WO2020155557A1 - 一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其应用 - Google Patents

一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155557A1
WO2020155557A1 PCT/CN2019/094772 CN2019094772W WO2020155557A1 WO 2020155557 A1 WO2020155557 A1 WO 2020155557A1 CN 2019094772 W CN2019094772 W CN 2019094772W WO 2020155557 A1 WO2020155557 A1 WO 2020155557A1
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Prior art keywords
hydraulic
transmission unit
mechanical
power
speed
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万丽荣
戴汉政
曾庆良
孙志远
田明倩
刘文婷
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
Taishan University
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
Taishan University
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Priority to AU2019426605A priority Critical patent/AU2019426605B2/en
Priority to CA3107975A priority patent/CA3107975C/en
Publication of WO2020155557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155557A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/00097A priority patent/ZA202100097B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/022—Power-transmitting couplings or clutches

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  • the invention relates to a power-split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system electric loading multifunctional test bench and its application. It is suitable for acquiring the performance parameters of a hydraulic transmission unit and testing the proportion of mechanical and hydraulic power flow of the transmission system. It belongs to engineering Mechanical technology field.
  • Hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission is a type of power split hydraulic-mechanical compound transmission form that transmits power by the combination of hydraulic power flow and mechanical power flow. It can achieve high-efficiency and high-power power transmission through mechanical transmission, and continuously variable transmission through hydraulic transmission. It shows good application prospects on high-power vehicles.
  • the hydraulic-mechanical continuously variable transmission combines the advantages of the good stepless speed regulation performance of the hydrostatic transmission and the higher steady-state efficiency of the mechanical transmission, thereby obtaining a continuously variable transmission performance with higher efficiency and
  • the distribution of the high efficiency zone is advantageous for the variable speed transmission. Therefore, the design and development of high-performance hydraulic-mechanical continuously variable transmission is the key to the research and application of high-power vehicle technology for the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system.
  • the hydraulic-mechanical continuously variable transmission is composed of a mechanical transmission unit, a pump-motor hydraulic continuously variable transmission unit, a planetary gear mechanism that divides or converges power, an automatic transmission electronic control device, and a drive system.
  • adjusting the transmission ratio of the hydraulic continuously variable transmission unit can make the transmission ratio of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system achieve stepless change within a certain range, so that the power is divided, continuously variable and converged.
  • Output realize high-power and high-efficiency stepless variable transmission. Therefore, this power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system combines the high transmission efficiency of a pure mechanical transmission system and the advantages of the stepless speed change of a pure hydraulic transmission system.
  • the overall efficiency of the transmission system is determined by the respective efficiencies of the hydraulic and mechanical sub-power flows of the compound transmission and their distribution ratios.
  • the transmission efficiency characteristics of the mechanical transmission unit are relatively stable, but the transmission efficiency of the hydrostatic transmission unit is compared with that of the mechanical transmission.
  • the hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor, control valve group and connecting pipes that make up the hydrostatic transmission unit have efficiency problems in the entire system unit, and the volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of the pump and motor that affect the overall transmission efficiency of the unit Constantly changing with the change of speed, the transmission efficiency is unstable. Therefore, on the premise of maintaining the continuously variable transmission capability of the hydraulic transmission unit, increasing its efficiency peak and expanding the high-efficiency area under common working conditions is to ensure the transmission efficiency and performance of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system electric loading multifunctional test bench and its application in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the electric loading multifunctional test bench for a power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system of the present invention includes a mechanical part and a control part:
  • the mechanical part includes:
  • the hydraulic transmission unit power input end DC motor, the hydraulic transmission unit power input end electromagnetic clutch, the hydraulic transmission unit input end speed torque sensor, the tested hydraulic transmission unit, the hydraulic transmission unit output end speed torque sensor are connected in sequence at the input end;
  • the speed torque sensor at the output end of the hydraulic transmission unit and the speed torque sensor of the mechanical transmission unit are respectively connected to the input shaft of the confluence mechanism; the output shaft of the confluence mechanism is in turn connected to the output speed torque sensor and the output DC motor;
  • the control part includes:
  • Industrial control computer signal acquisition unit and programmable controller separately connected with industrial control computer;
  • the signal acquisition unit is connected to the tested hydraulic transmission unit through the pressure sensor and the flow sensor; the signal acquisition unit is also connected to the hydraulic transmission unit input end speed torque sensor, hydraulic transmission unit output end speed torque sensor, mechanical transmission unit speed torque sensor, output End speed torque sensor connection;
  • the programmable controller is connected to the D/A module of the PLC at the input, the D/A module of the PLC at the output, the electromagnetic clutch at the power input of the hydraulic transmission unit, the electromagnetic clutch at the power input of the mechanical transmission unit and the speed control controller; among them,
  • the D/A module of the PLC at the input end is through the power input end of the hydraulic drive unit, the DC motor speed controller, the power input end of the mechanical drive unit, the AC variable frequency motor frequency converter, and the power input end of the hydraulic drive unit.
