WO2020181677A1 - 一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统及运行方法 - Google Patents

一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统及运行方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181677A1
WO2020181677A1 PCT/CN2019/092429 CN2019092429W WO2020181677A1 WO 2020181677 A1 WO2020181677 A1 WO 2020181677A1 CN 2019092429 W CN2019092429 W CN 2019092429W WO 2020181677 A1 WO2020181677 A1 WO 2020181677A1
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Prior art keywords
heat storage
storage medium
inlet
pressure heater
outlet
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
严卉
刘明
种道彤
王进仕
陈伟雄
严俊杰
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to US17/427,644 priority Critical patent/US11560879B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of multi-energy complementary power generation, in particular to a solar coal-fired coupling flexible power generation system and an operation method.
  • the coupling of the existing solar thermal power generation system and the coal-fired thermal system is not enough to quickly offset the output power disturbance caused by the change of solar radiation intensity, and the strong coupling between the boiler and the steam turbine limits the minimum output of the generator set, and there is no reasonable solution yet.
  • the solution enables solar thermal power generation and coal-fired generating units to meet the power grid's requirements for variable load operation performance and economy of the units.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar coal-fired coupled flexible power generation system and operation method, which realizes the coupling of solar thermal power generation and coal-fired power generation, increases the external active heat storage of the unit, and uses the storage
  • the high-temperature heat storage of the heating medium quickly offsets the output power disturbance caused by the change of solar radiation intensity and realizes the decoupling of the generator and the furnace, so that the solar coal-fired coupled generator set can meet the requirements of the power grid for the variable load performance of the unit, while reducing coal consumption and improving economy Sex.
  • a solar coal-fired coupling flexible power generation system including a coal-fired generating set thermal system and a high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation: wherein,
  • the thermal system of the coal-fired generator set includes a boiler 1, a high pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 2, a low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 3, a condenser 4, a condensate pump 5, a low pressure heater 6, a deaerator 7, a feed water pump 8, a high pressure
  • the heater and regulating valve group 9; the heat storage medium heater 10 is also arranged in the flue of the boiler 1; the superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 is connected with the inlet of the high pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine; the feed water inlet and the high pressure heater of the boiler 1 Connected with the feedwater outlet of the regulating valve group 9; the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine communicates with the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine through the boiler 1; the first-stage extraction steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine is connected to the high-pressure heater
  • the steam inlet of the regulating valve group 9 is connected by a pipe, the second-
  • the high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation includes a solar heat collection device 11, a heat storage medium pump 12, a cold and heat storage medium tank 13, a cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 14, and a heat storage medium tank 15 that are connected in sequence.
  • Heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 17 and heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger 16 also including solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18; the entrance of solar heat collection device 11 through solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18 and heat storage medium
  • the pump 12 is connected to the cold and heat storage medium outlet of the cold and heat storage medium tank 13; the cold and heat storage medium outlet of the cold and heat storage medium tank 13 is also connected through the heat storage medium pump 12 and the inlet of the heat storage medium heater 10; solar energy
  • the outlet of the heat collection device 11 is connected with the right inlet of the heat storage medium of the heat storage medium tank 15 through a pipe; the outlet of the heat storage medium heater 10 is connected with the left inlet of the heat storage medium of the heat storage medium tank 15 through a pipe
  • the high-pressure heater and regulating valve group 9 is arranged with a first-stage high-pressure heater 901, a second-stage high-pressure heater 902, and a third-stage high-pressure heater 903, and also includes a first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 904 and a second-stage high-pressure heater inlet Regulating valve 905, three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906, and three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907;
  • the feed water outlet of the three-stage high pressure heater 903 is the feed water outlet of the high-pressure heater and regulating valve group 9;
  • the feedwater inlet of the device 901 is the feedwater inlet of the high-pressure heater and the regulating valve group 9, the feedwater outlet of the primary high-pressure heater 901 and the feedwater inlet of the secondary high-pressure heater 902 are connected by pipelines; the feedwater of the secondary high-pressure heater 902 The outlet is connected to the feedwater inlet of the three-stage high-pressure heater 903 through a pipeline; the steam
  • the heat storage medium communicates with the feedwater inlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 16 and the feedwater inlet of the primary high pressure heater 901 through the primary high pressure heater inlet regulating valve 904, and also communicates with the feedwater inlet of the secondary high pressure heater 902 through two
  • the inlet regulating valve 905 of the three-stage high-pressure heater is connected, and the feedwater inlet of the three-stage high-pressure heater 903 is connected through the three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906, and the feedwater outlet of the three-stage high-pressure heater 903 is connected through a three-stage high pressure.
