SE543330C2 - A method of controlling a battery cooling system of a vehicle comprising an electric propulsion engine, and a vehicle - Google Patents

A method of controlling a battery cooling system of a vehicle comprising an electric propulsion engine, and a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
SE543330C2
SE543330C2 SE1950245A SE1950245A SE543330C2 SE 543330 C2 SE543330 C2 SE 543330C2 SE 1950245 A SE1950245 A SE 1950245A SE 1950245 A SE1950245 A SE 1950245A SE 543330 C2 SE543330 C2 SE 543330C2
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SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
battery
recharging
maximum
temperature
maximum allowable
Prior art date
Application number
SE1950245A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
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SE1950245A1 (en
Inventor
Ola Hall
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to SE1950245A priority Critical patent/SE543330C2/en
Priority to DE112020000417.1T priority patent/DE112020000417T5/en
Priority to PCT/SE2020/050195 priority patent/WO2020176027A1/en
Priority to CN202080007576.4A priority patent/CN113226835A/en
Publication of SE1950245A1 publication Critical patent/SE1950245A1/en
Publication of SE543330C2 publication Critical patent/SE543330C2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A vehicle having a control unit (5), which is configured to control a cooling effect Ecool of a cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, a battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax while applying a maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and a maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed a predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.

Description

The present invention relates to method of controlling a coolingsystem of a vehicle, said vehicle comprising: an electric engine forpropulsion of the vehicle, a battery for provision of electric energyto the electric engine, said battery being rechargeable, rechargingsystem for recharging of the battery, a cooling system for coolingofthe battery, and a control unit for controlling the operation ofthecooling system, wherein the recharging system has a maximumrecharging effect Erechargemax, the cooling system has a maximumcooling effect Ecooimax, which is dependent of ambient temperature,the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX, and the battery has a predetermined maximumallowable operation temperature Tmax, wherein said methodcomprises the steps of: continually measuring the temperatureTbattery of the battery, continually measuring the state of chargeSOC of the battery, and continually measuring the ambienttemperature and determining the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis thereof.
The invention also relates to such a vehicle.
BACKGROUND Vehicles using electric engines for their propulsion comprise atleast one rechargeable battery for the storage of electric energy tothe electric engine. ln particular for vehicles that are intended for professional use, such as lorries and busses, it is very important that the battery can be charged rapidly in order to avoid excessivestand-still of the vehicle. Therefore, the battery recharging systemof such vehicles is dimensioned for allowing a very high rechargingpower, in the range of several times the maximum output of theelectrical engine. However, when the battery is subjected to suchhigh recharging power, the temperature of the battery will rise asa consequence thereof. lf the battery temperature exceeds apredetermined maximum allowable operation temperature,unwanted degradation of the battery will occur. Therefore, batterytemperature control is becoming increasingly important as maximum recharging powers are becoming increasingly higher.
Vehicles may therefore be provided with a cooling systemconfigured for controlling the temperature of the battery duringoperation of the electric engine, and also during recharging of thebattery. For example the cooling system may comprise a coolingcircuit filled with a coolant, and a radiator and a heat exchangervia which the coolant exchanges heat with the surroundingatmosphere. The cooling system may also include an AC-systemin which a refrigerant is compressed and used for exchanging heatwith said coolant, in a way known per se. As a further alternativeor supplement, the cooling system may comprise an air cooling system in which ambient air is used to directly cool the battery.
However, the cooling system is normally primarily dimensioned tocope with the heat increase of the battery caused by the operationofthe engine, which, as mentioned above, may be much lower thanthe maximum recharging power enabled by the recharging system.
Recharging times may therefore be affected by the maximum output of the cooling system rather than the maximum recharging power of the battery recharging system.
After recharging, which result in a battery temperature increase,there is also a need of cooling the battery to a suitable operationtemperature. A suppression of the fluctuation of the operation ofthe cooling system is also preferred and will lead to lower noiselevels caused by the cooling system and a lower total energy consumption of the vehicle.
THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION lt is an object of the invention to present a method of controlling acooling system of a vehicle as described hereinabove such thatrecharging of a battery that feeds the electric engine with electricpower may be performed up to a maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX, with use of the maximum recharging effect of the recharging system without overheating the battery.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is achieved by means of the methoddefined hereinabove, which is characterized in that it comprisesthe step of -controlling the cooling effect Ecool of the cooling system such that,in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattefy is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. ln other words, during operation of the vehicle, and the electricengine, the battery is cooled to such an extent that, if rechargingis suddenly performed with maximum recharging effect Erechargemax,the battery temperature shall be so low that, based on a knowledgeof the relation between Erechargemax and Ecooimax of the vehicle inquestion, and the resulting battery temperature increase per % ofincreased state of charge SOC from a predetermined state ofcharge up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmax, themaximum allowable temperature Tmax of the battery shall not beexceeded.
According to one embodiment, Ecooimax < Ebaneryioss, whereinEbaneryioss, is the energy that upon recharging with application ofErechargemax forms heat in the battery. ln other words, the coolingsystem is unable of preventing an increase of the temperature ofthe battery upon recharging at Erechargemax. Therefore, planning ofcooling in accordance with the teaching of the present inventionwill be an advantage in order to avoid overheating of the batteryand avoid having an unnecessarily powerful cooling system and/oravoiding a premature stop of recharging before SOCmax is achieved.
The battery may have a predetermined minimum allowableoperation temperature Tmin. According to one embodiment Ecooimaxshall be dimensioned such that it enables recharging from SOC=Oand Tmin to SOCmax with application of Erechargemax and Ecooimax without Tbattery exceeding Tmax during said recharging. ln such a case the cooling system will be able of keeping the temperature ofthe battery within the range from Tmin to Tmax and still allowmaximum recharging effect to be applied upon recharging.According to one embodiment, the cooling system is dimensionedsuch that it is able of cooling the battery to Tmin during anyoperation condition, i.e. upon propulsion of the vehicle by means of the electrical engine.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that,in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattefy is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximumcooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition thatthe battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed saidpredetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.Accordingly, the temperature is controlled to such a level that thecooling system does need to operate at full effect in order to achieve the above-mentioned target.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that,in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattefy is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximumcooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition thatthe battery does not exceed said temperature Tbattery predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to yet another embodiment, the method comprises thestep of -controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that,in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattefy is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximumcooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition thatthe battery does not exceed said temperature Tbattery predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:- predicting an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, onbasis of said predicted operation cycle, -predicting at which state of charge SOC of the battery thatrecharging with application of maximum recharging effectErechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX willbe expected, and -controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that,at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging isexpected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at whichrecharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effectErechafgemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum coolingeffect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that thebattery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predeterminedmaximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. Prediction may bebased on any of predicted travel route, predicted travel speed, predicted driving characteristic (aggressive, less aggressive etc.), and load carried by vehicle. The prediction of the timing of therecharging makes it possible to control the temperature such thatit is at a sufficiently low level to allow less than 100% of saidmaximum cooling effect Ecooimax specifically at the assumed(predicted) time of recharging. ln that way a somewhat highertemperature, that will require 100% of Ecooimax, can be accepted forother parts of the travel than immediately before the predictedtiming of the recharging. According to one embodiment, thetemperature is controlled such that, at the moment of start of thepredicted recharging, less than 95% of said maximum coolingeffect Ecooimax is sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that thebattery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predeterminedmaximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. According to oneembodiment, the temperature is controlled such that, at themoment of start of the predicted recharging, less than 90% of saidmaximum cooling effect Ecooimax is sufficient in order to fulfill thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of-predicting the ambient temperature, -predicting the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of thepredicted ambient temperature, and - controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system suchthat, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging isexpected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at whichrecharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effect100% maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the and applying less than of said predicted Erechargemax condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed saidpredetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.Predicting the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax at the predictedtime (or more precisely SOC) of recharging will improve thepossibility of controlling the temperature to exactly the right levelat the predicted time of start of recharging, also with regard takento the ambient temperature, and thereby maximum cooling effectEcooimax, that can be expected at the time of start of and during recharging.
