WO2020168733A1 - 脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构 - Google Patents

脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构 Download PDF

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WO2020168733A1
WO2020168733A1 PCT/CN2019/112887 CN2019112887W WO2020168733A1 WO 2020168733 A1 WO2020168733 A1 WO 2020168733A1 CN 2019112887 W CN2019112887 W CN 2019112887W WO 2020168733 A1 WO2020168733 A1 WO 2020168733A1
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signal
nanosecond
pump
gain
pulse
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PCT/CN2019/112887
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周保充
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江苏沃飞激光技术有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201910130897.2A external-priority patent/CN109818242A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920239835.0U external-priority patent/CN209217423U/zh
Application filed by 江苏沃飞激光技术有限公司 filed Critical 江苏沃飞激光技术有限公司
Publication of WO2020168733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020168733A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating

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  • the invention relates to a tunable high average power nanosecond pulse laser light source used in the industrial and national defense fields. More specifically, the present invention relates to a nanosecond pulse laser light source structure with tunable pulse width and power used in the industrial and national defense fields.
  • the tunable high average power nanosecond pulsed laser light source has a wide range of application value in the industrial and military fields.
  • the nanosecond pulsed laser light source based on this scheme has many advantages such as easy operation, wide application range, low maintenance cost, etc., and has a broad application prospect.
  • Nanosecond pulse fiber lasers can be divided into two typical structures: single oscillator and main oscillator plus power amplifier (MOPA).
  • MOPA main oscillator plus power amplifier
  • the output power of a single oscillator structure is mainly limited by the power load capacity of the required functional devices in the oscillating cavity, including gratings, acousto-optic modulators, etc.
  • the average output power is usually within 10W, and the discrete optical path structure is usually used, which is difficult to achieve Optical fiber.
  • MOPA structure For systems with output average power greater than 100W, MOPA structure is usually adopted.
  • the oscillator outputs a seed laser with a lower average power, and the seed laser goes through a single-stage or multi-stage power amplifier to further increase the output power.
  • its output power and pulse width are limited by the saturation energy of the oscillator and the large mode field gain fiber, and it is difficult to realize a tunable nanosecond pulse laser light source with an average power of 200-5000W and a pulse width of 30-2000ns.
  • the objective disadvantage of the prior art is that the conventional high average power nanosecond pulse laser light source based on the MOPA structure is limited by the small oscillator pulse width tuning range and the low saturation energy of the large mode field gain fiber, which makes it difficult to achieve average power.
  • the 200-5000W, tunable nanosecond laser pulse output with a pulse width of 30-2000ns is difficult to adapt to the wide range of requirements for nanosecond pulse laser applications in the industrial and military fields. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described later.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a nanosecond pulse laser light source structure with tunable pulse width and power, which can adopt a matched nanosecond seed light source system, an amplification system, a nanosecond delay system, and a signal combiner.
  • the method of adjusting the presence or absence of each split pulse and the mutual delay realizes the average power 200-5000W, pulse width 30-2000ns tunable nanosecond pulse laser output, thereby improving the versatility of the nanosecond pulse laser source in the industry and national defense fields .
  • a nanosecond pulse laser light source structure with tunable pulse width and power which includes: a main laser beam with a fixed power and pulse width for synchronous triggering to obtain Nanosecond seed light source system with multiple sub-beams;
  • Nanosecond delay system for delay adjustment of the signal output of each sub-beam after amplification
  • the signal output end of the signal combiner the first high-power cladding light stripper and the output end cap are used to realize the connection with the peripheral device;
  • the nanosecond seed light source system includes:
  • Nanosecond seed unit or nanosecond seed light source which is used to amplify and filter the generated main laser beam with a fixed power and pulse width to obtain a pure seed pulse signal
  • Laser pulse beam splitting device which is used to split the seed pulse signal generated by the nanosecond seed unit or the nanosecond seed light source
  • the delay system is configured as an optical fiber delay line that adjusts the time delay between output pulses in the signal output direction of each amplifying system and/or a pulse electrical signal delay unit matched with a nanosecond seed unit.
  • the nanosecond seed unit includes:
  • the surface of the first bandpass high reflector is coated with a bandpass dielectric film to filter out the spontaneous radiation generated in the oscillation cavity and amplify the ASE spectrum;
  • the first single-mode gain fiber, the first single-mode beam combiner, and the oscillator pump source that are sequentially connected to the output end of the first band-pass high-reflective mirror, wherein the pump generated by the oscillator pump source Light is injected into the first single-mode gain fiber through the pump arm of the first single-mode beam combiner to excite rare earth ions and provide laser gain;
  • the first acousto-optic switch connected to the first single-mode beam combiner and controlled and triggered by the pulse electrical signal delay system to achieve gain state control and ASE spectral filtering;
  • the low reflection grating connected to the first filtering acousto-optic switch is used to reflect part of the signal light back to the oscillation cavity to form feedback, and the other part of the signal light is output to the subsequent stage;
  • the nanosecond seed unit includes:
  • Photodiodes that are triggered by a pulse electrical signal delay system to generate nanosecond seed pulses with different pulse widths
  • the generated nanosecond pulses sequentially enter the three-terminal circulator, the second acousto-optic switch, the second low-power cladding stripper, and the second single-mode gain fiber for power amplification;
  • a second single-mode beam combiner and a pre-amplified pump source connected to the output end of the second single-mode gain fiber in sequence, wherein the pump light generated by the pre-amplified pump source passes through the pump of the second single-mode beam combiner
  • the beam is injected into the second single-mode gain fiber to excite rare earth ions and provide laser gain;
  • a second band-pass high-reflection mirror connected to the signal arm of the second single-mode beam combiner, wherein the second band-pass high-reflection mirror reflects the signal light so that it is transmitted and amplified in the reverse direction in the optical transmission interval, and then The corresponding seed pulse signal is output through the third port of the three-terminal circulator.
  • the nanosecond seed unit includes: a pump component, a gain component, and a focus coupling component that cooperate with each other;
  • the pump assembly may be configured as a matched first pump xenon lamp and a first pump concentrator, wherein the first pump xenon lamp flashes, and the first pump concentrator reflects the pump light , Coupling the pump light into the first solid gain medium;
  • the gain component includes: a first solid gain medium matched with the pump component, end mirrors arranged at both ends thereof, an output mirror, and a third acousto-optic switch arranged between the first solid gain medium and the end mirror , Wherein the first solid gain medium is pumped by the pump component to achieve light population inversion and provide gain, and the generated spontaneous radiation light performs mode selection oscillation and amplification between the end mirror and the output mirror, and the third An acousto-optic switch, which is used for Q-switching the spontaneous emission light, and forms a nanosecond pulse seed under the amplification of the first solid medium;
  • the focus coupling assembly includes: a first focus injection unit matched with the output direction of the output mirror, which is used to focus and couple the nanosecond pulse seed output by the output mirror to the first receiving fiber;
  • the second high-power cladding light stripper adjacent to the first receiving optical fiber is used to strip the nanosecond pulses leaking to the cladding, thereby obtaining a pure seed pulse signal.
  • the pump component is replaced with: two first dichroic mirrors that cooperate with the second solid gain medium and have a predetermined angle;
  • the pump light enters the second solid gain medium through one of the first dichroic mirrors, and is separated by another first dichroic mirror to realize the light output operation.