  • the heater outlet regulating valve 907 is connected; the heat storage medium and the feedwater outlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 16 and the feedwater outlet of the three-stage high pressure heater 903 are also connected.
  • the heat storage medium used in the high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation is a single-phase flow medium such as molten salt and heat-conducting oil.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the flue of the boiler 1 where the heat storage medium heater 10 is located is between 550°C and 700°C.
  • the above-mentioned operation method of the solar coal-fired coupled flexible power generation system maintains the stability of the output power of the steam turbine when the solar radiation conditions change, and the working conditions of the heat storage medium and the feedwater heat exchanger 16 need to be maintained, that is, the heat storage medium is maintained
  • the heat storage medium flow rate, feed water flow rate and feed water temperature of the feed water heat exchanger 16 are unchanged.
  • One or more of the opening pairs of the two-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 905, the three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906, and the three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907 enter the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 16 Adjust the feed water flow and temperature.
  • the adjustment goal is to increase the feed water temperature and make the rate of change between the main steam flow from boiler 1 into the high pressure cylinder 2 of the turbine and the reheat steam flow into the low pressure cylinder 3 of the turbine to meet the turbine electrical load
  • the rate of change enables the system to meet the requirements of rapid variable load rate; when the generator set needs to reduce the load, close the first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 904, the second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 905, and the third-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906 and three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907, open the cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 14 and solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18, start the heat storage medium pump 12, and adjust the heat storage medium pump 12 and solar heat storage medium
  • the valve 18 cooperates to adjust the flow of the cold heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium heater 10 for heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas and the flow of the heat storage medium entering the solar heat collection device 11 for heating.
  • the heated heat storage medium passes through the heat
  • the left and right inlets of the heat storage medium tank 15 enter the hot melt tank 15, and the mass balance of the heat medium stored in the cold and heat storage medium tank 13 and the heat storage medium tank 15 is adjusted through the cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 14 to adjust the target In order to reduce the output of the steam turbine under the condition of the stable combustion of the boiler 1, while effectively storing solar heat.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention realizes the coupling of solar energy and coal-fired power generation by increasing the external high-temperature heat storage of the unit, which not only quickly offsets the output power disturbance caused by the change of solar radiation intensity, maintains the stable output of the steam turbine, but also realizes the decoupling of the turbine and the furnace, which greatly improves Operational flexibility of power generation system.
  • the present invention can control the flow of the heat storage medium entering the solar heat collection device and the heat storage medium heater, utilize solar energy, reduce coal consumption, and improve economy; meanwhile, the heat storage medium is stored outside the coal-fired unit during low-load operation Satisfy the high-grade energy remaining after the load of the steam turbine, enhance the low-load operation capacity of the system, and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
  • the present invention can adjust the feed water flow and temperature into the heat storage medium and the feed water heat exchanger through the opening and closing of the high-pressure heater regulating valve group, so that the system can meet the requirements of the rapid variable load rate of the unit.
  • the heat medium exchanges heat to increase the feed water temperature, thereby improving the rapid load change capability of the unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the solar coal-fired coupling flexible power generation system of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a solar coal-fired coupled flexible power generation system, a coal-fired generator set thermal system and a high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation:
  • the thermal system of the coal-fired generator set includes a boiler 1, a high pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 2, a low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 3, a condenser 4, a condensate pump 5, a low pressure heater 6, a deaerator 7, a feed water pump 8, a high pressure
  • the heater and regulating valve group 9; the heat storage medium heater 10 is also arranged in the flue of the boiler 1; the superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 is connected with the inlet of the high pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine; the feed water inlet and the high pressure heater of the boiler 1 Connected with the feedwater outlet of the regulating valve group 9; the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine communicates with the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine through the boiler 1; the first-stage extraction steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine is connected to the high-pressure heater
  • the steam inlet of the regulating valve group 9 is connected by a pipe, the second-
  • the high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation includes a solar heat collection device 11, a heat storage medium pump 12, a cold and heat storage medium tank 13, a cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 14, and a heat storage medium tank 15 that are connected in sequence.
  • Heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 17 and heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger 16 also including solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18; the entrance of solar heat collection device 11 through solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18 and heat storage medium
  • the pump 12 is connected to the cold and heat storage medium outlet of the cold and heat storage medium tank 13; the cold and heat storage medium outlet of the cold and heat storage medium tank 13 is also connected through the heat storage medium pump 12 and the inlet of the heat storage medium heater 10; solar energy
  • the outlet of the heat collection device 11 is connected with the right inlet of the heat storage medium of the heat storage medium tank 15 through a pipe; the outlet of the heat storage medium heater 10 is connected with the left inlet of the heat storage medium of the heat storage medium tank 15 through a pipe
  • the high-pressure heater and regulating valve group 9 is arranged with a first-stage high-pressure heater 901, a second-stage high-pressure heater 902, and a third-stage high-pressure heater 903, and also includes a first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 904, Two-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 905, three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906, and three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907;
  • the feed water outlet of the three-stage high pressure heater 903 is the feed water of the high-pressure heater and regulating valve group 9 Outlet;
  • the feedwater inlet of the primary high-pressure heater 901 is the feedwater inlet of the high-pressure heater and the regulating valve group 9, the feedwater outlet of the primary high-pressure heater 901 and the feedwater inlet of the secondary high-pressure heater 902 are connected through a pipeline;
  • the feedwater outlet of the high-pressure heater 902 is connected to the feedwater inlet of the three-stage high-pressure heater 903 through a
  • the heat storage medium and the feedwater inlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 16 and the feedwater inlet of the primary high pressure heater 901 are connected through the primary high pressure heater inlet regulating valve 904, and are also connected to the secondary high pressure heater.
  • the feedwater inlet of the heater 902 is connected through the two-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 905, and the feedwater inlet of the three-stage high-pressure heater 903 is connected through the three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906, and is also connected with the three-stage high-pressure heater
  • the feedwater outlet of 903 is connected through the three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907; the heat storage medium and the feedwater outlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 16 are also connected with the feedwater outlet of the three-stage high pressure heater 903.
  • the heat storage medium used in the high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation is a single-phase flow medium such as molten salt and heat transfer oil, which ensures single-phase flow in the heat exchanger and improves system safety and stability.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the flue of the boiler 1 where the heat storage medium heater 10 is located is between 550°C and 700°C to ensure that the stored energy of the heat storage medium is high-grade energy.
  • the operating method of the solar coal-fired coupled flexible power generation system of the present invention maintains the stability of the output power of the steam turbine when the solar radiation conditions change. It is necessary to maintain the stability of the working conditions of the heat storage medium and the feedwater heat exchanger 16, namely Maintain the heat storage medium flow rate, feed water flow rate and feed water temperature that enter the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 16 unchanged.
  • the heater 10 simultaneously opens the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 17, and the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 17 regulates the flow of heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 16 through the first-stage high pressure
  • One or more of the heater inlet regulating valve 904, the two-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 905, the three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 906, and the three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907 are switched on and off to enter the heat storage medium and The feed water flow and temperature of the feed water heat exchanger 16 are adjusted.
  • the adjustment objective is to increase the feed water temperature and make the rate of change between the main steam flow from the boiler 1 into the high pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine and the reheat steam flow into the low pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine It can meet the rate of change of steam turbine electromechanical load and make the system meet the requirements of rapid variable load rate; when the generator set needs to reduce the load, close the first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 904, the second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 905, and the third-stage high pressure
  • the heater inlet regulating valve 906 and the three-stage high pressure heater outlet regulating valve 907 open the cold and hot heat storage medium tank connection valve 14 and the solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18, start the heat storage medium pump 12, and pass the heat storage medium pump 12 and
  • the solar heat storage medium regulating valve 18 cooperates to adjust the flow of the cold heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium heater 10 for heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas and the flow of the heat storage medium entering the solar heat collection device 11 for heating.
  • the heat medium enters the hot melt tank 15 through the left and right inlets of the heat storage medium tank 15 respectively, and adjusts the heat medium stored in the cold and heat storage medium tank 13 and the heat storage medium tank 15 through the cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 14
  • the mass balance, the adjustment objective is: to reduce the output of the steam turbine under the condition of stable combustion of the boiler 1, while effectively storing solar heat.
  • the present invention uses a high-temperature heat storage system to couple solar thermal power generation and coal-fired power generation thermal systems to quickly offset the output power disturbance caused by changes in solar radiation intensity.
  • environmental conditions such as sunlight change, the heat storage medium and the water supply heat exchanger are maintained.
