WO2020164396A1 - 纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2020164396A1
WO2020164396A1 PCT/CN2020/074130 CN2020074130W WO2020164396A1 WO 2020164396 A1 WO2020164396 A1 WO 2020164396A1 CN 2020074130 W CN2020074130 W CN 2020074130W WO 2020164396 A1 WO2020164396 A1 WO 2020164396A1
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nanofiber
layer
base layer
layers
base
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PCT/CN2020/074130
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯荣超
杨一宏
李家骏
宋语嫣
余家杰
姜乐恒
苏敬豪
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冯荣超
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0028—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions provided with antibacterial or antifungal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter, and more specifically, to a nanofiber filter and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning, HVAC
  • the main purpose of the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning, HVAC) system is to help maintain good indoor air quality and provide thermal comfort by using filtered adequate ventilation. Proper air filtration and maintenance of the HVAC system will bring better conditions and air quality to the occupants of the building, and increase the efficiency and life of the HVAC system.
  • Conventional HVAC air filters in building ventilation systems can block particles in the air. However, these filters do not have the ability to remove volatile organic compounds VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) and kill airborne pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a filter that can remove VOCs and kill bacteria.
  • the nanofiber filter provided by the present invention includes at least one nanofiber layer and at least one base layer.
  • the nanofiber layer includes a hydrophobic synthetic polymer containing metal-doped nano active absorbing particles, and the nanofiber layer is electrospinned. The process is formed on the base layer.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon, polyvinyl chloride or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the metal-doped nano active absorption particles are activated carbon, zeolite or aerogel particles doped with silver ions, zinc ions or manganese ions.
  • the base layer is a polymer skeleton nonwoven film or a coarse polymer filter film, and the base layer is made of polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the nanofiber filter includes a nanofiber layer and two base layers.
  • the first base layer and the second base layer of the two base layers are laminated, and the first base layer is A polymer skeleton nonwoven membrane, the second base layer is a coarse polymer filter membrane, and the nanofiber layer is formed on the first base layer.
  • the nanofiber filter includes two nanofiber layers and a base layer, and the first nanofiber layer of the two nanofiber layers has a relatively high ratio with respect to the second nanofiber layer.
  • the base layer is located between the first nanofiber layer and the second nanofiber layer.
  • the nanofiber filter includes two nanofiber layers and two base layers, the two base layers are located between the two nanofiber layers, and the first base layer and the The second base layer is laminated, the first base layer is a polymer skeleton nonwoven membrane, the second base layer is a polymer coarse filter membrane, and the first nanofiber layer of the two nanofiber layers is formed on the first On the base layer, a second nanofiber layer is formed on the second base layer, and the first nanofiber layer has a higher porosity, a smaller pore size, and a larger thickness than the second nanofiber layer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a nanofiber filter, according to which the nanofiber filter can remove VOCs and kill bacteria.
  • the manufacturing method of the nanofiber filter provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the nanofiber layer includes a hydrophobic synthetic polymer containing metal-doped nano-active absorbing particles.
  • the metal-doped nano active absorbing particles are prepared by the following method:
  • the inorganic nano particles are zeolite, activated carbon or aerogel particles, and the metal ions are silver ions, copper ions or manganese ions.
  • the forming a nanofiber layer on the base layer by an electrospinning process includes:
  • the electrospinning process is used to spin the spinning mixture on the base layer to form a nanofiber layer.
  • an additive used to accelerate the volatilization of the organic solvent during the electrospinning process is added to the organic solvent.
  • the additive is acetone, ethanol or methyl ethyl ketone.
  • the weight is 10% to 90% of the weight of the organic solvent.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon, polyvinyl chloride or polymethyl methacrylate, and the hydrophobic synthetic polymer is The weight of the polymer is 4% to 13% of the weight of the organic solvent.
  • the weight of the metal-doped nano active absorbing particles is 0.2% to 5% of the weight of the organic solvent.
  • the voltage used in the electrospinning process is 0.5Kv ⁇ 60Kv
  • the feed rate is 0.1ml/hr ⁇ 99.9ml/hr
  • the tip reaches the collector
  • the distance is 60mm ⁇ 150mm
  • the speed is 0.67mm/min ⁇ 1339mm/min
  • the spinneret size is 0.06mm ⁇ 1.2mm.
  • the base layer is a polymer skeleton nonwoven film or a coarse polymer filter film, and the base layer is made of polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the nanofiber filter includes a nanofiber layer and two base layers, and the first base layer and the second base layer of the two base layers are laminated, and the first The base layer is a polymer skeleton non-woven film, the second base layer is a coarse polymer filter membrane, and the nanofiber layer is formed on the first base layer.
