WO2020176027A1 - A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, and a vehicle - Google Patents

A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, and a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020176027A1
WO2020176027A1 PCT/SE2020/050195 SE2020050195W WO2020176027A1 WO 2020176027 A1 WO2020176027 A1 WO 2020176027A1 SE 2020050195 W SE2020050195 W SE 2020050195W WO 2020176027 A1 WO2020176027 A1 WO 2020176027A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recharging
battery
max
temperature
effect
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2020/050195
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ola Hall
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to CN202080007576.4A priority Critical patent/CN113226835A/en
Priority to DE112020000417.1T priority patent/DE112020000417T5/en
Publication of WO2020176027A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020176027A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, said vehicle comprising: an electric engine for propulsion of the vehicle, a battery for provision of electric energy to the electric engine, said battery being rechargeable, recharging system for recharging of the battery, a cooling system for cooling of the battery, and a control unit for controlling the operation of the cooling system, wherein the recharging system has a maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax , the cooling system has a maximum cooling effect E coo i max , which is dependent of ambient temperature, the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max , and the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max , wherein said method comprises the steps of: continually measuring the temperature T battery of the battery, continually measuring the state of charge S O C of the battery, and continually measuring the ambient temperature and determining the maximum cooling effect E coo i max on basis thereof.
  • the invention also relates to such a vehicle.
  • Vehicles using electric engines for their propulsion comprise at least one rechargeable battery for the storage of electric energy to the electric engine.
  • the battery recharging system of such vehicles is dimensioned for allowing a very high recharging power, in the range of several times the maximum output of the electrical engine.
  • the temperature of the battery will rise as a consequence thereof. If the battery temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature, unwanted degradation of the battery will occur. Therefore, battery temperature control is becoming increasingly important as maximum recharging powers are becoming increasingly higher.
  • Vehicles may therefore be provided with a cooling system configured for controlling the temperature of the battery during operation of the electric engine, and also during recharging of the battery.
  • the cooling system may comprise a cooling circuit filled with a coolant, and a radiator and a heat exchanger via which the coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the cooling system may also include an AC-system in which a refrigerant is compressed and used for exchanging heat with said coolant, in a way known per se.
  • the cooling system may comprise an air cooling system in which ambient air is used to directly cool the battery.
  • the cooling system is normally primarily dimensioned to cope with the heat increase of the battery caused by the operation of the engine, which, as mentioned above, may be much lower than the maximum recharging power enabled by the recharging system. Recharging times may therefore be affected by the maximum output of the cooling system rather than the maximum recharging power of the battery recharging system.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by means of the method defined hereinabove, which is characterized in that it comprises the step of
  • the battery is cooled to such an extent that, if recharging is suddenly performed with maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax , the battery temperature shall be so low that, based on a knowledge of the relation between Erechargemax and Ecooimax of the vehicle in question, and the resulting battery temperature increase per % of increased state of charge SOC from a predetermined state of charge up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax, the maximum allowable temperature T max of the battery shall not be exceeded.
  • Ecooimax ⁇ Ebatteryioss is the energy that upon recharging with application of Erec hargemax forms heat in the battery.
  • the cooling system is unable of preventing an increase of the temperature of the battery upon recharging at Erec hargemax. Therefore, planning of cooling in accordance with the teaching of the present invention will be an advantage in order to avoid overheating of the battery and avoid having an unnecessarily powerful cooling system and/or avoiding a premature stop of recharging before SOCmax is achieved.
  • the battery may have a predetermined minimum allowable operation temperature Tmin.
  • the cooling system will be able of keeping the temperature of the battery within the range from Tmin to Tmax and still allow maximum recharging effect to be applied upon recharging.
  • the cooling system is dimensioned such that it is able of cooling the battery to Tmin during any operation condition, i.e. upon propulsion of the vehicle by means of the electrical engine.