  • the AC variable frequency motor is connected; the D/A module of the PLC at the output terminal is connected with the output DC motor through the output terminal DC motor speed controller; the speed controller is respectively connected with the confluence mechanism and the tested hydraulic drive unit.
  • the DC motor at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit, the AC variable frequency motor at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit, and the DC motor at the output end are all connected to a power supply.
  • the industrial control computer is also respectively connected with an alarm, a display, and a working status indicator light of the test bench.
  • the DC motor at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit is connected to one end of the electromagnetic clutch at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit through a coupling, and the rotational speed torque sensor at the output end of the hydraulic transmission unit is drivingly connected with the coupling shaft of the hydraulic transmission unit of the confluence mechanism.
  • the AC variable frequency motor at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit is connected to one end of the electromagnetic clutch at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit through a coupling, and the other end of the electromagnetic clutch at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit is connected to the mechanical transmission unit of the confluence mechanism through the coupling
  • the coupling shaft is connected for transmission.
  • the confluence mechanism includes a planetary gear train consisting of a planetary gear ring gear, a planetary gear train and a planetary gear carrier, and a fixed gear transmission formed by gear A and gear B, and a clutch L1, a clutch L2, and a clutch L3 and clutch L4, as well as the executive components of the speed controller; the connecting shaft of the confluence mechanism extending hydraulic transmission unit, the coupling shaft of the mechanical transmission unit and the confluence mechanism output shaft.
  • the advantage of this design is that the engagement of different clutches of the confluence mechanism can realize different working modes of hydraulic power flow and mechanical power flow, so as to realize the performance test of the hydraulic transmission unit of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system covering all working conditions.
  • the working status indicator lights of the test bench include red, green, and yellow lights.
  • the function of this design is that the indication content of the different color lights is: set a green indicator during normal work, set a yellow indicator during a normal shutdown, set a red indicator during an abnormal stop, and have an audible alarm.
  • the application of the electric loading multifunctional test bench of a power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the working modes of the four clutches in the confluence mechanism are controlled by the speed controller:
  • the coupling shaft of the mechanical transmission unit is connected with the ring gear of the planetary gear system, and the coupling shaft of the hydraulic transmission unit is always connected with the sun gear of the planetary gear system through a fixed gear transmission formed by gear A and gear B.
  • the confluence mechanism outputs The shaft is connected with the planet carrier of the planetary gear system.
  • the speed of the output shaft of the confluence mechanism increases with the increase of the speed of the connecting shaft of the hydraulic transmission unit, which constitutes the output speed as the output speed of the DC motor at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit increases. Increased forward confluence transmission;
  • the DC motor and the AC variable frequency motor realize different working modes:
  • Constant torque mode The motor in this mode is under the control of the control system and control program, according to the feedback of the actual measured value of the torque and the set value is compared and adjusted, and the inverter and the controller are used according to the set value.