  • the coal-fired power generation system stores the remaining high-grade energy after meeting the load of the steam turbine externally to improve the minimum load operation capacity of the coal-fired power generation system.
  • the invention can solve the problem of insufficient flexibility and economy when solar energy and coal-fired generating units participate in peak shaving.

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Abstract

一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，该系统包括燃煤发电机组热力系统以及包含太阳能集热装置（11）、冷热储热介质罐（13、15）、储热介质泵（12）、储热介质与给水换热器（16）等耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统；锅炉（1）烟道中布置储热介质加热器（10）；通过太阳能储热介质调节阀（18）和储热介质泵（12）配合调节进入太阳能集热装置（11）和储热介质加热器（10）的储热介质流量，消除阳光辐照变化的影响，维持输出功率稳定；其次，用储热介质罐（13、15）进行调峰，在锅炉稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力；还通过高压加热器调节阀组开断调节进入储热介质与给水换热器的给水流量和温度，使系统满足机组快速变负荷速率的要求；本发明能实现太阳能燃煤发电耦合，降低煤耗量，大幅提高机组灵活性和经济性。另外，还涉及上述系统的运行方法。

Description

一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统及运行方法 技术领域
本发明涉及多能源互补发电技术领域，具体涉及一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统及运行方法。
背景技术
近年来，我国政府加快了多能互补示范工程建设。太阳能是清洁的可再生能源，但由于太阳能是间歇性能源，大规模发电并网加剧电网波动，也降低了电网系统调峰容量比，造成我国部分地区可再生能源发电消纳困难；同时我国电力系统中调峰任务将主要由燃煤火电机组承担。这对太阳能热发电和燃煤火力机组的灵活性经济性都提出了新要求，要求其能稳定输出功率同时也能大幅度快速变负荷且经济地运行。
现有太阳能热发电系统与燃煤热力系统的耦合不足以快速抵消太阳辐照强度变化引起的输出功率扰动，且锅炉与汽轮机间的强耦合限制了发电机组的最低出力，目前尚未有合理的解决方案使得太阳能热发电和燃煤发电机组能够满足电网对机组变负荷运行性能的要求和经济性的要求，需要解决的问题包括：
1)太阳辐照等环境条件变化，需要解决太阳能与燃煤互补电站的运行控制问题。
2)当电网要求快速大幅度变负荷时，太阳能热发电受天气限制，而燃煤发电受锅炉最低稳定燃烧负荷和系统内部蓄热能力限制，均无法满足变负荷速率要求，需要寻求更有潜力的太阳能与燃煤耦合方案，增设更高效的蓄热系统相互配合。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统及运行方法，该系统实现太阳能热发电与燃煤发电耦合，增加机组外部主动储热，利用储热介质高温储热，快速抵消太阳辐照强度变化引起的输出功率扰动并实现机炉解耦，使得太阳能燃煤耦合发电机组能满足电网对机组变负荷性能的要求，同时降低煤耗量，提高经济性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，包括燃煤发电机组热力系统和耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统：其中，
所述燃煤发电机组热力系统包括依次连接的锅炉1、汽轮机高压缸2、汽轮机中低压缸3、凝汽器4、凝结水泵5、低压加热器6、除氧器7、给水泵8、高压加热器与调节阀组9；所述锅炉1的烟道中还布置有储热介质加热器10；锅炉1的过热蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸2的入口相连通；锅炉1的给水入口和高压加热器与调节阀组9的给水出口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的蒸汽出口通过锅炉1与汽轮机中低压缸3进汽口相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的第一级抽汽出口与高压加热器与调节阀组9的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第二级抽汽出口与除氧器7的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第三级抽汽出口与低压加热器6的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的蒸汽出口与凝汽器4的进气口相连通；凝汽器4的水工质出口通过凝结水泵5与低压加热器6的水工质入口相连通；低压加热器6的水工质出口与除氧器7的水工质入口相连通；