  • the nanofiber filter includes two nanofiber layers and a base layer, and the first nanofiber layer of the two nanofiber layers is opposite to the second nanofiber layer.
  • the base layer is located between the first nanofiber layer and the second nanofiber layer.
  • the nanofiber filter includes two nanofiber layers and two base layers, the two base layers are located between the two nanofiber layers, and the first of the two base layers
  • the base layer and the second base layer are laminated, the first base layer is a polymer skeleton non-woven film, the second base layer is a polymer coarse filter film, and the first nanofiber layer of the two nanofiber layers is formed on the On the first base layer, a second nanofiber layer is formed on the second base layer, and the first nanofiber layer has a higher porosity, a smaller pore size and a larger size relative to the second nanofiber layer. thickness.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer of the nanofiber layer contains metal-doped nano-active absorbing particles, it can absorb VOCs and kill bacteria, which is different from traditional air filters. In comparison, this helps to significantly improve the filtered air quality.
  • the pressure drop of the nanofiber filter of the present invention is significantly lower than that of a conventional filter with the same filtration efficiency.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a nanofiber filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1b is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a nanofiber filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1c is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the nanofiber filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1d is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the nanofiber filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a nanofiber filter according to the present invention
  • Figure 3a is a 2000 times scanning electron microscope image of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers
  • Figure 3b is a scanning electron microscope image of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers magnified 10000 times;
  • Figure 3c is a photograph of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers collected on a polyethylene terephthalate skeleton nonwoven film
  • Figure 4a is a 2000 times scanning electron microscope image of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers
  • Figure 4b is a scanning electron microscope image of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers magnified 10000 times;
  • Figure 4c is a photograph of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers collected on a polyethylene terephthalate skeleton nonwoven film
  • Figure 5a is a 2000 times scanning electron microscope image of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers embedded with copper-doped activated carbon in an embodiment of the nanofiber filter according to the present application;
  • 5b is a scanning electron microscope image of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers embedded with copper-doped activated carbon in an embodiment of the nanofiber filter according to the present application;
  • Figure 6a is an energy spectrometer surface scan of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers embedded with copper-doped activated carbon in an embodiment of the nanofiber filter according to the present application;
  • 6b is an energy spectrometer analysis diagram of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers embedded with copper-doped activated carbon in an embodiment of the nanofiber filter according to the present application;
  • Figure 7 is a graph of the antibacterial test of silver-doped zeolite on MacConkey agar plates.
  • the present invention provides a nanofiber filter.
  • the nanofiber filter includes at least one nanofiber layer and at least one base layer, wherein the nanofiber layer includes a hydrophobic synthetic polymer containing metal-doped nano active absorbing particles.
  • the fiber layer is formed on the base layer through an electrospinning process. Since the nanofiber layer contains metal-doped nano-active adsorption particles, it can absorb VOCs in the air, and the doped metal ions can kill bacteria in the air, thereby achieving the purpose of removing VOCs and killing bacteria.
  • the nanofiber filter of this embodiment includes a nanofiber layer 10 and a base layer 20.
  • the nanofiber layer 20 includes metal-doped nanofibers.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer can be polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , And any other conventionally applicable hydrophobic synthetic polymers. Due to the use of hydrophobic synthetic polymers, the nanofiber layer can prevent water molecules from intruding during filtration.
  • the nano-fiber layer can remove VOCs. These nano-active absorbing particles can be activated carbon, zeolite or aerogel particles, and any other conventionally applicable nano-active absorbing particles.
  • metal ions can be doped into the nano active absorption particles, and the metal ions can be silver ions, zinc ions, or manganese ions, as well as any other conventionally applicable metal ions.
  • the nanofiber layer 10 is formed on the base layer 20 through an electrospinning process.
  • the base layer 20 can be a polymer skeleton non-woven film to serve as a collector of the nanofiber layer to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofiber filter.
  • the base layer 20 can also be a coarse polymer filter membrane to maintain the capacity of nanofibers.
  • the base layer 20 may be made of polypropylene (PT) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and any other conventionally applicable polymers.
  • the nanofiber filter of this embodiment includes a nanofiber layer 10 and two base layers 20a, 20b.
  • the first base layer 20a and the second base layer 20b are stacked, and the first base layer 20a and the second base layer 20b may be adhered to each other by a hot rolling technique.