  • each of the amplification systems includes: a first signal processing component, a first signal gain component, and a first signal separation component that cooperate with each other;
  • the first signal processing component includes a first optical isolator and a mode field adapter connected to a nanosecond seed light source system;
  • the first signal gain component includes: a forward combiner matched with a mode field adapter, a first amplifier pump source, and a first large mode field gain fiber, wherein the first amplifier pump source generates a corresponding pump Light, through the pump arm of the forward beam combiner, is injected into the first large mode field gain fiber along the signal transmission direction to provide laser gain;
  • the first signal separation component includes: a third high-power cladding light stripper connected to the signal output end of the first signal gain component to strip the signal light leaking to the cladding.
  • the signal gain component is replaced with a second large mode field gain fiber matched with a mode field adapter, a reverse beam combiner and a second amplifier pump source;
  • the second amplifier pump source generates corresponding pump light, which is injected into the second large-mode field gain fiber in the direction opposite to the signal transmission direction through the pump arm of the reverse beam combiner to provide laser gain.
  • each of the amplification systems includes: a second signal processing component, a second signal gain component, and a second signal separation component that cooperate with each other;
  • the second signal processing component includes a second optical isolator and a collimating beam expander connected to the nanosecond seed light source system;
  • the second signal gain component includes: a third solid gain medium matched with a collimated beam expander;
  • Two second dichroic mirrors arranged at both ends of the third solid gain medium and having a predetermined angle
  • a second focus injection unit and a second receiving optical fiber arranged in the signal output direction and adjacent to one of the second dichroic mirrors;
  • the second signal separation component includes: a fourth high-power cladding light stripper connected to the signal output end of the second signal gain component to strip the signal light leaking to the cladding.
  • the second signal gain component is replaced with a fourth solid gain medium matched with a collimating beam expander
  • the second pump xenon lamp and the second pump concentrator matched with the fourth solid gain medium
  • the third focusing unit and the third receiving fiber are arranged in the signal output direction of the fourth solid gain medium.
  • the present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects: First, the present invention triggers the presence or absence of each sub-beam of the system and the mutual delay by adjusting the pulse electric signal, and adjusts the length of the light delay line, and uses the signal combiner to combine the sub-beams. It is a laser output, which greatly increases the average power adjustment range of the output laser to 200-5000W and the pulse width adjustment range to 30-2000ns.
  • the present invention greatly increases the optical spectrum signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal to more than 40dB by increasing the spectral bandpass filtering function and the double-pass amplification structure in the nanosecond pulse seed system.
  • the present invention adopts a single-stage reverse-pumped ultra-large mode field fiber power amplifier to greatly increase the average power of the output pulse of the subsystem, while ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is not significantly degraded, and the pulse width is not significantly expanded or narrowed.
  • the nonlinear broadening of the spectrum is obviously weakened.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanosecond pulse laser light source structure with tunable pulse width and power in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a nanosecond seed unit in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first group of alternative structures of the nanosecond seed unit in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second alternative structure of the nanosecond seed unit in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third alternative structure of the nanosecond seed unit in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the amplification system in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the first group of alternative structures of the amplification system in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second group of alternative structures of the amplification system in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a third group of alternative structures of the amplification system in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an implementation form of a nanosecond pulsed laser light source structure with tunable pulse width and power according to the present invention, which includes:
  • the nanosecond seed light source system 11 used to synchronously trigger the main laser beam with a fixed power and pulse width to obtain multiple sub-beams, which can also be called a nanosecond pulse seed system;
  • Each sub-beam needs to be connected to the part of the nanosecond pulse seed source, which is the nanosecond seed light source system.
  • the average power is By controlling the gain state of each beam splitter, the combined beam output power can reach 200-5000W.
  • the optical signal process of this step can be summarized as the nanosecond pulse seed system generating nanosecond pulse seeds, and the beam splitting system will The seed pulse is divided into multiple beams and enters the nanosecond pulse network amplification system respectively to perform the energy amplification of the nanosecond pulse;
  • the nanosecond delay system 13 used for delay adjustment of the output of each amplified sub-beam signal can be obtained by changing the structure of the nanosecond delay system of this technology to output the beam with a pulse of 30-2000ns.
  • the process of one-step optical signal can be summarized as the amplified nanosecond pulse passes through the fiber delay line for precise time delay adjustment, and finally passes each pulse into the different signal arms of the signal combiner, and is combined into one in the signal combiner. Pulsed laser
  • the optical signal flow in this step It can be summarized as outputting the combined pulsed laser light through the combined end of the signal beam combiner 14.
  • the whole system uses the same nanosecond seed light source system.
  • the light pulse energy injected by the seed pulse through the split beam is very low. If a branch or several branches in the nanosecond pulse network amplification system do not perform energy amplification, the beam is combined
  • the pulse width and energy of the output light pulse will increase or decrease correspondingly, thereby forming the adjustment of the pulse width and energy of the laser pulse output by the light source.
  • a fixed power and pulse width main beam (such as 100mW, 30ns)
  • the beam splitting system and the amplification system can amplify the power of a single beam to 100W-800W, then the two beams in the nanosecond amplification network will be effectively amplified, and the other links will not be amplified (no pump excitation), then it can be finally achieved
  • the average power of the laser output is 200W-1600W.
  • the pulse width can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the delay line fiber to achieve a laser output of 30ns (relative delay of 0) or 60ns (relative delay of 30ns). This explains the 200W and 30ns laser output The way.
  • a single beam of 800W and a pulse width of 300ns can be used to combine 7 beams to achieve the corresponding index, or a lower power and narrower pulse width (such as 270W, 110ns) can be used for 19 beams.
  • the beam reaches the corresponding index, or the laser with lower power and narrower pulse width is used, and the laser link with more laser links (37*1,64*1,91*1 or (36+1)*1, (63+1) )*1, (90+1)*1, etc.) combine to achieve the corresponding index.
  • Adopting this scheme has the advantages of good implementability, good adaptability, good stability and strong operability. Moreover, this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the first high-power cladding light stripper 15 and the output end cap 16 are further implemented with peripherals.
  • the combined optical signal passes through the first high-power cladding light stripper to strip the signal light leaking to the cladding, and finally output to the user end through the output end cap.
  • the high-power cladding light in the present invention The power of the stripper is set to 200W.
  • the nanosecond seed light source system includes:
  • Nanosecond seed unit or nanosecond seed light source which is used to amplify and gain the main laser beam with a fixed power and pulse width to obtain a pure seed pulse signal
  • Pulse splitting equipment (not shown), which is used to split the seed pulse signal generated by the nanosecond seed unit or the nanosecond seed light source;
  • the delay system is configured as an optical fiber delay line and/or a pulse electrical signal delay unit matched with a nanosecond seed unit in the signal output direction of each amplification system to adjust its output pulse width. Adopting this scheme has the advantages of adaptability, good stability, good implementability and strong operability. Moreover, this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the nanosecond pulse seed system 11 in Fig. 1 and the nanosecond pulse seed systems 61, 71, 81, 91 in Figs. 6-9 of the present invention can be adopted as described in the following embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4 And the structure of Figure 5 is obtained.
  • the nanosecond seed unit includes:
  • the first band-pass high reflector 21 is used as the signal feedback reflector of the oscillation cavity. Its surface is coated with a band-pass dielectric film (not shown) that can filter out the spontaneous radiation generated in the oscillation cavity and amplify the ASE spectrum. Nanosecond seed unit The band-pass filtering function available in the system is realized through a band-pass mirror, or through a filter acousto-optic switch;
  • the pump light is injected into the first single-mode gain fiber through the pump arm of the first single-mode beam combiner to excite rare earth ions and provide laser gain;
  • the first filter acousto-optic switch 25 connected to the first single-mode beam combiner and triggered by the pulse electrical signal delay system to achieve gain state control and ASE spectral filtering.
