WO2020160712A1 - System and method for stimulating oil extraction from an oil-containing formation by applying transverse waves and periodic sound waves - Google Patents

System and method for stimulating oil extraction from an oil-containing formation by applying transverse waves and periodic sound waves Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020160712A1
WO2020160712A1 PCT/CO2019/050002 CO2019050002W WO2020160712A1 WO 2020160712 A1 WO2020160712 A1 WO 2020160712A1 CO 2019050002 W CO2019050002 W CO 2019050002W WO 2020160712 A1 WO2020160712 A1 WO 2020160712A1
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pressure
well
formation
fluid
valve
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PCT/CO2019/050002
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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Alvaro PEÑA CALA
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Peña Cala Alvaro
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Publication of WO2020160712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020160712A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the stimulation of oil-containing formations and in particular to methods and apparatus for mobilizing and recovering oil from oil-containing formations during the course of their exploitation.
  • Elastic wave or seismic stimulation is a known technique for enhancing oil recovery from an oil bearing bed.
  • a method of generating seismic stimulation is shown in Russian Federation Patent No. 2,001,254, in which two unbalanced rotating masses cause vibration in a platform on the surface.
  • the weight, energy and resonance frequency of the vibration generator are calculated according to the physical and mechanical properties of the soil on the oil bed, and harmonic waves are introduced and propagated at the level where the oil is.
  • the device includes a pumping unit and a series of tubes that run through the production casing of the well, hung on the wellhead.
  • a cylinder is installed at the end of the series of tubes.
  • a plunger works in the cylinder at the top of the lift sweep of the pump unit. The plunger is connected to the pump unit by suction rods and a polishing rod. On the ascent of the plunger the fluid in the pipe is compressed. At the top of the lift sweep of the pump unit, the fluid in the production tube is discharged into the production liner generating a shock wave.
  • patent US 6,015,010 which relates to an apparatus for producing a shock wave in a hole, such as a well, which includes a pumping unit arranged at the head of the well. , a series of tubes extending down into the production casing of the well, a hollow cylinder assembly connected to the bottom of the series of tubes, and a pair of pistons arranged within the cylinder assembly and connected to the pumping by sucker rods and a polishing rod to compress the liquid contained within the cylinder assembly and discharge the compressed liquid within the production liner, thus generating a shock wave.
  • the method includes the steps of arranging a device attached to the end of the pipe inside the well in the vicinity of said fracture to generate shock waves, provide a liquid through a turbine inside the device to generate waves shock where the amplitude P a of the shock waves is determined by the following expression:
  • P p is the pore pressure of the formation
  • p is the density of the formation
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • H is the depth of said fracture
  • Pa is the amplitude of the shock wave.
  • shock waves have the advantage of being high-energy waves, which propagate quickly and easily within the formation, but at the same time, due to their high energy, they tend to generate a ram effect while moving through narrow spaces.
  • This ram effect can be detrimental to a formation, since it destabilizes its structure, which may already be unstable due to pretreatments such as, for example, by drilling with the auger or by the use of fluids to break the formation and facilitate the flow of oil.
  • the present application proposes a device and a method to generate transverse waves that travel through the fluid contained in the formation without creating a ram effect.
  • the device comprises a control system consisting of at least one pressure control valve, at least one pressure sensor, at least one timer, at least one pulse counter and at least one vibration sensor placed in the wellhead.
  • the method according to the present invention consists of increasing the pressure within the annular space of the well to a predetermined value, depending on the conditions, characteristics and natural frequency of the well to be stimulated, and then, through the control system, release the pressure in said space in such a way that said pressure release generates one or more pulses that produce vibrations in the fluid contained within the annular space and in the formation itself, which are transmitted transversely through the formation and the fluid contained in it.
  • the method uses a fluid present in the formation, gradually accumulating it in the annular space of the well until reaching the desired pressure and then releasing it in such a way that the pressure drop generates transverse waves on the liquid surface that are transmitted within the formation.
  • the device comprises an external fluid reservoir and a device for injecting said fluid into the annular space of the well, such as, for example, a pump or a compressor.
  • the method according to this second embodiment of the invention consists of injecting the fluid from the external reservoir into the annular space of the well, until a desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released generating transverse waves at the bottom of the well.
  • the device comprises an external gas reservoir and a compressor.
  • the method according to this third modality consists of using the compressor to inject gas from the external reservoir directly into the reservoir through a secondary well until the desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released to generate transverse waves in the well and in the reservoir that propels oil through the reservoir and formation to (the) producing (main) wells.
  • the device comprises an external liquid reservoir and a pump.
  • the method according to this modality consists of using the pump to inject liquid from the external reservoir directly into the reservoir through a secondary well until the desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released to generate transverse waves in the well and in the reservoir that propel the oil through the reservoir and formation to the main well.
  • the device comprises an external liquid reservoir and a pump.
  • the method according to this modality consists of using the pump to inject liquid from the external reservoir into the annular space of the well until the desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released to generate transverse waves in the well.
  • the method generates harmonic transverse waves, which have different amplitudes and are generated either in the form of a large amplitude wave followed by at least two smaller amplitude waves, or at least two waves of smaller amplitude followed by a wave of great amplitude.
  • the configuration of the waves, that is, their amplitude is determined depending on the conditions and characteristics of the oil contained in the formation and on the conditions and characteristics of the well and the formation itself that is to be stimulated.
  • the method according to the present invention can be carried out through one or more of the production wells, or it can be carried out using a secondary well located at a distant location from the production well, preferably close to one end of the site.
  • Figure 1 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating transverse waves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating transverse waves according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating transverse waves according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating harmonic transverse waves, according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fluid can be a liquid, such as, for example, formation water, or a gas, such as, for example, a gaseous hydrocarbon.
  • the device comprises a control valve (3), a pressure controller (4), a time controller (5) connected to a vibration sensor (6), a pressure switch (7) and a pressure regulator. closing speed (8) of valve (3), one or more ball valves (11 A, 11 B, 11 C) and a check valve (12) that prevents gas from being returned to the system.
  • the device is controlled by a pneumatic control system that uses gas from the same well and that comprises a high pressure regulator (9), a tank for the instrumentation gas dehumidifier (13), and a low pressure regulator (10).
  • the pressure controller (4) and the time controller (5) may be programmable electronic devices that measure and store well conditions directly and use that information to regulate formation stimulation, or they may be pneumatic or mechanical devices.
  • the information measured by the electronic controllers can be fed to an external computer to create a database of different wells or it can simply be stored temporarily in the corresponding controllers, to be used only while the device is in operation in a private well.
  • the vibration sensor (6) measures the natural frequency of the system and feeds it to the time controller (5), which uses this parameter to establish the time that the pressure control valve must be open ( 3), and the pressure controller (4) measures the natural pressure of the well.
  • the vibration sensor (6) can be installed only for the calibration phase or it can be left permanently in the well to adjust the operating conditions in real time and continuously, thus guaranteeing optimal stimulation of the formation.
  • valves (1 1 A) and (11 B) open while valve (11 C) closes to allow the passage of fluid through the stimulator device (1); the pressure control valve (3) closes and the pressurization of the annulus within the well begins.
  • the pressure controller 4 determines that a pressure between 1.03 MPa and 4.14 MPa has been reached, the pressure control valve (3) opens, allowing the fluid to exit for a predetermined time, until a drop is achieved.
  • pressure between 69 kPa and 355 kPa, preferably between 69 kPa and 207 kPa.
  • the gas to operate the pressure control valve (3) is taken from the well, enters the device through the high pressure regulator (9), which reduces the pressure of the gas and passes it to the instrument gas dehumidifier (13), from where it goes to the low pressure regulator (10) that feeds it to the pressure controller (4), the time controller (5) and the pressure switch (7).
  • a closing speed regulator (8) is added which has a pressure gauge that verifies that the pressure drop occurs properly in the set time.
  • Every well has a natural vibration, generated by different internal effects such as, for example, the movement of the fluid within the formation, variations in the internal pressure of the formation due to the exit of the gas, rearrangement of the soil due to changes in fluid levels, etc.
  • This natural vibration is what is detected and measured by the vibration sensor (6).
  • the inventors of the present technology found surprisingly and unexpectedly that, by releasing the pressure of the well annulus to generate the shear waves, a harmonic change in the natural vibration of the well was also being generated.
  • the time controller (5) keeps the pressure control valve (3) open for the time necessary for the gas flow when depressurizing the well to produce a sound with a frequency between 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz that vibrates all the elements of the system.
  • This change in the natural frequency of the well is transmitted through the walls of the well and the rock of the formation until it reaches the oil, in the form of vibrations with a frequency between 50 Hz and 1000 Hz, giving an additional impulse to the shear waves and improving the stimulating effect of the oil-containing bed. Therefore, according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the method for stimulating oil production in an oil-containing formation comprises the steps of: i. Open the valves (11 A) and (11 B) and close the valve (1 1 C) to allow the flow of a fluid through the stimulator system (1);
  • Figure 2 corresponds to a second embodiment of the invention where the well generates too much gas, which causes the pressure inside the well to rise too fast to maintain an adequate constant stimulation of the formation.
  • the device of the present invention further comprises a relief valve (24) connected to a check valve (22), an accumulator tank (25) that collects excess gas and is connected to the system at a point before the pressure control valve (3), and a controller (27) that only allows the instrument gas to feed the pressure control switch (7) when the time of the first stimulation cycle has elapsed.
  • the device according to the present invention additionally comprises a relief valve (24) which opens slightly to let the excess gas stored in the tank (25) escape very slowly, at intervals no greater than between 1 kPa and 2 kPa.
  • the relief valve is connected to a check valve (22), which prevents gas from being returned to the system and to the timer (26) that guarantees that the stimulation rate is constant.
  • the method comprises the additional intermediate steps of: ia. Supplying a first relief valve (24) and an excess gas accumulator tank (25) located before the pressure control valve (3) but after the first ball valve (1 1A); VAT. Open relief valve (24) to control excess pressure. ivb. Control the opening time of the valve (24) with the timer (26) to ensure the periodicity of the stimulation
  • the equipment of the present application comprises a device for the generation of a pressurization fluid (36), a compressor (37) to compress the pressurization fluid, a storage tank pressure fluid (38) and a high pressure regulator (39) located in the wellhead.
  • the pressurization fluid used must be an inert fluid to avoid explosions caused by the combustion of flammable gases from the formation and accumulated in the well annulus.
  • the pressurizing fluid is selected from the group comprising a liquid or a gas; preferably it is a gas; and more preferably it is a gas selected from air, gaseous hydrocarbons, inert gases or nitrogen. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressurizing gas is nitrogen.
