WO2020159344A1

WO2020159344A1 - Blind aid apparatus for the spatial orientation of seeing-ear persons

Info

Publication number: WO2020159344A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2019/000023
Authority: WO
Inventors: Галимжан ГАБДРЕШОВ
Original assignee: Галимжан ГАБДРЕШОВ
Priority date: 2019-01-29
Filing date: 2019-11-25
Publication date: 2020-08-06

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of audiolocation, and more particularly to blind aid apparatuses for the spatial orientation of seeing-ear persons, and can be used for training seeing-ear persons to orient themselves in open spaces, closed spaces, domestic settings and various educational, medical, rehabilitation and wellness establishments. The technical result is: to lend a quality useful to a seeing-ear person to a sound produced (by a sound beacon) and the sound reflected (a soundprint) from surrounding material objects, which can be detected by the organs of hearing of a seeing-ear person for spatial orientation with the aid of special settings on training devices; to allow settings to be tailored to individual seeing-ear persons; and to provide a wide conical angle of transmission and reception of information, where an individual pulse returns information about each object situated within the zone of the conical signal. This is achieved in that in the claimed blind aid apparatus for the spatial orientation of seeing-ear persons comprising an electronic circuit board with a sound emitter and a source of electrical power, the electronic circuit board based on microcircuits is connected to the source of electrical power, to a sound parameter adjustment unit and to the sound emitter, wherein the sound parameter adjustment unit is connected to at least one memory unit.

Description

TIFLOAPPARAT FOR ORIENTATION OF SEZUALS IN

SPACE

AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of audiolocation, namely to tiflo cameras for orienting sezuals in space and can be used to adapt sezuals for orientation in open space, indoors, at home and in various educational, medical, rehabilitation and prophylactic institutions.

PRIOR ART

In nature, there are many animals, mammals and insects that use sonar for orientation in space. The most famous representatives are bats, dolphins, shrews, a number of pinnipeds (seals), birds (guajaro, swiftlets, etc.), as well as among arthropods - the moth scoop.

The principle of sound orientation is that they emit a short sound signal, which is reflected from all things and echoes, giving information about the distance to them, their forms, the type of substances, their location and the direction of their movement.

Various modern sonars work on this principle. By the return time of the echo, one can judge the distance to the obstacle, and by the nature of the sound change from the original one, the material, shape and other parameters of the obstacle.

The term "sezual" and its derivatives refer to a method of obtaining information about things around us using sonar perceived by a natural human hearing aid (in a sound range that is comfortable for a person) and further processed by the human brain to obtain information about the distance to them, their forms, the type of substances, their location and the direction of their movement.

A derivative of the term sezual - "sezual orientation" means orientation in space with the help of special sonar properties of the claimed phonograph, which are suitable for humans.

There are various technical systems and devices designed for sezuals, allowing them to navigate in their surroundings. Such means include devices for indicating the free path. They are the simplest and carry information only about the presence of an obstacle in the path of the blind / CN 2907594, publ. 06.06.2007 “Stereo-ultrasonic device for helping the blind”; EP 1025828, publ. 08/09/2000; DE 4212163, publ. 10/14/1993; RU 2040234, publ. July 25, 1995; RU 2359287, publ. 06/20/2009 /.

The disadvantages of the known analogs include obtaining information only about the presence of an obstacle in front of the device, by analogy with a car parktronic, and does not represent information value necessary for the blind for the blind.

Known tifdoashshrat for orientation of the seasons in space, including an electronic board with a sound emitter and a power source, and also containing a series-connected probe pulse generator, a frequency modulation (FM) unit, an amplifier of the radiation path and a transmitter, right and left channels: processing, each of which contains a serially connected ultrasonic transducer, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a matched filter (SF), a memory unit, a set of time-scale filters, an adder, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), an amplifier, a headphone, and the second input of the ADC of both channels is connected to the corresponding outputs of the clock generator, the corresponding inputs time-scale filters are connected to the corresponding outputs of the control unit, to the other corresponding outputs of which the inputs of the corresponding digital-to-analog converters and memory units are connected, and the input of the control unit is connected to the corresponding output of the synchronizing pulse generator / RU 2523340 C2, 07/20/2014 /.

The disadvantages of this analogue are the low sound characteristics reproduced by the tifloastarat, which do not provide comfort for the orientation of the sezual in space, the disconnection of signals with the sezual frequency of the blind.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to develop a design of a tiflo apparatus for orienting the sezuals in space with seasonal technical characteristics.

