WO2020177232A1 - 一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法 - Google Patents

一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法 Download PDF

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WO2020177232A1
WO2020177232A1 PCT/CN2019/091129 CN2019091129W WO2020177232A1 WO 2020177232 A1 WO2020177232 A1 WO 2020177232A1 CN 2019091129 W CN2019091129 W CN 2019091129W WO 2020177232 A1 WO2020177232 A1 WO 2020177232A1
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ssi
sugarcane
soil
evaluation
planting
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毛钧
张跃彬
邓军
刀静梅
李如丹
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云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • the invention relates to a sugarcane planting zoning method, in particular to a sugarcane planting zoning method based on a comprehensive suitability index.
  • the primary problem for the adjustment of the sugarcane industry structure is to optimize the regional layout of sugarcane planting. Only by realizing the optimal allocation of various resources in accordance with local conditions can it save costs and increase efficiency and achieve high-yield and efficient planting.
  • the present invention proposes a sugarcane based on comprehensive suitability index based on comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the agricultural production zoning elements in the main sugarcane production areas in China
  • the planting zoning method provides a scientific basis for optimizing the layout of sugarcane production and making full use of natural resources to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages to improve the efficiency of sugarcane field production.
  • the present invention combines the relevant technical methods of meteorology, soil science, sugarcane cultivation and crop modeling. Firstly, single index classification evaluation is performed on the climate, soil and sugarcane production potential of the sugarcane planting area, and then the comprehensive suitability is calculated Index for sugarcane planting zoning.
  • the present invention achieves its goals through the following technical solutions:
  • a sugarcane planting zoning method based on comprehensive suitability index includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) evaluation of natural climate conditions
  • the evaluation of natural climate conditions includes: annual value evaluation of total solar radiation based on sunshine hours; temperature evaluation based on daily maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation;
  • the temperature evaluation based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature is performed as follows:
  • the following indicators are calculated: annual average temperature Tav, accumulated temperature ⁇ 20°C, Tt, annual extreme minimum temperature Tm and daily temperature difference Tr; according to Tav, Tt, Tm , Tr size, respectively, assign the temperature suitability index SSI _Tav , SSI _Tt , SSI _Tm and SSI _Tr ;
  • Step (2) evaluation of soil water and fertilizer conditions
  • the evaluation of soil water and fertilizer conditions includes soil moisture evaluation and soil fertility evaluation.
  • the soil moisture evaluation is: sampling the typical soil of the local sugarcane area with a sampling depth of 0-60cm, measuring the soil holding and withering water content and calculating the effective soil content
  • Water amount SAW, the soil water suitability index SSI _SAW is assigned according to the size of SAW
  • the evaluation of soil fertility is: sampling the typical soil of the sugarcane area, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and
  • the available potassium content is classified according to the soil nutrient classification standard of the sugarcane area (level 1-6), and the soil nutrient suitability index SSI _SNL is assigned according to the classification situation SNL;
  • the sugarcane production potential evaluation includes: planting scale evaluation and cane stalk yield evaluation; among them, the planting scale evaluation is: collecting the sugarcane planting area data of the area in the past 3 years, calculating the perennial sugarcane planting area SPA by the average value, and planting the scale according to the size of the SPA Suitability SSI _SPA assignment; sugarcane stalk yield evaluation is: based on local multi-year ground climate data daily value data set (daily total solar radiation, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily rainfall) and the above-mentioned sugarcane area soil water and fertilizer conditions, refer to sugarcane Relevant management measures for standardized production of high-yield and high-sugar, use APSIM-Sugar model to simulate the multi-year average cane stalk yield TCH of the main local sugarcane varieties, and assign the stalk yield suitability SSI _TCH according to the size of the TCH;
  • Step (4) zoning sugarcane planting based on the comprehensive suitability index
  • CSI (SSI _Rad +SSI _Tav +SSI _Tt +SSI _Tm +SSI _Tr +SSI _Pre +SSI _SAW +SSI _SNL +SSI _SPA +SSI _TCH ) ⁇ 0.1
  • SSI _Rad , SSI _Tav , SSI _Tt , SSI _Tm , SSI _Tr , SSI _Pre , SSI _SAW , SSI _SNL , SSI _SPA , SSI _TCH are the annual value of total solar radiation, annual mean temperature, annual accumulated temperature of ⁇ 20°C Extreme minimum temperature, daily temperature range, annual rainfall, soil effective water content, soil nutrient grade, planting scale, and cane stem yield individual suitability assignment; when 1 ⁇ CSI ⁇ 2, this area is the most suitable area for sugarcane production ; When 2 ⁇ CSI ⁇ 3, this area is suitable for sugarcane production; when 3 ⁇ CSI ⁇ 5, this area is suboptimal for sugarcane production.