According to one embodiment, the temperature is controlled suchthat, at the moment of start of the predicted recharging, less than95% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is sufficient in orderto fulfill the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does notexceed said predetermined maximum allowable operationtemperature Tmax. According to one embodiment, the temperatureis controlled such that, at the moment of start of the predictedrecharging, less than 90% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimaxis sufficient in order to fulfill the condition that the batterytemperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
The object of the invention is also achieved by means of a vehiclecomprising -an electric engine for propulsion of the vehicle, -a battery for provision of electric energy to the electric engine,said battery being rechargeable, -a recharging system for recharging of the battery, -a cooling system for cooling of the battery, and -a control unit for controlling the operation of the cooling system, wherein -the recharging system has a maximum recharging effect Erechargemax, -the cooling system has a maximum cooling effect Ecooimax, whichis dependent of ambient temperature, -the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX, -the battery has a predetermined maximum allowable operationtemperature Tmax, and wherein the vehicle further comprises - a sensor for continually measuring the temperature Tbauery of thebattery, - a sensor for continually measuring the state of charge SOC ofthe battery, - a sensor for continually measuring the ambient temperature,wherein in the control unit is configured to continually determinethe maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax on basis of the measuredambient temperature, said vehicle being characterized in that saidcontrol unit is configured to control the cooling effect Ecool of thecooling system such that, in each moment, the battery temperatureTbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and saidmaximum cooling effect Ecoolmax is enabled while fulfilling thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, said control unit is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecool of the cooling system such that, ineach moment, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of said maximumcooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition thatthe battery does not exceed said temperature Tbattery predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, said control unit is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that, ineach moment, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of said maximumcooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition thatthe battery does not exceed said temperature Tbattery predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, said control unit is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that, ineach moment, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of said maximumcooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition thatthe battery does not exceed said temperature Tbattery predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the vehicle is characterized in thatit comprises a computer program product that comprises a computer program that comprises a prediction model configured to 11 predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basisof said predicted operation cycle, predict at which state of chargeSOC of the battery that recharging with application of maximumrecharging effect Erechargemax up to maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX will be expected. Prediction may be based on anyof predicted travel route, predicted travel speed, predicted drivingcharacteristic (aggressive, less aggressive etc.), and load carried by vehicle.
According to one embodiment, the control unit is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that, atsaid predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging isexpected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at whichrecharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effectErechafgemax and less than 100%, or less than 95%, or less than90%, of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled whilefulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does notexceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the vehicle comprises a computerthat comprises a prediction model configured to predict the ambient program product that comprises a computer program temperature.
According to one embodiment, the control unit is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that, atsaid predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which 12 recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effectErechafgemax and less than 100% of said predicted maximum coolingeffect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that thebattery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the cooling system comprises acooling circuit filled with a coolant, and a heat exchanger via whichthe coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere. Thecooling system may also include an AC-system in which arefrigerant is compressed and used for exchanging heat with saidcoolant, in a way known per se. As a further alternative orsupplement, the cooling system may comprise an air coolingsystem in which ambient air is used to directly cool the battery.
The invention also relates to a computer program productcomprising computer program code for causing a computer toimplement a method as defined hereinabove when the computer program is executed in the computer.
The comprising a non-tranistory data storage medium which can be invention also relates to a computer program productread by a computer and on which the program code of a computer program as defined hereinabove is stored.
The invention also relates to an electronic control unit of a motorvehicle comprising an execution means and a data storage medium which is connected to the execution means and on which 13 the computer program code of a computer program as defined hereinabove.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will be presented in the following detailed description of embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING ln the following, a detailed description of an embodiment of theinvention is presented with reference to the annexed drawing, onwhich: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of parts of a vehicle according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 shows parts of a vehicle according to the present inventionthat are essential to the present invention. According to one embodiment, the vehicle is a work vehicle, such a bus or a truck.