The technical result is the sezual quality of the reproduced (sound beacon) and displayed sound (sound imprint) from material objects of the environment, captured by the auditory organs of the sezual for its orientation in space using special settings on the simulators, as well as the possibility of individual adjustment for each sezual, wide cone the angle of transmission and reception of information, where a single impulse returns information about each thing in the cone signal zone, namely: the distance to the thing, the type of matter, shape and other parameters, the ability to write into memory, for subsequent operational switching modes; “Room”, “street-summer”, “street-winter” and “individual mode”.

This is achieved by the fact that the tiflo apparatus for orientation of the seasons in space, including an electronic board with a sound emitter and a power source, according to the invention, an electronic board on On the basis of the microcircuits, the power supply, the unit for adjusting the sound parameters and the sound emitter are communicated, and the unit for adjusting the sound parameters is communicated with at least one memory unit.

The unit for adjusting the sound parameters is configured to receive and transmit signals to an electronic board based on microcircuits.

The memory unit is configured to receive and transmit signals to an electronic board based on microcircuits, as well as record sound parameters set by the sezual.

The sound emitter is made with the possibility of emitting a sound wave with a length of about 1/100 of a second and additional options for adjusting the characteristics of the emitted sound (click), which is comfortable for the sezual.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following figures:

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the operation of a sezualny typhloagharat for orienting sezuals in space, on which the following elements are indicated:

1 ~ power supply; 2 - electronic staff based on microcircuits; 3 - block for adjusting sound parameters; 4, 5, 6, 7 - memory blocks according to the modes "room", "street-summer", "street-winter", "individual"; 8 ~ sound emitter (short sound waves).

Figure 2 shows an electrical schematic diagram of the operation of a tiflo apparatus for orienting the sezuals in space, on which the following elements are indicated:

DD1, DD2 - integrated circuits of the NE555 type; S1 - power switch; FU1 - fuse; Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, CU - capacitors; Rl, R2, R3, R5, R4, R6, R7, R8 resistors; SALI, SA1.2, SA2, SA3 - switches; VD2, VD3, VD4, VD5 - diodes; VT1 transistor; LI - coil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This tifloapnarat ensures the matching of the frequency range and duration of the acoustic signal with the human auditory organ and the filtering performed by the human brain to exclude the uninformative part of the information transmission and processing of the received information contained in the echo signal.

The schematic solution for the claimed tifloapparatus will be a generator with adjustable characteristics of the output signal and duty cycle. The frequency of such a generator should lie in the audio range of about 12000 Hz. The duty cycle and other characteristics of the emitter are determined individually for each blind person by experimental identification of special simulators.

The invention is carried out as follows.

The principle of seasonal orientation with the help of the claimed invention is that tifloapnarat emits a short secular sound signal, which is reflected from all things and echoes, informing about the distance to them, their forms, the type of substances, their location and direction of their movement.

The power supply unit (I) supplies electrical energy to the electronic circuit (2). The electronic circuit (2), in turn, sends a signal to the emitter (8) according to the settings of the regulation component (3). The emitter (8) emits a sound wave with a length of about 1/100 of a second, as well as other special settings of the control component (3). The tested sezual adjusts the declared typhloapparatus for himself using the control component (3) until the comfortable characteristics of the emitted sound and writes them to memory blocks (4, 5,6, 7). The quality of the seizure orientation is checked on separately designed simulators.

The principle of operation of the claimed tifloapparatus at the microcircuit level is based on the operation of two integrated circuits DD 1 and DD2 of the NE555 type. Both integrated circuits have a similar harness, the elements of which perform similar functions. This connection of microcircuits is used when they work in the multivibrator mode.

The circuit is connected to a low voltage source with a rated voltage of 12V is as follows. Power is supplied by turning on the switch S 1. For protection against short circuits and currents significantly exceeding the rated ones, a 6 A fuse FU1 is used.

To smooth out possible interference with the input voltage from the power supply, a smoothing filter from a resistor R1 (R2) and a capacitor C I (C2) is connected in parallel to the power supply circuit of integrated circuits DD l (DD2).

Capacitors C9 (C10), installed between control pin 5 DDl (DD2) and common 0V, serve for more stable operation of the generator, smoothing out surges of parasitic current when switching the output stage.

Variable resistors R3 (R5), R4 (R6) and one of the group of capacitors SZ-C5 (C6-SV) are responsible for the parameters of the output pulses. By adjusting variable resistors and one of the capacitor group, the duty cycle of the output pulses is set (the ratio of the pulse repetition period to its duration). Switches SA2 (SA3) are used for stepwise setting of sound parameters; variable resistors are smoothly adjusted to the required values.