  • step (1) the default values of a and b are 0.25 and 0.5, respectively, or the values of a and b are corrected by formulas (3) and (4):
  • H is the local altitude, m.
  • the present invention conducts quantitative evaluation through climate, soil and key factors in sugarcane production, which is scientific and reasonable.
  • the present invention combines the technical methods of meteorology, soil science, sugarcane cultivation and crop modeling to carry out sugarcane planting zoning, which can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of various resources.
  • the present invention uses a unified single index suitability index and a comprehensive suitability index to evaluate the sugarcane production potential of different sugarcane areas, which is convenient for comparison and easy to popularize and apply, and is beneficial to make full use of natural conditions for the reasonable planning of sugarcane production layout And scientific planting, saving costs and increasing efficiency, promote the sugarcane industry towards the overall goal of "high yield, high sugar, high efficiency, intensive, ecological and safe”.
  • the sugarcane planting zoning method based on the comprehensive suitability index of this embodiment, for planting zoning for the Gengma sugarcane area in Yunnan, includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) evaluation of natural climate conditions
  • the evaluation of natural climate conditions includes: annual value evaluation of total solar radiation based on sunshine hours; temperature evaluation based on daily maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation;
  • the annual value of total solar radiation based on sunshine hours is calculated as follows:
  • the daily maximum and minimum temperature are evaluated as follows:
  • This example calculates the annual value of the local solar radiation Rad, the annual average temperature Tav, the accumulated temperature ⁇ 20°C, the annual extreme minimum temperature Tm, the daily temperature difference Tr and the annual precipitation based on the daily value data of the surface climate data in Gengma from 1981 to 2010.
  • the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Step (2) evaluation of soil water and fertilizer conditions
  • soil moisture evaluation includes field holding, withering coefficient, effective water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content
  • soil moisture evaluation is: reference NY/T 52-1987 and NY/T 1121.22-2010 Standard Methods for Soil Moisture Determination
  • SAW SAW (%)
  • the soil fertility evaluation is:
  • Evaluation of sugarcane production potential includes: planting scale evaluation and cane stem yield evaluation.
  • the planting scale is evaluated as:
  • the yield of cane stalk is evaluated as:
  • Gengma's sugarcane production potential was evaluated based on Gengma's perennial sugarcane planting area SPA and APSIM-Sugar model simulation calculation of multi-year average cane stalk yield TCH. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • Step (4) zoning sugarcane planting based on the comprehensive suitability index
  • the comprehensive index CSI of sugarcane production suitability is calculated according to the individual index suitability SSI of Gengma climate, soil and sugarcane production potential obtained in steps (1)-(3).
  • CSI (SSI _Rad +SSI _Tav +SSI _Tt +SSI _Tm +SSI _Tr +SSI _Pre +SSI _SAW +SSI _SNL +SSI _SPA +SSI _TCH ) ⁇ 0.1
  • the sugarcane planting zoning method based on the comprehensive suitability index of this embodiment is based on the planting zoning of the Yuanjiang sugarcane area in Yunnan.
  • the specific method is the same as that of Example 1.
  • the results are shown in Table 4:
  • the sugarcane planting zoning method based on the comprehensive suitability index of this embodiment is based on the planting zoning of the sugarcane area in Guangnan, Yunnan.
  • the specific method is the same as that in Example 1.
