WO2020156122A1

WO2020156122A1 - Conductor capable of achieving superconductivity at room temperature

Info

Publication number: WO2020156122A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/071726
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张念鲁
Original assignee: 张念鲁
Priority date: 2019-01-30
Filing date: 2020-01-13
Publication date: 2020-08-06
Also published as: CN109686494A

Abstract

A conductor capable of achieving superconductivity at room temperature, the conductor comprising a conductor 1 that is connected to a positive output terminal of the same direct current power supply so that the conductor 1 carries a positive charge; the external surface of the conductor 1 is coated with an insulating layer 1, and the external surface of the insulating layer 1 is coated with a layer of a conductor 2; the conductor 2 is used for transmitting an alternating current or a direct current, the external surface of the conductor 2 is coated with an insulating layer 2, the external surface of the insulating layer 2 is coated with a layer of a conductor 3, and the conductor 3 is connected to a negative output terminal of the same direct current power supply so that the conductor 3 carries a negative charge. When the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 are connected to the direct current power supply, the conductor 2 is located in a direct current electrostatic field. Due to the presence of static induction, an equipotential body is provided at the interior of the conductor 2, and conductive holes are formed. The flow of free conductive electrons on the equipotential body of the conductor 2 does not consume any energy, thereby achieving superconductivity. Since the output voltage of the direct current power supply may be adjusted in real time, the conductor 2 may be caused to be in the optimal superconductive state when transmitting an alternating current and a direct current.

Description

A conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature

Technical field

The invention relates to a direct current resistance in a conductor that transmits direct current or alternating current in a normal temperature state, and can adjust the strength of the direct current electrostatic field in which the conductor is located in real time according to the size of the transmitted current in the conductor, so that the The conductor is always in the best state of no DC resistance, that is, superconducting is realized, which belongs to the field of power transmission.

Background technique

At present, in the process of transmitting DC or AC current at normal temperature, there is DC resistance in the conductor that transmits DC or AC current, which leads to power loss during power transmission. Research on eliminating DC resistance is still at a low temperature. The state, the normal temperature state has not been involved, and the non-resistance (superconducting) state of the conductor is realized in the low temperature state, and its practical application cost is very high, which is not convenient for widespread application.

It can be seen that, in the normal temperature state, eliminating the DC resistance in the conductor that transmits DC or AC current is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature. The conductor can eliminate the direct current resistance in the conductor that hinders the flow of direct current or alternating current in the process of transmitting direct current or alternating current, thereby eliminating the conductor The loss of electrical energy in the process of transmitting DC or AC current.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A conductor capable of realizing normal temperature superconductivity, characterized in that: the conductor includes a conductor 1 connected to the positive output end of a DC power supply with the same output voltage and adjustable to make itself positively charged. The outer surface of the conductor 1 is covered with a The outer surface of the insulating layer 1 is covered with a layer of conductor 2. The conductor 2 is used to transmit AC or DC current, the outer surface of the conductor 2 is covered with an insulating layer 2, and the outer surface of the insulating layer 2 is covered A layer of conductor 3, conductor 3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the same output voltage adjustable DC power supply, so that it has a negative charge, conductor 1 is in the innermost layer, conductor 3 is in the outermost layer, conductor 1, insulating layer 1, conductor 2. The insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are concentric; the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 are made of conductive materials, and the conductor 2 is made of good conductor materials; the insulating layer 1 is used to prevent the positive charge in the conductor 1 from entering the conductor 2, and insulation The layer 2 is used to prevent the negative charges in the conductor 3 from entering the conductor 2, and the insulating layer 1 and the insulating layer 2 are made of insulating materials.

Preferably, the conductor 1, the conductor 2, and the conductor 3 are made of a good conductor material that is easy to bend.

Preferably, the conductor 1, the conductor 2, and the conductor 3 are made of copper or aluminum material.

Preferably, the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the conductor 3 are in close contact with each other.

In design, the conductor 1 is made of high-strength conductive material. Preferably, the conductor 1 is made of steel material.

In actual design, the cross-sections of the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the conductor 3 are all circular; or, the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1. The cross-sections of the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are all rectangular, and the broad side and the long side of the conductor 1 are connected to the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, and the conductor respectively. The broad sides and long sides of the insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are parallel; or, the cross-sections of the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are other The same shape, for example, both are oval.

Preferably, the outer surface of the conductor 3 is covered with an insulating layer 3.