  • the device shown in Figure 3 functions essentially the same as that of Figure 1, with the difference that the step of pressurizing the well is carried out by injecting the pressurizing fluid from the tank (38) towards the annular space until the desired pressure is obtained, which is higher than the pressure used when the well is not sealed at the bottom.
  • the device of Figure 3 pressurizes the annular space to a pressure between 4 MPa and 17.2 MPa.
  • a tube (40) to inject the pressurization gas into the annular space enters a distance between 2 and 5 meters, a distance at which the inventor of the present technology found surprisingly and unexpectedly that the well pressurization process generates a first acoustic vibration phase in the internal structure of the well, which is transmitted through the walls of the well to the formation and from there to the fluid contained in it.
  • This first phase of acoustic vibration of the formation performs an initial stimulation of the fluid contained therein.
  • the pressure control valve (3) is opened and pressure is released until a pressure drop is achieved between 69 kPa and 355 kPa, preferably between 69 kPa and 207 kPa. This pressure drop causes the well structure to vibrate again, which is transmitted through the well walls and into the formation.
  • the vibration has greater intensity and greater amplitude, which ensures that the formation is stimulated properly. This corresponds to a second phase of acoustic vibration that again stimulates the formation.
  • the method used with the equipment of Figure 3 is similar to the basic method of Figure 1, with the particularity that it comprises the additional steps of: i. Supplying a device for generating a pressurizing fluid (36), a compressor (37) for compressing the pressurizing fluid, a storage tank for the pressurizing fluid (38) and a high pressure regulator (39);
  • the hydrocarbon-containing formation stimulation system can be used to simultaneously stimulate several wells adjoining the well as one stimulation well.
  • the stimulation well may be a producing well, in others it may be an abandoned well.
  • the stimulation well is located substantially equidistant from at least two production wells, therefore, when stimulating the formation, the hydrocarbon does not exit through the stimulation well but instead travels through from the formation to at least one of the production wells.
  • the inventor believes that the sound and transverse waves generated within the stimulated well are transmitted through the formation, reaching the surrounding wells.
  • the stimulation well is an abandoned well, it has a minimal amount of hydrocarbons and a high water content, the waves travel more easily and quickly and lose little energy, which allows them to reach the neighboring wells that adjoin the well abandoned.
  • the system of the present invention can be used to simultaneously stimulate several wells with minimal energy consumption.
  • this modality establishes that both the initial well and the wells with which it adjoins can be stimulated to achieve an enhancing effect of the stimulation by adding the waves from the stimulated well with those generated within each of the wells neighbors that are being stimulated individually.
  • the inventor has developed a method that allows the generation of harmonic transverse waves at the bottom of the hole.
  • the harmonic transverse waves according to this embodiment of the present invention comprise a primary wave of greater amplitude, followed by a series of secondary waves of lower amplitude than the initial wave; or, in another case, they can consist of a series of primary waves of low amplitude, followed by a secondary wave of greater amplitude than the sum of the waves that precede it.
  • the method of this fourth embodiment may use a fluid from the formation or an external source of fluid to pressurize the well.
  • the fluid can be a liquid or a gas, preferably a gas that is produced directly in the formation, although an external source of gas can also be used.
  • the external source of gas is preferably an inert gas, such as, for example, but not limited to, nitrogen.
  • the pressure controller (42) closes the valve (41) and the first counter ( 44) registers a pulse.
  • the process is repeated up to 3 times, after which the valve (41) is closed and the pressure valve (45) is opened.
  • Pressure valve (45) remains open until pressure controller (46) determines that the pressure has dropped enough to generate a shear wave with an amplitude equal to or greater than the sum of the amplitude of the smaller shear waves At that moment the second counter (47) registers a pulse and closes the valve (45).
  • This process is repeated up to three times, or as long as the pressure inside the well allows, after which it is necessary to re-pressurize the annulus.
  • This stimulation method is particularly efficient for the case where the gas production within the well exceeds the capacity of the system. Applying this stimulation method takes advantage of the constant capacity of the well to maintain the pressure in the annular space, which allows the formation to be stimulated more regularly by being able to manage the pressure without the need for an external tank. Instead of diverting the excess gas to an external reservoir, from where it must be released very carefully so as not to disturb the generation of the pressure pulse, the gas is allowed to accumulate directly in the well annulus and the pressure is released following harmonic cycles and maintaining these cycles for a longer period of time.
  • pressure variations are generated in fluids being injected into reservoir mining processes, such as, for example, but not limited to, fracking. These pressure variations in the fluid that is being injected directly into the reservoir also generate shear waves that improve fluid penetration, the effect of treatments, and help move the oil from the reservoir to the extraction well.
  • an oil field can be stimulated by injecting fluids through an injection well located at a point equidistant from two or more production wells. These fluids push the oil through the formation and into the producing well. In order to maintain a continuous flow of oil from the reservoir and into the producing well, these fluids are injected under pressure into the formation and by varying this pressure, shear waves can be created that move through the formation and reservoir. boosting the oil and improving its recovery while increasing and facilitating the penetration of the stimulation fluid.
  • Periodic variations in pressure can be caused by pressure increases or pressure reliefs, depending on the desired amplitude, where pressure increases can generate shorter pulses and lower amplitude shear waves; while pressure reliefs generate longer pulses and higher amplitude shear waves.
  • the shear wave stimulation method and / or harmonic transverse waves according to the present invention also allows cleaning both the production well and the formation itself of organic and inorganic deposits that tend to accumulate as a result of the decantation of heavier elements within the crude oil as it is withdrawn. of the deposit.
  • the inventor of the present technology believes that the shear waves generated according to the system and / or the method of the present invention act as an agitator that removes the formed deposits and maintains them suspended in the oil, in such a way that these are removed from the formation and / or the well along with the oil, while preventing the heavier components of the oil from agglomerating within the formation creating undesirable deposits that can cause blockages or plugging within the formation or extraction wells.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and a method for stimulating hydrocarbon-containing formations by means of a regular process of pressurising and depressurising the annulus of a well, using a fluid from the same well or from an external source, thereby generating transverse waves in the fluid of the formation and/or sound vibrations in the well annulus, which are transmitted to the formation through the rock forming same. In addition, the method according to the invention allows the simultaneous stimulation of a well and wells adjacent thereto, enhancing the stimulating effect of the system according to the invention and allowing the formation to be stimulated from secondary wells located in different places in the reservoir.

Description

SISTEMA Y METODO PARA ESTIMULAR LA EXTRACCIÓN DE PETRÓLEO DE UNA FORMACIÓN QUE CONTIENE PETRÓLEO MEDIANTE LA APLICACIÓN DE ONDAS TRANSVERSALES Y ONDAS SONORAS SYSTEM AND METHOD TO STIMULATE THE EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM A FORMATION CONTAINING OIL THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF TRANSVERSAL WAVES AND SOUND WAVES
PERIÓDICAS NEWSPAPERS
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] La presente invención se relaciona con la estimulación de formaciones que contienen petróleo y en particular con métodos y aparatos para movilizar y recuperar petróleo de formaciones que contienen petróleo durante el curso de su explotación. [0001] The present invention relates to the stimulation of oil-containing formations and in particular to methods and apparatus for mobilizing and recovering oil from oil-containing formations during the course of their exploitation.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] La estimulación sísmica o mediante ondas elásticas es una técnica conocida para mejorar la recuperación de petróleo de un lecho que tiene petróleo. Un método para generar estimulación sísmica se muestra en la Patente de la Federación Rusa No. 2.001.254, en la cual dos masas rotativas desbalanceadas causan vibración en una plataforma en la superficie. El peso, energía y frecuencia de resonancia del generado de vibraciones se calculan de acuerdo con las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del suelo sobre el lecho de petróleo, y se introducen y propagan ondas armónicas al nivel donde se encuentra el petróleo. [0002] Elastic wave or seismic stimulation is a known technique for enhancing oil recovery from an oil bearing bed. A method of generating seismic stimulation is shown in Russian Federation Patent No. 2,001,254, in which two unbalanced rotating masses cause vibration in a platform on the surface. The weight, energy and resonance frequency of the vibration generator are calculated according to the physical and mechanical properties of the soil on the oil bed, and harmonic waves are introduced and propagated at the level where the oil is.
[0003] Otro método conocido se muestra en la Patente de la Federación Rusa No. 1.710.709, en la cual una placa de yunque se deja caer al fondo del pozo y un peso pesado (tubería llena de agua) se eleva y deja caer repetidamente sobre la placa de yunque, impartiendo vibraciones al lecho de petróleo. Otro método para generar ondas de choque y estimular formaciones productoras de petróleo lo encontramos en la Patente de Estados Unidos número US 5.586.602, la cual divulga un método y un aparato para incrementar la efectividad de la estimulación mediante ondas de choque de formaciones que contienen petróleo incrementando la intensidad de las oscilaciones elásticas de la acumulación de petróleo. [0003] Another known method is shown in Russian Federation Patent No. 1,710,709, in which an anvil plate is dropped to the bottom of the well and a heavy weight (pipe filled with water) is raised and dropped. repeatedly on the anvil plate, imparting vibrations to the oil bed. Another method of generating shock waves and stimulating oil-producing formations It is found in the United States Patent number US 5,586,602, which discloses a method and an apparatus to increase the effectiveness of the stimulation by shock waves of formations containing oil by increasing the intensity of the elastic oscillations of the oil accumulation .
[0004] El dispositivo incluye una unidad de bombeo y una serie de tubos que recorre el revestimiento de producción del pozo, colgado en el cabezal del pozo. Un cilindro es instalado en el extremo de la serie de tubos. Un émbolo trabaja en el cilindro en la parte alta del barrido de subida de la unidad de bombeo. El émbolo está conectado a la unidad de bombeo mediante varillas de succión y una varilla de pulido. En el ascenso del émbolo el fluido en la tubería es comprimido. En la parte más alta del barrido de subida de la unidad de bombeo, el fluido en el tubo de producción es descargado dentro del revestimiento de producción generando una onda de choque. [0004] The device includes a pumping unit and a series of tubes that run through the production casing of the well, hung on the wellhead. A cylinder is installed at the end of the series of tubes. A plunger works in the cylinder at the top of the lift sweep of the pump unit. The plunger is connected to the pump unit by suction rods and a polishing rod. On the ascent of the plunger the fluid in the pipe is compressed. At the top of the lift sweep of the pump unit, the fluid in the production tube is discharged into the production liner generating a shock wave.