  • the control mode is automatically adjusted to change the output torque of the motor to maintain it at the set value;
  • Constant speed mode The motor in this mode is under the control of the control system and control program, according to the feedback of the actual measured value of the speed and the given value is compared and adjusted, and the inverter and the controller are used according to the given control mode Automatic adjustment to change the output speed of the motor to maintain it at the set value;
  • Constant power mode the motor keeps the output power of the motor at a given value under the adjustment and control of the control system and control program;
  • the power characteristics of the engine are simulated to provide the power source for the test bench, so that the test conditions of the tested hydraulic transmission unit are closest to the actual use conditions, and the test capability of the transmission system is improved. , Expand the test scope requirements.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • a power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system electric loading multifunctional test bench of the present invention can realize the performance test of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system hydraulic transmission unit, and test the hydraulic-mechanical composite by simulating the actual driving conditions and operating conditions of the application vehicle
  • the transmission performance of the hydraulic transmission unit of the transmission system and can realize the performance test of the performance test of one-stage and multi-stage hydraulic-mechanical compound transmission hydraulic transmission unit, the test of the proportion of the mechanical and hydraulic power flow of the compound transmission system, and the automatic optimization of the mechanical and hydraulic power flow
  • the distribution ratio according to the universal characteristic curve of the matched engine, finally realizes the optimal combination distribution scheme of mechanical and hydraulic power flow, and provides power performance optimization for vehicles that use the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system in the future.
  • the test bench of the present invention can also provide a test platform for the performance test scheme of the hydrostatic transmission system and the performance test of the transmission machine.
  • the test bench of the present invention adopts closed-loop control of rotation speed, and the stability of the test test rotation speed is good.
  • the structure design of the test bench is reasonable, simple and reliable, safe and reliable in operation, and cost-saving.
  • the configuration of the DC motor can realize the function of reverse power generation and realize the purpose of energy saving.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric loading multifunctional test bench for the power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the confluence mechanism of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the control principle diagram of the electric loading multifunctional test bench of the power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system of the present invention.
  • 1-input D/A module of PLC 2-programmable controller (PLC); 3-test bench working status indicator; 4-display; 5-alarm; 6-industrial control computer; 7 -Signal acquisition unit; 8-flow sensor; 9-pressure sensor; 10-output PLC D/A module; 11-speed controller; 12-output DC motor speed controller; 13-output DC motor 14-Output speed and torque sensor; 15-Confluence mechanism; 16-Hydraulic transmission unit output speed and torque sensor; 17-Tested hydraulic transmission unit; 18-Mechanical transmission unit speed and torque sensor; 19-Hydraulic transmission unit input Speed and torque sensor; 20-Electromagnetic clutch at the power input of mechanical transmission unit; 21-Electromagnetic clutch at the power input of hydraulic transmission unit; 22-AC variable frequency motor at the power input of mechanical transmission unit; 23-Power supply; 24-Power input of hydraulic transmission unit DC motor at the end; 25-DC motor speed controller at the power input end of the hydraulic drive unit; 26-AC variable frequency motor frequency converter at the power input end of the
  • 151-Hydraulic transmission unit coupling shaft 152-Gear A; 153-Clutch L1; 154-Clutch L2; 155-Planetary gear ring gear; 156-Planetary gear train planetary gear; 157-Clutch L3; 158-Clutch L4; 159 -Planetary gear system planet carrier; 160-Confluence mechanism output shaft; 161-Planetary gear system sun gear; 162-Gear B; 163-Sun gear shaft; 164-Mechanical transmission unit coupling shaft.