In order to achieve the purpose of superconducting conductors at room temperature, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature. The conductor is a long rectangular conductor. The conductor is characterized in that: the conductor is formed by closely laminating multiple layers of materials, the conductor is a long rectangle as a whole, the cross section of the conductor is rectangular, and each layer The conductors are not electrically connected to each other. The conductor includes a conductor layer 22 located in the middle of the conductor. One side of the conductor layer 22 is the insulating layer 11, the other side of the conductor layer 22 is the insulating layer 22, and the other side of the insulating layer 11 It is a conductor layer 11 that is connected to the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage and can be positively charged. The other side of the insulating layer 22 is a negative output terminal of the DC power supply that is connected to the same output voltage. The conductor layer 33 with its own negative charge, the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22, the insulating layer 22 and the conductor layer 33 are closely laminated with each other, the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22. The insulating layer 22 and the conductor layer 33 are parallel to each other. The conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are electrically disconnected or not in contact with each other, and the insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 are not connected or in contact with each other. The conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 are made of conductive materials, the conductor layer 22 is made of good conductor materials, the insulating layer 11 is used to prevent positive charges in the conductor layer 11 from entering the conductor layer 22, and the insulating layer 22 is used In order to prevent the negative charges in the conductor layer 33 from entering the conductor layer 22, the insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 are made of insulating materials.

Preferably, the conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are made of a good conductor material that is easy to bend.

Preferably, the conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are made of copper or aluminum materials.

Preferably, the conductive layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductive layer 22, the insulating layer 22, and the conductive layer 33 are closely laminated to each other, and the layers are in a parallel relationship with each other.

In design, the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 are made of high-strength conductive materials. Preferably, the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 are made of steel material.

In actual design, the cross-sections of the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22, the insulating layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are all rectangular.

In actual design, the cross section of the conductor is also rectangular.

Preferably, the outer surface of the conductor is covered with an insulating layer 33.

A real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges for real-time adjustment and control of the amount of positive charges in the conductor 1 (or the conductor layer 11) and the amount of negative charges in the conductor 3 (or the conductor layer 33) in the conductor, It is characterized in that: the real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges includes a current sensor connected to the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) for real-time detection of the current intensity passing through the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22), and the current sensor passes The A/D converter is connected to the computer. The computer is connected to the conductor 1 (or conductor layer 11) via the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage. The computer is connected to the conductor 3 ( Or the conductor layer 33) is connected to the computer based on the real-time detection of the current intensity through the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) to determine the DC voltage value Uout output by the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage. Real-time adjustment to achieve real-time adjustment and control of the amount of positive charges in the conductor 1 (or the conductor layer 11) and the amount of negative charges in the conductor 3 (or the conductor layer 33).

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. When the conductor of the present invention is transmitting DC or AC current, because the conductor 1 (or conductor layer 11) is connected to the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage and the conductor 3 (or conductor layer 33) is connected to the same output voltage The negative output terminal of the adjustable DC power supply makes the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) in the DC electrostatic field. When the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) is in an electrostatic equilibrium state, the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) The internal field strength E is zero everywhere, and two points a and b are randomly selected inside the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22). The potential difference between these two points is

That is, when the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) is in an electrostatic equilibrium state, there is an equipotential body inside it ^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]} (see Reference 1 below) When a certain number of free conductive electrons move directionally along the equipotential body, these free conductive electrons do not consume any energy, so the free conductive electrons in the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) that flow in a directional flow can be in no The DC resistance state is to achieve superconductivity in the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22), and realize the transmission of alternating current or direct current in the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) without any power loss. Since the present invention can adjust and control the amount of positive and negative charges in conductor 1 (or conductor layer 11) and conductor 3 (or conductor layer 33) in real time, conductor 2 (or conductor layer 22) of the present invention can transmit alternating current or When DC current is in the best state without DC resistance.

Reference 1:

[1]Chen Yingcong editor in chief. College Physics[M]. Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 1st edition, June 2016, P234-235.

[2] Sun Yunqing, editor-in-chief by Lei Yu. University Physics (Volume 2) [M]. Science Press, 2nd edition, January 2017, P33.

[3] Liu Yongsheng, edited by Zhu Chen. Physics [M]. Tsinghua University Press, 3rd edition, November 2015, P147-148.

[4] Li Xin, editor in chief. Fundamental physics [M]. China Medical Science and Technology Press, 3rd edition, August 2015, P128-129.

[5] Yin Yong, edited by Wu Tao. University Physics (Volume 1) [M]. Science Press, 3rd edition, November 2017, P192-193.

[6] Editor-in-Chief Huo Yuping. Basic Course of Modern Physics (Volume 1) [M]. Higher Education Press, October 2015 1st edition, P241-242.

2. When the conductor of the present invention is transmitting DC or AC current, because the conductor 1 (or conductor layer 11) is connected to the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage and the conductor 3 (or conductor layer 33) is connected to the same output voltage The negative output end of the adjustable DC power supply makes the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) in the DC electrostatic field. The DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable is only responsible for establishing the DC electrostatic field; because the conductor 1 (or the conductor layer 11) ) And conductor 3 (or conductor layer 33) except for the positive and negative output terminals of the DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable, there is no other electrical connection. Therefore, the DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable is in the conductor 2 ( Or the conductor layer 22) does not consume any electric energy when transmitting direct current or alternating current.