  • the method comprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature T batte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max . Accordingly, the temperature is controlled to such a level that the cooling system does need to operate at full effect in order to achieve the above-mentioned target.
  • the method comprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect E CO oi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature T batte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • the method comprises the step of
  • the method comprises the steps of: - predicting an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle,
  • Prediction may be based on any of predicted travel route, predicted travel speed, predicted driving characteristic (aggressive, less aggressive etc.), and load carried by vehicle.
  • the prediction of the timing of the recharging makes it possible to control the temperature such that it is at a sufficiently low level to allow less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max specifically at the assumed (predicted) time of recharging. In that way a somewhat higher temperature, that will require 100% of E coo i max , can be accepted for other parts of the travel than immediately before the predicted timing of the recharging.
  • the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T m ax .
  • the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect E cooimax is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • the method comprises the steps of -predicting the ambient temperature
  • Predicting the maximum cooling effect E coo i max at the predicted time (or more precisely SOC) of recharging will improve the possibility of controlling the temperature to exactly the right level at the predicted time of start of recharging, also with regard taken to the ambient temperature, and thereby maximum cooling effect E cooi max , that can be expected at the time of start of and during recharging.
  • the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T ma x .
  • the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by means of a vehicle comprising
  • the cooling system has a maximum cooling effect E cooi max , which is dependent of ambient temperature
  • the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max ,
  • the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T ma x
  • the vehicle further comprises - a sensor for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery
  • control unit configured to continually determine the maximum cooling effect E cooimax on basis of the measured ambient temperature
  • said vehicle being characterized in that said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax and said maximum cooling effect E cooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect E rechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect E cooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • the vehicle is characterized in that it comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle, predict at which state of charge S O C of the battery that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge S O C max will be expected. Prediction may be based on any of predicted travel route, predicted travel speed, predicted driving characteristic (aggressive, less aggressive etc.), and load carried by vehicle.
  • control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect E rechargemax and less than 100%, or less than 95%, or less than 90%, of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • the vehicle comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict the ambient temperature.
  • control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax and less than 100% of said predicted maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
  • the cooling system comprises a cooling circuit filled with a coolant, and a heat exchanger via which the coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the cooling system may also include an AC-system in which a refrigerant is compressed and used for exchanging heat with said coolant, in a way known per se.
  • the cooling system may comprise an air cooling system in which ambient air is used to directly cool the battery.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising computer program code for causing a computer to implement a method as defined hereinabove when the computer program is executed in the computer.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising a non-tranistory data storage medium which can be read by a computer and on which the program code of a computer program as defined hereinabove is stored.
  • the invention also relates to an electronic control unit of a motor vehicle comprising an execution means and a data storage medium which is connected to the execution means and on which the computer program code of a computer program as defined hereinabove.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of parts of a vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows parts of a vehicle according to the present invention that are essential to the present invention.
  • the vehicle is a work vehicle, such a bus or a truck.
  • the vehicle comprises an electric engine 1 for propulsion of the vehicle, a battery 2 for provision of electric energy to the electric engine 1 , said battery being rechargeable, a recharging system 3 for recharging of the battery 2, a cooling system 4 for cooling of the battery 2, and a control unit 5 for controlling the operation of the cooling system 4.
  • the recharging system 3 which comprises electric components by means of which the battery 2 may be recharged with an effect which is several times, typically more than three times, the maximum output of the electric engine, in order to enable very rapid recharging of the battery.
  • the recharging system has a maximum recharging effect Erec hargemax .
  • Limiting factors of E rechargemax are the properties and capabilities of the components of the recharging system, in combination with the limitation of any charging apparatus to which the recharging system is connected during recharging.
  • the cooling system 4 comprises a first cooling circuit 6 in which a coolant is circulated and subjected to heat exchange with ambient air in a first heat exchanger 7, and is subjected to heat exchange with the battery 2.