  • this embodiment provides a power split hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system electrically loaded multifunctional test bench, which mainly includes two aspects: a mechanical part and a control part:
  • the mechanical part includes:
  • the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit connected to the input end is an AC variable frequency motor 22, an electromagnetic clutch 20 of the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit, and a rotational speed and torque sensor 18 of the mechanical transmission unit;
  • the rotational speed and torque sensor 16 at the output of the hydraulic transmission unit and the rotational speed and torque sensor 18 of the mechanical transmission unit are respectively connected to the input shaft of the confluence mechanism 15; the output shaft of the confluence mechanism 15 is connected to the output rotational speed torque sensor 14 and the output DC motor 13 in turn;
  • the control part includes:
  • Industrial control computer 6 signal acquisition unit 7, programmable logic controller (PLC) 2 respectively connected to industrial control computer 6;
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • the signal acquisition unit 7 is connected to the tested hydraulic transmission unit 17 through the pressure sensor 9 and the flow sensor 8; the signal acquisition unit 7 is also connected to the hydraulic transmission unit input end speed torque sensor 19, hydraulic transmission unit output end speed torque sensor 16, and mechanical The transmission unit speed torque sensor 18 and the output end speed torque sensor 14 are connected;
  • the programmable controller 2 is respectively connected to the D/A module 1 of the PLC at the input end, the D/A module 10 of the PLC at the output end, the electromagnetic clutch 21 at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit, the electromagnetic clutch 20 at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit and the speed regulation Controller 11; among them, the D/A module 1 of the PLC at the input end is respectively passed through the power input end of the hydraulic drive unit, the DC motor speed controller 25, the power input end of the mechanical drive unit, the AC variable frequency motor frequency converter 26, and the power input end of the hydraulic drive unit
  • the DC motor 24 is connected to the AC variable frequency motor 22 at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit; the D/A module 10 of the PLC at the output end is connected to the output end DC motor 13 through the output end DC motor speed controller 12; the speed control controller 11 is respectively connected with The confluence mechanism 15 and the tested hydraulic transmission unit 17 are connected.
  • the DC motor 24 at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit, the AC variable frequency motor 22 at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit, and the DC motor 13 at the output end are all connected to a power supply 23.
  • the DC motor 24 at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit is connected to one end of the electromagnetic clutch 21 at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit through a coupling, and one end of the speed torque sensor 19 at the input end of the hydraulic transmission unit is connected to the electromagnetic clutch 21 at the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit.
  • the other end of the unit input speed torque sensor 19 is connected with the input shaft of the tested hydraulic transmission unit 17, the output shaft of the tested hydraulic transmission unit 17 is connected with one end of the hydraulic transmission unit output speed torque sensor 16, and the hydraulic transmission unit output speed torque sensor 16
  • the other end is connected to the shaft of the hydraulic transmission unit of the confluence mechanism 15, the pressure sensor 9 and the flow sensor 8 are connected to the tested hydraulic transmission unit 17;
  • the power input end of the hydraulic transmission unit of the electrical control connection part is the output end of the DC motor speed control controller 25 It is connected to the electrical control of the DC motor 24 at the power input of the hydraulic transmission unit.
  • the input 25 of the DC motor speed controller at the power input of the hydraulic transmission unit is connected to the output of the D/A module 1 of the PLC. The input is connected to the PLC.
  • D/A module 1 The input of D/A module 1 is connected to the programmable logic controller (PLC) 2 for electrical control, the electromagnetic clutch 21 at the power input of the hydraulic transmission unit is connected to the programmable logic controller (PLC) 2, and the input speed and torque sensor of the hydraulic transmission unit 19.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • Pressure sensor 9, flow sensor 8 and hydraulic transmission unit output end speed torque sensor 16 are connected with signal acquisition unit 7, and speed control controller 11 is connected with tested hydraulic transmission unit 17;
  • the AC variable frequency motor 22 at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit is connected to one end of the electromagnetic clutch 20 at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit through a coupling, and the other end of the electromagnetic clutch 20 at the power input end of the mechanical transmission unit is connected to the mechanical transmission of the confluence mechanism 15 through a coupling
  • the unit is connected to the shaft; the electrical control connection is connected to the electrical control of the AC variable frequency motor frequency converter 26 at the power input end of the mechanical drive unit and the electrical control connection of the AC variable frequency motor 22 at the input end.
  • the input end of the AC variable frequency motor frequency converter 26 and the electromagnetic clutch 20 at the power input end of the mechanical drive unit It is connected to the output terminal of the D/A module 1 of the PLC at the input terminal for electrical control, and the mechanical transmission unit speed and torque sensor 18 is connected to the signal acquisition unit 7.
  • the confluence mechanism 15 extends hydraulic transmission unit coupling shaft 151, mechanical transmission unit coupling shaft 164 and confluence mechanism output shaft 160 three shafts, internally formed by gear A152 and gear B162 to form a fixed gear transmission, planetary gear system sun gear 161.