3. The conductor 1 (or the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33) of the present invention is made of high-strength conductive material, which can fix the ends of the conductor 1 (or the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33) on a solid insulating object, In order to improve the tensile strength of the conductor of the present invention.

4. The design that the outer surface of the conductor 3 is covered with an insulating layer 3 and the design that the overall outer surface of the long rectangular conductor is covered with an insulating layer 33 makes the conductors of the present invention lean against each other or other objects. It is possible to have very close or direct contact with each other, which brings great convenience to the laying of the conductor of the present invention in the power transmission line, and at the same time reduces the space occupied by the power transmission line.

5. The real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges of the present invention provided for the conductor of the present invention can adjust and control the amount of positive and negative charges in the conductor 1 (or the conductor layer 11) and the conductor 3 (or the conductor layer 33) in real time. Make the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) of the present invention in the best state of no DC resistance when transmitting AC or DC current, eliminate the self-power loss of the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer 22) of the present invention, and give full play to the conductor 2 (or the conductor layer). 22) The function of transmitting current improves the conductivity of conductor 2 (or conductor layer 22).

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific application of a circular conductor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the circular conductor in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the circular conductor in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the circular conductor in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal partial cross-sectional view of the conductor 2 in the circular conductor in Fig. 1.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the conductor 3 in the circular conductor shown in FIG. 1 being coated with an insulating layer 3.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular conductor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the conductor 3 in FIG. 7 being coated with an insulating layer 3.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the specific application of Figure 7.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a long rectangular conductor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 10.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the long rectangular conductor of FIG. 10 coated with an insulating layer 33.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the long rectangular conductor of Fig. 10 with an outer insulating layer 33.

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the specific application of Figure 10.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a real-time adjustment system for positive and negative charges of the present invention.

detailed description

The first embodiment.

As shown in Figure 1, the circular conductor in the figure is the described circular conductor that can realize normal temperature superconductivity. The circular conductor is elongated as a whole and includes a DC power supply connected to the same output voltage with adjustable Positive output terminal, the conductor 1 that makes itself positively charged, the outer surface of the conductor 1 is covered with an insulating layer 1, and the outer surface of the insulating layer 1 is covered with a layer of conductor 2. The conductor 2 is used to transmit AC current or DC Electric current, the outer surface of the conductor 2 is covered with an insulating layer 2, and the outer surface of the insulating layer 2 is covered with a layer of conductor 3. The conductor 3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage and it is negatively charged. , Conductor 1 is in the innermost layer, conductor 3 is in the outermost layer, conductor 1, insulating layer 1, conductor 2, insulating layer 2 and conductor 3 are concentric (that is, the same axis), conductor 1, insulating layer 1, conductor 2 , The insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are close to each other, wherein: the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 are made of conductive materials, and the conductor 2 is made of good conductor materials to prevent the positive charge in the conductor 1. The insulating layer 1 and the insulating layer 2 that enter the conductor 2 and prevent the negative charges in the conductor 3 from entering the conductor 2 are made of insulating materials.

In the actual design, the cross-sections of conductor 1, conductor 2 and conductor 3 of the circular conductor in Fig. 1 are all circular. Correspondingly, the cross-sections of insulating layer 1 and insulating layer 2 are also circular, as shown in Fig. 2. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the circular conductor shown in FIG. 1.