所述耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统包括依次相连的太阳能集热装置11、储热介质泵12、冷储热介质罐13、冷热储热介质罐连接阀14、热储热介质罐15、热储热介质罐出口调节阀17和储热介质与给水换热器16，还包括太阳能储热介质调节阀18；太阳能集热装置11的入口通过太阳能储热介 质调节阀18和储热介质泵12与冷储热介质罐13的冷储热介质出口相连通；所述冷储热介质罐13的冷储热介质出口还通过储热介质泵12储热介质加热器10入口相连通；太阳能集热装置11的出口与热储热介质罐15的热储热介质右入口通过管道相连通；储热介质加热器10出口通过管道与热储热介质罐15的热储热介质左入口相连通；所述储热介质与给水换热器16的储热介质出口与冷储热介质罐13的冷储热介质入口通过管道相连通，储热介质与给水换热器16的储热介质入口和热储热介质罐15的出口通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀17相连通；储热介质与给水换热器16的给水出口与锅炉1给水入口通过管道相连通；储热介质与给水换热器16的给水入口与给水泵8的水工质出口相连通；所述高温储热系统的冷储热介质罐13与热储热介质罐15通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀14相连通。
所述高压加热器与调节阀组9布置有一级高压加热器901、二级高压加热器902和三级高压加热器903，还包括一级高压加热器入口调节阀904、二级高压加热器入口调节阀905、三级高压加热器入口调节阀906和三级高压加热器出口调节阀907；三级高压加热器903的给水出口为高压加热器与调节阀组9的给水出口；一级高压加热器901的给水入口为高压加热器与调节阀组9的给水入口，一级高压加热器901的给水出口与二级高压加热器902的给水入口通过管道相连通；二级高压加热器902的给水出口通过管道与三级高压加热器903的给水入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的蒸汽出口通过管道与二级高压加热器902的过热蒸汽入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的第一级抽汽出口与三级高压加热器903的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的第一级抽汽出口与一级高压加热器901的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通。
所述储热介质与给水换热器16的给水入口与一级高压加热器901的给水入口通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀904相连通，还与二级高压加热器902 的给水入口通过二级高压加热器入口调节阀905相连通，还与三级高压加热器903的给水入口通过三级高压加热器入口调节阀906相连通，还与三级高压加热器903的给水出口通过三级高压加热器出口调节阀907相连通；储热介质与给水换热器16的给水出口与三级高压加热器903的给水出口也相连通。
所述耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统使用的储热介质为熔盐、导热油类单相流动的介质。
所述储热介质加热器10所处锅炉1烟道处的烟气温度在550℃～700℃之间。
上述一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统的运行方法，在太阳辐照条件变化时维持汽轮机输出功率的稳定，需要维持储热介质与给水换热器16工况的稳定，即维持进入储热介质与给水换热器16的储热介质流量、给水流量和给水温度都不变，当热储热介质罐15中容量不足时，增加进入储热介质加热器10的储热介质量；当光照条件良好且发电机组需要升负荷时，通过调节太阳能储热介质调节阀18和储热介质泵12增加进入太阳能集热装置11的储热介质流量，停止储热介质进入储热介质加热器10，同时打开热储热介质罐出口调节阀17，通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀17对进入储热介质与给水换热器16的热储热介质流量进行调节，通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀904、二级高压加热器入口调节阀905、三级高压加热器入口调节阀906和三级高压加热器出口调节阀907中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器16的给水流量和温度进行调节，调节目标为：使给水温度提高且使从锅炉1进入汽轮机高压缸2的主蒸汽流量与进入汽轮机中低压缸3的再热蒸汽流量的变化率能够满足汽轮机电负荷变化率，使系统满足快速变负荷速率的要求；当发电机组需要降负荷时，关闭一级高压加热器入口调节阀904、二级高压加 热器入口调节阀905、三级高压加热器入口调节阀906和三级高压加热器出口调节阀907，打开冷热储热介质罐连接阀14和太阳能储热介质调节阀18，启动储热介质泵12，通过储热介质泵12和太阳能储热介质调节阀18配合对进入储热介质加热器10与高温烟气热交换的冷储热介质的流量以及进入太阳能集热装置11进行加热的储热介质流量进行调节，加热后的储热介质分别通过热储热介质罐15的左入口和右入口进入热熔罐15，通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀14调节冷储热介质罐13和热储热介质罐15所存储热介质质量平衡，调节目标为：在锅炉1稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力，同时有效存储太阳能热量。
和现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明通过增加机组外部高温储热，实现太阳能与燃煤发电耦合，既快速抵消太阳辐照强度变化引起的输出功率扰动，维持汽轮机出力稳定，又实现机炉解耦，大幅度提高发电系统运行灵活性。