  • the first base layer 20a is a polymer skeleton non-woven film, which can enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofiber filter and allow the filter medium to be pleated, and the nanofiber layer 10 is formed on the first base layer 20a.
  • the second base layer 20b is a coarse polymer filter membrane, and the second base layer 20b is used to prevent large particles from passing through the nanofiber filter and protect the nanofiber layer 10.
  • the second base layer 20b has a larger thickness to enhance particle retention.
  • FIG. 1c it is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the nanofiber filter of the present invention.
  • the nanofiber filter of this embodiment includes two nanofiber layers 10a, 10b and a base layer 20.
  • the base layer 20 is located on the first nanofiber layer.
  • the first nanofiber layer 10a of the two nanofiber layers 10a and 10b has a higher porosity, a smaller pore size and a larger thickness.
  • the second nanofiber layer 20b contains metal-doped nano active absorbing particles.
  • FIG. 1d it is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the nanofiber filter of the present invention.
  • the nanofiber filter of this embodiment includes two nanofiber layers 10a, 10b and two base layers 20a, 20b, and two base layers 20a, 20b. Located between the two nanofiber layers 10a, 10b, the first base layer 20a and the second base layer 20b of the two base layers 20a, 20b are stacked, and the first base layer 20a and the second base layer 20b can be adhered to each other by hot rolling technology.
  • the base layer 20a is a polymer skeleton nonwoven membrane
  • the second base layer 20b is a polymer coarse filter membrane
  • the first nanofiber layer 10a of the two nanofiber layers 10a, 10b is formed on the first base layer
  • the second nanofiber layer 10b is formed On the second base layer 20b
  • the first nanofiber layer 10a has a higher porosity, a smaller pore size and a larger thickness than the second nanofiber layer 10b
  • the fiber layer 20b contains metal-doped nano active absorbing particles.
  • the base layer in the above embodiments can be used in other embodiments, and the nanofiber layer in the above embodiments can also be used in other embodiments.
  • the present invention also provides a nanofiber filter manufacturing method.
  • the manufacturing method mainly includes the following steps: providing at least one base layer; forming at least one nanofiber filter on the base layer using an electrospinning process Fiber layer; wherein the nanofiber layer includes a hydrophobic synthetic polymer containing metal-doped nano-active absorbing particles.
  • the base layer can be a polymer skeleton non-woven film to serve as a collector of the nanofiber layer to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofiber filter.
  • the base layer can also be a coarse polymer filter membrane to maintain the capacity of nanofibers.
  • the base layer can be made of polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate, and any other conventionally applicable polymers.
  • the inorganic nanoparticles obtained by the exchange are dried at a temperature of 90-150 degrees Celsius to obtain metal-doped nano-active absorbing particles 103.
  • the inorganic nanoparticles used in the manufacturing method of the nanofiber filter of the present invention can be zeolite, activated carbon or aerogel particles, as well as any other conventionally applicable inorganic nanoparticles, and the metal ions can be silver ions, copper ions or manganese ions, And any other conventionally applicable metal ions.
  • zeolite is selected for inorganic nanoparticles, Y-type, X-type and A-type zeolite, or other suitable zeolite types can be selected.
  • forming a nanofiber layer on the base layer by the electrospinning process includes:
  • the electrospinning process is used to spin the spinning mixture on the base layer to form a nanofiber layer.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer 104 and the metal-doped nano-active adsorption particles 103 are added to the organic solvent to form the spinning mixture 105, and the spinning mixture 105 is added to the electrospinning syringe 107, and passes through the lower end of the syringe 107.
  • the Taylor cone 108 is spun to form a nanofiber layer on the base layer 106, thereby forming a nanofiber filter.
  • an additive used to accelerate the volatilization of the organic solvent during the electrospinning process is added to the organic solvent, and the additive is acetone, ethanol or methyl ethyl ketone, and any other conventionally applicable additives ,
  • the weight of the additive is 10% to 90% of the weight of the organic solvent.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon, polyvinyl chloride or polymethyl methacrylate, and any other conventionally applicable Hydrophobic synthetic polymer, the weight of the hydrophobic synthetic polymer is 4% to 13% of the weight of the organic solvent.
  • the weight of the metal-doped nano active absorbing particles is 0.2% to 5% of the weight of the organic solvent.
  • the electrostatic spinning equipment electrostatically spins the prepared spinning mixture into nanofibers.