In Figure 1, the conductor 2 in the circular conductor is used to transmit DC or AC current. One end of the conductor 2 can be connected to other conductors, or terminals, or the output end of a DC power supply, or the output end of an AC power supply. , The other end of the conductor 2 is connected to a load or other electrical equipment. In Figure 1, the entire circular conductor can be seen as a cylindrical capacitor ^{[7][8][9][10][11][12]} (see Reference 2 below), and conductor 1 is connected to the same output The positive output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable voltage, the conductor 3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage, the conductor 1 is positively charged, and the conductor 3 is negatively charged, forming a DC static electricity between the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 Field, conductor 2 is in this DC electrostatic field. Conductor 2 induces negative charges (or electrons) on the side of conductor 1, which is represented by "-", and conductor 2 induces positive charges on the side of conductor 3, which is represented by "+". When the conductor 2 is in an electrostatic equilibrium state, there is an equipotential body inside the conductor 2, as shown in FIG. 3, which is a longitudinal sectional view of the circular conductor in FIG. Since conductor 2 is in an electrostatic equilibrium state, the internal equipotential body of conductor 2 is composed of each atom that loses a certain number of electrons (you can adjust the Uout value in Figure 1 to make each atom lose the number of electrons), assuming that the conductor 2 The sum of the number of electrons lost by each atom in the internal equipotential body is M. As long as the Uout value is constant, M will remain constant, and M will be firmly attracted by the positive charge in conductor 1 in conductor 2. On the surface side (close to the outer surface of the conductor 1), Figure 4 is still a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the circular conductor in Figure 1. The "o" in Figure 4 represents the "vacancy" left by each atom after losing electrons. These "vacancies" in the industry (or the field of microelectronics technology) have a special term called "holes". Each "hole" represents a positive charge. The "+" in Figure 3 represents a positive charge. The "one" in 3 and 4 both means negative charge (or electron). When each free conductive electron outside the conductor 2 moves directionally along one end of the conductor 2 to the other end of the conductor 2, because the free conductive electrons always tend to move towards a path with low or no resistance, while inside the conductor 2, etc. The "hole" in the potential body just provides a path or path for each free conductive electron that moves in a directional direction. Each "hole" formed by the loss of electrons has the "gravitational force" to attract free conductive electrons from outside the conductor 2. "(Because the electrons in the original "holes" have been firmly attracted to the inner surface of the conductor 2 by the positive charge in the conductor 1), so when the concentration of free conductive electrons at one end of the conductor 2 (such as end A) is higher than At the other end of conductor 2 (such as end B), free conducting electrons will "move" from end A of conductor 2 to end B of conductor 2 via the "holes" in the equipotential body inside conductor 2. This "movement" is There is a special term in the semiconductor industry (or microelectronics technology field), which is called directional "diffusion" movement. Each free conducting electron continuously moves from one "hole" to another "hole" in one direction. This kind of directional "diffusion" movement of free conductive electrons is caused by the attraction of electrons in the equipotential body that have lost electrons. Therefore, the directional "diffusion" movement of free conductive electrons does not consume external energy. Figure 5 shows The longitudinal partial cross-sectional view of the conductor 2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows the directional "movement" (or directional "diffusion" movement) of the free conductive electrons in the conductor 2 along the "holes" in the equipotential body, Fig. 5 The electrons in the conductor 2 are represented by "·". Therefore, each free conductive electron that makes a directional "movement" in the conductor 2 moves along the equipotential body in the conductor 2 from the conductor 2-A end to the conductor 2-B end. DC resistance, that is, the conductor 2 can achieve superconductivity. Because the DC electrostatic field can be easily established in a normal temperature environment, the conductor 2 in the DC electrostatic field can achieve normal temperature superconductivity. In Figure 1, the value of the DC voltage Uout between the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 can be adjusted in real time according to the current intensity in the conductor 2, so that the conductor 2 is in the best state of no DC resistance when transmitting DC or AC current.

In actual design, conductor 1, conductor 2 and conductor 3 in Figure 1 can be made of good conductor materials that are easy to bend, so that the round conductor of the present invention is suitable for places that are easy to bend and can adapt to more Irregular wiring environment.

In the actual design, the cross-sectional area of the conductor 2 can be calculated according to factors such as the size of the current passing through the conductor 2 and the nature of the material.

In actual design, the insulating layer 1 and the insulating layer 2 in FIG. 1 are made of insulating materials (such as organic materials or other non-good conductor materials). The thickness of the insulating layer is mainly determined by the maximum DC voltage intensity between conductor 1 and conductor 3, the maximum current intensity passing through conductor 2, and the maximum bending angle of the entire conductor. The type, nature, and compressive strength of the insulating material are factors Must also be considered. Under the conditions that meet the requirements, the thickness of the insulating layer is as thin as possible.

In the actual design, the cross-sectional area of the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 in Figure 1 should be calculated according to the current intensity of the conductor 2, and the types and properties of the materials used for the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 should also be considered.

According to actual requirements, the conductor 1 in FIG. 1 can be a high-strength material to enhance the tensile strength of the circular conductor of the present invention. For example, the conductor 1 is made of steel. In practical applications, the end of the high-strength conductor 1 can be fixed on a solid insulating object, so that the round conductor of the present invention can be used in a large-span space or in an environment with high tensile strength.

In the actual design, an insulating layer 3 can be tightly covered on the outer surface of the conductor 3 in the circular conductor shown in Fig. 1. The insulating layer 3 is made of insulating material (such as organic material or other poor conductor materials) The insulating layer 3 insulates the conductor 3 from the outside, thereby protecting the conductor 3 and other insides, as shown in FIG. 6. The existence of the insulating layer 3 brings great convenience to the laying of the circular conductor in the power transmission line of the present invention. Multiple circular conductors can be close to each other or in contact with each other, which also makes the circular conductor and It is possible for other objects to be close or in direct contact, which also makes it possible to reduce the space occupied by the power transmission line. In Figure 6, the withstand voltage rating of the insulating layer 3 can be implemented according to the corresponding national standards.