  • the first filter acousto-optic switch is controlled by the pulse electrical signal delay system Trigger, on the one hand, has a gain switch function, by adjusting its repetition frequency and switching pulse width, the repetition frequency and pulse width of the output signal can be adjusted.
  • a bandpass filter is added inside to further filter the ASE spectrum;
  • the low reflection grating 26 connected to the first filtering acousto-optic switch is used to reflect part of the signal light back to the oscillating cavity to form feedback, and another part of the signal light is output to the subsequent stage;
  • the low-power cladding of the present invention The power of the light stripper is set to 100W.
  • the nanosecond seed unit in this scheme is adopted, and the Q-switching technology is used to generate nanosecond pulses. It has the advantages of high single pulse energy and adjustable repetition frequency from 10-250kHz. It has higher efficiency, simpler structure and easier implementation. , It has the advantages of good implementability, strong operability, good adaptability and good stability. Moreover, this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the nanosecond seed unit includes:
  • the photodiode 31 is triggered by the pulse electrical signal delay system to generate nanosecond seed pulses with different pulse widths;
  • the generated nanosecond pulses sequentially enter the three-terminal circulator 32, the second filtering acousto-optic switch 33, the second low-power cladding stripper 37, and the second single-mode gain fiber 35 for power amplification;
  • the second single-mode beam combiner 36 and the pre-amplified pump source 37 are sequentially connected to the output end of the second single-mode gain fiber, wherein the pump light generated by the pre-amplified pump source passes through the second single-mode beam combiner
  • the second single-mode gain fiber is injected into the second single-mode gain fiber to excite rare earth ions and provide laser gain;
  • the second band-pass high-reflective mirror 38 connected to the signal arm of the second single-mode beam combiner, wherein the second band-pass high-reflective mirror reflects the signal light so that it is transmitted and amplified in the reverse direction in the optical transmission interval, Furthermore, the corresponding seed pulse signal is output through the third port of the three-terminal circulator.
  • the photodiode seed pulse in this scheme is used as the seed source, and then passes through a two-pass amplifier with a filter acousto-optic switch, that is, the nanosecond seed unit is designed with its double-pass amplification structure to achieve the effect of double-pass amplification Therefore, the use of this structure can generate a relatively large energy, pulse adjustable repetition frequency of 10-50MHz, pulse width 10-1000ns adjustable nanosecond pulse laser output, with good implementability, strong operability and adaptability Good, good tunable effect.
  • this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the nanosecond seed unit includes: pumping components, gain components, and focus coupling components that cooperate with each other;
  • the pump assembly may be configured as a first pump xenon lamp 44 and a first pump concentrator 43 that are matched, wherein the first pump xenon lamp flashes, and the first pump concentrator will pump light Reflect and couple the pump light into the first solid gain medium;
  • the gain component includes: a first solid gain medium 45 matched with the pump component, and end mirrors 41 and 51 arranged at both ends thereof, output mirrors 46 and 56 and arranged on the first solid gain medium and the end mirror
  • the third acousto-optic switch 42, 52 wherein the first solid gain medium inverts the number of light particles received from the pump assembly to provide gain, and the generated spontaneous radiation is in the end mirror and the output mirror Mode-selective oscillation is performed in between, and the third acousto-optic switch performs Q-switching operation on the spontaneous emission light to form a nanosecond pulse seed under the amplification of the first solid medium;
  • the focus coupling assembly includes: first focus injection units 47, 57 matched with the output direction of the output mirror, which are used to focus the nanosecond giant pulse seeds output by the output mirror into the first receiving fibers 48, 58;
  • the second high-power cladding light strippers 49, 59 adjacent to the first receiving fiber are used to strip the nanosecond pulses leaking to the cladding to obtain a pure seed pulse signal.
  • the structure design of the xenon lamp + solid gain medium adopting this scheme makes the scheme more robust and capable of outputting higher (0.1-10mJ) nanosecond pulse energy (relative to the xenon lamp + solid gain in the amplification system)
  • the high pulse energy output by the seed source is conducive to the energy gain of the subsequent amplifier, obtaining higher efficiency, suppressing spontaneous radiation amplification, having good implementability, strong operability, good adaptability and stability Advantages of good sex.
  • this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the pump assembly is replaced with two first dichroic mirrors 53, 54 that cooperate with the second solid gain medium 55 and have a predetermined angle;
  • the pump light enters the second solid gain medium through one of the first dichroic mirrors, and is separated by another first dichroic mirror to realize the light output operation.
  • the pump light using this scheme enters the second solid gain medium from one of the dichroic mirrors I to form a population inversion to provide energy gain, and then separates from the other dichroic mirror II, or enters from the dichroic mirror II.
  • the amplification system 12 of the nanosecond pulse network in the scheme 1 of the present invention can be shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 or FIG. 9.
  • each of the amplification systems includes: a first signal processing component, a first signal gain component, and a first signal separation component that cooperate with each other;
  • the first signal processing component includes first optical isolators 62, 72 connected to the nanosecond seed light source system 61, 71, and mode field adapters 63, 73.
  • the first optical isolator in the amplifying system is directly connected to the optical isolator. The optical connection of each beam after the beam system is split;
  • the first signal gain component includes: a forward combiner 65 matched with a mode field adapter, a first amplifier pump source 64 and a first large mode field gain fiber 66, wherein the first amplifier pump source generates a corresponding The pump light is injected into the first large mode field gain fiber along the signal transmission direction through the pump arm of the forward beam combiner to provide laser gain;
  • the first signal separation component includes: third high-power cladding light strippers 67, 77 connected to the signal output end of the first signal gain component to strip the signal light leaking to the cladding.
  • the forward pumping method in this scheme is used to excite the super-large mode field gain fiber.
  • the large-mode field forward combiner technology used is highly mature and low in cost. It can effectively provide production quality and reduce costs.
  • the structural design can be adjusted according to specific needs to adapt to different use needs. It has the advantages of good implementability, strong operability and good adaptability. Moreover, this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the signal gain component is replaced with: a second large mode field gain fiber 74 matched with a mode field adapter, a reverse combiner 75 and a second amplifier pump Puyuan 76;
  • the second amplifier pump source generates the corresponding pump light, which is injected into the second large mode field gain fiber in the opposite direction to the signal transmission direction through the pump arm of the reverse beam combiner, and the laser rare earth ion transitions to provide laser Gain.
  • the reverse pumping method is used to excite the super-large mode field gain fiber, and the reverse pumping method can effectively suppress the spontaneous radiation and improve the optical conversion efficiency, thereby obtaining more efficient laser output.
  • Pumping mode which excites fewer high-order modes, is beneficial to optimize the lateral mode of the output laser, and is beneficial to the long-distance transmission of the laser.
  • the structure is adjusted to adapt to different applications. Advantages of strong operability and good adaptability.
  • this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • each amplifying system includes: a second signal processing component, a second signal gain component, and a second signal separation component that cooperate with each other;
  • the second signal processing component includes second optical isolators 82, 92, and collimating beam expanders 83, 93 connected to nanosecond seed light source systems 81, 91;
  • the second signal gain component includes: a third solid gain medium 86 matched with a collimated beam expander;
  • Two second dichroic mirrors 84, 85 which are arranged at both ends of the third solid gain medium and have a predetermined angle;
  • the second signal separation component includes: fourth high-power cladding light strippers 89, 99 connected to the signal output end of the second signal gain component to strip the signal light leaking to the cladding.