  • the air pressure drop and filtration efficiency are related to the porosity and thickness of the nanofibers
  • several electrospinning parameters can be adjusted, such as voltage, feed rate, distance from the tip to the collector, and movement rate to control the shape and porosity of the nanofibers Rate and thickness and other parameters to obtain the desired properties of nanofibers.
  • Both polymer nonwoven membranes and polymer coarse filter membranes can be used as collectors to collect nanofibers formed by electrospinning.
  • HVAC nanofiber filters with different filtration efficiency and pressure drop can be obtained by adjusting the surface density of the base layer and the electrospinning parameters.
  • the porosity and thickness of the nanofiber layer can be controlled by adjusting the electrospinning parameters, such as voltage, tip-to-collector distance, feed rate, moving speed, rotation speed and spinneret size to obtain a composite with high filtration efficiency Filter, and the pressure drop is relatively low.
  • the voltage used in the electrospinning process can be 0.5Kv ⁇ 60Kv
  • the feed rate can be 0.1ml/hr ⁇ 99.9ml/hr
  • the tip to the set The distance of the electrodes can be 60mm ⁇ 150mm
  • the speed can be 0.67mm/min ⁇ 1339mm/min
  • the size of the spinneret can be 0.06mm ⁇ 1.2mm.
  • the nanofiber filter includes a nanofiber layer and two base layers.
  • the first base layer and the second base layer of the two base layers are laminated, and the first base layer is a polymer skeleton.
  • Non-woven membrane, the second base layer is a coarse polymer filter membrane, and the nanofiber layer is formed on the first base layer.
  • the nanofiber filter includes two nanofiber layers and a base layer, and the first nanofiber layer of the two nanofiber layers has a higher height than the second nanofiber layer.
  • the base layer is located between the first nanofiber layer and the second nanofiber layer.
  • the nanofiber filter includes two nanofiber layers and two base layers, the two base layers are located between the two nanofiber layers, the first base layer and the second base layer of the two base layers Laminated arrangement, the first base layer is a polymer skeleton non-woven membrane, the second base layer is a polymer coarse filter membrane, the first nanofiber layer of the two nanofiber layers is formed on the first base layer, and the second nanofiber layer is formed on the second On the second base layer, the first nanofiber layer has a higher porosity, a smaller pore size and a larger thickness than the second nanofiber layer.
  • Figure 3a and Figure 3b show scanning electron microscope images of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers at different magnifications, which are collected on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) skeleton nonwoven ⁇ The membrane.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show scanning electron microscopy images of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers at different magnifications. The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers are also collected in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) On the skeleton non-woven film. Comparing Fig. 3c and Fig.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • FIGs 5a and 5b show scanning electron microscope images of different multiples of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers embedded with copper-doped activated carbon formed by the nanofiber filter manufacturing method of the present invention.
  • Figures 6a and 6b show energy spectrometer scanning analysis diagrams of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers embedded with copper-doped activated carbon formed by the nanofiber filter manufacturing method of the present invention. As the analysis diagram shows that the nanofiber layer is evenly distributed with activated carbon and copper, the surface is successfully contained in the nanofiber layer by electrospinning the copper-doped activated carbon.
  • the hydrophobic synthetic polymer of the nanofiber layer contains metal-doped nano-active absorbing particles, it can absorb VOCs and kill bacteria, which is different from traditional air filters. In comparison, this helps to significantly improve the filtered air quality.
  • the pressure drop of the nanofiber filter of the present invention is significantly lower than that of a conventional filter with the same filtration efficiency. Tests have shown that the nanofiber filter of the present invention can effectively remove VOCs and kill bacteria, can greatly improve indoor air quality, and prolong the service life of the HVAC system.
  • Figure 7 shows the antibacterial test of silver-doped zeolite on MacConkey agar plates. Escherichia coli appears as pink to red colonies on MacConkey agar plates. E. coli colonies can be seen around the filter paper soaked with untreated zeolite, and inhibition zones appear around the filter paper soaked with silver-doped zeolite, which indicates that the silver-doped zeolite can effectively kill bacteria.

