500mm-4000mm。
在本公开提供的一种示例性实施方式中,中心区221内的单体电池100在第一方向A1上的长度L4车身宽度W的比值满足:40%≤L4/W≤70%。在考虑容纳装置200的第一边框201和第二边框202的厚度的情况下,当单体电池100100的在第一方向A1上的长度L4与车身宽度W的比值满足:40%≤L4/W≤70%时,可以沿车身的宽度方向仅设置一个单体电池100100实现。在其他可能的实施方式中,满足这样的尺寸要求的情况下,可以在长度方向上设置多个电池模组400或多个单体电池100来实现。作为一种实施方式,单体电池100100在第一方向A1上的长度L4为500mm-1000mm。
需要说明的是,本公开中的一些实施例中,虽然公开了一个单体电池100的两端分别与第一边框201和第二边框202配合支撑的方案,但是在实际生产过程中,有可能出现无法制作与车身宽度相配合的长度尺寸的单体电池100;也即是说,单体电池100因为某些原因,无法被加工成我们想要的长度。因为,电动车800对单体电池100的电压平台是有要求的,而在固定的材料体系下,要达到一定的电压平台,其所需单体电池100的体积是一定的;这就使得,如果增加单体电池100的长度,就会减小其厚度或者宽度。而另一方面,要保证整个电池的表面积,以提高散热功能,在此前提下,无法通过降低单体电池100的宽度(高度)来增加单体电池100的长度;同时,在车体上,其高度空间利用也是有限的,为了最大程度降低影响,一般对单体电池100的宽度(高度)不做调整。因此,只能改变单体电池100沿第一方向A1的长度和第二方向A2的厚度来改变整个单体电池100的表面积;所以,若想要增加长度,大概率会从减小厚度的角度考虑。而实际上,单体电池100因为内部需要加入电芯及相关材料,其厚度的变化是有一个最小极限值的;这就使得,单体电池100的长度因受厚度以的极限值影响,第一方向A1上的长度改变能力,也是有限的,并不能无限的增加单体电池100的长度。
因此,在一些实施例中,会通过在第一方向A1设置两个单体电池100来解决上述问 题。例如,原沿第一方向A1设置一个单体电池100的方案中,单体电池100沿第一方向A1的长度为1000mm,那么,使用此方案后,在第一方向A1上设置两个单体电池100,每个单体电池100的长度大概是450mm左右。之所以少于1000mm的一半,是因为中间需要添加安装位。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的一些具体的实施方式,但是,本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本公开的技术构思范围内,可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本公开的思想,其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (47)

  1. 一种动力电池包,其特征在于,包括容纳装置(200)和设置在所述容纳装置(200)内的多个单体电池(100),所述容纳装置(200)具有多个容纳区,每个容纳区分别具有沿第一方向(A1)相对设置的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)、以及设置在所述第一边框(201)和所述第二边框(202)之间的所述单体电池(100),在不同的所述容纳区之间,所述第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的沿所述第一方向(A1)的间距不同,每个单体电池(100)包括相对的第一端和第二端,至少一个所述单体电池(100)的所述第一端与第二端之间的距离和对应的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)之间的距离相配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的力电池包,其特征在于,至少一个所述单体电池(100)的所述第一端支撑在对应的第一边框(201)上,且该单体电池(100)的所述第二端支撑在对应的第二边框(202)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)的长度方向与所述第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)大体垂直,在每个容纳区中,所述单体电池(100)的所述第一端与所述第二端之间的距离为L1,所述第一边框(201)的内表面与所述第二边框(202)的内表面之间的距离为L2,其中满足L1/L2≥50%。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述多个容纳区包括中心区(221)和位于所述中心区(221)相对两侧的两侧区(222),所述中心区(221)中的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的间距大于所述两侧区(222)中的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的间距,以使所述多个容纳区构成十字形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述多个容纳区包括第一区和位于所述第一区一侧的第二区,所述第一区的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的间距大于所述第二区的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的间距,以使所述多个容纳区构成T形结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,不同的所述容纳区 中的所述单体电池(100)的体积和容量中的至少一个相同。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)为方形电池,并具有长度(L)、厚度(D)和介于所述长度(L)和厚度(D)之间的高度(H),所述单体电池(100)侧立放置,所述单体电池(100)的长度方向为所述第一方向(A1),厚度方向为第二方向(A2),高度方向为第三方向(A3),不同的所述容纳区中的所述单体电池(100)的所述高度(H)相同,所述长度(L)和所述厚度(D)的比值互为倒数。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述容纳装置(200)为车用托盘。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)的长度为500mm-1000mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述容纳装置(200)形成在电动车上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述容纳装置(200)为向下凹陷的腔体(300)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述腔体(300)包括相对的第一侧壁(301)和第二侧壁(302),所述第一边框(201)为所述腔体(300)的所述第一侧壁(301)及所述第一侧壁(301)的延伸部,所述第二边框(202)为所述腔体(300)的所述第二侧壁(302)及所述第二侧壁(302)的延伸部。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述第一侧壁(301)的延伸部和所述第二侧壁(302)的延伸部形成所述腔体(300)的底部(303)。