Diodes VD2, VD3 (VD4, VD5) are used to expand the available adjustment range of the output pulses. Both NE555 ICs with strapping work on the same principle. At the moment of power supply, the driving capacitor is discharged, which turns the output 3 of the IC into a high state. Then the capacitor starts charging and when the threshold value of 8V is reached, the IC at the output switches to a low level. The capacitor begins to discharge to a voltage of 4V. Dates it again changes the level at the output of the IC and the cycle repeats.

Differences in several orders of magnitude in the ratings of the groups of capacitors C3, C4, C5 and C6, C7, C8 significantly affect the frequency of the generated pulses. Output 3 of IC DD1 is connected to input 4 of IC DD2 through the SAL 1 switch (SA 1.2). When you move the SAl. l (SA1.2) in the ON position on the DD2 IC, strobe (prohibiting / enabling) pulses from the DDL IC are received, In fact, forming the periods of operation / pause of the DD2 IC.

Power transistor VT1 is connected to output 3 of IC DD2 through a divider across resistors R7 and R8. It plays the role of a key, allowing higher currents to pass through the L1 coil circuit than the NE555 IC can allow.

The shunt diode VDI, inserted parallel to the induction winding L 1, serves to combat the hysteresis currents that occur with frequent switching of the coil circuit and can lead to failure of the transistor VT1.

Experimental tests were carried out on the declared typhloapparatus.

Cezuals:

disabled person of group I with a diagnosis of glaucoma. Sezual has a complete loss of vision, the affected eyes were removed, and prostheses were implanted in both eyes. disabled person of group 1 with absolute blindness.

Cognition of space and orientation in it is a complex and lengthy process, and the development of spatial representations requires special training. The perception of space is not limited only accumulation of sensory experience. The proposed tests are based on the accumulation of knowledge about objects of the surrounding air in their spatial relations with the help of this typhloapparatus.

With age, the desire develops for a more accurate definition of spatial relations, their numerical expression. A purely sensory experience of perceiving space is reconstructed into its logical cognition through measurement. Tasks of the tests involve first the recognition of various objects with the help of new secular qualities and tactile confirmation, and then determining the location of objects in space with the help of secular perception. During the performance of the tasks of the first test for the tested sezual, the determination of a soft and hard object and its position relative to the sezual did not cause any difficulty, since a certain sensory experience was accumulated. The blind, with the help of a special training technology, learned to recognize objects from time to time. It was necessary to select, differentiate, localize various sounds emanating from these objects with the help of a typhloapparatus. From test to test, the tasks became more difficult. In the course of their execution, the tested sezuaya, in the process of using the typhlo apparatus, learned such signs of space as volume, depth, length, distance.

After adapting to the tiflo apparatus and setting it up individually, practicing, completing tasks for the test, the sezual began to combine tactile representations with their sound characteristics, verbal designation and spatial location. So with the help of this tiflo apparatus, a generalized image of the surrounding space was created, which is very important for the formation of adequate spatial representations.

This tiflo camera can be used by people with visual impairments to obtain seasonal information about the environment. The results of the studies conducted allow practical evidence to state that during the period of purposeful experimental work, the tested ezuals showed results in orientations in space using the sound of colocadia and testify to the high efficiency of the recommended typhloapiarat. The use of a typing apparatus will allow to form a positive motivation for learning and for life in society as a whole, will help to expand the understanding of the world around, will contribute to the development of spatial thinking, skills in obtaining information about micro- and macrospaces and objects located in them using its capabilities.

The advantages of this invention are the obtaining of the sezual quality (sound beacon) and the displayed sound (sound print) from the material objects of the environment, captured by the auditory organs of the sezual for its orientation in space, which have the following qualities:

use of the seasonal characteristics of the sound range of the emitter;

the ability to customize for each season; wide cone angle of transmission and reception of information, where a single impulse returns information about each thing in the cone signal zone, namely: distance to a thing, type of matter, shape and other parameters;

the ability to write to memory, for subsequent operational switching modes: "indoor", "street-summer", "street-winter" and "individual mode";

elimination of the non-informative part of the information transmission and processing of the received information contained in the echo signal by the capabilities of the human brain.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A typhoid apparatus for orientation of the seasons in space, including an electronic board with a sound emitter and a power supply, characterized in that the electronic board based on microcircuits is connected to a power supply, a unit for adjusting sound parameters and a sound emitter, and the unit for adjusting sound parameters is in communication with at least one memory block.

2. Tifloapparatus according to years 1, characterized in that the said unit for adjusting the sound parameters is configured to receive and transmit signals to an electronic board based on microcircuits.

3. A typing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said memory unit is configured to receive and transmit signals to an electronic board based on microcircuits, as well as to record sound parameters set by the sezual.

4. A typhoid apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said sound emitter is configured to emit a sound wave with a length of 1/100 second.