  • the optical processing flow configuration adopting this scheme is that the pulse output from the nanosecond pulse seed system passes through the optical isolator and the collimated beam expander, and enters the third solid gain medium through one of the dichroic mirrors I for energy gain, and after amplification
  • the nanosecond pulsed laser passes through the dichroic mirror II, enters the focusing injection system for focusing, then enters the focusing receiving fiber system, injects the fiber, and then passes through the fourth high-power cladding stripper to strip the signal light that leaks to the cladding. Then output to the signal combiner.
  • this scheme can obtain a larger energy laser pulse output because the solid gain medium is used as the gain material.
  • the solid gain medium Compared with the optical fiber as the gain medium, the solid gain medium has a larger effective mode field area.
  • the output pulse energy is proportional to the effective mode field area of the gain medium. Therefore, the use of solid gain medium can effectively increase the mode field area and output laser pulses with larger energy, such as several mJ to tens of J energy in nanoseconds. Pulse has the advantages of good adaptability, strong operability, good stability and excellent performance.
  • this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the second signal gain component is replaced by a fourth solid gain medium 96 that cooperates with the collimating beam expander 93;
  • the third focusing unit 97 and the third receiving fiber 98 are arranged in the signal output direction of the fourth solid gain medium.
  • the optical processing flow configuration is that the pulses output by the nanosecond pulse seed system are coupled into the fourth input solid gain medium after passing through the optical isolator and the collimated beam expander to gain energy; the second pump xenon lamp emits The pump light enters the solid gain medium through the second pump concentrator to form a population inversion to provide energy gain; the amplified nanosecond pulse laser enters the focusing injection system for focusing, and then enters the focusing receiving fiber system and is injected into the optical fiber.
  • this solution uses a xenon lamp as the pump source, compared to the above-mentioned diode + two-color In terms of the pumping method of the mirror, its robustness is stronger. After long-distance transportation, it can reduce the debugging time.
  • the use of xenon lamp pumping can achieve low repetition frequency and ultra-large pulse energy output, such as 10Hz, single pulse
  • the nanosecond pulse output with energy of 100J has the advantages of good implementability, strong operability and good adaptability.
  • this method is only an illustration of a preferred example, but is not limited to this. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacements and/or modifications can be made according to user needs.
  • the invention adopts the structure of external synchronous trigger system + fiber delay line + signal combiner, which can be used to adjust the average power and pulse width of the nanosecond pulse laser within a predetermined range, and enables the nanosecond pulse seed system to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio ,
  • the components of the present invention can be appropriately selected or replaced according to needs, as follows:
  • the pulse electrical signal delay system in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention can be selected from other external synchronous trigger systems.
  • the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention if there is a pulse electrical signal delay system, then there may be a fiber delay line system or no fiber delay line system.
  • the signal combiner in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention can choose 3*1, 7*1, 19*1, 37*1, 64*1, 91*1 and other signal beam combiners.
  • the signal combiner in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention can also choose (2+1)*1, (6+1)*1, (18+1)*1, (36+1)*1, (63 +1)*1, (90+1)*1 and other beam combiners with number and structure.