  • the results are shown in Table 5.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,包括如下步骤:自然气候条件评价、土壤水肥条件评价、甘蔗生产潜力评价和基于综合适宜度指数区划甘蔗种植。本发明在深入调查和评估蔗区自然环境条件的基础上,结合气象学、土壤学、甘蔗栽培学和作物模型学的技术方法对糖料甘蔗种植区域的气候、土壤和甘蔗生产潜力要素进行分类评估,有益于充分利用自然条件进行糖料甘蔗生产布局的合理规划和科学种植,从而提高气候、土壤资源的利用效率,节本增效,促进甘蔗产业向"高产、高糖、高效、集约、生态、安全"的总体目标迈进。

Description

一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种甘蔗种植区划方法,尤其是一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法。
背景技术
甘蔗产业结构调整的首要问题就是优化甘蔗种植区域布局,只有因地制宜的实现各类资源的最优配置,才能节本增效,实现高产高效种植。
但近年来我国甘蔗种植面积呈现逐年下降的趋势,目前仍存在甘蔗种植区划指标不够完善、种植制度和品种布局不够合理,蔗区自然气候、土壤资源利用效率低下,气象灾害减产损失严重等诸多问题。在新的发展形势和要求下,仅依据气象台站观测资料进行甘蔗农业气候区划的传统方法难以满足未来甘蔗种植区域布局优化调整和高产高效种植的需要。
因此,有必要加强甘蔗种植区划方法的研究,细化和优化区划指标和方法,通过科学的规划将甘蔗生产向优势产区集中,改变传统的散户种植方式,发展集约化、规模化种植,提高资源的利用效率。
发明内容
本发明针对现有的糖料甘蔗种植中存在的区划指标和方法问题,在对中国甘蔗主产区的农业生产区划要素进行综合分析评估的基础上,提出了一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,为甘蔗生产布局优化以及充分利用自然资源趋利避害提高甘蔗大田生产效率提供科学依据。本发明结合气象学、土壤学、甘蔗栽培学和作物模型学的相关技术方法,首先对糖料甘蔗种植区域的气候、土壤和甘蔗生产潜力等要素进行单项指标分类评估,然后通过计算综合适宜度指数进行甘蔗种植区划。
为解决现有甘蔗种植区划中存在的问题,本发明通过以下技术方案实现其目标:
一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1)、自然气候条件评价
对自然气候条件的评价包括:基于日照时数的太阳总辐射年值评价;基于日最高、最低气温的温度评价和基于日降水量的年降水量评价;
太阳总辐射年值评价按以下进行:
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000002
首先根据式(1)计算太阳总辐射日值,式中Rs为日地表太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;Ra为日晴空太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;n为日照时数,h;N为日长,h;a和b为模型经验系数;
然后根据式(2)计算太阳总辐射年值,式中i为日序;Rs i为日序为i当天的日地表太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;Rad为全年365天的日太阳总辐射累加值,即太阳总辐射年值,MJ/m 2;根据Rad的大小进行太阳辐射适宜度指数SSI _Rad赋值;
基于日最高、最低气温的温度评价按以下进行:
利用该区域多年地面气候资料日值数据集的日最高、最低气温计算如下指标:年均温Tav、≥20℃积温Tt、年极端最低气温Tm和气温日较差Tr;根据Tav、Tt、Tm、Tr大小分别进行温度适宜度指数SSI _Tav、SSI _Tt、SSI _Tm和SSI _Tr的赋值;
基于日降水量的年降水量评价按以下进行:
利用该区域多年地面气候资料日值数据集的日降水量计算年降水量Pre,根据Pre大小进年降水量适宜度指数SSI _Pre赋值;
步骤(2)、土壤水肥条件评价
土壤水肥条件评价包括土壤水分评价和土壤肥力评价,其中,土壤水分评价为:对当地蔗区典型土壤进行抽样,取样深度为0-60cm,测定土壤田持和凋萎含水量并计算土壤有效含水量SAW,根据SAW大小进行土壤水分适宜度指数SSI _SAW赋值;土壤肥力评价为:对蔗区典型土壤进行抽样,取样深度为0-20cm,测定土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,根据蔗区土壤养分分级标准进行分级(1-6级),根据分级情况SNL进行土壤养分适宜度指数SSI _SNL赋值;
步骤(3)、甘蔗生产潜力评价