The vehicle comprises an electric engine 1 for propulsion of thevehicle, a battery 2 for provision of electric energy to the electricengine 1, said battery being rechargeable, a recharging system 3for recharging of the battery 2, a cooling system 4 for cooling ofthe battery 2, and a control unit 5 for controlling the operation of the cooling system 4. 14 The recharging system 3 which comprises electric components bymeans of which the battery 2 may be recharged with an effectwhich is several times, typically more than three times, themaximum output of the electric engine, in order to enable veryrapid recharging of the battery. The recharging system has arecharging effect Limiting factors of maXimUm Erechargemax- Erechargemax are the properties and capabilities of the componentsof the recharging system, in combination with the limitation of anycharging apparatus to which the recharging system is connected during recharging.
The cooling system 4 comprises a first cooling circuit 6 in which acoolant is circulated and subjected to heat exchange with ambientair in a first heat exchanger 7, and is subjected to heat exchangewith the battery 2. The first heat exchanger 7 comprises a radiatorin front of which there is provided a fan 8 for blowing ambient airtowards the radiator 7. A pump 9 is provided in the first coolingcircuit 6 for circulating the coolant through the first cooling circuit6. A controllable valve 18 is also provided in the first cooling circuit6 for the purpose of enabling control of the coolant flow rate in said circuit 6. ln the embodiment shown, the cooling system 4 also comprises anAC-circuit 10, which comprises a compressor11, a condenser 12,an expansion valve 13 and an evaporator 14 through which arefrigerant that is circulated through the AC-circuit 10 exchanges heat with the coolant circulating through the first cooling circuit 6.
As a result of the design of the cooling system 4, the coolingsystem 4 has a maximum cooling effect Ecooimax, which is dependent of ambient temperature.
The battery 2 may be any kind of battery that is suitable forproviding sufficient electric power to the electric engine 1 forpropulsion of the vehicle over a predetermined time. The battery 2has a predetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX,which is a predetermined percentage of the absolute maximumstate of charge of the battery. ln contemporary batteries, theallowable state of charge has to be lower than the absolute stateof charge, since recharge to the latter would inevitably result in apremature and rapid degradation of the battery. Accordingly, themaximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX is a question ofbalance between charging capacity and life time of the battery 2.
The battery 2 also has a predetermined maximum allowableoperation temperature Tmax, above which premature and rapid degradation of the battery will take place.
The vehicle further comprises a sensor 15 for continuallymeasuring the temperature Tbattery of the battery 2. There may bemore than one sensor provided for the purpose sensing the batterytemperature at different locations of the battery 2. The control unit5 is connected to the sensor 15 for continually measuring the temperature Tbattery of the battery 2.
The vehicle also comprises a sensor 16 for continually evaluatingthe state of charge SOC of the battery 2, and a sensor 17 for continually measuring the ambient temperature. The control unit 5 16 is connected to the sensor16 for continually measuring the stateof charge SOC of the battery 2.
The control unit 5 is connected to the sensor 17 for measuring theambient temperature and is configured to continually determinethe maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of the measured ambient temperature.
The control unit 5 is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooiof the cooling system 4 such that, in each moment during operationof the vehicle, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax isenabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperatureTbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
According to one embodiment, the control unit 5 is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system 4 such that,in each moment during operation of the vehicle, the batterytemperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying less than 90% Erechargemax and said maximum cooling effect Ecoomax is enabled of said maximum recharging effect while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatterydoes not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax. 17 For this purpose, the control unit 5 comprises suitable computersoftware and hardware that enables the computer to control theoperation of components essential for the operation of the coolingsystem, such as the fan 8, the pump 9, the compressor 11and,possib|y, the expansion valve 13, and possible further valvesand/or pumps, on basis of information received from the above-mentioned sensors 15, 16, 17. Typically, the continual control ofthe temperature of battery 2 is achieved by means of Pl regulation or PID regulation performed by the control unit 5.