  • the nanosecond pulse seed light source system in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention can select other high signal-to-noise ratio nanosecond seed light sources.
  • the nanosecond pulse amplification network or nanosecond pulse amplification system in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention is not only suitable for nanosecond pulse amplification, but also suitable for high repetition frequency picosecond pulse amplification.
  • the nanosecond pulse seed system or the band pass mirror in the pre-amplification stage can choose a high reflectivity fiber grating or a band pass filter plus a high reflectivity mirror.
  • the nanosecond pulse amplification network or the ultra-large mode field gain fiber in the nanosecond pulse amplification system can be selected from materials such as photonic crystal fiber, crystal fiber, solid gain medium and the like.
  • the single-mode gain fiber in the nanosecond pulse seed system in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention can be selected from materials such as photonic crystal fiber, crystal fiber, solid gain medium and the like.
  • the filter acousto-optic switch used in the second pulse laser light source structure of the present invention can be selected as a filter electro-optic switch or an acousto-optic modulator or an electro-optic modulator.

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Abstract

一种脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，包括：用于将固定功率、脉宽的主激光束进行同步触发和分束，以得到多个分光束脉冲激光的纳秒种子光源系统(11)；分别设置在分光束输出链路上，以对各分光束激光进行增益放大的多个放大系统(12)；用于对各放大后的各分光束激光信号输出进行延迟调整的纳秒延迟系统(13)；用于将经放大延迟后的各分光束激光信号进行合束处理的信号合束器(14)。提供一种脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其采用调节各分束激光脉冲的功率和相互延时的方式，实现平均功率200-5000W、脉宽30-2000ns可调谐纳秒脉冲激光输出，从而提升纳秒脉冲激光光源在工业和国防领域的通用性。

Description

脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在工业、国防领域情况下使用的可调谐高平均功率纳秒脉冲激光光源。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种用在工业、国防领域情况下的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构。
背景技术
可调谐高平均功率纳秒脉冲激光光源在工业、军事领域有广泛的应用价值，基于此方案的纳秒脉冲激光光源具有简便易操作，适用范围广，维护成本低等诸多优势，应用前景广阔。
纳秒脉冲光纤激光器可以分为单振荡器和主振荡器加功率放大器(MOPA)两种典型结构。
单振荡器结构的输出功率主要受限于振荡腔内所需功能器件的功率负载能力，包括光栅、声光调制器等，通常输出平均功率在10W以内，而且通常采用分立光路结构，难以实现全光纤化。
对于输出平均功率大于100W的系统，通常采用MOPA结构。振荡器输出平均功率较低的种子激光，种子激光经过单级或多级功率放大器进一步将输出功率提升。但是其输出功率及脉冲脉宽受限于振荡器以及大模场增益光纤的饱和能量，很难实现平均功率200-5000W、脉宽30-2000ns可调谐纳秒脉冲激光光源。
现有技术的客观缺点在于常规基于MOPA结构的高平均功率纳秒脉冲激光光源受限于振荡器脉宽调谐范围较小，以及大模场增益光纤的饱和能量较低等因素，难以实现平均功率200-5000W、脉宽30-2000ns可调谐的纳秒激光脉冲输出，难以适应工业、军事领域对于纳秒脉冲激光器应用的广泛要求。发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题和/或缺陷，并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源 结构，其能够通过相配合的纳秒种子光源系统、放大系统、纳秒延迟系统以及信号合束器，采用调节各分束脉冲的有无和相互延时的方式，实现平均功率200-5000W、脉宽30-2000ns可调谐纳秒脉冲激光输出，从而提升纳秒脉冲激光光源在工业和国防领域的通用性。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点，提供了一种脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，包括：用于将固定功率、脉宽的主激光束进行同步触发，以得到多个分光束的纳秒种子光源系统；
分别设置在分光束输出链路上，以对各分光束进行增益放大的多个放大系统；
用于对各放大后的各分光束信号输出进行延迟调整的纳秒延迟系统；
用于将经放大延迟后的各分光束信号进行合束处理，以得到功率200W-5000W、脉宽30ns-2000ns可调谐纳秒脉冲激光输出的信号合束器。
优选的是，其中，还包括：在所述信号合束器的信号输出端，通过第一高功率包层光剥除器、输出端帽进而与外设实现连接；
其中，所述纳秒种子光源系统包括：
纳秒种子单元或纳秒种子光源，其用于将产生的固定功率、脉宽的主激光束，进行放大、滤波处理以得到纯净的种子脉冲信号；
激光脉冲分束器件，其用于将纳秒种子单元或纳秒种子光源产生的种子脉冲信号进行分束处理；
所述延迟系统被设置为在各放大系统的信号输出方向上，以对其输出脉冲间的时间延迟进行调整的光纤延迟线和/或与纳秒种子单元相配合的脉冲电信号延迟单元。
优选的是，其中，所述纳秒种子单元包括：
第一带通高反射镜，其表面镀有用以滤除振荡腔内产生的自发辐射放大ASE光谱的带通介质膜；
与第一带通高反射镜的输出端呈依次相连状的第一单模增益光纤、第一单模合束器、振荡器泵浦源，其中，所述振荡器泵浦源产生的泵浦光，经第一单模合束器的泵浦臂注入第一单模增益光纤，以激发稀土离子并提供激光增益；
与第一单模合束器相连，并由脉冲电信号延迟系统控制触发以实现增益状态控制和ASE光谱滤波的第一声光开关；
与第一滤波声光开关相连的低反光栅，其用于将部分信号光反射回振荡腔形成反馈，另一部分信号光则输出至后级；
与低反光栅相连，以剥除少量泄露至包层的泵浦光功率，得到纯净的种子脉冲信号传输至后级的第一低功率包层光剥除器。
优选的是，其中，所述纳秒种子单元包括：
由脉冲电信号延迟系统触发，以产生不同脉宽纳秒种子脉冲的光电二极管；
产生的纳秒脉冲依次进入三端环形器、第二声光开关、第二低功率包层剥除器、第二单模增益光纤，以进行功率放大；
与第二单模增益光纤输出端依次相连的第二单模合束器、预放大泵浦源，其中，所述预放大泵浦源产生的泵浦光经第二单模合束器的泵浦臂注入第二单模增益光纤，激发稀土离子并提供激光增益；
与第二单模合束器信号臂相连的第二带通高反射镜，其中，所述第二带通高反射镜将信号光反射，以使其在光传输区间内反向传输放大，进而通过三端环形器的第三端口输出对应的种子脉冲信号。
优选的是，其中，所述纳秒种子单元包括：相互配合的泵浦组件，增益组件，聚焦耦合组件；
所述泵浦组件可以被配置为相配合的第一泵浦氙灯、第一泵浦聚光器，其中，所述第一泵浦氙灯闪光，第一泵浦聚光器将泵浦光进行反射，将泵浦光耦合进入第一固体增益介质；