Reference 2:

[7] Liu Yongsheng, edited by Zhu Chen. Physics [M]. Tsinghua University Press, 3rd edition, November 2015, P156.

[8] Sun Yunqing, edited by Lei Yu. University Physics (Volume 2) [M]. Science Press, 2nd Edition, January 2017, P53.

[9] Li Xin, editor in chief. Fundamental physics [M]. China Medical Science and Technology Press, 3rd edition, August 2015, P139-140.

[10]Editor-in-Chief Huo Yuping. Basic Course of Modern Physics (Volume 1) [M]. Higher Education Press, 1st edition October 2015, P249-250.

[11] Chen Lanli, editor in chief. University Physics Course (Volume 2) [M]. Machinery Industry Press, 1st edition, February 2015, P45.

[12] Edited by Yin Yong and Wu Tao. University Physics (Volume 1) [M]. Science Press, 3rd edition, November 2017, P209.

The second embodiment.

As shown in Figure 7, it is a rectangular conductor that can achieve normal temperature superconductivity. The rectangular conductor is a long strip as a whole. The cross-sections of conductor 1, insulating layer 1, conductor 2, insulating layer 2 and conductor 3 are all rectangular. , And the broad side and long side of the conductor 1 are parallel to the broad sides and long sides of the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the conductor 3, respectively.

Fig. 8 shows the outer surface of the conductor 3 in Fig. 7 covered with an insulating layer 3. The insulating layer 3 can be made of organic materials or other non-good conductor materials. The function of the insulating layer 3 is to protect the conductor 3 and its interior. It is possible for the plurality of rectangular conductors shown in FIG. 8 to be close to each other or directly contact each other, which brings convenience to the laying of the rectangular conductor power transmission line, and reduces the space occupied by the power transmission line. The withstand voltage rating of the insulating layer 3 in FIG. 8 can also be implemented according to the corresponding national standards.

Fig. 9 is an embodiment of the rectangular conductor shown in Fig. 7 in practical application. The rectangular conductor shown in Figure 9 has conductor 1 connected to the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable, so that the conductor 1 itself has a positive charge, and its conductor 3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable, so that the conductor 3 itself has a negative charge. In this way, a DC electrostatic field is also formed between conductor 1 and conductor 3. Conductor 2 is in this DC electrostatic field. When conductor 2 is in static equilibrium, conductor 2 can also form an equipotential inside. The equipotential body is also composed of each atom that loses a certain number of electrons. That is, there are "holes" inside the conductor 2. The principle of forming the "holes" in the conductor 2 is the same as that in the first embodiment. The principle of conduction is also the same as that of the first embodiment, that is, the conductor 2 in FIG. 7 or FIG. 9 can realize superconductivity.

In the specific implementation, except for the difference in the shape of the conductor in FIG. 1 and FIG. 9, the other embodiments in FIG. 9 are the same as the first embodiment in FIG. 1.

"The cross-sections of the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are all other same shapes", for example, the cross-sections are all oval, etc., regardless of the cross-section What kind of shape, the principle of superconducting the conductor 2 is the same as the above-mentioned "first embodiment" and "second embodiment". In the specific implementation, except for the difference in shape, other embodiments are also the same as the first embodiment. The same applies.

The third embodiment.

As shown in Figure 10, it is a long rectangular conductor of the present invention that can realize superconducting at room temperature. The conductor is made of multiple layers of materials closely laminated. The whole is a long rectangle, and its cross section is also rectangular. The conductor is electrically disconnected from each other. The conductor includes a conductor layer 22 located in the middle of the conductor. One side of the conductor layer 22 is the insulating layer 11, the other side of the conductor layer 22 is the insulating layer 22, and the other side of the insulating layer 11 It is a conductor layer 11 that is connected to the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage and can be positively charged. The other side of the insulating layer 22 is a negative output terminal of the DC power supply that is connected to the same output voltage. The conductor layer 33 with its own negative charge, the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22, the insulating layer 22 and the conductor layer 33 are closely laminated with each other, the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22. The insulating layer 22 and the conductor layer 33 are parallel to each other. The conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are electrically disconnected or not in contact with each other, and the insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 are not connected or in contact with each other. , Wherein: the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 are made of conductive material, the conductor layer 22 is made of a good conductor material, to prevent the positive charge in the conductor layer 11 from entering the conductor layer 22 and prevent the conductor layer 33 from The insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 where the negative charges enter the conductor layer 22 are made of insulating materials.

In an actual design, the conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 in FIG. 10 can be made of good conductor materials that are easy to bend, such as copper or aluminum materials, so that the long rectangular conductor of the present invention is suitable for easy bending. The curved place allows it to adapt to more irregular wiring environments.