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Abstract

一种纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法，纳米纤维过滤器包括至少一纳米纤维层（10）和至少一基层（20），纳米纤维层（10）包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物，纳米纤维层（10）通过静电纺丝工艺形成在集层（20）上；制造方法包括：提供至少一基层（20）；利用静电纺丝工艺在基层（20）上形成至少一纳米纤维层（10）；纳米纤维层（10）包括金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物。由于在纳米纤维层（10）的疏水性合成聚合物中含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒，既可以吸收VOCs又能杀灭细菌，与传统的空气过滤器相比，有助于改善过滤后的空气质量。

Description

纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及过滤器，更具体地说，涉及一种纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法。
背景技术
空气污染是世界上主要的环境健康风险。人们不仅需要户外个人防护，还需要适当的空气过滤器，以有效保护室内空气质量，同时保持足够的通风。暖通空调(Heating，Ventilation，and Air-Conditioning，HVAC)系统的主要目的是通过使用过滤的充分通风来帮助保持良好的室内空气质量并提供热舒适性。适当的空气过滤和HVAC系统的维护将为建筑物的居住者带来更好的条件和空气质量，并且提高HVAC系统的效率和寿命。建筑物通风系统内的常规HVAC空气过滤器可以阻挡空气中的微粒。但是，这些过滤器不具备去除挥发性有机物VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs)和杀死空气传播的病原体的能力。因此需要开发一种能够去除VOCs并杀死细菌的过滤器。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种纳米纤维过滤器，能够去除VOCs并杀死细菌。本发明所提供的纳米纤维过滤器包括至少一纳米纤维层和至少一基层，所述纳米纤维层包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物，所述纳米纤维层通过静电纺丝工艺形成在所述基层上。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例，所述疏水性合成聚合物为聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、尼龙、聚氯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例，所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒为掺杂有银离子、锌离子或锰离子的活性炭、沸石或气凝胶颗粒。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例，所述基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜或聚合物粗过滤膜，所述基层由聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层上。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和一基层，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层相对于第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，所述基层位于所述第一纳米纤维层和第二纳米纤维层之间。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层位于两纳米纤维层之间，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层上，第二纳米纤维层形成在所述第二基层上，所述第一纳米纤维层相对于所述第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种纳米纤维过滤器的制造方法，根据该方法制造出纳米纤维过滤器能够去除VOCs并杀死细菌。本发明所提供的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法包括以下步骤：
提供至少一基层；
利用静电纺丝工艺在所述基层上形成至少一纳米纤维层；
所述纳米纤维层包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒通过以下方法制得：
将无机纳米颗粒与至少一种含金属离子的盐溶液交换至原始金属离子含量小于30％；
洗涤去除多余的盐；
在90～150摄氏度的温度下干燥交换得到的无机纳米颗粒以获得所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒；
所述无机纳米颗粒为沸石、活性炭或气凝胶颗粒，所述金属离子为银离子、铜离子或锰离子。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述利用静电纺丝工艺在所述基层上形成一纳米纤维层包括：
将所述疏水性合成聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中以获得纺丝混合物，所述有机溶剂中添加有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒；
利用静电纺丝工艺将所述纺丝混合物在所述基层上纺丝以形成纳米纤维层。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述有机溶剂中添加有用于加速静电纺丝过程中有机溶剂挥发的添加剂，所述添加剂为丙酮、乙醇或丁酮，所述添加剂的重量为所述有机溶剂重量的10％～90％。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述疏水性合成聚合物为聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、尼龙、聚氯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，所述疏水性合成聚合物的重量为所述有机溶剂重量的4％～13％。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的重量为所述有机溶剂重量的0.2％～5％。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述静电纺丝工艺中所采用的电压为0.5Kv～60Kv，进料速率为0.1ml/hr～99.9ml/hr，尖端到集电极的距离为60mm～150mm，转速为0.67mm/min～1339mm/min，喷丝头尺寸为0.06mm～1.2mm。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述基层为聚合物 骨架非织造膜或聚合物粗过滤膜，所述基层由聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和一基层，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层相对于第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，所述基层位于所述第一纳米纤维层和第二纳米纤维层之间。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层位于两纳米纤维层之间，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层上，第二纳米纤维层形成在所述第二基层上，所述第一纳米纤维层相对于所述第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法中，由于在纳米纤维层的疏水性合成聚合物中含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒，既可以吸收VOCs又能够杀死细菌，与传统空气过滤器相比，这有助于显着改善过滤后的空气质量。此外，由于采用纳米技术，本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的压降明显低于相同过滤效率的传统过滤器。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1a是根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例的结构示意图；