[0005] Una técnica similar es divulgada por la patente US 6.015.010, la cual se relaciona con un aparato para producir una onda de choque en un barreno, tal como un pozo, que incluye una unidad de bombeo dispuesta en la cabeza del pozo, una serie de tubos que se extiende hacia abajo dentro del revestimiento de producción del pozo, un ensamblaje de cilindro hueco conectado con el fondo de la serie de tubos, y un par de pistones dispuestos dentro del ensamblaje de cilindros y conectados con la unidad de bombeo mediante varillas de bombeo y una varilla de pulido para comprimir el líquido contenido dentro del ensamblaje de cilindros y descargar el líquido comprimido dentro del revestimiento de producción, generando así una onda de choque. [0005] A similar technique is disclosed by patent US 6,015,010, which relates to an apparatus for producing a shock wave in a hole, such as a well, which includes a pumping unit arranged at the head of the well. , a series of tubes extending down into the production casing of the well, a hollow cylinder assembly connected to the bottom of the series of tubes, and a pair of pistons arranged within the cylinder assembly and connected to the pumping by sucker rods and a polishing rod to compress the liquid contained within the cylinder assembly and discharge the compressed liquid within the production liner, thus generating a shock wave.
[0006] Cuando los cilindros se desplazan hacia arriba en el ensamblaje de cilindros, el cilindro inferior viaja dentro de la cámara de compresión y el cilindro superior viaja fuera de la cámara de compresión. Cuando la unidad de bombeo llega a la parte alta de su viaje, el cilindro inferior permite que el líquido comprimido contenido en la cámara de compresión sea descargado dentro del pozo. [0007] Otro método para estimular formaciones que contienen petróleo la encontramos en la solicitud de patente US 2012/0211225, la cual enseña un aparato y un método para mejorar la remoción de fluido de una fractura en una formación geológica aplicando ondas de choque periódicas/cíclicas a la fractura en una formación que rodea un barreno que ha realizado la fractura. De acuerdo con la invención, el método incluye los pasos de disponer un dispositivo unido al extremo de la tubería dentro del pozo en la vecindad de dicha fractura para generar para generar ondas de choque, proveer un líquido mediante una turbina dentro del dispositivo para generar ondas de choque donde la amplitud Pa de las ondas de choque se determina mediante la siguiente expresión: [0006] When the cylinders travel upward in the cylinder assembly, the lower cylinder travels into the compression chamber and the upper cylinder travels out of the compression chamber. When the pump unit reaches the top of its travel, the lower cylinder allows the compressed liquid contained in the compression chamber to be discharged into the well. [0007] Another method for stimulating oil-containing formations is found in patent application US 2012/0211225, which teaches an apparatus and a method to improve fluid removal from a fracture in a geological formation by applying periodic shock waves / cyclical to fracture in a formation surrounding a hole that has fractured. According to the invention, the method includes the steps of arranging a device attached to the end of the pipe inside the well in the vicinity of said fracture to generate shock waves, provide a liquid through a turbine inside the device to generate waves shock where the amplitude P a of the shock waves is determined by the following expression:
0.3 MPa¾£l .4P -0.8pgH, 0.3 MPa¾ £ l .4P -0.8pgH,
[0008] En donde Pp es la presión de poro de la formación, p es la densidad de la formación, g es la aceleración de la gravedad, H es la profundidad de dicha fractura y Pa es la amplitud de la onda de choque. [0008] Where P p is the pore pressure of the formation, p is the density of the formation, g is the acceleration of gravity, H is the depth of said fracture and Pa is the amplitude of the shock wave.
[0009] Incluso otra aplicación que tiene el uso de ondas de choque en formaciones de petróleo la encontramos en la solicitud de patente US 2015/0308233, la cual enseña un método para remover depósitos de un componente de los medios de transporte de un fluido o gas de formación, dicho método consiste en los pasos de generar (S1) al menos una onda de choque dentro de un líquido que transmite ondas de choque al interior de dichos medios de transporte en cercanías de dicho componente y propagar (S2) dicha al menos una onda de choque hacia el componente para remover los depósitos de dicho componente. [0009] Even another application that has the use of shock waves in oil formations is found in patent application US 2015/0308233, which teaches a method to remove deposits from a component of the means of transport of a fluid or forming gas, said method consists of the steps of generating (S1) at least one shock wave within a liquid that transmits shock waves into said transport means in the vicinity of said component and propagating (S2) said at least a shock wave to the component to remove deposits from the component.
[0010] Todos estos sistemas y métodos tienen en común i) el uso de ondas de choque para estimular la formación, y ii) el uso de líquidos para generar las ondas de choque. Las ondas de choque tienen la ventaja de ser ondas de alta energía, que se propagan con rapidez y facilidad dentro de la formación, pero al mismo tiempo, por su alta energía, tienden a generar un efecto de ariete mientras se desplazan por espacios estrechos. [0010] All these systems and methods have in common i) the use of shock waves to stimulate the formation, and ii) the use of liquids to generate the shock waves. Shock waves have the advantage of being high-energy waves, which propagate quickly and easily within the formation, but at the same time, due to their high energy, they tend to generate a ram effect while moving through narrow spaces.
[0011] Este efecto de ariete puede resultar perjudicial para una formación, ya que desestabiliza la estructura de esta, la cual ya puede estar inestable debido a tratamientos previos tales como, por ejemplo, por la perforación con el barreno o por el uso de fluidos para quebrar la formación y facilitar el flujo del petróleo. [0011] This ram effect can be detrimental to a formation, since it destabilizes its structure, which may already be unstable due to pretreatments such as, for example, by drilling with the auger or by the use of fluids to break the formation and facilitate the flow of oil.
[0012] En vista de lo anterior, existe la necesidad en el estado del arte de suministrar un dispositivo y un método para estimular formaciones que contienen petróleo de manera regular y continua sin afectar la estabilidad de la formación. Por lo tanto, el problema que se busca resolver con la presente invención es ¿Cómo estimular una formación que contiene petróleo mediante el uso de ondas, sin afectar la estructura de la formación? In view of the above, there is a need in the state of the art to provide a device and method for stimulating oil-containing formations on a regular and continuous basis without affecting the stability of the formation. Therefore, the problem that the present invention seeks to solve is how to stimulate an oil-containing formation through the use of waves, without affecting the structure of the formation?
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] Con el fin de solucionar los problemas causados por los métodos de estimulación de formaciones que tienen petróleo utilizados en el estado del arte, la presente solicitud propone un dispositivo y un método para generar ondas transversales que viajan a través del fluido contenido en la formación sin crear un efecto de ariete. [0013] In order to solve the problems caused by the methods of stimulation of formations containing oil used in the state of the art, the present application proposes a device and a method to generate transverse waves that travel through the fluid contained in the formation without creating a ram effect.
[0014] Es, por lo tanto, un primer objeto de la presente solicitud el de proporcionar un dispositivo para generar ondas transversales al interior de una formación que contiene petróleo. [0014] It is, therefore, a first object of the present application to provide a device for generating transverse waves inside a formation containing oil.
[0015] Es otro objeto de la presente invención el de proporcionar un método para generar ondas transversales al interior de una formación que contiene petróleo. [0015] It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for generating shear waves within a formation containing oil.
[0016] Es un tercer objeto de la presente invención, el de proporcionar un método para generar ondas transversales al interior de una formación que contiene petróleo, el cual utiliza un fluido presente en la misma formación, en donde dicho fluido puede ser un líquido o un gas. [0016] It is a third object of the present invention, that of providing a method to generate transverse waves inside a formation containing oil, which uses a fluid present in the same formation, wherein said fluid can be a liquid or a gas.
[0017] Es un cuarto objeto de la presente invención, el de proporcionar un método para generar ondas transversales al interior de una formación que contiene petróleo, el cual utiliza un fluido proveniente de una fuente externa a la formación, en donde dicho fluido puede ser un líquido o un gas. [0017] It is a fourth object of the present invention, that of providing a method for generating transverse waves within a formation that contains oil, which uses a fluid from a source external to the formation, where said fluid can be a liquid or a gas.
[0018] Es aún otro objeto de la presente solicitud, proporcionar un método para generar ondas transversales armónicas de amplitud variable al interior de una formación que contiene petróleo, el cual utiliza un fluido proveniente ya sea de una fuente interna o una fuente externa a la formación, en donde dicho fluido puede ser un líquido o un gas. [0018] It is still another object of the present application, to provide a method to generate harmonic transverse waves of variable amplitude inside a formation containing oil, which uses a fluid coming from either an internal source or a source external to the formation, wherein said fluid can be a liquid or a gas.
[0019] El dispositivo de acuerdo con la presente solicitud comprende un sistema de control que consta de al menos una válvula de control de presión, al menos un sensor de presión, al menos un temporizador, al menos un contador de pulsos y al menos un sensor de vibración colocados en el cabezal del pozo. [0019] The device according to the present application comprises a control system consisting of at least one pressure control valve, at least one pressure sensor, at least one timer, at least one pulse counter and at least one vibration sensor placed in the wellhead.
[0020] El método de acuerdo con la presente invención consiste en incrementar la presión dentro del espacio anular del pozo hasta un valor predeterminado, en función de las condiciones, las características y la frecuencia natural del pozo que se va a estimular, para luego, mediante el sistema de control, liberar la presión en dicho espacio de manera tal que dicha liberación de presión genera uno o más pulsos que producen vibraciones en el fluido contenido dentro del espacio anular y en la formación misma, las cuales se transmiten transversalmente a través de la formación y del fluido contenido en ésta. [0020] The method according to the present invention consists of increasing the pressure within the annular space of the well to a predetermined value, depending on the conditions, characteristics and natural frequency of the well to be stimulated, and then, through the control system, release the pressure in said space in such a way that said pressure release generates one or more pulses that produce vibrations in the fluid contained within the annular space and in the formation itself, which are transmitted transversely through the formation and the fluid contained in it.
[0021] De acuerdo con una modalidad de la presente invención, el método utiliza un fluido presente en la formación, acumulándolo gradualmente en el espacio anular del pozo hasta alcanzar la presión deseada para luego liberarlo de manera tal que la caída de presión genera ondas transversales en la superficie de líquido que se transmiten dentro de la formación. [0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method uses a fluid present in the formation, gradually accumulating it in the annular space of the well until reaching the desired pressure and then releasing it in such a way that the pressure drop generates transverse waves on the liquid surface that are transmitted within the formation.