According to one embodiment the vehicle carries or is connectedto a computer program product that comprises a computer programthat comprises a prediction model configured to predict anupcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and to predict the ambienttemperature and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle andtemperature, predict at which state of charge SOC of the batterythat recharging with application of maximum recharging effectErechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX willbe expected. The control unit 5 carries or is connected to saidcomputer program product. Accordingly, the control unit 5 may beconfigured to collect data from databases regarding route maps,weather conditions etc. that may affect the power consumption,operation time etc. of the vehicle such that recharging timing can be predicted on basis thereof.
According to one embodiment, the control unit 5 is configured tocontrol the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system such that, atsaid predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging isexpected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state of 18 charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effectErechafgemax and less than 100%, preferably less than 90%, of saidmaximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.

Claims (18)

1. A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, saidvehicle comprising, -an electric engine (1) for propulsion of the vehicle, -a battery (2) for provision of electric energy to the electric engine(1), said battery (2) being rechargeable, -a recharging system (3) for recharging of the battery (2), -a cooling system (4) for cooling of the battery (2), and -a control unit (5) for controlling the operation of the coolingsystem (4), wherein -the recharging system (3) has a maximum recharging effectErechargemax, -the cooling system (4) has a maximum cooling effect Ecooimax,which is dependent of ambient temperature, -the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX, - Ecooimax < Ebaueryioss, wherein Ebaueryioss, is the energy that uponrecharging with application of Erechargemax forms heat in the battery,-the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable operationtemperature Tmax, wherein said method comprises the steps of:-continually measuring a temperature Tbanery of the battery (2),-continually measuring a state of charge SOC of the battery (2),-continually measuring the ambient temperature and determiningthe maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis thereof, said methodbeing characterized in that it comprises the step of -cooling the battery (2), during operation of the vehicle and theelectric engine, by controlling a cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applyingsaid maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that itcomprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect Ecool of the cooling system (4) suchthat, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbauery is below alimit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximumallowable state of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximumrecharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 100% of saidmaximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that itcomprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect Ecool of the cooling system (4) suchthat, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbauery is below alimit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximumallowable state of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximumrecharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 95% of saidmaximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that itcomprises the step of -controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system (4) suchthat, in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattery is below alimit at which recharging up to said predetermined maximumallowable state of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximumrecharging effect Erechargemax and applying less than 90% of saidmaximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling thecondition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that itcomprises the steps of: - predicting an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, onbasis of said predicted operation cycle, -predicting at which state of charge SOC of the battery (2) thatrecharging with application of maximum recharging effectErechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX willbe expected, and -controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system (4) suchthat, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging isexpected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at whichrecharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effectErechafgemax and applying less than 100% of said maximum coolingeffect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that thebattery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that itcomprises the step of -predicting the ambient temperature, -predicting the maximum cooling effect Ecooimax on basis of thepredicted ambient temperature, and - controlling the cooling effect Ecooi of the cooling system (4) suchthat, at said predicted state of charge SOC at which recharging isexpected, the battery temperature Tbattery is below a limit at whichrecharging up to said predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX while applying said maximum recharging effect100% maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the Erechafgemax and applying less than of said predicted condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