图1b是根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的另一实施例的结构示意图；
图1c是根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的又一实施例的结构示意图；
图1d是根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的又一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例的示意图；
图3a是聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的放大2000倍的扫描电子显微镜图像；
图3b是聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的放大10000倍的扫描电子显微镜图像；
图3c是收集在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯骨架非织造膜上的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的照片；
图4a是聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的放大2000倍的扫描电子显微镜图像；
图4b是聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的放大10000倍的扫描电子显微镜图像；
图4c是收集在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯骨架非织造膜上的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的照片；
图5a是根据本申请的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例中嵌有铜掺杂活性炭的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的2000倍的扫描电子显微镜图像；
图5b是根据本申请的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例中嵌有铜掺杂活性炭的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的5000倍的扫描电子显微镜图像；
图6a是根据本申请的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例中嵌有铜掺杂活性炭的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的能谱仪面扫描图；
图6b是根据本申请的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例中嵌有铜掺杂活性炭的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的能谱仪分析图；
图7是银掺杂沸石在麦康凯琼脂平板上的抗菌试验图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
下面详细描述本发明的纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法的实施例，这些实施 例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“上端”、“下端”、“上部”、“下部”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本发明提供了一种纳米纤维过滤器，该纳米纤维过滤器至少包括一纳米纤维层和至少一基层，其中，纳米纤维层包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物，该纳米纤维层通过静电纺丝工艺形成在基层上。由于纳米纤维层含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸附颗粒，可以吸收空气中的VOCs，而且掺杂的金属离子则可以杀死空气中的细菌，从而达到除去VOCs并杀死细菌的目的。
如图1a所示，为本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的一实施例的示意图，该实施例的纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层10和一基层20，纳米纤维层20包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物，疏水性合成聚合物可以是聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、尼龙、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)，以及其他任何常规适用的疏水性合成聚合物，由于采用疏水性合成聚合物，纳米纤维层可以防止水分子在过滤期间侵入。由于含有纳米活性吸收颗粒，纳米纤维层可以除去VOCs，这些纳米活性吸收颗粒可以是活性炭、沸石或气凝胶颗粒，以及其他任何常规适用的纳米活性吸收颗粒。为了使得纳米纤维过滤器能够实现抗菌功能，可以将金属离子掺杂到纳米活性吸收颗粒中，金属离子可以是银离子、锌离子或锰离子，以及其他任何常规适用的金属离子。纳米纤维层10通过静电纺丝工艺形成在基层20上，基 层20可以是聚合物骨架非织造膜，以做为纳米纤维层的收集体，增强纳米纤维过滤器的机械性能。基层20也可以是聚合物粗过滤膜，用以保持纳米纤维的容量。基层20可以由聚丙烯(PT)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)，以及其他任何常规适用的聚合物制成。
如图1b所示，为本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的另一实施例的示意图，该实施例的纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层10和两基层20a、20b，两基层20a、20b中的第一基层20a和第二基层20b层叠设置，第一基层20a和第二基层20b可以通过热轧技术彼此粘附。其中，第一基层20a为聚合物骨架非织造膜，其可以增强纳米纤维过滤器的机械性能，允许过滤介质打褶，纳米纤维层10形成在第一基层20a上。第二基层20b为聚合物粗过滤膜，第二基层20b用于防止大颗粒通过纳米纤维过滤器并保护纳米纤维层10。另外，第二基层20b具有较大的厚度以增强颗粒保持能力。
如图1c所示，为本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的又一实施例的示意图，该实施例的纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层10a、10b和一基层20，基层20位于第一纳米纤维10a和第二纳米纤维层10b之间。两纳米纤维层10a、10b中的第一纳米纤维层10a相对于第二纳米纤维层10b具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，第一纳米纤维层10a和/或第二纳米纤维层20b含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒。
如图1d所示，为本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的又一实施例的示意图，该实施例的纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层10a、10b和两基层20a、20b，两基层20a、20b位于两纳米纤维层10a、10b之间，两基层20a、20b中的第一基层20a和第二基层20b层叠设置，第一基层20a和第二基层20b可以通过热轧技术彼此粘附，第一基层20a为聚合物骨架非织造膜，第二基层20b为聚合物粗过滤膜，两纳米纤维层10a、10b中的第一纳米纤维层10a形成在第一基层上，第二纳米纤维层10b形成在第二基层20b上，第一纳米纤维层10a相对于第二纳米纤维层10b具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，第一纳米 纤维层10a和/或第二纳米纤维层20b含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器中，上述各实施例中的基层可以用在其他实施例中，上述各实施例中的纳米纤维层也可以用于其他实施例中。