[0022] En otra modalidad de la invención, el dispositivo comprende un reservorio externo de fluido y un dispositivo para inyectar dicho fluido al espacio anular del pozo, tal como, por ejemplo, una bomba o un compresor. El método de acuerdo con esta segunda modalidad de la invención consiste en inyectar el fluido desde el reservorio externo al interior del espacio anular del pozo, hasta conseguir una presión deseada, tras lo cual se libera presión generando ondas transversales en el fondo del pozo. [0023] En otra modalidad de la invención el dispositivo comprende un reservorio externo de gas y un compresor. El método de acuerdo con esta tercera modalidad consiste en utilizar el compresor para inyectar gas desde el reservorio externo directamente al interior del yacimiento mediante un pozo secundario hasta conseguir la presión deseada, tras lo cual se libera presión para generar ondas transversales en el pozo y en el yacimiento que impulsan el petróleo a través del yacimiento y la formación hasta (el) los pozos (principal) productores. In another embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an external fluid reservoir and a device for injecting said fluid into the annular space of the well, such as, for example, a pump or a compressor. The method according to this second embodiment of the invention consists of injecting the fluid from the external reservoir into the annular space of the well, until a desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released generating transverse waves at the bottom of the well. In another embodiment of the invention the device comprises an external gas reservoir and a compressor. The method according to this third modality consists of using the compressor to inject gas from the external reservoir directly into the reservoir through a secondary well until the desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released to generate transverse waves in the well and in the reservoir that propels oil through the reservoir and formation to (the) producing (main) wells.
[0024] En otra modalidad de la invención el dispositivo comprende un reservorio externo de líquido y una bomba. El método de acuerdo con esta modalidad consiste en utilizar la bomba para inyectar liquido desde el reservorio externo directamente al interior del yacimiento mediante un pozo secundario hasta conseguir la presión deseada, tras lo cual se libera presión para generar ondas transversales en el pozo y en el yacimiento que impulsan el petróleo a través del yacimiento y la formación hasta el pozo principal. [0024] In another embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an external liquid reservoir and a pump. The method according to this modality consists of using the pump to inject liquid from the external reservoir directly into the reservoir through a secondary well until the desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released to generate transverse waves in the well and in the reservoir that propel the oil through the reservoir and formation to the main well.
[0025] En otra modalidad de la invención el dispositivo comprende un reservorio externo de líquido y una bomba. El método de acuerdo con esta modalidad consiste en utilizar la bomba para inyectar liquido desde el reservorio externo al interior del espacio anular del pozo hasta conseguir la presión deseada, tras lo cual se libera presión para generar ondas transversales en el pozo. [0025] In another embodiment of the invention the device comprises an external liquid reservoir and a pump. The method according to this modality consists of using the pump to inject liquid from the external reservoir into the annular space of the well until the desired pressure is achieved, after which pressure is released to generate transverse waves in the well.
[0026] En aún otra modalidad de la presente invención, el método genera ondas transversales armónicas, las cuales tienen diferentes amplitudes y se generan ya sea en forma de una onda de gran amplitud seguida de al menos dos ondas de amplitud menor, o al menos dos ondas de amplitud menor seguidas de una onda de gran amplitud. La configuración de las ondas, o sea, la amplitud de estas se determina dependiendo de las condiciones y las características del petróleo contenido en la formación y de las condiciones y características del pozo y la formación misma que se quieren estimular. [0026] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the method generates harmonic transverse waves, which have different amplitudes and are generated either in the form of a large amplitude wave followed by at least two smaller amplitude waves, or at least two waves of smaller amplitude followed by a wave of great amplitude. The configuration of the waves, that is, their amplitude is determined depending on the conditions and characteristics of the oil contained in the formation and on the conditions and characteristics of the well and the formation itself that is to be stimulated.
[0027] El método de acuerdo con la presente invención se puede llevar a cabo a través de uno o más de los pozos de producción, o puede llevarse a cabo empleando un pozo secundario ubicado en una ubicación distante del pozo de producción, preferiblemente cercano a un extremo del yacimiento. [0028] Estas y otras modalidades se explicarán en más detalle a continuación, haciendo referencia a las figuras que se adjuntan y se describen debajo. [0027] The method according to the present invention can be carried out through one or more of the production wells, or it can be carried out using a secondary well located at a distant location from the production well, preferably close to one end of the site. [0028] These and other modalities will be explained in more detail below, with reference to the figures that are attached and described below.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0029] Figura 1 , es una vista de los elementos que comprenden el sistema para generar ondas transversales de acuerdo con una modalidad de la presente invención. [0029] Figure 1 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating transverse waves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0030] Figura 2, es una vista de los elementos que comprenden el sistema para generar ondas transversales de acuerdo con una segunda modalidad de la presente invención. [0030] Figure 2, is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating transverse waves according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0031] Figura 3, es una vista de los elementos que comprenden el sistema para generar ondas transversales de acuerdo con una tercera modalidad de la presente invención. [0031] Figure 3 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating transverse waves according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0032] Figura 4 es una vista de los elementos que comprenden el sistema para generar ondas transversales armónicas, de acuerdo con una cuarta modalidad de la presente invención. [0032] Figure 4 is a view of the elements that comprise the system for generating harmonic transverse waves, according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] A continuación, se hará una descripción de las modalidades más utilizadas de la invención en referencia a las figuras incluidas. Las modalidades descritas incluyen elementos comunes, los cuales retienen su numeración de referencia a lo largo de todas las figuras y la descripción. [0033] Next, a description will be made of the most used embodiments of the invention with reference to the included figures. The disclosed embodiments include common elements, which retain their reference numbering throughout the figures and the description.
[0034] Refiriéndonos a la Figura 1 , podemos observar una primera modalidad del dispositivo estimulador (1) para producir ondas transversales en un pozo (2) que no tiene un sello en el fondo y en donde el pozo produce suficiente fluido para presurizarlo sin necesidad de una fuente externa. En este caso, el fluido puede ser un líquido, tal como, por ejemplo, agua de la formación, o un gas, tal como, por ejemplo, un hidrocarburo gaseoso. [0034] Referring to Figure 1, we can observe a first modality of the stimulator device (1) to produce transverse waves in a well (2) that does not have a seal at the bottom and where the well produces enough fluid to pressurize it without the need for an external source. In this case, the fluid can be a liquid, such as, for example, formation water, or a gas, such as, for example, a gaseous hydrocarbon.
[0035] El dispositivo comprende una válvula de control (3), un controlador de presión (4), un controlador de tiempo (5) conectado a un sensor de vibración (6), un interruptor de presión (7) y un regulador de velocidad de cierre (8) de la válvula (3), una o más válvulas de bola (11 A, 11 B, 11 C) y una válvula de chequeo (12) que evita que se devuelva el gas al sistema. [0035] The device comprises a control valve (3), a pressure controller (4), a time controller (5) connected to a vibration sensor (6), a pressure switch (7) and a pressure regulator. closing speed (8) of valve (3), one or more ball valves (11 A, 11 B, 11 C) and a check valve (12) that prevents gas from being returned to the system.
[0036] El dispositivo es controlado mediante un sistema neumático de control que emplea gas del mismo pozo y que comprende un regulador de alta presión (9), un tanque para el deshumidificador de gas de instrumentación (13), y un regulador de baja presión (10). El controlador de presión (4) y el controlador de tiempo (5) pueden ser dispositivos electrónicos programables que miden y almacenan las condiciones del pozo directamente y utilizan esa información para regular la estimulación de la formación, o pueden ser dispositivos neumáticos o mecánicos. [0036] The device is controlled by a pneumatic control system that uses gas from the same well and that comprises a high pressure regulator (9), a tank for the instrumentation gas dehumidifier (13), and a low pressure regulator (10). The pressure controller (4) and the time controller (5) may be programmable electronic devices that measure and store well conditions directly and use that information to regulate formation stimulation, or they may be pneumatic or mechanical devices.
[0037] La información medida por los controladores electrónicos puede ser alimentada a un ordenador externo para crear una base de datos de diferentes pozos o puede simplemente almacenarse de manera temporal en los controladores correspondientes, para ser utilizada solamente mientras el dispositivo está en funcionamiento en un pozo particular. [0037] The information measured by the electronic controllers can be fed to an external computer to create a database of different wells or it can simply be stored temporarily in the corresponding controllers, to be used only while the device is in operation in a private well.
[0038] Antes de iniciar la operación del sistema, es necesario calibrarlo con el fin de ajustarlo a las condiciones naturales del pozo y la formación. En esta etapa de calibración, el sensor de vibración (6) mide la frecuencia natural del sistema y la alimenta al controlador de tiempo (5), el cual utiliza dicho parámetro para establecer el tiempo que debe estar abierta la válvula de control de presión (3), y el controlador de presión (4) mide la presión natural del pozo. El sensor de vibración (6) puede instalarse solo para la fase de calibración o puede dejarse de manera permanente en el pozo para ajustar las condiciones de operación en tiempo real y de manera continua, garantizando así la estimulación óptima de la formación. [0039] Al iniciar el ciclo de estimulación, las válvulas (1 1 A) y (11 B) se abren en tanto que la válvula (11 C) se cierra para permitir el paso del fluido a través del dispositivo estimulador (1); la válvula de control de presión (3) se cierra y comienza la presurización del espacio anular dentro del pozo. Una vez el controlador de presión 4 determina que se ha alcanzado una presión entre 1 ,03 MPa y 4,14 MPa la válvula de control de presión (3) se abre, permitiendo la salida del fluido por un tiempo predeterminado, hasta lograr una caída de presión entre 69 kPa y 355 kPa, preferiblemente entre 69 kPa y 207 kPa. [0038] Before starting the operation of the system, it is necessary to calibrate it in order to adjust it to the natural conditions of the well and the formation. In this calibration stage, the vibration sensor (6) measures the natural frequency of the system and feeds it to the time controller (5), which uses this parameter to establish the time that the pressure control valve must be open ( 3), and the pressure controller (4) measures the natural pressure of the well. The vibration sensor (6) can be installed only for the calibration phase or it can be left permanently in the well to adjust the operating conditions in real time and continuously, thus guaranteeing optimal stimulation of the formation. [0039] When initiating the stimulation cycle, valves (1 1 A) and (11 B) open while valve (11 C) closes to allow the passage of fluid through the stimulator device (1); the pressure control valve (3) closes and the pressurization of the annulus within the well begins. Once the pressure controller 4 determines that a pressure between 1.03 MPa and 4.14 MPa has been reached, the pressure control valve (3) opens, allowing the fluid to exit for a predetermined time, until a drop is achieved. pressure between 69 kPa and 355 kPa, preferably between 69 kPa and 207 kPa.
[0040] El gas para operar la válvula de control de presión (3) se toma del pozo, ingresa al dispositivo mediante el regulador de alta presión (9), el cual reduce la presión del gas y lo pasa al deshumidificador de gas de instrumentos (13), de donde sale al regulador de baja presión (10) que lo alimenta al controlador de presión (4), el controlador de tiempo (5) y el interruptor de presión (7). [0040] The gas to operate the pressure control valve (3) is taken from the well, enters the device through the high pressure regulator (9), which reduces the pressure of the gas and passes it to the instrument gas dehumidifier (13), from where it goes to the low pressure regulator (10) that feeds it to the pressure controller (4), the time controller (5) and the pressure switch (7).