7. A vehicle comprising -an electric engine (1) for propulsion of the vehicle, -a battery (2) for provision of electric energy to the electric engine,said battery (2) being rechargeable, -a recharging system (3) for recharging of the battery (2), -a cooling system (4) for cooling of the battery (2), and -a control unit (5) for controlling the operation of the coolingsystem (4), wherein -the recharging system (3) has a maximum recharging effectErechargemax, -the cooling system (4) has a maximum cooling effect Ecooimax,which is dependent of ambient temperature, -the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable state ofcharge SOCmaX, - Ecooimax < Ebaueryioss, wherein Ebaueryioss, is the energy that uponrecharging with application of Erechargemax forms heat in the battery,-the battery (2) has a predetermined maximum allowable operationtemperature Tmax, and wherein the vehicle further comprises - a sensor (15) for continually measuring a temperature Tbauery ofthe battery (2), - a sensor (16) for continually measuring a state of charge SOC ofthe battery (2), - a sensor (17) for continually measuring the ambient temperature,unit (5) determine the maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax on basis of the wherein in the control is configured to continuallymeasured ambient temperature, said vehicle being characterizedin that said control unit (5) is configured to cool the battery (2),during operation of the vehicle and the electric engine, bycontrolling a cooling effect Ecool of the cooling system (4) such that,in each moment, the battery temperature Tbattefy is below a limit atwhich recharging up to said predetermined maximum allowablestate of charge SOCmaX while applying said maximum rechargingeffect Erechargemax and said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax isenabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperatureTbattery does not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
8. A vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that saidcontrol unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi ofthe cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the batterytemperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applyingless than 100% of said maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbauerydoes not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
9. A vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that saidcontrol unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi ofthe cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the batterytemperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applyingless than 95% of said maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax is enabledwhile fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatterydoes not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
10. A vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that saidcontrol unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi ofthe cooling system (4) such that, in each moment, the batterytemperature Tbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and applyingless than 90% of said maximum cooling effect Ecoolmax is enabledwhile fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbatterydoes not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
11. A vehicle according to any one of claims 7-10, characterizedin that it comprises a computer program product that comprises acomputer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict an upcoming operation cycle of the vehicle and, on basis of said predicted operation cycle, predict at which state of chargeSOC of the battery (2) that recharging with application of maximumrecharging effect Erechargemax up to maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX will be expected.
12. A vehicle according to clam 11, characterized in that thecontrol unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi ofthe cooling system (4) such that, at said predicted state of chargeSOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperatureTbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than100% of said maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled whilefulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbattery does notexceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
13. A vehicle according to any one of claims 7-12, characterizedin that it comprises a computer program product that comprises acomputer program that comprises a prediction model configured to predict the ambient temperature.
14. A vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that thecontrol unit (5) is configured to control the cooling effect Ecooi ofthe cooling system (4) such that, at said predicted state of chargeSOC at which recharging is expected, the battery temperatureTbattery is below a limit at which recharging up to saidpredetermined maximum allowable state of charge SOCmaX whileapplying said maximum recharging effect Erechargemax and less than 100% of said predicted maximum cooling effect Ecooimax is enabled while fulfilling the condition that the battery temperature Tbauerydoes not exceed said predetermined maximum allowable operation temperature Tmax.
15. A vehicle according to any one of claims 7-14, characterizedin that the cooling system (4) comprises a cooling circuit (6) filledwith a coolant, a heat exchanger (7) via which the coolant exchanges heat with the surrounding atmosphere.
16. A computer program product comprising computer programcode for causing a computer to implement a method according toany one claims 1-6 when the computer program is executed in the computer.
17. A computer program product comprising a non-tranistory datastorage medium which can be read by a computer and on whichthe program code of a computer program according to claim 16 is stored.
18. An electronic control unit of a motor vehicle comprising anexecution means and a data storage medium which is connectedto the execution means and on which the computer program code of a computer program according to claim 16 is stored.
SE1950245A 2019-02-26 2019-02-26 A method of controlling a battery cooling system of a vehicle comprising an electric propulsion engine, and a vehicle SE543330C2 (en)

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SE1950245A SE543330C2 (en) 2019-02-26 2019-02-26 A method of controlling a battery cooling system of a vehicle comprising an electric propulsion engine, and a vehicle
DE112020000417.1T DE112020000417T5 (en) 2019-02-26 2020-02-20 Method for controlling a cooling system of a vehicle and vehicle
PCT/SE2020/050195 WO2020176027A1 (en) 2019-02-26 2020-02-20 A method of controlling a cooling system of a vehicle, and a vehicle
CN202080007576.4A CN113226835A (en) 2019-02-26 2020-02-20 Method for controlling cooling system of vehicle and vehicle

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GB2608615A (en) 2021-07-06 2023-01-11 Daimler Truck AG Thermal system with integrated valve device for an electric vehicle
FR3129632A1 (en) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-02 Valeo Systemes Thermiques METHODS FOR DETERMINING A TARGET TEMPERATURE OF A VEHICLE BATTERY BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF A BATTERY CHARGING PHASE AND MANAGING AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

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