本发明除了提供一种纳米纤维过滤器之外，还提供了一种纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，该制造方法主要包括以下步骤：提供至少一基层；利用静电纺丝工艺在基层上形成至少一纳米纤维层；其中，纳米纤维层包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物。
基层可以是聚合物骨架非织造膜，以做为纳米纤维层的收集体，增强纳米纤维过滤器的机械性能。基层也可以是聚合物粗过滤膜，用以保持纳米纤维的容量。基层可以由聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯，以及其他任何常规适用的聚合物制成。
根据本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例的具体步骤可以参看图2，其中，金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒通过以下方法制得：
将无机纳米颗粒101与至少一种含金属离子的盐溶液102交换至原始金属离子含量小于30％(重量)，也即使含金属离子的盐溶液102中70％的原始金属离子交换至无机纳米颗粒中；
洗涤去除多余的盐；
在90～150摄氏度的温度下干燥交换得到的无机纳米颗粒以获得金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒103。
本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法中所采用的无机纳米颗粒可以是沸石、活性炭或气凝胶颗粒，以及其他任何常规适用的无机纳米颗粒，金属离子可以是银离子、铜离子或锰离子，以及其他任何常规适用的金属离子。无机纳米颗粒选用沸石时，可以选用Y型、X型和A型沸石，或其他适合的沸石类型。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法中，利用静电纺丝工艺在基层上形成一纳米纤维层包括：
将疏水性合成聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中以获得纺丝混合物，有机溶剂中添加有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒；
利用静电纺丝工艺将纺丝混合物在基层上纺丝以形成纳米纤维层。
具体是，将疏水性合成聚合104和金属掺杂纳米活性吸附颗粒103添加到有机溶剂中，以形成纺丝混合物105，将纺丝混合物105加入到静电纺丝的注射器107中，通过注射器107下端的泰勒圆锥108纺丝在基层106上形成纳米纤维层，由此形成纳米纤维过滤器。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，有机溶剂中添加有用于加速静电纺丝过程中有机溶剂挥发的添加剂，添加剂为丙酮、乙醇或丁酮，以及其他任何常规适用的添加剂，以能加速有机溶剂挥发为宜，添加剂的重量为有机溶剂重量的10％～90％。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，疏水性合成聚合物为聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、尼龙、聚氯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，以及其他任何常规适用的疏水性合成聚合物，疏水性合成聚合物的重量为有机溶剂重量的4％～13％。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的重量为有机溶剂重量的0.2％～5％。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法中，静电纺丝设备将制备的纺丝混合物静电纺丝成纳米纤维。考虑到气压降和过滤效率与纳米纤维的孔隙率和厚度有关，可以调整几个静电纺丝参数，如电压，进料速率，尖端到集电极距离和移动速率，以控制纳米纤维的形态、孔隙率和厚度等参数，以获得所期望的纳米纤维的性能。聚合物非织造膜和聚合物粗滤膜都可以可用作收集体以收集静电纺丝形成的纳米纤维。可以通过调节基层的表面密度和静电纺丝参数以获得具有不同过滤效率和压降的HVAC纳米纤维过滤器。纳米纤维层的孔隙率和厚度可以通过调节静电纺丝参数来控制，例如电压，尖端到集电极距离，进料速率，移动速度，旋转速度和喷丝头尺寸，以获得具有高过 滤效率的复合过滤器，而且压降相对较低。在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，静电纺丝工艺中所采用的电压可以为0.5Kv～60Kv，进料速率可以为0.1ml/hr～99.9ml/hr，尖端到集电极的距离可以为60mm～150mm，转速可以为0.67mm/min～1339mm/min，喷丝头尺寸可以为0.06mm～1.2mm。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层和两基层，两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，纳米纤维层形成在第一基层。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和一基层，两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层相对于第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，基层位于第一纳米纤维层和第二纳米纤维层之间。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法的一实施例中，纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和两基层，两基层位于两纳米纤维层之间，两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层形成在第一基层上，第二纳米纤维层形成在第二基层上，第一纳米纤维层相对于第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度。
图3a和图3b显示了不同放大倍数的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维的扫描电子显微镜图像，该聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维收集在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)骨架非织造膜上。图4a和图4b显示了不同放大倍数的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维的扫描电子显微镜图像，该聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维也收集在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)骨架非织造膜上。对比图3c和图4c可以发现，聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基层相比具有比聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维更好的粘附性。在图3c的图像中，聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维的一 部分已与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基层分离，而聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维在图4c所示的图像中与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基层紧密结合。