所述增益组件包括：与泵浦组件相配合的第一固体增益介质、设置在其两端的端面反射镜、输出镜以及设置在第一固体增益介质与端面反射镜之间的第三声光开关，其中，所述第一固体增益介质被泵浦组件泵浦，实现光粒子数反转，提供增益，产生的自发辐射光在端面反射镜与输出镜之间进行选模振荡和放大，第三声光开关，其用于对自发辐射光进行调Q操作，在第一固体介质的放大下以形成纳秒脉冲种子；
所述聚焦耦合组件包括：与输出镜输出方向相配合的第一聚焦注入单元， 其用于将输出镜输出的纳秒脉冲种子聚焦耦合到第一接收光纤中；
与第一接收光纤邻接的第二高功率包层光剥除器，以剥除泄露到包层的纳秒脉冲，进而得到纯净的种子脉冲信号。
优选的是，其中，所述泵浦组件被替换为包括：与第二固体增益介质相配合且具有预设角度的两块第一双色镜；
其中，泵浦光通过其中一块第一双色镜进入第二固体增益介质，再通过另一块第一双色镜分离，实现出光操作。
优选的是，其中，各所述放大系统包括：相互配合的第一信号整理组件，第一信号增益组件以及第一信号分离组件；
所述第一信号整理组件包括与纳秒种子光源系统相连接的第一光隔离器、模场适配器；
所述第一信号增益组件包括：与模场适配器相配合的正向合束器、第一放大器泵浦源及第一大模场增益光纤，其中，第一放大器泵浦源产生相应的泵浦光，经正向合束器的泵浦臂，沿与信号传输方向注入第一大模场增益光纤，提供激光增益；
所述第一信号分离组件包括：与第一信号增益组件信号输出端连接，以将泄露到包层的信号光进行剥除的第三高功率包层光剥除器。
优选的是，其中，所述信号增益组件被替换为包括：与模场适配器相配合的第二大模场增益光纤、反向合束器及第二放大器泵浦源；
其中，第二放大器泵浦源产生相应的泵浦光，经反向合束器的泵浦臂，沿与信号传输方向的相反方向注入第二大模场增益光纤，提供激光增益。
优选的是，其中，各所述放大系统包括：相互配合的第二信号整理组件，第二信号增益组件以及第二信号分离组件；
所述第二信号整理组件包括与纳秒种子光源系统相连接的第二光隔离器、准直扩束器；
所述第二信号增益组件包括：与准直扩束器相配合的第三固体增益介质；
设置在第三固体增益介质两端，且具有预定角度的两块第二双色镜；
设置在信号输出方向且与其中一块第二双色镜邻接的第二聚焦注入单元、第二接收光纤；
所述第二信号分离组件包括：与第二信号增益组件信号输出端连接，以将泄露到包层的信号光进行剥除的第四高功率包层光剥除器。
优选的是，其中，所述第二信号增益组件被替换为包括：与准直扩束器相配合的第四固体增益介质；
与第四固体增益介质相配合的第二泵浦氙灯、第二泵浦聚光器；
设置在第四固体增益介质的信号输出方向的第三聚焦单元、第三接收光纤。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果：其一，本发明通过调节脉冲电信号触发系统各子束的有无以及相互间的延时，通过调节光线延迟线的长度，利用信号合束器将子束合成为一束激光输出，从而大幅提升输出激光的平均功率调节范围至200-5000W，脉宽调节范围至30-2000ns。
其二，本发明通过增加纳秒脉冲种子系统中光谱带通滤波功能以及双程放大结构，大幅提升输出信号光光谱信噪比至大于40dB。
其三，本发明通过采用单级反向泵浦超大模场光纤功率放大器，在子系统输出脉冲平均功率大幅提升的同时，保证系统信噪比无明显劣化，脉冲宽度无明显展宽或者压窄，光谱非线性展宽明显减弱。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现，部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一个实施例中脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的另一个实施例中纳秒种子单元的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的另一个实施例中纳秒种子单元的第一组可替换结构示意图；
图4为本发明的另一个实施例中纳秒种子单元的第二可替换结构示意图；
图5为本发明的另一个实施例中纳秒种子单元的第三可替换结构示意图；
图6为本发明的另一个实施例中放大系统的结构示意图；
图7为本发明的另一个实施例中放大系统的第一组可替换结构示意图；
图8为本发明的另一个实施例中放大系统的第二组可替换结构示意图；
图9为本发明的另一个实施例中放大系统的第三组可替换结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解，本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不配出一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
图1示出了根据本发明的一种脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构的实现形式，其中包括：
用于将固定功率、脉宽的主激光束进行同步触发，以得到多个分光束的纳秒种子光源系统11，也可以称为纳秒脉冲种子系统；
分别设置在分光束输出链路上，以对各分光束进行增益放大的多个放大系统12，每个分束均需要连接纳秒脉冲种子源的部分，既纳秒种子光源系统，平均功率是通过控制各分束的增益状态有无，进而使合束输出的功率可达到200-5000W，其这一步光信号的流程可概括为纳秒脉冲种子系统产生纳秒脉冲种子，通过分束系统将种子脉冲分为多束，分别进入纳秒脉冲网络放大系统，进行纳秒脉冲的能量放大；
用于对各放大后的各分光束信号输出进行延迟调整的纳秒延迟系统13，如光纤延迟线，脉冲30-2000ns的光束都可以经本技术的纳秒延迟系统结构变化输出得到，其这一步光信号的流程可概括为放大之后的纳秒脉冲通过光纤延迟线，进行精密的时间延迟调整，最后通过之后各脉冲进入信号合束器不同的信号臂，在信号合束器中合成为一束脉冲激光；
用于将经放大延迟后的各分光束信号进行合束处理，以得到功率200W-5000W、脉宽30ns-2000ns可调谐纳秒脉冲激光输出的信号合束器14，其这一步光信号的流程可概括为将合束后的脉冲激光通过信号合束器14合束端输出。整个系统采用同一个纳秒种子光源系统，种子脉冲通过分束注入的光脉冲能量很低，如果纳秒脉冲网络放大系统中某个支路或者某几个支路不进行能量放大，则合束输出的光脉冲脉宽和能量会发生相应的增大或者减小， 进而形成光源输出激光脉冲脉宽和能量的调节，具体来说，一个固定功率、脉宽的主光束(比如100mW，30ns)，经过分束系统和放大系统能够将单束功率放大到100W-800W，那么纳秒放大网络中的两束进行有效放大，其他链路不放大(不进行泵浦激励)，那么就可以最终实现平均功率200W-1600W的激光输出，脉宽方面可以通过调节延迟线光纤的长短，实现30ns(相对延迟为0)或者60ns(相对延时为30ns)的激光输出，这解释的200W和30ns激光输出的方式。对于5000W和2000ns，可以通过单束800W，脉宽300ns的激光进行7束合束输出达到相应的指标，也可以采用更低的功率和更窄脉宽(比如270W，110ns)，进行19束合束达到相应指标，或者采用更低功率和更窄脉宽的激光，采用更多激光链路的(37*1,64*1,91*1或者(36+1)*1,(63+1)*1,(90+1)*1等等)合束达到相应指标。采用这种方案具有可实施效果好，适应性好，稳定性好，可操作性强的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图1所示，在另一种实例中，还包括：在所述信号合束器的信号输出端，通过第一高功率包层光剥除器15、输出端帽16进而与外设实现连接，合束后的光信号再经过第一高功率包层光剥除器剥除泄露到包层的信号光，最后经输出端帽输出至用户端，另外本发明中的高功率包层光剥除器的功率被设定为200W。
其中，所述纳秒种子光源系统包括：
纳秒种子单元或纳秒种子光源，其用于将产生的固定功率、脉宽的主激光束，进行放大、增益处理以得到纯净的种子脉冲信号；
脉冲分束设备(未示出)，其用于将纳秒种子单元或纳秒种子光源产生的种子脉冲信号进行分束处理；
所述延迟系统被设置为在各放大系统的信号输出方向上，以对其输出脉宽进行调整的光纤延迟线和/或与纳秒种子单元相配合的脉冲电信号延迟单元。采用这种方案具有适应性，稳定性好，可实施效果好，操作性强的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
本发明图1中纳秒脉冲种子系统11、图6-9中的纳秒脉冲种子系统61、71、81、91可以采用如下面介绍各实施例中，具体如图2、图3、图4和图5的结构得到。
如图2所示，在另一种实例中，所述纳秒种子单元包括：
第一带通高反射镜21，作为振荡腔的信号反馈反射器，其表面镀有用以滤除振荡腔内产生的自发辐射放大ASE光谱的带通介质膜(未示出)，纳秒种子单元中具备的带通滤波功能通过带通反射镜实现，也可通过滤波声光开关实现；
与第一带通高反射镜的输出端呈依次相连状的第一单模增益光纤22、第一单模合束器23、振荡器泵浦源24，其中，所述振荡器泵浦源产生的泵浦光，经第一单模合束器的泵浦臂注入第一单模增益光纤，以激发稀土离子并提供激光增益；
与第一单模合束器相连，并由脉冲电信号延迟系统控制触发以实现增益状态控制和ASE光谱滤波的第一滤波声光开关25，第一滤波声光开关由脉冲电信号延迟系统控制触发，一方面具有增益开关功能，通过调节其重复频率和开关脉冲宽度可以调节输出信号的重复频率和脉冲宽度，另一方面其内部增加带通滤波片，进一步滤除ASE光谱；
与第一滤波声光开关相连的低反光栅26，其用于将部分信号光反射回振荡腔形成反馈，另一部分信号光则输出至后级；