甘蔗生产潜力评价包括:种植规模评价和蔗茎产量评价;其中,种植规模评价为:收集该区域近3年的甘蔗种植面积数据,通过平均值计算常年甘蔗种植面积SPA,根据SPA大小进行种植规模适宜度SSI _SPA赋值;蔗茎产量评价为:基于当地多年地面气候资料日值数据集(日太阳总辐射、日最高气温、日最低气温和日降雨量)和上述蔗区土壤水肥条件,参考甘蔗高产高糖标准化生产的相关管理措施,利用APSIM-Sugar模型模拟当地甘蔗主栽品种的多年平均蔗茎产量TCH,根据TCH大小进行蔗茎产量适宜度SSI _TCH赋值;
步骤(4)、基于综合适宜度指数区划甘蔗种植
按下式计算甘蔗生产综合适宜度指数CSI:
CSI=(SSI _Rad+SSI _Tav+SSI _Tt+SSI _Tm+SSI _Tr+SSI _Pre+SSI _SAW+SSI _SNL+SSI _SPA+SSI _TCH)×0.1
,其中,SSI _Rad、SSI _Tav、SSI _Tt、SSI _Tm、SSI _Tr、SSI _Pre、SSI _SAW、SSI _SNL、SSI _SPA、SSI _TCH 依次为太阳总辐射年值、年均温、≥20℃积温、年极端最低气温、气温日较差、年降雨量、土壤有效水分含量、土壤养分等级、种植规模、蔗茎产量的单项适宜度赋值;当1≤CSI≤2时,该区域为甘蔗生产最适宜区;当2<CSI≤3时,该区域为甘蔗生产适宜区;当3<CSI≤5时,该区域为甘蔗生产次适宜区。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,a和b默认取值分别为0.25和0.5,或者采用式(3)和式(4)对a和b取值进行校正:
a=1.57×10 -5×H+0.1705    (3);
b=2.01×10 -5×H+0.5416    (4);
式中,H为当地海拔,m。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,Rad≥5000时,SSI _Rad=1;5000>Rad≥4000时,SSI _Rad=3;Rad<4000时,SSI _Rad=5;
Tav≥20时,SSI _Tav=1;20>Tav≥15时,SSI _Tav=3;Tav<15时,SSI _Tav=5,Tav单位为℃;
Tt≥5000时,SSI _Tt=1;5000>Tt≥3000时,SSI _Tt=3;Tt<3000时,SSI _Tt=5,Tt单位为℃·d;
Tm≥-2时,SSI _Tm=1;-4≤Tm<-2时,SSI _Tm=3;Tm<-4时,SSI _Tm=5,Tm单位为℃;
Tr≥12时,SSI _Tr=1;12>Tr≥10时,SSI _Tr=3;Tr<10时,SSI _Tr=5,Tr单位为℃;
1500≤Pre≤2000时,SSI _Pre=1;1000≤Pre<1500或2000<Pre≤2500时,SSI _Pre=3;Pre>2500或Pre<1000时,SSI _Pre=5;Pre单位为mm。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,SAW≥20时,SSI _SAW=1;20>SAW≥10时,SSI _SAW=3;SAW<10时,SSI _SAW=5;SAW单位为%;SNL=1-2为高养分土壤,SSI _SNL=1;SNL=3为中养分土壤,SSI _SNL=3;SNL=4-6为低养分土壤,SSI _SNL=5。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,SPA≥20000时,SSI _SPA=1;20000>SPA≥10000时,SSI _SPA=3;SPA<10000时,SSI _SPA=5,SPA单位为hm 2;TCH≥90时,SSI _TCH=1;90>TCH≥60时,SSI _TCH=3;TCH<60时,SSI _TCH=5,TCH单位为t/hm 2
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明在深入调查和评估蔗区自然条件的基础上,通过气候、土壤和甘蔗生产中的关键因子进行量化评估,科学合理。
(2)本发明结合气象学、土壤学、甘蔗栽培学和作物模型学的技术方法进行甘蔗种植区划,可有效提高各类资源的利用效率。
(3)本发明采用统一的单项指标适宜度指数和综合适宜度指数评估不同蔗区的甘蔗生产潜力,既方便比较又易于推广应用,有益于充分利用自然条件进行糖料甘蔗生产布局的合理规划和科学种植,节本增效,促进甘蔗产业向“高产、高糖、高效、集约、生态、安全”的总 体目标迈进。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
本实施例的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,针对云南耿马蔗区进行种植区划,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1)、自然气候条件的评价
对自然气候条件的评价包括:基于日照时数的太阳总辐射年值评价;基于日最高、最低气温的温度评价和基于日降水量的年降水量评价;