[0041] La presurización del espacio anular hace que el fluido en el fondo del pozo se desplace hacia abajo, cuando se abre la válvula de control de presión (3) la reducción de la presión hace que el fluido regrese a su altura inicial, el movimiento ascendente del fluido se detiene repentinamente cuando la válvula de control (3) se cierra nuevamente lo cual causa una perturbación del fluido en el fondo del pozo el cual responde elásticamente generando ondas transversales que se mueven dentro de la formación. [0041] Pressurization of the annular space causes the fluid at the bottom of the well to move downward, when the pressure control valve (3) is opened, the reduction in pressure causes the fluid to return to its initial height, the Upward movement of the fluid stops suddenly when the control valve (3) closes again which causes a disturbance of the fluid at the bottom of the well which responds elastically generating shear waves that move within the formation.
[0042] Con el fin de evitar que el cambio de presión ocasionado por un cierre muy rápido de la válvula de control (3) ocasione un efecto de ariete dentro del pozo, se adiciona un regulador de velocidad de cierre (8) el cual tiene un manómetro que verifica que la caída de presión sucede de manera adecuada en el tiempo establecido. [0042] In order to prevent the pressure change caused by a very rapid closing of the control valve (3) causing a ram effect inside the well, a closing speed regulator (8) is added which has a pressure gauge that verifies that the pressure drop occurs properly in the set time.
[0043] En caso de que el regulador (8) establezca que la caída de presión está ocurriendo demasiado rápido, el operario ajusta directamente el regulador (8) para controlar la velocidad de caída de presión y la velocidad de cierre de la válvula (3). [0043] In case the regulator (8) establishes that the pressure drop is occurring too fast, the operator directly adjusts the regulator (8) to control the pressure drop rate and the closing rate of the valve (3 ).
[0044] Todo pozo tiene una vibración natural, generada por diferentes efectos internos tales como, por ejemplo, el movimiento del fluido dentro de la formación, variaciones en la presión interna de la formación por la salida del gas, reacomodamiento del suelo por cambios en los niveles de fluido, etc. Esta vibración natural es la que detecta y mide el sensor de vibración (6). [0044] Every well has a natural vibration, generated by different internal effects such as, for example, the movement of the fluid within the formation, variations in the internal pressure of the formation due to the exit of the gas, rearrangement of the soil due to changes in fluid levels, etc. This natural vibration is what is detected and measured by the vibration sensor (6).
[0045] Los inventores de la presente tecnología encontraron de manera sorprendente e inesperada que, al liberar la presión del espacio anular del pozo para generar las ondas transversales también se estaba generando un cambio armónico en la vibración natural del pozo. [0045] The inventors of the present technology found surprisingly and unexpectedly that, by releasing the pressure of the well annulus to generate the shear waves, a harmonic change in the natural vibration of the well was also being generated.
[0046] Por lo tanto, el controlador de tiempo (5) mantiene abierta la válvula de control de presión (3) el tiempo necesario para que el flujo de gas al despresurizar el pozo produzca un sonido con una frecuencia entre 2000 Hz y 8000 Hz que hace vibrar todos los elementos del sistema. Este cambio en la frecuencia natural del pozo se transmite a través de las paredes del pozo y la roca de la formación hasta llegar al petróleo, en forma de vibraciones con una frecuencia entre 50 Hz y 1000 Hz, confiriéndole un impulso adicional a las ondas transversales y mejorando el efecto de estimulación del lecho que contiene petróleo. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo con una primera modalidad de la presente invención, el método para estimular la producción de petróleo en una formación que contiene petróleo comprende los pasos de: i. Abrir las válvulas (11 A) y (11 B) y cerrar la válvula (1 1 C) para permitir el flujo de un fluido a través del sistema estimulador (1); [0046] Therefore, the time controller (5) keeps the pressure control valve (3) open for the time necessary for the gas flow when depressurizing the well to produce a sound with a frequency between 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz that vibrates all the elements of the system. This change in the natural frequency of the well is transmitted through the walls of the well and the rock of the formation until it reaches the oil, in the form of vibrations with a frequency between 50 Hz and 1000 Hz, giving an additional impulse to the shear waves and improving the stimulating effect of the oil-containing bed. Therefore, according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the method for stimulating oil production in an oil-containing formation comprises the steps of: i. Open the valves (11 A) and (11 B) and close the valve (1 1 C) to allow the flow of a fluid through the stimulator system (1);
¡i. Cerrar la válvula de control de presión (3) para presurizar el espacio anular del pozo hasta alcanzar una presión entre 1 ,03 MPa y 4, 14 MPa; ni. Abrir la válvula de control de presión (3) por un tiempo suficiente para lograr una caída de presión de entre 69 kPa y 355 kPa y un sonido con una frecuencia entre 2000 Hz y 8000 Hz; iv. Repetir el proceso para garantizar una estimulación periódica de la formación. [0047] Por su parte, la Figura 2 corresponde a una segunda modalidad de la invención en donde el pozo genera demasiado gas, lo cual hace que la presión dentro del pozo suba demasiado rápido para mantener una estimulación constante adecuada de la formación. I. Close the pressure control valve (3) to pressurize the annular space of the well until reaching a pressure between 1.03 MPa and 4.14 MPa; neither. Open the pressure control valve (3) long enough to achieve a pressure drop between 69 kPa and 355 kPa and a sound with a frequency between 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz; iv. Repeat the process to ensure regular stimulation of the training. [0047] For its part, Figure 2 corresponds to a second embodiment of the invention where the well generates too much gas, which causes the pressure inside the well to rise too fast to maintain an adequate constant stimulation of the formation.
[0048] En este, caso el dispositivo de la presente invención comprende además una válvula de alivio (24) conectada a una válvula de chequeo (22), un tanque acumulador (25) que recoge el exceso de gas y que se conecta al sistema en un punto anterior a la válvula de control de presión (3), y un controlador (27) que solo permite que el gas de instrumentos alimente el interruptor de control de presión (7) cuando ha transcurrido el tiempo del primer ciclo de estimulación. [0048] In this case, the device of the present invention further comprises a relief valve (24) connected to a check valve (22), an accumulator tank (25) that collects excess gas and is connected to the system at a point before the pressure control valve (3), and a controller (27) that only allows the instrument gas to feed the pressure control switch (7) when the time of the first stimulation cycle has elapsed.
[0049] El proceso es esencialmente el mismo de la modalidad anterior, con la excepción que en casos donde la cantidad de gas dentro de la formación rebasa la capacidad de almacenamiento del tanque (25), el dispositivo de acuerdo con la presente invención comprende adicionalmente una válvula de alivio (24) la cual se abre ligeramente para dejar escapar el exceso de gas almacenado en el tanque (25) de manera muy lenta, en intervalos no mayores a entre 1 kPa y 2 kPa. [0049] The process is essentially the same as the previous embodiment, with the exception that in cases where the amount of gas within the formation exceeds the storage capacity of the tank (25), the device according to the present invention additionally comprises a relief valve (24) which opens slightly to let the excess gas stored in the tank (25) escape very slowly, at intervals no greater than between 1 kPa and 2 kPa.
[0050] La válvula de alivio está conectada a una válvula de chequeo (22), la cual evita que el gas se devuelva al sistema y al temporizador (26) que garantiza que la frecuencia de estimulación sea constante. The relief valve is connected to a check valve (22), which prevents gas from being returned to the system and to the timer (26) that guarantees that the stimulation rate is constant.
[0051] Debido a que la liberación de presión se hace dese el tanque de almacenamiento y no directamente desde el pozo, estas variaciones de presión no generan cambios en la presión del espacio anular por lo que no hay riesgo de que se cree ondas de estímulo dentro de la formación. [0051] Because the pressure release is done from the storage tank and not directly from the well, these pressure variations do not generate changes in the pressure of the annular space, so there is no risk of stimulus waves being created within training.
[0052] El gas que sale por la válvula de alivio (24) es enviado fuera del sistema a través de la válvula de chequeo (22), la cual previene que el gas se devuelva por la tubería. [0052] The gas that comes out of the relief valve (24) is sent out of the system through the check valve (22), which prevents the gas from returning through the pipeline.
[0053] Por otro lado, para la modalidad mostrada en la Figura 2 en donde la cantidad de gas generada por el pozo hace que el incremento de presión dentro del espacio anular suceda demasiado rápido para garantizar la estimulación periódica adecuada del pozo, el método comprende los pasos intermedios adicionales de: ia. Suministrar una primera válvula de alivio (24) y un tanque acumulador de gas de exceso (25) ubicados antes de la válvula de control de presión (3) pero después de la primera válvula de bola (1 1A); iva. Abrir la válvula de alivio (24) para controlar el exceso de presión. ivb. Controlar el tiempo de apertura de la válvula (24) con el temporizador (26) para asegurar la periodicidad de la estimulación [0053] On the other hand, for the modality shown in Figure 2 where the amount of gas generated by the well causes the pressure increase within the annular space to happen too fast to guarantee stimulation adequate periodicity of the well, the method comprises the additional intermediate steps of: ia. Supplying a first relief valve (24) and an excess gas accumulator tank (25) located before the pressure control valve (3) but after the first ball valve (1 1A); VAT. Open relief valve (24) to control excess pressure. ivb. Control the opening time of the valve (24) with the timer (26) to ensure the periodicity of the stimulation
[0054] Refiriéndonos a la Figura 3, tenemos otra modalidad del dispositivo de acuerdo con la presente invención, una que se utiliza en casos donde la producción de gas del pozo es insuficiente para presurizarlo o cuando el pozo ha sido sellado en el fondo, separando el espacio anular del fluido presente en la formación. Referring to Figure 3, we have another modality of the device according to the present invention, one that is used in cases where the well gas production is insufficient to pressurize it or when the well has been sealed at the bottom, separating the annular space of the fluid present in the formation.