与低反光栅相连，以剥除少量泄露至包层的泵浦光功率，得到纯净的种子脉冲信号传输至后级的第一低功率包层光剥除器27，本发明中低功率包层光剥除器的功率被设置为100W。采用这种方案中的纳秒种子单元，采用调Q技术产生纳秒脉冲，具有单脉冲能量高，重复频率10-250kHz可调的优点，具有较高的效率，较简单的结构，更易于实现，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，适应性好，稳定性好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图3所示，在另一种实例中，所述纳秒种子单元包括：
由脉冲电信号延迟系统触发，以产生不同脉宽纳秒种子脉冲的光电二极 管31；
产生的纳秒脉冲依次进入三端环形器32、第二滤波声光开关33、第二低功率包层剥除器37、第二单模增益光纤35，以进行功率放大；
与第二单模增益光纤输出端依次相连的第二单模合束器36、预放大泵浦源37，其中，所述预放大泵浦源产生的泵浦光经第二单模合束器的泵浦臂注入第二单模增益光纤，激发稀土离子并提供激光增益；
与第二单模合束器信号臂相连的第二带通高反射镜38，其中，所述第二带通高反射镜将信号光反射，以使其在光传输区间内反向传输放大，进而通过三端环形器的第三端口输出对应的种子脉冲信号。采用这种方案中的光电二极管种子脉冲作为种子源，再经过带有滤波声光开关的双程放大器，即纳秒种子单元通过其双程放大结构的设计，使得其能实现双程放大的效果，故采用这种结构可以产生较大能量、重频频率10-50MHz的脉冲可调、脉宽10-1000ns可调的纳秒脉冲激光输出，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，适应性好，可调谐效果好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图4-5所示，在另一种实例中，所述纳秒种子单元包括：相互配合的泵浦组件，增益组件，聚焦耦合组件；
所述泵浦组件可以被配置为相配合的第一泵浦氙灯44、第一泵浦聚光器43，其中，所述第一泵浦氙灯闪光，第一泵浦聚光器将泵浦光进行反射，将泵浦光耦合进入第一固体增益介质；；
所述增益组件包括：与泵浦组件相配合的第一固体增益介质45，以及设置在其两端的端面反射镜41、51，输出镜46、56以及设置在第一固体增益介质与端面反射镜之间的第三声光开关42、52，其中，所述第一固体增益介质将从泵浦组件接收到的光粒子数反转，提供增益，产生的自发辐射光在端面反射镜与输出镜之间进行选模振荡，第三声光开关对自发辐射光进行调Q操作，在第一固体介质的放大下以形成纳秒脉冲种子；
所述聚焦耦合组件包括：与输出镜输出方向相配合的第一聚焦注入单元47、57，其用于将输出镜输出的纳秒巨脉冲种子聚焦到第一接收光纤48、58 中；
与第一接收光纤邻接的第二高功率包层光剥除器49、59，以剥除泄露到包层的纳秒脉冲，进而得到纯净的种子脉冲信号。采用这种方案的氙灯+固体增益介质的结构设计，使该方案具有较好的鲁棒性，能够输出较高(0.1-10mJ)的纳秒脉冲能量(相对于放大系统中的氙灯+固体增益介质，能量要低一些)，种子源输出的高脉冲能量有利于后面放大器的能量增益，获得更高的效率，抑制自发辐射放大，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，适应性好，稳定性好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图5所示，在另一种实例中，所述泵浦组件被替换为包括：与第二固体增益介质55相配合且具有预设角度的两块第一双色镜53、54；
其中，泵浦光通过其中一块第一双色镜进入第二固体增益介质，再通过另一块第一双色镜分离，实现出光操作。采用这种方案的泵浦光从其中一块双色镜Ⅰ进入第二固体增益介质，形成粒子数反转，提供能量增益，再从另一块双色镜Ⅱ分离，亦可从双色镜Ⅱ进入，从双色镜Ⅰ分离，并通过二极管泵浦+双色镜+固体增益介质的结构设计，可以在保持较高单脉冲能量情况下，有效提高脉冲种子源的输出功率(可达到100W)(因为二极管泵浦可以是连续泵浦，而氙灯不能连续泵浦)，因此在较高单脉冲能量情况下，提高种子源的功率，能够提升放大器效率，抑制自发辐射放大，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，稳定性好，适应性好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
本发明方案1中纳秒脉冲网路的放大系统12，可以由图6或者图7或者图8或者图9所示。
如图6-7所示，在另一种实例中，各所述放大系统包括：相互配合的第一信号整理组件，第一信号增益组件以及第一信号分离组件；
所述第一信号整理组件包括与纳秒种子光源系统61、71相连接的第一光隔离器62、72，模场适配器63、73，其中，放大系统中的第一光隔离器直接与分束系统分束后的各束光连接；
所述第一信号增益组件包括：与模场适配器相配合的正向合束器65，第一放大器泵浦源64及第一大模场增益光纤66，其中，第一放大器泵浦源产生相应的泵浦光，经正向合束器的泵浦臂，沿与信号传输方向注入第一大模场增益光纤，提供激光增益；
所述第一信号分离组件包括：与第一信号增益组件信号输出端连接，以将泄露到包层的信号光进行剥除的第三高功率包层光剥除器67、77。采用这种方案中的正向泵浦的方式激励超大模场增益光纤，其中所采用的大模场正向合束器技术成熟度高，成本低，能够有效提供生产品质和压低成本，且通过结构设计，可以根据具体的需要，对其进行调整，以适应不同的使用需要，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，适应性好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图7所示，在另一种实例中，所述信号增益组件被替换为包括：与模场适配器相配合的第二大模场增益光纤74、反向合束器75及第二放大器泵浦源76；
其中，第二放大器泵浦源产生相应的泵浦光，经反向合束器的泵浦臂，沿与信号传输方向的相反方向注入第二大模场增益光纤，激光稀土离子跃迁，提供激光增益。采用这种方案中的反向泵浦的方式激励超大模场增益光纤，采用反向泵浦的方式，能够有效抑制自发辐射，提高光转换效率，从而获得更高效的激光输出，并且采用该种方式泵浦，其激发的高阶模更少，有利于优化输出激光的横向模式，有利于激光的长程传输，并通过结构的调整设置，以使其适应不同的应用场合，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，适应性好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图8-9所示，在另一种实例中，各所述放大系统包括：相互配合的第二信号整理组件，第二信号增益组件以及第二信号分离组件；
所述第二信号整理组件包括与纳秒种子光源系统81、91相连接的第二光隔离器82、92，准直扩束器83、93；
所述第二信号增益组件包括：与准直扩束器相配合的第三固体增益介质 86；
设置在第三固体增益介质两端，且具有预定角度的两块第二双色镜84、85；
设置在信号输出方向且与其中一块第二双色镜邻接的第二聚焦注入单元87、第二接收光纤88；
所述第二信号分离组件包括：与第二信号增益组件信号输出端连接，以将泄露到包层的信号光进行剥除的第四高功率包层光剥除器89、99。采用这种方案的光处理流程配置为，纳秒脉冲种子系统输出的脉冲经光隔离器和准直扩束器后，通过其中一块双色镜Ⅰ进入第三固体增益介质，进行能量增益，放大之后的纳秒脉冲激光通过双色镜Ⅱ，进入聚焦注入系统进行聚焦，之后进入聚焦接收光纤系统，注入光纤，之后再经过第四高功率包层剥除器，剥除泄露到包层的信号光，之后输出到信号合束器，综上，本方案因固体增益介质作为增益材料，可以获得更大能量的激光脉冲输出，其相对于光纤作为增益介质，固体增益介质具有更大的有效模场面积，而输出脉冲能量与增益介质的有效模场面积成正比，因此采用固体增益介质能够有效增大模场面积，输出更大能量的激光脉冲，例如可以输出数mJ到数十J能量的纳秒脉冲，具有适应性好，可操作性强，稳定性好，性能优异的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
如图9所示，在另一种实例中，所述第二信号增益组件被替换为包括：与准直扩束器93相配合的第四固体增益介质96；
与第四固体增益介质相配合的第二泵浦氙灯95、第二泵浦聚光器94；
设置在第四固体增益介质的信号输出方向的第三聚焦单元97、第三接收光纤98。采用这种方案光处理流程配置为，纳秒脉冲种子系统输出的脉冲经光隔离器和准直扩束器后，耦合进第四入固体增益介质，进行能量增益；第二泵浦氙灯发出的泵浦光通过第二泵浦聚光器进入固体增益介质，形成粒子数反转，提供能量增益；放大之后的纳秒脉冲激光进入聚焦注入系统进行聚焦，之后进入聚焦接收光纤系统，注入光纤，之后再经过第四高功率包层剥除器，剥除泄露到包层的信号光，之后输出到信号合束器，综上，本方案采 用氙灯作为泵浦源，相对于上述采用二极管+双色镜的泵浦方式而言，其鲁棒性更强，在长程运输后，可减少调试时间，另外，采用氙灯泵浦可以实现低重复频率，超大脉冲能量的输出，例如可以实现10Hz，单脉冲能量100J的纳秒脉冲输出，具有可实施效果好，可操作性强，适应性好的有利之处。并且，这种方式只是一种较佳实例的说明，但并不局限于此。在实施本发明时，可以根据使用者需求进行适当的替换和/或修改。
本发明采用外部同步触发系统+光纤延迟线+信号合束器的结构，可以用于在预定范围内调节纳秒脉冲激光的平均功率和脉宽，且使得纳秒脉冲种子系统得到高信噪比，而在具体实施中，本发明的部件可以根据需要进行适当的选择或替换，具体如下所示：