(2)本发明可以控制进入太阳能热集热装置和储热介质加热器的储热介质流量，利用太阳能，降低煤耗量，提升经济性；同时储热介质在燃煤机组外部存储低负荷运行时满足汽轮机负荷后剩余的高品位能量，提升系统低负荷运行能力，提高能量利用效率。
(3)本发明可以通过高压加热器调节阀组开断调节进入储热介质与给水换热器的给水流量和温度，使系统满足机组快速变负荷速率的要求，通过在燃煤机组外与储热介质换热，提高给水温度，从而提高机组快速变负荷能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，燃煤发电机组热力系统和耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统：其中，
所述燃煤发电机组热力系统包括依次连接的锅炉1、汽轮机高压缸2、汽轮机中低压缸3、凝汽器4、凝结水泵5、低压加热器6、除氧器7、给水泵8、高压加热器与调节阀组9；所述锅炉1的烟道中还布置有储热介质加热器10；锅炉1的过热蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸2的入口相连通；锅炉1的给水入口和高压加热器与调节阀组9的给水出口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的蒸汽出口通过锅炉1与汽轮机中低压缸3进汽口相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的第一级抽汽出口与高压加热器与调节阀组9的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第二级抽汽出口与除氧器7的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第三级抽汽出口与低压加热器6的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的蒸汽出口与凝汽器4的进气口相连通；凝汽器4的水工质出口通过凝结水泵5与低压加热器6的水工质入口相连通；低压加热器6的水工质出口与除氧器7的水工质入口相连通；
所述耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统包括依次相连的太阳能集热装置11、储热介质泵12、冷储热介质罐13、冷热储热介质罐连接阀14、热储热介质罐15、热储热介质罐出口调节阀17和储热介质与给水换热器16，还包括太阳能储热介质调节阀18；太阳能集热装置11的入口通过太阳能储热介质调节阀18和储热介质泵12与冷储热介质罐13的冷储热介质出口相连通；所述冷储热介质罐13的冷储热介质出口还通过储热介质泵12储热介质加热器10入口相连通；太阳能集热装置11的出口与热储热介质罐15的热储热介质右入口通过管道相连通；储热介质加热器10出口通过管道与热储热介质罐15的热储热介质左入口相连通；所述储热介质与给水换热器16的储热介质出口与冷储热介质罐13的冷储热介质入口通过管道相连通，储热介质与给水 换热器16的储热介质入口和热储热介质罐15的出口通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀17相连通；储热介质与给水换热器16的给水出口与锅炉1给水入口通过管道相连通；储热介质与给水换热器16的给水入口与给水泵8的水工质出口相连通；所述高温储热系统的冷储热介质罐13与热储热介质罐15通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀14相连通。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，高压加热器与调节阀组9布置有一级高压加热器901、二级高压加热器902和三级高压加热器903，还包括一级高压加热器入口调节阀904、二级高压加热器入口调节阀905、三级高压加热器入口调节阀906和三级高压加热器出口调节阀907；三级高压加热器903的给水出口为高压加热器与调节阀组9的给水出口；一级高压加热器901的给水入口为高压加热器与调节阀组9的给水入口，一级高压加热器901的给水出口与二级高压加热器902的给水入口通过管道相连通；二级高压加热器902的给水出口通过管道与三级高压加热器903的给水入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的蒸汽出口通过管道与二级高压加热器902的过热蒸汽入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的第一级抽汽出口与三级高压加热器903的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的第一级抽汽出口与一级高压加热器901的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述储热介质与给水换热器16的给水入口与一级高压加热器901的给水入口通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀904相连通，还与二级高压加热器902的给水入口通过二级高压加热器入口调节阀905相连通，还与三级高压加热器903的给水入口通过三级高压加热器入口调节阀906相连通，还与三级高压加热器903的给水出口通过三级高压加热器出口调节阀907相连通；储热介质与给水换热器16的给水出口与三级高压加热器903的给水出口也相连通，优点为：使得进入储热介质与给水换热器16的 给水流量和给水温度可以进行灵活调节，从而根据增快机组变负荷速率，提高机组灵活性。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统使用的储热介质为熔盐、导热油等单相流动的介质，确保在换热器中单相流动，提高系统安全性和稳定性。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，储热介质加热器10所处锅炉1烟道处的烟气温度在550℃～700℃之间，保证储热介质存储能量为高品位能量。