图5a、5b示出了利用本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法形成的嵌有铜掺杂活性炭的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维的不同倍数的扫描电子显微镜图像。图6a、6b则示出了利用本发明的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法形成的嵌有铜掺杂活性炭的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维的能谱仪扫描分析图。由于分析图可以看出纳米纤维层均匀地分布有活性炭和铜，表面通过静电纺丝使铜掺杂活性炭成功地包含于纳米纤维层中。
在本发明的纳米纤维过滤器及其制造方法中，由于在纳米纤维层的疏水性合成聚合物中含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒，既可以吸收VOCs又能够杀死细菌，与传统空气过滤器相比，这有助于显着改善过滤后的空气质量。此外，由于采用纳米技术，本发明的纳米纤维过滤器的压降明显低于相同过滤效率的传统过滤器。经过测试表明，本发明的纳米纤维过滤器可以有效的除去VOCs并杀死细菌，可以大大改善室内空气质量，延长HVAC系统的使用寿命。
图7为银掺杂沸石在麦康凯(MacConkey)琼脂平板上的抗菌试验。大肠杆菌在麦康凯(MacConkey)琼脂平板上显示为粉红色到红色的菌落。在用未处理的沸石浸泡的滤纸周围可以看到大肠杆菌菌落，而在用银掺杂的沸石浸泡的滤纸周围出现抑制区，这表明银掺杂的沸石可以有效地杀死细菌。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些落入于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种纳米纤维过滤器，包括至少一纳米纤维层和至少一基层，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维层包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物，所述纳米纤维层通过静电纺丝工艺形成在所述基层上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维过滤器，其特征在于，所述疏水性合成聚合物为聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、尼龙、聚氯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维过滤器，其特征在于，所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒为掺杂有银离子、锌离子或锰离子的活性炭、沸石或气凝胶颗粒。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维过滤器，其特征在于，所述基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜或聚合物粗过滤膜，所述基层由聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维过滤器，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维过滤器，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和一基层，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层相对于第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，所述基层位于所述第一纳米纤维层和第二纳米纤维层之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维过滤器，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层位于两纳米纤维层之间，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层上，第二纳米纤维层形成在所述第二基层上，所 述第一纳米纤维层相对于所述第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度。
  8. 一种纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    提供至少一基层；
    利用静电纺丝工艺在所述基层上形成至少一纳米纤维层；
    所述纳米纤维层包括含有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的疏水性合成聚合物。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒通过以下方法制得：
    将无机纳米颗粒与至少一种含金属离子的盐溶液交换至原始金属离子含量小于30％；
    洗涤去除多余的盐；
    在90～150摄氏度的温度下干燥交换得到的无机纳米颗粒以获得所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒；
    所述无机纳米颗粒为沸石、活性炭或气凝胶颗粒，所述金属离子为银离子、铜离子或锰离子。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述利用静电纺丝工艺在所述基层上形成一纳米纤维层包括：
    将所述疏水性合成聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中以获得纺丝混合物，所述有机溶剂中添加有金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒；
    利用静电纺丝工艺将所述纺丝混合物在所述基层上纺丝以形成纳米纤维层。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述有机溶剂中添加有用于加速静电纺丝过程中有机溶剂挥发的添加剂，所述添加剂为丙酮、乙醇或丁酮，所述添加剂的重量为所述有机溶剂重量的10％～90％。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述疏水性合成聚合物为聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、尼龙、聚氯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，所述疏水性合成聚合物的重量为所述有机溶剂重量的4％～13％。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述金属掺杂纳米活性吸收颗粒的重量为所述有机溶剂重量的0.2％～5％。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述静电纺丝工艺中所采用的电压为0.5Kv～60Kv，进料速率为0.1ml/hr～99.9ml/hr，尖端到集电极的距离为60mm～150mm，转速为0.67mm/min～1339mm/min，喷丝头尺寸为0.06mm～1.2mm。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜或聚合物粗过滤膜，所述基层由聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成。
  16. 根据权利要求8所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括一纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层。
  17. 根据权利要求8所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和一基层，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层相对于第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的厚度，所述基层位于所述第一纳米纤维层和第二纳米纤维层之间。
  18. 根据权利要求8所述的纳米纤维过滤器制造方法，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维过滤器包括两纳米纤维层和两基层，所述两基层位于两纳米纤维层之间，所述两基层中的第一基层和第二基层层叠设置，所述第一基层为聚合物骨架非织造膜，所述第二基层为聚合物粗过滤膜，所述两纳米纤维层中的第一纳米纤维层形成在所述第一基层上，第二纳米纤维层形成在所述第二基层上，所述第一纳米纤维层相对于所述第二纳米纤维层具有较高的孔隙率 、较小的孔径和较大的厚度。
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