  • the first heat exchanger 7 comprises a radiator in front of which there is provided a fan 8 for blowing ambient air towards the radiator 7.
  • a pump 9 is provided in the first cooling circuit 6 for circulating the coolant through the first cooling circuit 6.
  • a controllable valve 18 is also provided in the first cooling circuit 6 for the purpose of enabling control of the coolant flow rate in said circuit 6.
  • the cooling system 4 also comprises an AC-circuit 10, which comprises a compressor 1 1 , a condenser 12, an expansion valve 13 and an evaporator 14 through which a refrigerant that is circulated through the AC-circuit 10 exchanges heat with the coolant circulating through the first cooling circuit 6.
  • the cooling system 4 has a maximum cooling effect E coo i max, which is dependent of ambient temperature.
  • the battery 2 may be any kind of battery that is suitable for providing sufficient electric power to the electric engine 1 for propulsion of the vehicle over a predetermined time.
  • the battery 2 has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max , which is a predetermined percentage of the absolute maximum state of charge of the battery.
  • the allowable state of charge has to be lower than the absolute state of charge, since recharge to the latter would inevitably result in a premature and rapid degradation of the battery. Accordingly, the maximum allowable state of charge S O C max is a question of balance between charging capacity and life time of the battery 2.
  • the battery 2 also has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max, above which premature and rapid degradation of the battery will take place.
  • the vehicle further comprises a sensor 15 for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery 2.
  • a sensor 15 for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery 2.
  • the control unit 5 is connected to the sensor 15 for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery 2.
  • the vehicle also comprises a sensor 16 for continually evaluating the state of charge SOC of the battery 2, and a sensor 17 for continually measuring the ambient temperature.
  • the control unit 5 is connected to the sensor16 for continually measuring the state of charge SOC of the battery 2.
  • the control unit 5 is connected to the sensor 17 for measuring the ambient temperature and is configured to continually determine the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of the measured ambient temperature.
  • the control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect E CO oi of the cooling system 4 such that, in each moment during operation of the vehicle, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and Said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
  • control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system 4 such that, in each moment during operation of the vehicle, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying less than 90% of said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and Said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
  • control unit 5 comprises suitable computer software and hardware that enables the computer to control the operation of components essential for the operation of the cooling system, such as the fan 8, the pump 9, the compressor 1 1 and, possibly, the expansion valve 13, and possible further valves and/or pumps, on basis of information received from the above- mentioned sensors 15, 16, 17.
  • the continual control of the temperature of battery 2 is achieved by means of PI regulation or PID regulation performed by the control unit 5.
  • the vehicle carries or is connected to a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and to predict the ambient temperature and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle and temperature, predict at which state of charge S O C of the battery that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect E rech a rg e max up to maximum allowable state of charge S O C max will be expected.
  • the control unit 5 carries or is connected to said computer program product. Accordingly, the control unit 5 may be configured to collect data from databases regarding route maps, weather conditions etc. that may affect the power consumption, operation time etc. of the vehicle such that recharging timing can be predicted on basis thereof.
  • control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying said maximum recharging effect E rechargemax and less than 100%, preferably less than 90%, of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A vehicle having a control unit (5), which is configured to control a cooling effect Ecool of a cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, a battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOC max while applying a maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and a maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.

Description

A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, and a vehicle
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, said vehicle comprising: an electric engine for propulsion of the vehicle, a battery for provision of electric energy to the electric engine, said battery being rechargeable, recharging system for recharging of the battery, a cooling system for cooling of the battery, and a control unit for controlling the operation of the cooling system, wherein the recharging system has a maximum recharging effect Erechargemax, the cooling system has a maximum cooling effect E coo i max , which is dependent of ambient temperature, the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max , and the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax, wherein said method comprises the steps of: continually measuring the temperature T battery of the battery, continually measuring the state of charge S O C of the battery, and continually measuring the ambient temperature and determining the maximum cooling effect E coo i max on basis thereof.