[0055] De acuerdo con lo mostrado en la Figura 3, el equipo de la presente solicitud comprende un dispositivo para la generación de un fluido de presurización (36), un compresor (37) para comprimir el fluido de presurización, un tanque de almacenamiento del fluido de presurización (38) y un regulador de alta presión (39) ubicado en el cabezal del pozo. El fluido de presurización empelado debe ser un fluido inerte para evitar explosiones causadas por la combustión de los gases inflamables provenientes de la formación y acumulados en el espacio anular del pozo. El fluido de presurización se selecciona del grupo que comprende un líquido o un gas; preferiblemente es un gas; y más preferiblemente es un gas seleccionado de aire, hidrocarburos gaseosos, gases inertes o nitrógeno. En una modalidad preferida de la presente invención, el gas de presurización es nitrógeno. According to what is shown in Figure 3, the equipment of the present application comprises a device for the generation of a pressurization fluid (36), a compressor (37) to compress the pressurization fluid, a storage tank pressure fluid (38) and a high pressure regulator (39) located in the wellhead. The pressurization fluid used must be an inert fluid to avoid explosions caused by the combustion of flammable gases from the formation and accumulated in the well annulus. The pressurizing fluid is selected from the group comprising a liquid or a gas; preferably it is a gas; and more preferably it is a gas selected from air, gaseous hydrocarbons, inert gases or nitrogen. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressurizing gas is nitrogen.
[0056] Durante la operación, el dispositivo mostrado en la Figura 3 funciona de manera esencialmente igual al de la Figura 1 , con la diferencia que el paso de presurizar el pozo se realiza inyectando el fluido de presurización desde el tanque (38) hacia el espacio anular hasta obtener la presión deseada, la cual es mayor que la presión utilizada cuando el pozo no está sellado en el fondo. [0056] During operation, the device shown in Figure 3 functions essentially the same as that of Figure 1, with the difference that the step of pressurizing the well is carried out by injecting the pressurizing fluid from the tank (38) towards the annular space until the desired pressure is obtained, which is higher than the pressure used when the well is not sealed at the bottom.
[0057] Para poder estimular adecuadamente la formación el dispositivo de la Figura 3 presuriza el espacio anular hasta una presión entre 4 MPa y 17,2 MPa. Un tubo (40) para inyectar el gas de presurización en el espacio anular ingresa una distancia entre 2 y 5 metros, distancia a la que el inventor de la presente tecnología encontró de manera sorprendente e inesperada que el proceso de presurización del pozo genera una primera fase de vibración acústica en la estructura interna del pozo, la cual se transmite a través de las paredes del mismo hacia la formación y de allí al fluido contenido en la misma. Esta primera fase de vibración acústica de la formación realiza un estímulo inicial del fluido allí contenido. In order to be able to adequately stimulate the formation, the device of Figure 3 pressurizes the annular space to a pressure between 4 MPa and 17.2 MPa. A tube (40) to inject the pressurization gas into the annular space enters a distance between 2 and 5 meters, a distance at which the inventor of the present technology found surprisingly and unexpectedly that the well pressurization process generates a first acoustic vibration phase in the internal structure of the well, which is transmitted through the walls of the well to the formation and from there to the fluid contained in it. This first phase of acoustic vibration of the formation performs an initial stimulation of the fluid contained therein.
[0058] Cuando se alcanza la presión deseada, se abre la válvula de control de presión (3) y se libera presión hasta lograr una caída de presión entre 69 kPa y 355 kPa, preferiblemente entre 69 kPa y 207 kPa. Esta caída de presión hace que nuevamente vibre la estructura del pozo, vibración que se transmite a través de las paredes del pozo y hacia la formación. [0058] When the desired pressure is reached, the pressure control valve (3) is opened and pressure is released until a pressure drop is achieved between 69 kPa and 355 kPa, preferably between 69 kPa and 207 kPa. This pressure drop causes the well structure to vibrate again, which is transmitted through the well walls and into the formation.
[0059] Debido a que la presión del anular del pozo es tan alta, la vibración tiene mayor intensidad y mayor amplitud, lo cual garantiza que se estimula la formación adecuadamente. Esto corresponde a una segunda fase de vibración acústica que nuevamente estimula la formación. [0059] Because the well annulus pressure is so high, the vibration has greater intensity and greater amplitude, which ensures that the formation is stimulated properly. This corresponds to a second phase of acoustic vibration that again stimulates the formation.
[0060] El método utilizado con el equipo de la Figura 3 es similar al método básico de la Figura 1 , con la particularidad que comprende los pasos adicionales de: i. Suministrar un dispositivo para la generación de un fluido de presurización (36), un compresor (37) para comprimir el fluido de presurización, un tanque de almacenamiento del fluido de presurización (38) y un regulador de alta presión (39); [0060] The method used with the equipment of Figure 3 is similar to the basic method of Figure 1, with the particularity that it comprises the additional steps of: i. Supplying a device for generating a pressurizing fluid (36), a compressor (37) for compressing the pressurizing fluid, a storage tank for the pressurizing fluid (38) and a high pressure regulator (39);
¡i. Colocar un tubo (40) para inyección del fluido de presurización en el espacio anular a una profundidad de entre 2 y 5 metros; I. Placing a tube (40) for injection of the pressurization fluid in the annular space at a depth of between 2 and 5 meters;
¡ü. Cerrar la válvula de control de presión (3); iv. Inyectar el fluido de presurización para incrementar la presión en el espacio anular hasta alcanzar una presión entre 4 MPa y 17,2 MPa; v. Abrir la válvula de control de presión (3) por un tiempo suficiente para lograr una caída de presión de entre 69 kPa y 355 kPa y un sonido con una frecuencia entre 2000 Hz y 8000 Hz; vi. Repetir el proceso para garantizar una estimulación periódica de la formación. or. Close the pressure control valve (3); iv. Inject the pressurization fluid to increase the pressure in the annular space until reaching a pressure between 4 MPa and 17.2 MPa; v. Open the pressure control valve (3) for a sufficient time to achieve a pressure drop between 69 kPa and 355 kPa and a sound with a frequency between 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz; saw. Repeat the process to ensure regular stimulation of the training.
[0061] En una modalidad de la presente invención, el sistema para estimulación de formaciones que contienen hidrocarburos puede utilizarse para estimular simultáneamente varios pozos que colindan con el pozo que un pozo de estimulación. En algunos casos, el pozo que de estimulación puede ser un pozo en producción, en otros puede ser un pozo abandonado. En una modalidad de la invención, el pozo de estimulación se encuentra ubicado de manera sustancialmente equidistante a al menos dos pozos de producción, por lo que, al estimular la formación, el hidrocarburo no sale por el pozo de estimulación sino que se desplaza a través de la formación hacia al menos uno de los pozos de producción. [0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrocarbon-containing formation stimulation system can be used to simultaneously stimulate several wells adjoining the well as one stimulation well. In some cases, the stimulation well may be a producing well, in others it may be an abandoned well. In one embodiment of the invention, the stimulation well is located substantially equidistant from at least two production wells, therefore, when stimulating the formation, the hydrocarbon does not exit through the stimulation well but instead travels through from the formation to at least one of the production wells.
[0062] Sin querer ceñirse a una teoría en particular, el inventor cree que las ondas sonoras y transversales generadas dentro del pozo estimulado se transmiten a través de la formación, llegando a los pozos aledaños. Cuando el pozo de estimulación es un pozo abandonado, éste tiene una cantidad mínima de hidrocarburos y un alto contenido de agua, las ondas viajan más fácil y rápidamente y pierden poca energía, lo cual les permite llegar a los pozos aledaños que colindan con el pozo abandonado. De esta manera, el sistema de la presente invención puede emplearse para estimular simultáneamente varios pozos con un consumo mínimo de energía. [0062] Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the inventor believes that the sound and transverse waves generated within the stimulated well are transmitted through the formation, reaching the surrounding wells. When the stimulation well is an abandoned well, it has a minimal amount of hydrocarbons and a high water content, the waves travel more easily and quickly and lose little energy, which allows them to reach the neighboring wells that adjoin the well abandoned. In this way, the system of the present invention can be used to simultaneously stimulate several wells with minimal energy consumption.
[0063] De hecho, esta modalidad establece que se pueden estimular tanto el pozo inicial como los pozos con los que colinda para lograr un efecto potenciador de la estimulación al sumar las ondas provenientes del pozo estimulado con la generadas dentro de cada uno de los pozos colindantes que están siendo estimulados individualmente. [0064] En aún otra modalidad de la presente invención, el inventor ha desarrollado un método que permite generar ondas transversales armónicas en el fondo del pozo. Las ondas transversales armónicas de acuerdo con esta modalidad de la presente invención comprenden una onda primaria de mayor amplitud, seguida de una serie de ondas secundarias de menor amplitud que la onda inicial; o, en otro caso, pueden consistir en una serie de ondas primarias de baja amplitud, seguidas de una onda secundaria de mayor amplitud que la suma de las ondas que la preceden. In fact, this modality establishes that both the initial well and the wells with which it adjoins can be stimulated to achieve an enhancing effect of the stimulation by adding the waves from the stimulated well with those generated within each of the wells neighbors that are being stimulated individually. [0064] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inventor has developed a method that allows the generation of harmonic transverse waves at the bottom of the hole. The harmonic transverse waves according to this embodiment of the present invention comprise a primary wave of greater amplitude, followed by a series of secondary waves of lower amplitude than the initial wave; or, in another case, they can consist of a series of primary waves of low amplitude, followed by a secondary wave of greater amplitude than the sum of the waves that precede it.
[0065] Sin querer ceñirse a una teoría en particular, el solicitante cree que la energía de la onda o las ondas secundarias se suma a la energía de la onda o las ondas primarias a medida que estas se desplazan través de la formación, logrando una mayor estimulación de la misma y que la onda u ondas primarias penetren más a fondo en el yacimiento. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, Applicant believes that the energy of the secondary wave (s) adds to the energy of the primary wave (s) as they travel through the formation, achieving a greater stimulation of the same and that the primary wave or waves penetrate more deeply into the reservoir.