  14. 根据权利要求3-13中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,满足80%≤L1/L2 ≤97%。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述多个单体电池(100)沿不同于所述第一方向(A1)的第二方向(A2)排布。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述动力电池包沿第三方向(A3)布置有多层所述多个单体电池(100),每层中的所述多个单体电池(100)均位于所述第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)之间。
  17. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,每个单体电池(100)以所述第一方向(A1)为长度方向设置。
  18. 根据权利要求4-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述容纳装置(200)还包括沿不同于所述第一方向(A1)的第二方向(A2)设置的第三边框(203)和第四边框(204),所述两侧区(222)的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)远离所述中心区(221)的一端通过所述第三边框(203)连接,所述两侧区(222)的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)靠近所述中心区(221)的一端通过所述第四边框(204)分别与所述中心区(221)的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)连接,所述两侧区(222)中的单体电池(100)沿第二方向(A2)排布在所述第三边框(203)和第四边框(204)之间,所述中心区(221)中的单体电池(100)沿第二方向(A2)排布在所述第四边框(204)之间。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述第三边框(203)向邻近所述第三边框(203)设置的所述单体电池(100)施加朝向所述两侧区(222)内的作用力,所述第四边框(204)向邻近所述第四边框(204)设置的所述单体电池(100)施加朝向所述中心区(221)内的作用力。
  20. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,每个单体电池(100)的所述第一端固定在对应的第一边框(201)上,每个单体电池(100)的所述第二端固定在对应的第二边框(202)上。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,在每个容纳区中, 所述多个单体电池(100)中的至少部分单体电池(100)的第一端与所述第一边框(201)之间设置有第一端板(205),所述多个单体电池(100)中的至少部分单体电池(100)的第二端与所述第二边框(202)之间设置有第二端板(206),所述至少部分单体电池(100)的第一端通过所述第一端板(205)支撑在所述第一边框(201),所述至少部分单体电池(100)的第二端通过所述第二端板(206)支撑在所述第二边框(202);所述第一端板(205)、所述第二端板(206)和所述至少部分单体电池(100)组成电池模组(400)。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池(100)中至少部分单体电池(100)的下方设置有模组底板(209),所述模组底板(209)连接在所述第一端板(205)和第二端板(206)之间,所述模组底板(209)、所述第一端板(205)、所述第二端板(206)与所述至少部分单体电池(100)组成所述电池模组(400)。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池(100)中至少部分单体电池(100)的上方设置有模组顶板(210),所述模组顶板(210)连接在所述第一端板(205)和第二端板(206)之间,所述模组顶板(210)、所述模组底板(209)、所述第一端板(205)、所述第二端板(206)与所述至少部分单体电池(100)组成所述电池模组(400)。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,在每个容纳区中,所述第一端板(205)和所述第二端板(206)之间设置有相对的第一侧板(207)和第二侧板(208),所述第一端板(205)、第二端板(206)、第一侧板(207)、第二侧板(208)、模组顶板(210)、模组底板(209)和所述至少部分单体电池(100)组成所述电池模组(400)。
  25. 根据权利要求1-24中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,在每个容纳区中,所述多个单体电池(100)中至少部分单体电池(100)的下方设置有模组底板(209),所述至少部分单体电通过所述模组底板(209)支撑在所述第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)上;所述模组底板(209)与所述至少部分单体电池(100)组成电池模组(400)。
  26. 根据权利要求21-25中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,沿不同于所述 第一方向(A1)的第二方向(A2),每个容纳区中的所述电池模组(400)至少为两个。
  27. 根据权利要求21-25中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述动力电池包沿第三方向(A3)布置有多层所述电池模组(400)。