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中脉冲电信号延迟系统可以选用其他外部同步触发系统。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中，如果有脉冲电信号延迟系统，那么可以有光纤延迟线系统，也可以没有光纤延迟线系统。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中信号合束器可选用3*1,7*1,19*1,37*1,64*1,91*1等其他子束数目的信号合束器。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中信号合束器还可以选用(2+1)*1，(6+1)*1,(18+1)*1,(36+1)*1,(63+1)*1,(90+1)*1等其他子束数目和结构的合束器。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中纳秒脉冲种子光源系统可以选用其他高信噪比纳秒种子光源。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中纳秒脉冲放大网络或者纳秒脉冲放大系统，不仅适用于纳秒脉冲放大，对于高重频的皮秒脉冲放大同样适用。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中纳秒脉冲种子系统或者预放大级中的带通反射镜，可选用高反射率光纤光栅或者带通滤波器加高反射率镜。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中纳秒脉冲放大网络或者纳秒脉冲放大系统中超大模场增益光纤，可以选用光子晶体光纤，晶体光纤，固体增益介质等材料。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中纳秒脉冲种子系统中单模增益光纤，可 以选用光子晶体光纤，晶体光纤，固体增益介质等材料。
本发明的秒脉冲激光光源结构中所采用的滤波声光开关，可以选用滤波电光开光或者声光调制器或者电光调制器。
这里说明的设备数量和处理规模是用来简化本发明的说明的。对本发明脉冲激光光源结构的应用、修改和变化对本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用。它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改。因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，包括：用于将固定功率、脉宽的主激光束进行同步触发和分束，以得到多个分光束脉冲激光的纳秒种子光源系统；
    分别设置在分光束输出链路上，以对各分光束激光进行增益放大的多个放大系统；
    用于对各放大后的各分光束激光信号输出进行延迟调整的纳秒延迟系统；
    用于将经放大延迟后的各分光束信号进行合束处理，以得到功率200W-5000W、脉宽30ns-2000ns可调谐纳秒脉冲激光输出的信号合束器。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，还包括：在所述信号合束器的信号输出端，通过第一高功率包层光剥除器、输出端帽进而与外设实现连接；
    其中，所述纳秒种子光源系统包括：
    纳秒种子单元或纳秒种子光源，其用于将产生的固定功率、脉宽的主激光束，进行放大、滤波处理以得到纯净的种子脉冲信号；
    激光脉冲分束器件，其用于将纳秒种子单元或纳秒种子光源产生的种子脉冲信号进行分束处理；
    所述延迟系统被设置为在各放大系统的信号输出方向上，以对其输出脉冲间的时间延迟进行调整的光纤延迟线和/或与纳秒种子单元相配合的脉冲电信号延迟单元。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，所述纳秒种子单元包括：
    第一带通高反射镜，其表面镀有用以滤除振荡腔内产生的自发辐射放大ASE光谱的带通介质膜；
    与第一带通高反射镜的输出端呈依次相连状的第一单模增益光纤、第一单模合束器、振荡器泵浦源，其中，所述振荡器泵浦源产生的泵浦光，经第一单模合束器的泵浦臂注入第一单模增益光纤，以激发稀土离子并提供激光 增益；
    与第一单模合束器相连，并由脉冲电信号延迟系统控制触发以实现增益状态控制和ASE光谱滤波的第一声光开关；
    与第一滤波声光开关相连的低反光栅，其用于将部分信号光反射回振荡腔形成反馈，另一部分信号光则输出至后级；
    与低反光栅相连，以剥除少量泄露至包层的泵浦光功率，得到纯净的种子脉冲信号传输至后级的第一低功率包层光剥除器。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，所述纳秒种子单元包括：
    由脉冲电信号延迟系统触发，以产生不同脉宽纳秒种子脉冲的光电二极管；
    产生的纳秒脉冲依次进入三端环形器、第二声光开关、第二低功率包层剥除器、第二单模增益光纤，以进行功率放大；
    与第二单模增益光纤输出端依次相连的第二单模合束器、预放大泵浦源，其中，所述预放大泵浦源产生的泵浦光经第二单模合束器的泵浦臂注入第二单模增益光纤，激发稀土离子并提供激光增益；
    与第二单模合束器信号臂相连的第二带通高反射镜，其中，所述第二带通高反射镜将信号光反射，以使其在光传输区间内反向传输放大，进而通过三端环形器的第三端口输出对应的种子脉冲信号。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，所述纳秒种子单元包括：相互配合的泵浦组件，增益组件，聚焦耦合组件；
    所述泵浦组件可以被配置为相配合的第一泵浦氙灯、第一泵浦聚光器，其中，所述第一泵浦氙灯闪光，第一泵浦聚光器将泵浦光进行反射，将泵浦光耦合进入第一固体增益介质；
    所述增益组件包括：与泵浦组件相配合的第一固体增益介质、设置在其两端的端面反射镜、输出镜以及设置在第一固体增益介质与端面反射镜之间的第三声光开关，其中，所述第一固体增益介质被泵浦组件泵浦，实现光粒子数反转，提供增益，产生的自发辐射光在端面反射镜与输出镜之间进行选 模振荡和放大，第三声光开关，其用于对自发辐射光进行调Q操作，在第一固体介质的放大下以形成纳秒脉冲种子；
    所述聚焦耦合组件包括：与输出镜输出方向相配合的第一聚焦注入单元，其用于将输出镜输出的纳秒脉冲种子聚焦耦合到第一接收光纤中；
    与第一接收光纤邻接的第二高功率包层光剥除器，以剥除泄露到包层的纳秒脉冲，进而得到纯净的种子脉冲信号。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，所述泵浦组件被替换为包括：与第二固体增益介质相配合且具有预设角度的两块第一双色镜；
    其中，泵浦光通过其中一块第一双色镜进入第二固体增益介质，再通过另一块第一双色镜分离，实现出光操作。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，各所述放大系统包括：相互配合的第一信号整理组件，第一信号增益组件以及第一信号分离组件；
    所述第一信号整理组件包括与纳秒种子光源系统相连接的第一光隔离器、模场适配器；
    所述第一信号增益组件包括：与模场适配器相配合的正向合束器、第一放大器泵浦源及第一大模场增益光纤，其中，第一放大器泵浦源产生相应的泵浦光，经正向合束器的泵浦臂，沿与信号传输方向注入第一大模场增益光纤，提供激光增益；
    所述第一信号分离组件包括：与第一信号增益组件信号输出端连接，以将泄露到包层的信号光进行剥除的第三高功率包层光剥除器。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，所述信号增益组件被替换为包括：与模场适配器相配合的第二大模场增益光纤、反向合束器及第二放大器泵浦源；
    其中，第二放大器泵浦源产生相应的泵浦光，经反向合束器的泵浦臂，沿与信号传输方向的相反方向注入第二大模场增益光纤，提供激光增益。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，各所述放大系统包括：相互配合的第二信号整理组件，第二信号 增益组件以及第二信号分离组件；
    所述第二信号整理组件包括与纳秒种子光源系统相连接的第二光隔离器、准直扩束器；
    所述第二信号增益组件包括：与准直扩束器相配合的第三固体增益介质；
    设置在第三固体增益介质两端，且具有预定角度的两块第二双色镜；
    设置在信号输出方向且与其中一块第二双色镜邻接的第二聚焦注入单元、第二接收光纤；
    所述第二信号分离组件包括：与第二信号增益组件信号输出端连接，以将泄露到包层的信号光进行剥除的第四高功率包层光剥除器。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构，其特征在于，所述第二信号增益组件被替换为包括：与准直扩束器相配合的第四固体增益介质；
    与第四固体增益介质相配合的第二泵浦氙灯、第二泵浦聚光器；
    设置在第四固体增益介质的信号输出方向的第三聚焦单元、第三接收光纤。
PCT/CN2019/112887 2019-02-22 2019-10-24 脉宽和功率可调谐的纳秒脉冲激光光源结构 WO2020168733A1 (zh)

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