The invention also relates to such a vehicle.
BACKGROUND
Vehicles using electric engines for their propulsion comprise at least one rechargeable battery for the storage of electric energy to the electric engine. In particular for vehicles that are intended for professional use, such as lorries and busses, it is very important that the battery can be charged rapidly in order to avoid excessive stand-still of the vehicle. Therefore, the battery recharging system of such vehicles is dimensioned for allowing a very high recharging power, in the range of several times the maximum output of the electrical engine. However, when the battery is subjected to such high recharging power, the temperature of the battery will rise as a consequence thereof. If the battery temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature, unwanted degradation of the battery will occur. Therefore, battery temperature control is becoming increasingly important as maximum recharging powers are becoming increasingly higher.
Vehicles may therefore be provided with a cooling system configured for controlling the temperature of the battery during operation of the electric engine, and also during recharging of the battery. For example the cooling system may comprise a cooling circuit filled with a coolant, and a radiator and a heat exchanger via which the coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere. The cooling system may also include an AC-system in which a refrigerant is compressed and used for exchanging heat with said coolant, in a way known per se. As a further alternative or supplement, the cooling system may comprise an air cooling system in which ambient air is used to directly cool the battery.
However, the cooling system is normally primarily dimensioned to cope with the heat increase of the battery caused by the operation of the engine, which, as mentioned above, may be much lower than the maximum recharging power enabled by the recharging system. Recharging times may therefore be affected by the maximum output of the cooling system rather than the maximum recharging power of the battery recharging system.
After recharging, which result in a battery temperature increase, there is also a need of cooling the battery to a suitable operation temperature. A suppression of the fluctuation of the operation of the cooling system is also preferred and will lead to lower noise levels caused by the cooling system and a lower total energy consumption of the vehicle.
THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to present a method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle as described hereinabove such that recharging of a battery that feeds the electric engine with electric power may be performed up to a maximum allowable state of charge S O C max , with use of the maximum recharging effect of the recharging system without overheating the battery.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is achieved by means of the method defined hereinabove, which is characterized in that it comprises the step of
-controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature T batte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
In other words, during operation of the vehicle, and the electric engine, the battery is cooled to such an extent that, if recharging is suddenly performed with maximum recharging effect Erechargemax, the battery temperature shall be so low that, based on a knowledge of the relation between Erechargemax and Ecooimax of the vehicle in question, and the resulting battery temperature increase per % of increased state of charge SOC from a predetermined state of charge up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax, the maximum allowable temperature Tmax of the battery shall not be exceeded. According to one embodiment, Ecooimax < Ebatteryioss, wherein Ebatteryioss, is the energy that upon recharging with application of Erechargemax forms heat in the battery. In other words, the cooling system is unable of preventing an increase of the temperature of the battery upon recharging at Erechargemax. Therefore, planning of cooling in accordance with the teaching of the present invention will be an advantage in order to avoid overheating of the battery and avoid having an unnecessarily powerful cooling system and/or avoiding a premature stop of recharging before SOCmax is achieved.