如图1所示，本发明太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统的运行方法，在太阳辐照条件变化时维持汽轮机输出功率的稳定，需要维持储热介质与给水换热器16工况的稳定，即维持进入储热介质与给水换热器16的储热介质流量、给水流量和给水温度都不变，当热储热介质罐15中容量不足时，增加进入储热介质加热器10的储热介质量；当光照条件良好且发电机组需要升负荷时，通过调节太阳能储热介质调节阀18和储热介质泵12增加进入太阳能集热装置11的储热介质流量，停止储热介质进入储热介质加热器10，同时打开热储热介质罐出口调节阀17，通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀17对进入储热介质与给水换热器16的热储热介质流量进行调节，通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀904、二级高压加热器入口调节阀905、三级高压加热器入口调节阀906和三级高压加热器出口调节阀907中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器16的给水流量和温度进行调节，调节目标为：使给水温度提高且使从锅炉1进入汽轮机高压缸2的主蒸汽流量与进入汽轮机中低压缸3的再热蒸汽流量的变化率能够满足汽轮机电负荷变化率，使系统满足快速变负荷速率的要求；当发电机组需要降负荷时，关闭一级高压加热器入口调节阀904、二级高压加热器入口调节阀905、三级高压加热器入口调节阀906和三级高压加热器出口调节阀907，打开冷热储热介质罐连接阀14和太阳能储热介质 调节阀18，启动储热介质泵12，通过储热介质泵12和太阳能储热介质调节阀18配合对进入储热介质加热器10与高温烟气热交换的冷储热介质的流量以及进入太阳能集热装置11进行加热的储热介质流量进行调节，加热后的储热介质分别通过热储热介质罐15的左入口和右入口进入热熔罐15，通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀14调节冷储热介质罐13和热储热介质罐15所存储热介质质量平衡，调节目标为：在锅炉1稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力，同时有效存储太阳能热量。
本发明采用高温储热系统耦合太阳热发电和燃煤发电热力系统，快速抵消太阳辐照强度变化引起的输出功率扰动，当太阳光照等环境条件变化，通过维持储热介质与给水换热器16工况的稳定来维持汽轮机出力稳定不变；高温储热系统并联运行于燃煤发电热力系统外，打破热力系统机组锅炉和汽轮机间的强耦合，当光照条件良好且发电机组需要快速升负荷时，调节太阳能储热介质调节阀18控制进入太阳能集热装置的储热介质流量，调节一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15中一个或多个控制进入储热介质与给水换热器16的给水温度和流量，在燃煤机组外与储热介质换热，提高给水温度，提高机组快速变负荷运行能力，同时利用太阳能，降低煤耗量；汽轮机要求低负荷运行时，调节进入储热介质加热器16的储热介质流量，锅炉燃烧量可以尽量不变化，利用储热介质在燃煤机组外部存储满足汽轮机负荷后剩余的高品位能量，提升燃煤发电系统最低负荷运行能力。本发明可以解决太阳能与燃煤机组参与调峰时灵活性和经济性不足的问题。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，其特征在于：包括燃煤发电机组热力系统和耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统：其中，
    所述燃煤发电机组热力系统包括依次连接的锅炉(1)、汽轮机高压缸(2)、汽轮机中低压缸(3)、凝汽器(4)、凝结水泵(5)、低压加热器(6)、除氧器(7)、给水泵(8)、高压加热器与调节阀组(9)；所述锅炉(1)的烟道中还布置有储热介质加热器(10)；锅炉(1)的过热蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸(2)的入口相连通；锅炉(1)的给水入口和高压加热器与调节阀组(9)的给水出口相连通；汽轮机高压缸(2)的蒸汽出口通过锅炉(1)与汽轮机中低压缸(3)进汽口相连通；汽轮机中低压缸(3)的第一级抽汽出口与高压加热器与调节阀组(9)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第二级抽汽出口与除氧器(7)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第三级抽汽出口与低压加热器(6)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸(3)的蒸汽出口与凝汽器(4)的进气口相连通；凝汽器(4)的水工质出口通过凝结水泵(5)与低压加热器(6)的水工质入口相连通；低压加热器(6)的水工质出口与除氧器(7)的水工质入口相连通；