[0066] Como se puede apreciar en la FIG. 4, el método de esta cuarta modalidad puede utilizar un fluido de la formación o una fuente externa de fluido para presurizar el pozo. El fluido puede ser un líquido o un gas, de preferencia es un gas que se produce directamente en la formación, aunque también se puede emplear una fuente externa de gas. La fuente externa de gas es preferiblemente un gas inerte, tal como, por ejemplo, pero sin limitarse a, nitrógeno. Una vez se alcanza la presión de operación, se abre la válvula de presión (41), el controlador de presión (42) mide la caída de presión en función del tiempo, medido por el controlador de tiempo (43). Cuando el controlador de tiempo (43) determina que ha transcurrido el tiempo suficiente para causar una caída de presión que da origen a una onda transversal de pequeña amplitud, el controlador de presión (42) cierra la válvula (41) y el primer contador (44) registra un pulso. El proceso se repite hasta 3 veces, tras lo cual se cierra la válvula (41) y se abre la válvula de presión (45). La válvula de presión (45) permanece abierta hasta que el controlador de presión (46) determina que la presión ha caído lo suficiente como para generar una onda transversal con una amplitud igual o mayor a la suma de la amplitud de las ondas transversales más pequeñas, en ese momento el segundo contador (47) registra un pulso y cierra la válvula (45). Este proceso se repite hasta tres veces, o mientras lo permita la presión dentro del pozo, tras lo cual es necesario volver a presurizar el espacio anular. [0067] Este método de estimulación es particularmente eficiente para el caso en que la producción de gas dentro del pozo excede la capacidad del sistema. Al aplicar este método de estimulación se aprovecha la capacidad constante del pozo para mantener la presión en el espacio anular, lo cual permite estimular de manera más regular la formación al poder manejar la presión sin necesidad de un tanque externo. En lugar de desviar el excedente de gas a un depósito externo, de donde debe liberarse de manera muy cuidadosa para no alterar la generación del pulso de presión, se permite que el gas se acumule directamente en el anular del pozo y se libera la presión siguiendo los ciclos armónicos y manteniendo estos ciclos por un periodo de tiempo más prolongado. [0066] As can be seen in FIG. 4, the method of this fourth embodiment may use a fluid from the formation or an external source of fluid to pressurize the well. The fluid can be a liquid or a gas, preferably a gas that is produced directly in the formation, although an external source of gas can also be used. The external source of gas is preferably an inert gas, such as, for example, but not limited to, nitrogen. Once the operating pressure is reached, the pressure valve (41) is opened, the pressure controller (42) measures the pressure drop as a function of time, measured by the time controller (43). When the time controller (43) determines that enough time has elapsed to cause a pressure drop that gives rise to a small amplitude transverse wave, the pressure controller (42) closes the valve (41) and the first counter ( 44) registers a pulse. The process is repeated up to 3 times, after which the valve (41) is closed and the pressure valve (45) is opened. Pressure valve (45) remains open until pressure controller (46) determines that the pressure has dropped enough to generate a shear wave with an amplitude equal to or greater than the sum of the amplitude of the smaller shear waves At that moment the second counter (47) registers a pulse and closes the valve (45). This process is repeated up to three times, or as long as the pressure inside the well allows, after which it is necessary to re-pressurize the annulus. [0067] This stimulation method is particularly efficient for the case where the gas production within the well exceeds the capacity of the system. Applying this stimulation method takes advantage of the constant capacity of the well to maintain the pressure in the annular space, which allows the formation to be stimulated more regularly by being able to manage the pressure without the need for an external tank. Instead of diverting the excess gas to an external reservoir, from where it must be released very carefully so as not to disturb the generation of the pressure pulse, the gas is allowed to accumulate directly in the well annulus and the pressure is released following harmonic cycles and maintaining these cycles for a longer period of time.
[0068] En aún otra modalidad de la presente invención, las variaciones de presión se generan en fluidos que están siendo inyectados en procesos de explotación de yacimientos, tal como, por ejemplo, pero sin limitarse a, fracking. Estas variaciones de presión en el fluido que se está inyectando directamente al yacimiento también genera ondas transversales que mejoran la penetración de los fluidos, el efecto de los tratamientos y ayudan a movilizar el crudo del yacimiento al pozo de extracción. [0068] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, pressure variations are generated in fluids being injected into reservoir mining processes, such as, for example, but not limited to, fracking. These pressure variations in the fluid that is being injected directly into the reservoir also generate shear waves that improve fluid penetration, the effect of treatments, and help move the oil from the reservoir to the extraction well.
[0069] De acuerdo con el método de esta modalidad, un yacimiento de petróleo puede ser estimulado inyectando fluidos a través de un pozo de inyección ubicado en un punto equidistante a dos o más pozos de producción. Dichos fluidos empujan el petróleo a través de la formación y hacia el pozo productor. Con el fin de mantener un flujo continuo de petróleo desde el yacimiento y hacia el pozo productor, estos fluidos se inyectan a presión dentro de la formación y variando dicha presión se pueden crear ondas transversales que se mueven a través de la formación y el yacimiento, impulsando el petróleo y mejorando su recuperación al tiempo que se incrementa y facilita la penetración del fluido de estimulación. According to the method of this embodiment, an oil field can be stimulated by injecting fluids through an injection well located at a point equidistant from two or more production wells. These fluids push the oil through the formation and into the producing well. In order to maintain a continuous flow of oil from the reservoir and into the producing well, these fluids are injected under pressure into the formation and by varying this pressure, shear waves can be created that move through the formation and reservoir. boosting the oil and improving its recovery while increasing and facilitating the penetration of the stimulation fluid.
[0070] Las variaciones periódicas de la presión pueden causarse mediante incrementos de presión o mediante alivios de presión, dependiendo de la amplitud deseada, donde los incrementos de presión pueden generar pulsos más cortos y ondas transversales de menor amplitud; en tanto que los alivios de presión generan pulsos más largos y ondas transversales de mayor amplitud. [0071] Además de estimular la producción de petróleo en yacimientos, particularmente en, pero sin limitarse a, yacimientos con un alto contenido de agua en la formación o que se encuentran en una etapa final de explotación, el método de estimulación mediante ondas transversales y/u ondas transversales armónicas de acuerdo con la presente invención también permite limpiar tanto el pozo de producción como la formación misma de depósitos orgánicos e inorgánicos que tienden a acumularse por efecto de la decantación de elementos más pesados dentro del crudo a medida que éste es retirado del yacimiento. [0070] Periodic variations in pressure can be caused by pressure increases or pressure reliefs, depending on the desired amplitude, where pressure increases can generate shorter pulses and lower amplitude shear waves; while pressure reliefs generate longer pulses and higher amplitude shear waves. [0071] In addition to stimulating oil production in reservoirs, particularly in, but not limited to, reservoirs with a high water content in the formation or that are in a final stage of exploitation, the shear wave stimulation method and / or harmonic transverse waves according to the present invention also allows cleaning both the production well and the formation itself of organic and inorganic deposits that tend to accumulate as a result of the decantation of heavier elements within the crude oil as it is withdrawn. of the deposit.
[0072] Sin querer ceñirse a una teoría en particular, el inventor de la presente tecnología cree que las ondas transversales generadas de acuerdo con el sistema y/o el método de la presente invención actúan como un agitador que remueve los depósitos formados y los mantiene suspendidos en el petróleo, de tal forma que estos sean retirados de la formación y/o el pozo junto con el petróleo, al tiempo que impide que los componentes más pesados del crudo se aglomeren dentro de la formación creando depósitos indeseables que pueden causar bloqueos o taponamientos dentro de la formación o los pozos de extracción. [0072] Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventor of the present technology believes that the shear waves generated according to the system and / or the method of the present invention act as an agitator that removes the formed deposits and maintains them suspended in the oil, in such a way that these are removed from the formation and / or the well along with the oil, while preventing the heavier components of the oil from agglomerating within the formation creating undesirable deposits that can cause blockages or plugging within the formation or extraction wells.
[0073] Estas y otras ventajas serán evidentes para el técnico con habilidad en la materia a partir de la lectura o puesta en práctica de la tecnología que aquí se describe y reivindica. [0073] These and other advantages will be apparent to the technician skilled in the art from reading or putting into practice the technology described and claimed herein.
[0074] Si bien hasta ahora se ha hecho una descripción de algunas de las modalidades preferidas de la presente invención, el técnico con habilidad ordinaria en la materia podrá apreciar que aún es posible realizar algunas modificaciones y ajustes sin alejarse del espíritu de la invención. La presente descripción tiene, por lo tanto, el objeto de dar una visión no limitante de lo que constituye la invención en diferentes formas. El alcance y los límites de la presente invención solo quedan definidos por el capítulo reivindicatorío que se adjunta. [0074] Although a description has been made of some of the preferred embodiments of the present invention so far, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that some modifications and adjustments are still possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. The present description has, therefore, the object of giving a non-limiting view of what constitutes the invention in different ways. The scope and limits of the present invention are only defined by the attached claim chapter.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Dispositivo para la estimulación de formaciones que contienen hidrocarburos mediante la generación de ondas transversales, caracterizado porque comprende: 1. Device for the stimulation of hydrocarbon-containing formations by generating transverse waves, characterized in that it comprises:
- una válvula de control 3, - a control valve 3,
- un controlador de presión 4, - a pressure controller 4,
- un controlador de tiempo 5, - a time controller 5,
- un sensor de vibración 6, - a vibration sensor 6,
- un interruptor de presión 7, - a pressure switch 7,
- un manómetro regulador de velocidad de cierre 8 de la válvula 3, - a closing speed regulator pressure gauge 8 of valve 3,
- una o más válvulas de bola (11A, 11 B, 11 C), - one or more ball valves (11A, 11 B, 11 C),
- una válvula de chequeo 12, - a check valve 12,
- un sistema neumático de control, que comprende un regulador de alta presión 9, un tanque para el deshumidificador de gas de instrumentación 13, y un regulador de baja presión 10, - a pneumatic control system, comprising a high pressure regulator 9, a tank for the instrumentation gas dehumidifier 13, and a low pressure regulator 10,
- una válvula de alivio 24, - a relief valve 24,
- una válvula de chequeo 22, y - a check valve 22, and
- un tanque acumulador 25. - an accumulator tank 25.
2. Un dispositivo para estimulación de formaciones de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque comprende: una válvula de control 3, un controlador de presión 4, 2. A device for stimulation of formations according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a control valve 3, a pressure controller 4,
- un controlador de tiempo 5, - a time controller 5,
- un sensor de vibración 6, conectado directamente al cabezal del pozo o sobre la tubería que sale del cabezal, - a vibration sensor 6, connected directly to the wellhead or on the pipe leaving the wellhead,
- un interruptor de presión 7 - a pressure switch 7
- un manómetro regulador de velocidad de cierre 8 de la válvula 3, - a closing speed regulator pressure gauge 8 of valve 3,
- una o más válvulas de bola (1 1A, 1 1 B, 1 1 C), - one or more ball valves (1 1A, 1 1 B, 1 1 C),
- una válvula de chequeo 12, y - a check valve 12, and
- un sistema neumático de control, que comprende un regulador de alta presión 9, un tanque para el deshumidificador de gas de instrumentación 13, y un regulador de baja presión 10. - a pneumatic control system, comprising a high pressure regulator 9, a tank for the instrumentation gas dehumidifier 13, and a low pressure regulator 10.
3. Un dispositivo para estimulación de formaciones de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque además comprende: 3. A device for stimulation of formations according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises:
- un dispositivo para la generación de gas de presurización 36, - a device for generating pressurizing gas 36,
- un compresor 37, - a compressor 37,
- un tanque de almacenamiento de gas de presurización 38, y - a pressurizing gas storage tank 38, and
- un regulador de alta presión 39 ubicado en el cabezal del pozo. - a high pressure regulator 39 located in the wellhead.