In actual design, the insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 in FIG. 10 are made of insulating materials (such as organic materials or other improper conductive materials). The thickness of the insulating layer is mainly determined according to the maximum DC voltage intensity between the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 and the maximum current intensity passing through the conductor layer 22, and factors such as the type, nature, and pressure resistance of the insulating material must also be considered. Under the conditions that meet the requirements, the thickness of the insulating layer is as thin as possible.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the long rectangular conductor shown in Fig. 10.

In the actual design, the cross-sectional area of the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 in FIG. 10 should be calculated according to the current intensity of the conductor layer 22, and the types and materials used for the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 should also be considered. nature.

According to actual requirements, the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 in FIG. 10 can be made of high-strength materials to enhance the tensile strength of the long rectangular conductor of the present invention. For example, the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 are made of steel. In practical applications, the ends of the high-strength conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 can be fixed on a solid insulating object, so that the long rectangular conductor of the present invention can be used in a large-span space or an environment with high tensile strength use.

In the actual design, an insulating layer 33 can be tightly covered on the whole of the long rectangular conductor shown in FIG. 10, and the two ends of the long rectangular conductor shown in FIG. 10 may not be covered with the insulating layer 33. The insulating layer 33 is made of insulating materials (such as organic materials or other poor conductor materials). The insulating layer 33 insulates the long rectangular conductor shown in FIG. 10 from the outside, thereby protecting the long rectangular conductor and its interior. , As shown in Figure 12. The existence of the insulating layer 33 makes it possible for the long rectangular conductor of the present invention to directly contact or be close to other objects, which brings great convenience to the laying of the long rectangular conductor of the present invention in power transmission lines. Multiple long rectangular conductors can also be close to each other or in contact with each other, which also makes it possible to reduce the space occupied by the power transmission line. In FIG. 12, the withstand voltage level of the insulating layer 33 can be implemented according to the corresponding national standards. Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the long rectangular conductor of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation and application of the long rectangular conductor shown in Fig. 10. In practical applications, the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable is connected to the conductor layer 11 in the long rectangular conductor, and the conductor layer 11 is positively charged, and the negative output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage adjustable The conductor layer 33 in the long rectangular conductor, and the conductor layer 33 is negatively charged. The conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 can be regarded as the two plates of the capacitor ^{[13][14][15][16][17 ] [18]} (Please refer to Reference 3 below), a DC electrostatic field can be formed between the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33, and the conductor layer 22 is in this electrostatic field. When the conductor layer 22 is in an electrostatic equilibrium state There are equipotential bodies in the conductor layer 22, and there are "holes" in the equipotential bodies. The conductor layer 22 can also have corresponding directional "diffusion" movement. The principle of making the conductor layer 22 superconducting is the same as the first implementation. The example is the same as the second embodiment. When one end of the conductor layer 22 in the long rectangular conductor is connected to one end for transmitting a direct current power source or an alternating current power source, the other end of the conductor layer 22 can be used to connect an electric device or a load. The output voltage value Uout of the "DC power supply with adjustable output voltage" can be adjusted in real time according to the intensity of the current flowing in the conductor layer 22, as shown in FIG. 14, so that the conductor layer 22 is in a superconducting state or an optimal state of no DC resistance.

Reference 3:

[13] Liu Yongsheng, edited by Zhu Chen. Physics [M]. Tsinghua University Press, 3rd edition, November 2015, P156.

[14] Sun Yunqing, edited by Lei Yu. University Physics (Volume 2) [M]. Science Press, 2nd edition, January 2017, P52.

[15] Li Xin, editor in chief. Fundamental physics [M]. China Medical Science and Technology Press, 3rd edition, August 2015, P138-139.

[16] Huo Yuping, editor-in-chief. Basic Course of Modern Physics (Volume 1) [M]. Higher Education Press, 1st edition October 2015, P249.

[17] Chen Lanli, editor in chief. University Physics Course (Volume 2) [M]. Machinery Industry Press, 1st edition, February 2015, P44.

[18] Yin Yong, edited by Wu Tao. University Physics (Volume 1) [M]. Science Press, 3rd edition, November 2017, P208.