The battery may have a predetermined minimum allowable operation temperature Tmin. According to one embodiment Ecooimax shall be dimensioned such that it enables recharging from SOC=0 and Tmin to SOCmax with application of Erechargemax and Ecooimax without Tbattery exceeding Tmax during said recharging. In such a case the cooling system will be able of keeping the temperature of the battery within the range from Tmin to Tmax and still allow maximum recharging effect to be applied upon recharging. According to one embodiment, the cooling system is dimensioned such that it is able of cooling the battery to Tmin during any operation condition, i.e. upon propulsion of the vehicle by means of the electrical engine.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature T batte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max . Accordingly, the temperature is controlled to such a level that the cooling system does need to operate at full effect in order to achieve the above-mentioned target.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect E COoi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature T batte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. According to yet another embodiment, the method comprises the step of
-controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature T batte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: - predicting an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle,
-predicting at which state of charge S O C of the battery that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect E rech a rg e max up to maximum allowable state of charge S O C max will be expected, and
-controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax . Prediction may be based on any of predicted travel route, predicted travel speed, predicted driving characteristic (aggressive, less aggressive etc.), and load carried by vehicle. The prediction of the timing of the recharging makes it possible to control the temperature such that it is at a sufficiently low level to allow less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max specifically at the assumed (predicted) time of recharging. In that way a somewhat higher temperature, that will require 100% of E coo i max , can be accepted for other parts of the travel than immediately before the predicted timing of the recharging. According to one embodiment, the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max . According to one embodiment, the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of -predicting the ambient temperature,
-predicting the maximum cooling effect E cooi max on basis of the predicted ambient temperature, and
- controlling the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said predicted maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. Predicting the maximum cooling effect E coo i max at the predicted time (or more precisely SOC) of recharging will improve the possibility of controlling the temperature to exactly the right level at the predicted time of start of recharging, also with regard taken to the ambient temperature, and thereby maximum cooling effect E cooi max , that can be expected at the time of start of and during recharging.
According to one embodiment, the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max . According to one embodiment, the temperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
The object of the invention is also achieved by means of a vehicle comprising
-an electric engine for propulsion of the vehicle,
-a battery for provision of electric energy to the electric engine, said battery being rechargeable,
-a recharging system for recharging of the battery,
-a cooling system for cooling of the battery, and
-a control unit for controlling the operation of the cooling system, wherein
-the recharging system has a maximum recharging effect
E rech a rg e max ,
-the cooling system has a maximum cooling effect E cooi max , which is dependent of ambient temperature,
-the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max ,
-the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max, and wherein the vehicle further comprises - a sensor for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery,
- a sensor for continually measuring the state of charge SOC of the battery,
- a sensor for continually measuring the ambient temperature, wherein in the control unit is configured to continually determine the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of the measured ambient temperature, said vehicle being characterized in that said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, said control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, the vehicle is characterized in that it comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle, predict at which state of charge S O C of the battery that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect Erechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge S O C max will be expected. Prediction may be based on any of predicted travel route, predicted travel speed, predicted driving characteristic (aggressive, less aggressive etc.), and load carried by vehicle. According to one embodiment, the control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than 100%, or less than 95%, or less than 90%, of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, the vehicle comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict the ambient temperature.
According to one embodiment, the control unit is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than 100% of said predicted maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
According to one embodiment, the cooling system comprises a cooling circuit filled with a coolant, and a heat exchanger via which the coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere. The cooling system may also include an AC-system in which a refrigerant is compressed and used for exchanging heat with said coolant, in a way known per se. As a further alternative or supplement, the cooling system may comprise an air cooling system in which ambient air is used to directly cool the battery.
The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising computer program code for causing a computer to implement a method as defined hereinabove when the computer program is executed in the computer.
The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising a non-tranistory data storage medium which can be read by a computer and on which the program code of a computer program as defined hereinabove is stored.
The invention also relates to an electronic control unit of a motor vehicle comprising an execution means and a data storage medium which is connected to the execution means and on which the computer program code of a computer program as defined hereinabove.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will be presented in the following detailed description of embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the following , a detailed description of an embodiment of the invention is presented with reference to the annexed drawing, on which :
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of parts of a vehicle according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODI MENTS Fig. 1 shows parts of a vehicle according to the present invention that are essential to the present invention. According to one embodiment, the vehicle is a work vehicle, such a bus or a truck.