4. Un dispositivo para estimulación de formaciones de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el gas de presurización se selecciona del grupo que comprende aire, hidrocarburos gaseosos, gases inertes o nitrógeno. 4. A formation stimulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressurizing gas is selected from the group comprising air, gaseous hydrocarbons, inert gases or nitrogen.
5. Un método para estimular una formación que contiene hidrocarburos con el dispositivo de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, el cual comprende presurizar el espacio anular del pozo con un fluido proveniente de la formación misma, en donde el fluido es un gas, caracterizado porque comprende los pasos de: i. Abrir las válvulas 11A y 11 B y cerrar la válvula 11C para permitir el flujo de gas a través del sistema estimulador 1 ; ii. Cerrar la válvula de control de presión 3 para presurizar el espacio anular del pozo hasta alcanzar una presión entre 1 ,03 MPa y 4, 14 MPa; ni. Abrir la válvula de control de presión 3 por un tiempo suficiente para lograr una caída de presión de entre 69 kPa y 355 kPa y un sonido con una frecuencia entre 2000 Hz y 8000 Hz; iv. Repetir el proceso para garantizar una estimulación periódica de la formación. 5. A method of stimulating a formation containing hydrocarbons with the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises pressurizing the annulus of the well with a fluid from the formation itself, wherein the fluid is a gas , characterized in that it comprises the steps of: i. Open valves 11A and 11B and close valve 11C to allow gas flow through stimulator system 1; ii. Close the pressure control valve 3 to pressurize the annular space of the well until reaching a pressure between 1.03 MPa and 4.14 MPa; neither. Open the pressure control valve 3 long enough to achieve a pressure drop of between 69 kPa and 355 kPa and a sound with a frequency between 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz; iv. Repeat the process to ensure regular stimulation of the training.
6. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque comprende un paso preliminar de calibración, caracterizado porque el sensor de vibración (6) mide la frecuencia natural del sistema y la alimenta al controlador de tiempo (5), el cual utiliza dicho parámetro para establecer el tiempo que debe estar abierta la válvula de control de presión (3), y el controlador de presión (4) mide la presión natural del pozo. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a preliminary calibration step, characterized in that the vibration sensor (6) measures the natural frequency of the system and feeds it to the time controller (5), which uses said parameter to set the time that the pressure control valve (3) should be open, and the pressure controller (4) measures the natural pressure of the well.
7. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque la formación produce demasiado fluido, en donde el fluido es un gas y comprende los pasos adicionales de ia. Suministrar una primera válvula de alivio (24) y un tanque acumulador de gas de exceso (25) ubicados antes de la válvula de control de presión (3) pero después de la primera válvula de bola 11A; iiia. Controlar el exceso de presión abriendo la válvula de alivio (24), dejando escapar el exceso de presión en intervalos no mayores a entre 1 kPa y 2 kPa. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the formation produces too much fluid, wherein the fluid is a gas and comprises the additional steps of ia. Supplying a first relief valve (24) and an excess gas accumulator tank (25) located before the pressure control valve (3) but after the first ball valve 11A; iiia. Control the excess pressure by opening the relief valve (24), letting the excess pressure escape at intervals no greater than between 1 kPa and 2 kPa.
8. Un método para estimular una formación que contiene hidrocarburos pero que no produce suficiente fluido para su presurización, caracterizado porque comprende los pasos de: i. Suministrar un dispositivo para la generación de un fluido de presurización (36) seleccionado del grupo que comprende aire, hidrocarburos gaseosos, gases inertes o nitrógeno, un compresor (37) para comprimir el fluido de presurización, un tanque de almacenamiento del fluido de presurización (38) y un regulador de alta presión (39); 8. A method to stimulate a formation that contains hydrocarbons but does not produce enough fluid for pressurization, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: i. Supply a device for the generation of a pressurization fluid (36) selected from the group comprising air, gaseous hydrocarbons, inert gases or nitrogen, a compressor (37) to compress the pressurization fluid, a storage tank of the pressurization fluid ( 38) and a high pressure regulator (39);
¡i. Colocar un tubo (40) para inyección del fluido de presurización en el espacio anular a una profundidad de entre 2 y 5 metros; ni. Cerrar la válvula de control de presión (3); iv. Inyectar el fluido de presurización para incrementar la presión en el espacio anular hasta alcanzar una presión entre 4 MPa y 17,2 MPa, causando una primera estimulación de la formación.; v. Abrir la válvula de control de presión (3) por un tiempo suficiente para lograr una caída de presión de entre 69 kPa y 355 kPa y un sonido con una frecuencia entre 2000 Hz y 8000 Hz, causando una segunda estimulación de la formación; vi. Repetir el proceso para garantizar una estimulación periódica de la formación. I. Placing a tube (40) for injection of the pressurization fluid in the annular space at a depth of between 2 and 5 meters; neither. Close the pressure control valve (3); iv. Inject the pressurizing fluid to increase the pressure in the annular space until reaching a pressure between 4 MPa and 17.2 MPa, causing a first stimulation of the formation. v. Open the pressure control valve (3) for a sufficient time to achieve a pressure drop between 69 kPa and 355 kPa and a sound with a frequency between 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz, causing a second stimulation of the formation; saw. Repeat the process to ensure regular stimulation of the training.
9. Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5 a 8, caracterizado porque la formación que se estimula corresponde a un pozo abandonado que colinda con uno o más pozos en producción, que opcionalmente están siendo estimulados individualmente. A method according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the formation being stimulated corresponds to an abandoned well that adjoins one or more wells in production, which are optionally being stimulated individually.
10. Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5 a 9, caracterizado porque el efecto estimulante se transmite a través de la formación a todos los pozos colindantes con el pozo que está siendo estimulado. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the stimulating effect is transmitted through the formation to all wells adjoining the well being stimulated.
11. Un método para estimular una formación que contiene hidrocarburos, caracterizado porque comprende los pasos de: i. Presurizar el espacio anular del pozo; ii. abrir la válvula de presión (41), el controlador de presión (42) mide la caída de presión en función del tiempo, medido por el controlador de tiempo (43). Cuando el controlador de tiempo (43) determina que ha transcurrido el tiempo suficiente para causar una caída de presión que da origen a una onda transversal de pequeña amplitud, el controlador de presión (42) cierra la válvula (41) y el primer contador (44) registra un pulso. El proceso se repite hasta 3 veces, tras lo cual se cierra la válvula (41) y se abre la válvula de presión (45). 11. A method for stimulating a formation containing hydrocarbons, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: i. Pressurize the annulus of the well; ii. Open the pressure valve (41), the pressure controller (42) measures the pressure drop as a function of time, measured by the time controller (43). When the time controller (43) determines that enough time has elapsed to cause a pressure drop that gives rise to a small amplitude transverse wave, the pressure controller (42) closes the valve (41) and the first counter ( 44) registers a pulse. The process is repeated up to 3 times, after which the valve (41) is closed and the pressure valve (45) is opened.
Ni. La válvula de presión (45) permanece abierta hasta que el controlador de presión (46) determina que la presión ha caído lo suficiente como para generar una onda transversal con una amplitud igual o mayor a la suma de la amplitud de las ondas transversales más pequeñas, en ese momento el segundo contador (47) registra un pulso y cierra la válvula (45). iv. Repetir el proceso del paso ii) y el paso iii) mientras lo permita la presión dentro del pozo, tras lo cual es necesario volver a presurizar el espacio anular. Neither. Pressure valve (45) remains open until pressure controller (46) determines that pressure has dropped enough to generate a transverse wave with a amplitude equal to or greater than the sum of the amplitude of the smallest transverse waves, at that moment the second counter (47) registers a pulse and closes the valve (45). iv. Repeat the process of step ii) and step iii) as long as the pressure inside the well allows, after which it is necessary to re-pressurize the annulus.
12. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 11 , caracterizado porque las ondas armónicas comprenden una onda transversal de mayor amplitud, seguida de dos o más ondas transversales de menor amplitud. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the harmonic waves comprise a transverse wave of greater amplitude, followed by two or more transverse waves of lower amplitude.
13. Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la estimulación de la formación se realiza desde un pozo secundario ubicado en un punto distante del pozo de extracción. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stimulation of the formation is carried out from a secondary well located at a point distant from the extraction well.
14. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque el pozo secundario está ubicado en un extremo de la formación. 14. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the secondary well is located at one end of the formation.
15. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque el pozo secundario está ubicado sustancialmente equidistante de al menos dos pozos de producción. 15. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the secondary well is located substantially equidistant from at least two production wells.
16. Un método para estimular una formación que contiene hidrocarburos, en la cual se inyecta un fluido a presión por un pozo secundario ubicado en un extremo del yacimiento para empujar el petróleo atrapado en la formación hacia el pozo de extracción, caracterizado porque se varía la presión del fluido que se inyecta al yacimiento. 16. A method to stimulate a formation containing hydrocarbons, in which a fluid under pressure is injected through a secondary well located at one end of the reservoir to push the oil trapped in the formation towards the extraction well, characterized in that the pressure of the fluid that is injected into the reservoir.
17. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque la variación en la presión es un incremento de la presión. 17. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the variation in pressure is an increase in pressure.
18. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque la variación en la presión es una reducción de la presión. 18. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the variation in pressure is a reduction in pressure.
19. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque la variación en la presión genera una sola onda transversal. 19. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the variation in pressure generates a single transverse wave.
20. Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque la variación en la presión se efectúa de tal manera que se generan ondas transversales armónicas. 20. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the variation in pressure is effected in such a way that harmonic transverse waves are generated.
21. Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5 a 20, caracterizado porque el fluido que se inyecta en el pozo es un líquido. 21. A method according to any of claims 5 to 20, characterized in that the fluid that is injected into the well is a liquid.
PCT/CO2019/050002 2019-02-04 2019-06-28 System and method for stimulating oil extraction from an oil-containing formation by applying transverse waves and periodic sound waves WO2020160712A1 (en)

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WO2013005082A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Seeden Foundation Device and method for enhancing oil production by generating shock waves
MX2014006793A (en) * 2011-12-21 2014-07-09 Welltec As Stimulation method.
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WO2013005082A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Seeden Foundation Device and method for enhancing oil production by generating shock waves
MX2014006793A (en) * 2011-12-21 2014-07-09 Welltec As Stimulation method.
US20150218924A1 (en) * 2014-02-06 2015-08-06 Sergey A. Kostrov Method and Apparatus for Resonant Over-Pressured Well Fracturing
CN107905778A (en) * 2017-10-19 2018-04-13 中国石油大学(华东) Supercritical CO2The enhanced geothermal system experimental provision of fluid fracturing and method

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