As shown in Figure 15, for the above-mentioned conductor of the present invention, the present invention also proposes a real-time adjustment system for positive electric load for real-time adjustment and control of the conductor 1 and conductor 3 (or figure The amount of positive and negative charges in the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 in 7 or the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 in FIG. 10). As shown in Figure 15, the real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges includes the connection with the conductor 2 of the circular conductor in Figure 1 (or the conductor 2 in Figure 7 or the conductor layer 22 in Figure 10) for real-time detection. The current sensor 51 of the current passing through the circular conductor in the conductor 2 (or the conductor 2 in FIG. 7 or the conductor layer 22 in FIG. 10), the current sensor 51 is connected to the computer via the A/D converter 52 53 is connected, the computer 53 is connected to the conductor 1 and conductor 3 of the circular conductor in FIG. 1 (or conductor 1 and conductor 3 in FIG. 7 or conductor layer 11 and conductor layer 11 and The conductor layer 33) is connected to the computer 53 based on the real-time detection of the current intensity passing through the conductor 2 (conductor 2 in FIG. 7 or the conductor layer 22 in FIG. 10) of the circular conductor in FIG. The output voltage adjustable DC power supply 54 outputs the DC voltage value Uout for real-time adjustment to realize the adjustment of the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 of the circular conductor in Figure 1 (or the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 in Figure 7 or the Figure 10 Real-time adjustment and control of the amount of positive and negative charges in the conductor layer 11 and conductor layer 33).

As shown in FIG. 15, the signal input end of the current sensor 51 is connected to the conductor 2 of the circular conductor in FIG. 1 (or the conductor 2 in FIG. 7 or the conductor layer 22 in FIG. 10), and the signal output of the current sensor 51 The terminal is connected to the input terminal of the A/D converter 52, and the output terminal of the A/D converter 52 is connected to the corresponding I/O terminal of the computer 53. The conductor 1 of the circular conductor in Fig. 1 (or the conductor 2 in Fig. 7 , Or the conductor layer 11 in FIG. 10) is connected to the positive output end of the DC power supply 54 with adjustable output voltage, the conductor 3 of the circular conductor in FIG. 1 (or the conductor 3 in FIG. 7 or the conductor layer in FIG. 33) Connect with the negative output terminal of the DC power supply 54 with adjustable output voltage, and the signal input terminal of the DC power supply 54 with adjustable output voltage is connected with the corresponding I/O terminal of the computer 53. In addition, the positive and negative charge real-time adjustment system of the present invention is also provided with an input and output module 55, a communication module 56, and a display module 57. The corresponding signal terminals of the input and output module 55, the communication module 56, and the display module 57 correspond to those of the computer 53. I/O terminal connection.

In the present invention, the current sensor 51, the A/D converter 52, the DC power supply 54 with adjustable output voltage, the input/output module 55, the communication module 56, and the display module 57 are all well-known technologies in the art, so the specific structure is not Detailed here.