The vehicle comprises an electric engine 1 for propulsion of the vehicle, a battery 2 for provision of electric energy to the electric engine 1 , said battery being rechargeable, a recharging system 3 for recharging of the battery 2, a cooling system 4 for cooling of the battery 2, and a control unit 5 for controlling the operation of the cooling system 4. The recharging system 3 which comprises electric components by means of which the battery 2 may be recharged with an effect which is several times, typically more than three times, the maximum output of the electric engine, in order to enable very rapid recharging of the battery. The recharging system has a maximum recharging effect Erechargemax. Limiting factors of Erechargemax are the properties and capabilities of the components of the recharging system, in combination with the limitation of any charging apparatus to which the recharging system is connected during recharging.
The cooling system 4 comprises a first cooling circuit 6 in which a coolant is circulated and subjected to heat exchange with ambient air in a first heat exchanger 7, and is subjected to heat exchange with the battery 2. The first heat exchanger 7 comprises a radiator in front of which there is provided a fan 8 for blowing ambient air towards the radiator 7. A pump 9 is provided in the first cooling circuit 6 for circulating the coolant through the first cooling circuit 6. A controllable valve 18 is also provided in the first cooling circuit 6 for the purpose of enabling control of the coolant flow rate in said circuit 6.
In the embodiment shown, the cooling system 4 also comprises an AC-circuit 10, which comprises a compressor 1 1 , a condenser 12, an expansion valve 13 and an evaporator 14 through which a refrigerant that is circulated through the AC-circuit 10 exchanges heat with the coolant circulating through the first cooling circuit 6. As a result of the design of the cooling system 4, the cooling system 4 has a maximum cooling effect E coo i max, which is dependent of ambient temperature. The battery 2 may be any kind of battery that is suitable for providing sufficient electric power to the electric engine 1 for propulsion of the vehicle over a predetermined time. The battery 2 has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max , which is a predetermined percentage of the absolute maximum state of charge of the battery. In contemporary batteries, the allowable state of charge has to be lower than the absolute state of charge, since recharge to the latter would inevitably result in a premature and rapid degradation of the battery. Accordingly, the maximum allowable state of charge S O C max is a question of balance between charging capacity and life time of the battery 2. The battery 2 also has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max, above which premature and rapid degradation of the battery will take place.
The vehicle further comprises a sensor 15 for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery 2. There may be more than one sensor provided for the purpose sensing the battery temperature at different locations of the battery 2. The control unit 5 is connected to the sensor 15 for continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery 2.
The vehicle also comprises a sensor 16 for continually evaluating the state of charge SOC of the battery 2, and a sensor 17 for continually measuring the ambient temperature. The control unit 5 is connected to the sensor16 for continually measuring the state of charge SOC of the battery 2.
The control unit 5 is connected to the sensor 17 for measuring the ambient temperature and is configured to continually determine the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of the measured ambient temperature.
The control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect ECOoi of the cooling system 4 such that, in each moment during operation of the vehicle, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and Said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system 4 such that, in each moment during operation of the vehicle, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying less than 90% of said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and Said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. For this purpose, the control unit 5 comprises suitable computer software and hardware that enables the computer to control the operation of components essential for the operation of the cooling system, such as the fan 8, the pump 9, the compressor 1 1 and, possibly, the expansion valve 13, and possible further valves and/or pumps, on basis of information received from the above- mentioned sensors 15, 16, 17. Typically, the continual control of the temperature of battery 2 is achieved by means of PI regulation or PID regulation performed by the control unit 5.
According to one embodiment the vehicle carries or is connected to a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and to predict the ambient temperature and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle and temperature, predict at which state of charge S O C of the battery that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect E rech a rg e max up to maximum allowable state of charge S O C max will be expected. The control unit 5 carries or is connected to said computer program product. Accordingly, the control unit 5 may be configured to collect data from databases regarding route maps, weather conditions etc. that may affect the power consumption, operation time etc. of the vehicle such that recharging timing can be predicted on basis thereof.
According to one embodiment, the control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system such that, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than 100%, preferably less than 90%, of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.