  28. 根据权利要求15或16所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)为长方体结构的方形电池,并具有长度(L)、厚度(D)和介于所述长度(L)和厚度(D)之间的高度(H),每个所述单体电池(100)侧立放置,每个所述单体电池(100)的长度方向为所述第一方向(A1),厚度方向为第二方向(A2),高度方向为第三方向(A3),每个容纳区中的相邻两个所述单体电池(100)通过大面对大面的方式排布。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)的长度(L)和厚度(D)的比值满足50≤L/D≤70。
  30. 根据权利要求28或29所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)的表面积(S)与体积(V)的比值满足0.15≤S/V≤0.2。
  31. 根据权利要求28-30中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)的表面积(S)与能量(E)的比值满足250≤S/E≤400。
  32. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,在每个容纳区中,所述第一边框(201)设置有第一支撑台阶(211),所述第二边框(202)设置有第二支撑台阶(212);每个单体电池(100)的所述第一端支撑在对应的第一支撑台阶(211)上,每个单体电池(100)的所述第二端支撑在对应的第二支撑台阶(212)上。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述第一边框(201)设置有第一固定部(213),所述第二边框(202)设置有第二固定部(214);每个单体电池(100)的所述第一端固定在所述第一固定部(213)上,每个单体电池(100)的所述第二端固定在所述第二固定部(214)上。
  34. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池 (100)为金属外壳方形电池。
  35. 根据权利要求22-25中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述模组底板与所述单体电池(100)之间设置有隔热层(215)。
  36. 根据权利要求23或24所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述模组顶板(210)与所述单体电池(100)之间设置有导热板(216)。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述模组顶板(210)为内部设置有冷却结构的液冷板(217)或直冷板(218)。
  38. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)的第一电极(101)由所述单体电池(100)朝向所述第一边框(201)的所述第一端引出,所述单体电池(100)的第二电极(102)由所述单体电池(100)朝向所述第二边框(202)的所述第二端引出。
  39. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述单体电池(100)朝向所述第一边框(201)的所述第一端设置有防爆阀(103),所述第一边框(201)内部设置有排气通道(220),所述第一边框(201)上与每个单体电池(100)的所述防爆阀(103)对应的位置均设置有进气口(219),所述进气口(219)与所述排气通道(220)连通,所述容纳装置(200)上设置有与所述排气通道(220)连通的排气孔;
    或者,所述单体电池(100)朝向所述第二边框(202)的所述第二端设置有防爆阀(103),所述第二边框(202)内部设置有排气通道(220),所述第二边框(202)上与每个单体电池(100)的所述防爆阀(103)对应的位置均设置有进气口(219),所述进气口(219)与所述排气通道(220)连通,所述容纳装置(200)上设置有与所述排气通道(220)连通的排气孔;
    或者,所述单体电池(100)朝向所述第一边框(201)的所述第一端和朝向所述第二边框(202)的所述第二端均设置有防爆阀(103),所述第一边框(201)和所述第二边框(202)内部均设置有排气通道(220),所述第一边框(201)上与每个单体电池(100)的所述防爆阀(103)对应的位置均设置有进气口(219),所述第二边框(202) 上与每个单体电池(100)的所述防爆阀(103)对应的位置也均设置有进气口(219),所述进气口(219)与对应的所述排气通道(220)连通,所述容纳装置(200)上设置有与所述排气通道(220)连通的排气孔。
  40. 根据权利要求15或16所述的动力电池包,其特征在于,所述第一方向(A1)为车身宽度方向,所述第二方向(A2)为车身长度方向;或者,所述第一方向(A1)为车身长度方向,所述第二方向(A2)为车身宽度方向。
  41. 一种电动车,其特征在于,所述电动车包括权利要求1-40中任一项所述的动力电池包。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的电动车,其特征在于,所述动力电池包设置在所述电动车的底部,所述容纳装置(200)与所述电动车的底盘固定连接。
  43. 根据权利要求41或42所述的电动车,其特征在于,所述电动车包括设置在所述电动车底部的一个动力电池包,所述容纳装置(200)与所述电动车的底盘固定连接,所述多个单体电池(100)沿不同于所述第一方向(A1)的第二方向(A2)排布,所述第一方向(A1)为所述电动车的车身宽度方向,所述第二方向(A2)为所述电动车的车身长度方向。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的电动车,其特征在于,所述多个容纳区包括中心区(221)和位于所述中心区(221)相对两侧的两侧区(222),所述中心区(221)的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的间距大于所述两侧区(222)的第一边框(201)和第二边框(202)的间距,以使所述容纳区呈十字形结构,所述两侧区(222)沿所述第二方向(A2)的外侧与所述电动车的车轮区域对应。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的电动车,其特征在于,所述中心区(221)在所述第一方向(A1)的宽度(L3)与车身宽度(W)的比值满足:50%≤L3/W≤80%。
  46. 根据权利要求44或45所述的电动车,其特征在于,所述中心区(221)内的单体电池(100)在所述第一方向(A1)上的长度(L4)车身宽度(W)的比值满足:40% ≤L4/W≤70%。
  47. 一种储能装置,其特征在于,所述储能装置包括权利要求1-40中任意一项所述的动力电池包。
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