    所述耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统包括依次相连的太阳能集热装置(11)、储热介质泵(12)、冷储热介质罐(13)、冷热储热介质罐连接阀(14)、热储热介质罐(15)、热储热介质罐出口调节阀(17)和储热介质与给水换热器(16)，还包括太阳能储热介质调节阀(18)；太阳能集热装置(11)的入口通过太阳能储热介质调节阀(18)和储热介质泵(12)与冷储热介质罐(13)的冷储热介质出口相连通；所述冷储热介质罐(13)的冷储热介质出口还通过储热介质泵(12)储热介质加热器(10)入口相连通；太阳能集热装置(11)的出口与热储热介质罐(15)的热储热介质右入口通过管道相连通；储热介 质加热器(10)出口通过管道与热储热介质罐(15)的热储热介质左入口相连通；所述储热介质与给水换热器(16)的储热介质出口与冷储热介质罐(13)的冷储热介质入口通过管道相连通，储热介质与给水换热器(16)的储热介质入口和热储热介质罐(15)的出口通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀(17)相连通；储热介质与给水换热器(16)的给水出口与锅炉(1)给水入口通过管道相连通；储热介质与给水换热器(16)的给水入口与给水泵(8)的水工质出口相连通；所述高温储热系统的冷储热介质罐(13)与热储热介质罐(15)通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀(14)相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，其特征在于：所述高压加热器与调节阀组(9)布置有一级高压加热器(901)、二级高压加热器(902)和三级高压加热器(903)，还包括一级高压加热器入口调节阀(904)、二级高压加热器入口调节阀(905)、三级高压加热器入口调节阀(906)和三级高压加热器出口调节阀(907)；三级高压加热器(903)的给水出口为高压加热器与调节阀组(9)的给水出口；一级高压加热器(901)的给水入口为高压加热器与调节阀组(9)的给水入口，一级高压加热器(901)的给水出口与二级高压加热器(902)的给水入口通过管道相连通；二级高压加热器(902)的给水出口通过管道与三级高压加热器(903)的给水入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸(2)的蒸汽出口通过管道与二级高压加热器(902)的过热蒸汽入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸(2)的第一级抽汽出口与三级高压加热器(903)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸(3)的第一级抽汽出口与一级高压加热器(901)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，其特征在于：所述储热介质与给水换热器(16)的给水入口与一级高压加热器(901)的给水入口通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀(904)相连通，还与二级高压加 热器(902)的给水入口通过二级高压加热器入口调节阀(905)相连通，还与三级高压加热器(903)的给水入口通过三级高压加热器入口调节阀(906)相连通，还与三级高压加热器(903)的给水出口通过三级高压加热器出口调节阀(907)相连通；储热介质与给水换热器(16)的给水出口与三级高压加热器(903)的给水出口也相连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，其特征在于：所述耦合太阳能热发电的高温储热系统使用的储热介质为熔盐、导热油类单相流动的介质。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统，其特征在于：所述储热介质加热器(10)所处锅炉(1)烟道处的烟气温度在550℃～700℃之间。
  6. 权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种太阳能燃煤耦合灵活发电系统的运行方法，其特征在于：在太阳辐照条件变化时维持汽轮机输出功率的稳定，需要维持储热介质与给水换热器(16)工况的稳定，即维持进入储热介质与给水换热器(16)的储热介质流量、给水流量和给水温度都不变，当热储热介质罐(15)中容量不足时，增加进入储热介质加热器(10)的储热介质量；当光照条件良好且发电机组需要升负荷时，通过调节太阳能储热介质调节阀(18)和储热介质泵(12)增加进入太阳能集热装置(11)的储热介质流量，停止储热介质进入储热介质加热器(10)，同时打开热储热介质罐出口调节阀(17)，通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀(17)对进入储热介质与给水换热器(16)的热储热介质流量进行调节，通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀(904)、二级高压加热器入口调节阀(905)、三级高压加热器入口调节阀(906)和三级高压加热器出口调节阀(907)中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器(16)的给水流量和温度进行调节，调节目标为：使给水温度提高且使从 锅炉(1)进入汽轮机高压缸(2)的主蒸汽流量与进入汽轮机中低压缸(3)的再热蒸汽流量的变化率能够满足汽轮机电负荷变化率，使系统满足快速变负荷速率的要求；当发电机组需要降负荷时，关闭一级高压加热器入口调节阀(904)、二级高压加热器入口调节阀(905)、三级高压加热器入口调节阀(906)和三级高压加热器出口调节阀(907)，打开冷热储热介质罐连接阀(14)和太阳能储热介质调节阀(18)，启动储热介质泵(12)，通过储热介质泵(12)和太阳能储热介质调节阀(18)配合对进入储热介质加热器(10)与高温烟气热交换的冷储热介质的流量以及进入太阳能集热装置(11)进行加热的储热介质流量进行调节，加热后的储热介质分别通过热储热介质罐(15)的左入口和右入口进入热储热介质罐(15)，通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀(14)调节冷储热介质罐(13)和热储热介质罐(15)所存储热介质质量平衡，调节目标为：在锅炉(1)稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力，同时有效存储太阳能热量。
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