Claims

1 . A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, said vehicle comprising,
-an electric engine (1 ) for propulsion of the vehicle,
-a battery (2) for provision of electric energy to the electric engine (1 ), said battery (2) being rechargeable,
-a recharging system (3) for recharging of the battery (2),
-a cooling system (4) for cooling of the battery (2), and
-a control unit (5) for controlling the operation of the cooling system (4),
wherein
-the recharging system (3) has a maximum recharging effect
E rech a rg e max ,
-the cooling system (4) has a maximum cooling effect E coo i max , which is dependent of ambient temperature,
-the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max ,
-the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max , wherein said method comprises the steps of: -continually measuring the temperature Tbatte ry of the battery (2), -continually measuring the state of charge SOC of the battery (2), -continually measuring the ambient temperature and determining the maximum cooling effect E coo i max on basis thereof, said method being characterized in that it comprises the step of
-controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
2. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises the step of
-controlling the cooling effect E COoi of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E cooi max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
3. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises the step of
-controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
4. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises the step of
-controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- predicting an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle,
-predicting at which state of charge SOC of the battery (2) that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect Erechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax will be expected, and
-controlling the cooling effect ECOoi of the cooling system (4) such that, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises the step of
-predicting the ambient temperature,
-predicting the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of the predicted ambient temperature, and - controlling the cooling effect E cooi of the cooling system (4) such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said predicted maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
7. A vehicle comprising
-an electric engine (1 ) for propulsion of the vehicle,
-a battery (2) for provision of electric energy to the electric engine, said battery (2) being rechargeable,
-a recharging system (3) for recharging of the battery (2),
-a cooling system (4) for cooling of the battery (2), and
-a control unit (5) for controlling the operation of the cooling system (4),
wherein
-the recharging system (3) has a maximum recharging effect
E rech a rg e max ,
-the cooling system (4) has a maximum cooling effect E coo i max , which is dependent of ambient temperature,
-the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max ,
-the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max, and wherein the vehicle further comprises
- a sensor (15) for continually measuring the temperature T batte ry of the battery (2), - a sensor (16) for continually measuring the state of charge SOC of the battery (2),
- a sensor (17) for continually measuring the ambient temperature, wherein in the control unit (5) is configured to continually determine the maximum cooling effect E coo i max on basis of the measured ambient temperature, said vehicle being characterized in that said control unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect E rech arg e max and said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature
T max-
8. A vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that said control unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
9. A vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that said control unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
10. A vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that said control unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
1 1 . A vehicle according to any one of claims 7-10, characterized in that it comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle, predict at which state of charge S O C of the battery (2) that recharging with application of maximum recharging effect Erechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge S O C max will be expected .
12. A vehicle according to clam 1 1 , characterized in that the control unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect E COo i of the cooling system (4) such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature T battery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than 100% of said maximum cooling effect E coo i max is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
13. A vehicle according to any one of claims 7-12, characterized in that it comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict the ambient temperature.
14. A vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that the control unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect E coo i of the cooling system (4) such that, at said predicted state of charge S O C at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbatte ry is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge S O C max while applying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than 100% of said predicted maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature T batte ry does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature T max .
15. A vehicle according to any one of claims 7-14, characterized in that the cooling system (4) comprises a cooling circuit (6) filled with a coolant, a heat exchanger (7) via which the coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere.
16. A computer program product comprising computer program code for causing a computer to implement a method according to any one claims 1 -6 when the computer program is executed in the computer.
17. A computer program product comprising a non-tranistory data storage medium which can be read by a computer and on which the program code of a computer program according to calim 16 is stored.
18. An electronic control unit of a motor vehicle comprising an execution means and a data storage medium which is connected to the execution means and on which the computer program code of a computer program according to claim 10 is stored.
PCT/SE2020/050195 2019-02-26 2020-02-20 A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, and a vehicle WO2020176027A1 (en)

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GB2608615A (en) 2021-07-06 2023-01-11 Daimler Truck AG Thermal system with integrated valve device for an electric vehicle

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