As shown in Fig. 15, the current sensor 51 detects in real time the magnitude of the current passing through the conductor 2 of the circular conductor in Fig. 1 (or the conductor 2 in Fig. 7 or the conductor layer 22 in Fig. 10), and will detect The current intensity value is transmitted to the computer 53 through the A/D converter 52 for analog-to-digital conversion in real time, and then the computer 53 is based on the received current intensity value and the conductor 1 and conductor 3 of the circular conductor in Figure 1 (or the conductor in Figure 7 1 and conductor 3, or the cross-sectional shape and size of the conductor layer 11 and conductor layer 33 in Figure 10), send a control signal to the DC power supply 54 with adjustable output voltage for controlling its output DC voltage value Uout , So that when the output voltage adjustable DC power supply 54 receives the control signal sent by the computer 53, the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 of the circular conductor in Fig. 1 (or the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 in Fig. 7 or Fig. 10 The conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33) output the corresponding magnitude of the DC voltage value Uout to realize the connection between the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 of the circular conductor in Fig. 1 (or the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 in Fig. 7 or the conductor in Fig. 10 The adjustment of the amount of positive and negative charges in layer 11 and conductor layer 33) enables the conductor of the present invention to realize that the conductor 2 of the circular conductor in Figure 1 (or the conductor 2 in Figure 7 or the conductor layer 22 in Figure 10) The best DC resistance-free state, that is, the superconducting state, fully exerts the role of conductor 2 in Fig. 1 (or conductor 2 in Fig. 7 or conductor layer 22 in Fig. 10) to improve its conductivity.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles used by them. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any technical solution based on the present invention Obvious changes such as equivalent transformations and simple replacements fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A conductor capable of realizing normal temperature superconductivity, characterized in that: the conductor includes a conductor 1 connected to the positive output end of a DC power supply with the same output voltage and adjustable to make itself positively charged. The outer surface of the conductor 1 is covered with a The outer surface of the insulating layer 1 is covered with a layer of conductor 2. The conductor 2 is used to transmit AC or DC current, the outer surface of the conductor 2 is covered with an insulating layer 2, and the outer surface of the insulating layer 2 is covered A layer of conductor 3, conductor 3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the same output voltage adjustable DC power supply, so that it has a negative charge, conductor 1 is in the innermost layer, conductor 3 is in the outermost layer, conductor 1, insulating layer 1, conductor 2. The insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are concentric; the conductor 1 and the conductor 3 are made of conductive materials, and the conductor 2 is made of good conductor materials; the insulating layer 1 is used to prevent the positive charge in the conductor 1 from entering the conductor 2, and insulation The layer 2 is used to prevent the negative charges in the conductor 3 from entering the conductor 2, and the insulating layer 1 and the insulating layer 2 are made of insulating materials.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein the conductor 1, the conductor 2, and the conductor 3 are made of a good conductor material that is easy to bend.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein the conductor 1, the conductor 2, and the conductor 3 are made of copper or aluminum material.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the conductor 3 are in close contact with each other.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that in design, the conductor 1 is made of high-strength conductive material; the conductor 1 is made of steel material.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein in actual design, the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the The cross section of the conductor 3 is circular; or, the cross section of the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the conductor 3 are all rectangular, and the conductor 1 The broad side and the long side of the insulating layer 1, the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2, and the broad side and the long side of the conductor 3 are respectively parallel; or, the conductor 1, the insulating layer 1, The cross sections of the conductor 2, the insulating layer 2 and the conductor 3 are all elliptical.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the conductor 3 is covered with an insulating layer 3.
A conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature, characterized in that: the conductor is a long rectangular conductor, the conductor is formed by closely laminating multiple layers of materials, the conductor is a long rectangle as a whole, the cross-section of the conductor is rectangular, and each layer The conductors are not electrically connected to each other. The conductor includes a conductor layer 22 located in the middle of the conductor. One side of the conductor layer 22 is the insulating layer 11, the other side of the conductor layer 22 is the insulating layer 22, and the other side of the insulating layer 11 It is a conductor layer 11 that is connected to the positive output terminal of the DC power supply with the same output voltage and can be positively charged. The other side of the insulating layer 22 is a negative output terminal of the DC power supply that is connected to the same output voltage. The conductor layer 33 with its own negative charge, the conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are electrically disconnected or not in contact with each other, and the insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 are not connected or in contact with each other, the conductor layer 11 The conductor layer 33 is made of conductive materials, the conductor layer 22 is made of good conductor materials, the insulating layer 11 is used to prevent the positive charge in the conductor layer 11 from entering the conductor layer 22, and the insulating layer 22 is used to prevent the conductor layer 33 The negative charges in the battery enter the conductor layer 22, and the insulating layer 11 and the insulating layer 22 are made of insulating materials.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 8, wherein the conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are made of a good conductor material that is easy to bend.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 8, wherein the conductor layer 11, the conductor layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are made of copper or aluminum materials.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 8, characterized in that: the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22, the insulating layer 22 and the conductor layer 33 are closely laminated to each other, And each layer is parallel to each other.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 8, characterized in that: during design, the conductor layer 11 and the conductor layer 33 are made of high-strength conductive materials; the conductor layer 11 and the conductor The layer 33 is made of steel material; the cross sections of the conductor layer 11, the insulating layer 11, the conductor layer 22, the insulating layer 22, and the conductor layer 33 are all rectangular.
The conductor capable of realizing superconducting at room temperature according to claim 8, wherein the cross section of the conductor is also rectangular; the outer surface of the conductor is covered with an insulating layer 33.
A real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges using the conductor of claim 1, wherein the system is used to adjust and control the amount of positive charges in the conductor 1 and the amount of negative charges in the conductor 3 in real time. The amount of charge, the real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges includes a current sensor connected to the conductor 2 for real-time detection of the intensity of the current passing through the conductor 2. The current sensor is connected to a computer via an A/D converter, and the computer outputs The positive output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable voltage is connected to the conductor 1, and the computer is connected with the conductor 3 via the negative output terminal of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage, so that the computer detects the current intensity in the conductor 2 based on real-time detection. Real-time adjustment of the DC voltage value Uout output by the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage is performed to realize real-time adjustment and control of the amount of positive charge in the conductor 1 and the amount of negative charge in the conductor 3.
A real-time adjustment system for the amount of positive and negative charges using the conductor according to claim 8, characterized in that: the system is used to adjust and control the amount of positive charges in the conductor layer 11 and the amount of positive charges in the conductor layer 33 in the conductor in real time. The positive and negative charge real-time adjustment system includes a current sensor connected to the conductor layer 22 for real-time detection of the current intensity passing through the conductor layer 22, the current sensor is connected to a computer via an A/D converter, The computer is connected to the conductor layer 11 via the positive output end of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage, and the computer is connected to the conductor layer 33 via the negative output end of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage, so that the computer is based on the conductor layer 22 detected in real time. Real-time adjustment of the DC voltage value Uout output by the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply with adjustable output voltage is carried out by the intensity of the current passed in to realize the amount of positive charge in the conductor layer 11 and the negative charge in the conductor layer 33 Real-time adjustment and control of the amount.