基于日照时数的太阳总辐射年值按以下进行:
首先将耿马1981-2010年地面气候资料日值数据集的日照时数代入式(1)计算太阳总辐射日值Rs,然后根据式(2)计算太阳总辐射年值Rad,式(3)和式(4)分别为式(1)中参数a和b的校正公式。
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000004
a=1.57×10 -5×H+0.1705    (3)
b=2.01×10 -5×H+0.5416    (4)
式中Rs为日地表太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;Ra为日晴空太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;n为日照时数,h;N为日长,h;a和b为模型经验系数,默认值分别为0.25和0.5,云南低纬高原蔗区可采用公式(3)和公式(4)进行参数校正,式中H为海拔(m)。i为日序;Rs i为日序为i当天的日地表太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;Rad为全年365天的日太阳总辐射累加值,即太阳总辐射年值,MJ/m 2;根据Rad的大小进行太阳辐射适宜度指数SSI _Rad赋值;Rad≥5000时,SSI _Rad=1;5000>Rad≥4000时,SSI _Rad=3;Rad<4000时,SSI _Rad=5。
日最高、最低气温的温度的评价按以下进行:
利用耿马1981-2010年地面气候资料日值数据集的日最高、最低气温计算如下指标(参照中国气象数据标准):年均温Tav、≥20℃的积温Tt、年极端最低气温Tm和气温日较差 Tr;根据Tav、Tt、Tm、Tr大小分别进行温度适宜度指数SSI _Tav、SSI _Tt、SSI _Tm和SSI _Tr的赋值:
Tav≥20时,SSI _Tav=1;20>Tav≥15时,SSI _Tav=3;Tav<15时,SSI _Tav=5,Tav单位为℃;
Tt≥5000时,SSI _Tt=1;5000>Tt≥3000时,SSI _Tt=3;Tt<3000时,SSI _Tt=5,Tt单位为℃·d;
Tm≥-2时,SSI _Tm=1;-4≤Tm<-2时,SSI _Tm=3;Tm<-4时,SSI _Tm=5,Tm单位为℃;
Tr≥12时,SSI _Tr=1;12>Tr≥10时,SSI _Tr=3;Tr<10时,SSI _Tr=5,Tr单位为℃。
基于日降水量的年降水量评价按以下进行:
利用耿马1981-2010年地面气候资料日值数据集的日降水量计算年降水量Pre(参照中国气象数据标准),根据Pre大小进行赋值;1500≤Pre≤2000时,SSI _Pre=1;1000≤Pre<1500或2000<Pre≤2500时,SSI _Pre=3;Pre>2500或Pre<1000时,SSI _Pre=5;Pre单位为mm。
本实施例基于耿马1981-2010年地面气候资料日值数据计算当地太阳总辐射年值Rad,年均温Tav,≥20℃积温Tt,年极端最低气温Tm,气温日较差Tr和年降水量Pre,来评价耿马甘蔗种植的自然气候适宜度,结果见表1。
表1 耿马甘蔗种植自然气候适宜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000005
步骤(2)、土壤水肥条件评价
土壤水肥条件评价包括土壤水分评价和土壤肥力评价,其中,土壤水分评价(包括田持、凋萎系数、有效含水量、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量)为:参照NY/T 52-1987和NY/T 1121.22-2010土壤水分测定标准方法对当地蔗区典型土壤进行抽样,取样深度为0-60cm,测定土壤田持和凋萎含水量并计算土壤有效含水量SAW(%),SAW≥20为最适宜,SSI _SAW=1;20>SAW≥10为适宜,SSI _SAW=3;SAW<10为次适宜,SSI _SAW=5。
土壤肥力评价为:
参照《甘蔗营养管理与检测技术》对蔗区典型土壤进行抽样,取样深度为0-20cm,测定土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,根据蔗区土壤养分分级标准进行分级,SNL=1-2为高养分土壤,SSI _SNL=1;SNL=3为中养分土壤,SSI _SNL=3;SNL=4-6为低养分土壤,SSI _SNL=5。
本实施例基于耿马蔗区典型土壤样品的有效含水量SAW和养分等级SNL,来评估耿马 甘蔗种植的土壤水肥适宜度,结果见表2。
表2 耿马甘蔗种植土壤水肥适宜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000006
步骤(3)、甘蔗生产潜力评价
甘蔗生产潜力评价包括:种植规模评价和蔗茎产量评价。
其中,种植规模评价为:
获取耿马近3年(2016-2018)的甘蔗种植面积数据(统一采用国际单位公顷hm 2),通过计算平均值评估种植规模SPA(hm 2),SPA≥20000为规模大,SSI _SPA=1;20000>SPA≥10000为规模中,SSI _SPA=3;SPA<10000为规模小,SSI _SPA=5。
蔗茎产量评价为:
基于耿马1981-2010年地面气候资料日值数据(日太阳总辐射、日最高气温、日最低气温和日降雨量),耿马蔗区土壤水分数据(田持、凋萎系数、有效含水量)和土壤养分数据(有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量),参考甘蔗高产高糖标准化生产技术的相关管理措施(播期、灌溉量和施肥量等),利用APSIM-Sugar模型模拟耿马蔗区甘蔗主栽品种ROC22的多年平均蔗茎产量TCH(t/hm 2),TCH≥90为高潜力,SSI _TCH=1;90>TCH≥60为中潜力,SSI _TCH=3;TCH<60为低潜力,SSI _TCH=5。
本实施例基于耿马常年甘蔗种植面积SPA和APSIM-Sugar模型模拟计算的多年平均蔗茎产量TCH来评估耿马甘蔗生产潜力,结果见表3。
表3 耿马甘蔗生产潜力评价结果
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000007
步骤(4)、基于综合适宜度指数区划甘蔗种植
根据步骤(1)-(3)中获得的耿马气候、土壤和甘蔗生产潜力各单项指标适宜度SSI计算甘蔗生产适宜度综合指数CSI。
CSI=(SSI _Rad+SSI _Tav+SSI _Tt+SSI _Tm+SSI _Tr+SSI _Pre+SSI _SAW+SSI _SNL+SSI _SPA+SSI _TCH)×0.1
=(1+1+1+1+1+3+3+3+1+1)×0.1=1.6
评价结果表明,耿马蔗区光热和降水条件非常适宜甘蔗种植,土壤水肥条件中等,甘蔗种植规模大且单产潜力高,综合适宜度指数CSI=1.6,属于甘蔗生产最适宜区。
实施例2
本实施例的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,针对云南元江蔗区进行种植区划,具体方法与实施例1相同,结果如表4所示:
表4 元江甘蔗生产综合适宜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000008
由表4可以看出,元江蔗区光热条件非常好,但降水量不足,需要加强灌溉,土壤肥力中等,甘蔗种植规模较小,但单产潜力高,综合适宜度指数CSI=2.4,属于甘蔗生产适宜区。
实施例3
本实施例的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,针对云南广南蔗区进行种植区划,具体方法与实施例1相同,结果如表5所示:
表5 广南甘蔗生产综合适宜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-000010
由表5可以看出,广南蔗区光热条件一般,年极端气温低,时有冻害发生,降水量不足,土壤肥力中等,甘蔗种植规模中等,单产潜力中等,综合适宜度指数CSI=3.4,属于甘蔗生产次适宜区。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书界定。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
    步骤(1)、自然气候条件评价
    对自然气候条件的评价包括:基于日照时数的太阳总辐射年值评价;基于日最高、最低气温的温度评价和基于日降水量的年降水量评价;
    太阳总辐射年值评价按以下进行:
    Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2019091129-appb-100002
    首先根据式(1)计算太阳总辐射日值,式中Rs为日地表太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;Ra为日晴空太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;n为日照时数,h;N为日长,h;a和b为模型经验系数;
    然后根据式(2)计算太阳总辐射年值,式中i为日序;Rs i为日序为i当天的日地表太阳总辐射,MJ/m 2;Rad为全年365天的日太阳总辐射累加值,即太阳总辐射年值,MJ/m 2;根据Rad的大小进行太阳辐射适宜度指数SSI _Rad赋值;
    基于日最高、最低气温的温度评价按以下进行:
    利用该区域多年地面气候资料日值数据集的日最高、最低气温计算如下指标:年均温Tav、≥20℃积温Tt、年极端最低气温Tm和气温日较差Tr;根据Tav、Tt、Tm、Tr大小分别进行温度适宜度指数SSI _Tav、SSI _Tt、SSI _Tm和SSI _Tr的赋值;
    基于日降水量的年降水量评价按以下进行:
    利用该区域多年地面气候资料日值数据集的日降水量计算年降水量Pre,根据Pre大小进年降水量适宜度指数SSI _Pre赋值;
    步骤(2)、土壤水肥条件评价
    土壤水肥条件评价包括土壤水分评价和土壤肥力评价,其中,土壤水分评价为:对当地蔗区典型土壤进行抽样,取样深度为0-60cm,测定土壤田持和凋萎含水量并计算土壤有效含水量SAW,根据SAW大小进行土壤水分适宜度指数SSI _SAW赋值;土壤肥力评价为:对蔗区典型土壤进行抽样,取样深度为0-20cm,测定土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,根据蔗区土壤养分分级标准进行分级,根据分级情况SNL进行土壤养分适宜度指数SSI _SNL赋值;
    步骤(3)、甘蔗生产潜力评价
    甘蔗生产潜力评价包括:种植规模评价和蔗茎产量评价;其中,种植规模评价为:收集 该区域近3年的甘蔗种植面积数据,通过平均值计算常年甘蔗种植面积SPA,根据SPA大小进行种植规模适宜度SSI _SPA赋值;蔗茎产量评价为:基于当地多年地面气候资料日值数据集和蔗区土壤水肥条件,参考甘蔗高产高糖标准化生产的相关管理措施,利用APSIM-Sugar模型模拟当地甘蔗主栽品种的多年平均蔗茎产量TCH,根据TCH大小进行蔗茎产量适宜度SSI _TCH赋值;
    步骤(4)、基于综合适宜度指数区划甘蔗种植
    按下式计算甘蔗生产综合适宜度指数CSI:
    CSI=(SSI _Rad+SSI _Tav+SSI _Tt+SSI _Tm+SSI _Tr+SSI _Pre+SSI _SAW+SSI _SNL+SSI _SPA+SSI _TCH)×0.1,其中,SSI _Rad、SSI _Tav、SSI _Tt、SSI _Tm、SSI _Tr、SSI _Pre、SSI _SAW、SSI _SNL、SSI _SPA、SSI _TCH依次为太阳总辐射年值、年均温、≥20℃积温、年极端最低气温、气温日较差、年降雨量、土壤有效水分含量、土壤养分等级、种植规模、蔗茎产量的单项适宜度赋值;当1≤CSI≤2时,该区域为甘蔗生产最适宜区;当2<CSI≤3时,该区域为甘蔗生产适宜区;当3<CSI≤5时,该区域为甘蔗生产次适宜区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,a和b默认取值分别为0.25和0.5,或者采用式(3)和式(4)对a和b取值进行校正:
    a=1.57×10 -5×H+0.1705   (3);
    b=2.01×10 -5×H+0.5416   (4);
    式中,H为当地海拔,m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,Rad≥5000时,SSI _Rad=1;5000>Rad≥4000时,SSI _Rad=3;Rad<4000时,SSI _Rad=5;
    Tav≥20时,SSI _Tav=1;20>Tav≥15时,SSI _Tav=3;Tav<15时,SSI _Tav=5,Tav单位为℃;
    Tt≥5000时,SSI _Tt=1;5000>Tt≥3000时,SSI _Tt=3;Tt<3000时,SSI _Tt=5,Tt单位为℃·d;
    Tm≥-2时,SSI _Tm=1;-4≤Tm<-2时,SSI _Tm=3;Tm<-4时,SSI _Tm=5,Tm单位为℃;
    Tr≥12时,SSI _Tr=1;12>Tr≥10时,SSI _Tr=3;Tr<10时,SSI _Tr=5,Tr单位为℃;
    1500≤Pre≤2000时,SSI _Pre=1;1000≤Pre<1500或2000<Pre≤2500时,SSI _Pre=3;Pre>2500或Pre<1000时,SSI _Pre=5;Pre单位为mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,SAW≥20时,SSI _SAW=1;20>SAW≥10时,SSI _SAW=3;SAW<10时,SSI _SAW=5;SAW单位为%;SNL=1-2为高养分土壤,SSI _SNL=1;SNL=3为中养分土壤,SSI _SNL=3;SNL=4-6为低养分土壤,SSI _SNL=5。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于综合适宜度指数的甘蔗种植区划方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,SPA≥20000时,SSI _SPA=1;20000>SPA≥10000时,SSI _SPA=3;SPA<10000时,SSI _SPA=5,SPA单位为hm 2;TCH≥90时,SSI _TCH=1;90>TCH≥60时,SSI _TCH=3;TCH<60时,SSI _TCH=5,TCH单位为t/hm 2
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