  • Planetary gear ring gear 155, planetary gear train planet wheels 156, and planetary gear train carrier 159 form a planetary gear train.
  • the actuators of the speed control controller clutch L1 153, clutch L2 154, clutch L3 157 and clutch L4 158 .
  • the joining of different clutches of the confluence mechanism can realize different confluence modes of hydraulic power flow and mechanical power flow, thereby realizing the performance test of the hydraulic transmission unit of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system covering all working conditions.
  • the industrial control computer 6 is also connected with an alarm 5, a display 4, and a working status indicator 3 of the test bench respectively.
  • the working status indicator light 3 of the test bench includes three color lights of red, green and yellow. The indications of the different color lights are: set the green indicator during normal operation, set the yellow indicator during normal shutdown, and set the red indicator during abnormal shutdown, and there will be an audible alarm.
  • the working modes of the four clutches in the confluence mechanism 15 are controlled by the speed control controller 11:
  • the hydraulic transmission part of the power input uses the DC motor 24 at the power input of the hydraulic transmission unit as the power source
  • the mechanical transmission part uses the AC variable frequency motor 22 at the power input of the mechanical transmission unit as the power source, which can realize the speed ratio between the hydraulic transmission and the mechanical transmission.
  • Arbitrary adjustment, through the adjustment of the speed ratio, the automatic adjustment and comparison of the speed ratio is realized, and the test determines the performance test and the best ratio distribution range of the hydraulic transmission unit that meets the entire composite transmission system.
  • the control program through the two-level control mode of industrial control computer 6 and programmable controller (PLC) 2, can simulate the power characteristics of the engine to provide the power source for the test bench, and try to make the test conditions of the tested hydraulic transmission unit and the actual use work The condition is the closest, and the requirements for improving the test capability of the transmission system and expanding the test range; according to the transmission characteristics of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system, the hydraulic transmission unit will have the phenomenon of power flow recirculation, so the hydraulic transmission part uses a DC motor as the power source. After the power flow returns, the DC motor can realize the power generation function, and the generated electric energy is fed back to the power supply, which has the characteristics of energy saving; it avoids the exhaust emission of the engine in the case of indoor test bench testing, and has the characteristics of environmental protection.
  • PLC programmable controller
  • the power output end load simulation device uses the output end to load the DC motor 13 to simulate the load resistance of the vehicle working road condition.
  • the DC motor loading system is composed of two This kind of operating state, both the power generation state and the electric state, feeds the generated electric energy back to the power supply, which also has the characteristics of energy saving.
  • the control system adopts a two-level control method of industrial control computer and programmable logic controller (PLC) to simulate the power change of the power demand field in the vehicle power transmission system, thereby improving the test capability of the transmission system and expanding the requirements of the scope of application.
  • DC motors and AC motors can achieve different working modes:
  • Constant torque mode Under the control of the control system and the control program, the motor in this mode is compared and adjusted according to the feedback of the actual measured value of the torque and the given value. The inverter and the controller are automatically adjusted according to the given control mode to change the motor's Output torque to maintain the set value.
  • the electric motor maintains the output power of the electric motor at a given value under the adjustment control of the control system and the control program.
  • the motors of the hydraulic transmission unit and the mechanical transmission unit at the input end are set to constant speed mode, and the output end loads the motor to simulate actual working conditions and set three working modes of constant torque, constant speed and constant power;
  • the confluence mechanism sets the hydraulic transmission unit forward according to the experimental requirements
  • the confluence transmission power mode realizes the performance test when the hydraulic transmission unit is transmitting power to the confluence;
  • the reverse confluence transmission power mode of the confluence mechanism hydraulic transmission unit realizes the performance test when the hydraulic transmission unit is reverse confluence transmission power; when the confluence mechanism is set from When the above two working modes switch mutually, the performance test of the hydraulic transmission unit of the multi-segment hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system can be tested.
  • the confluence mechanism is set with a single transmission power mode of the hydraulic transmission unit, the performance test of the pure hydraulic transmission system can be realized.
  • the working status indicator of the test bench is set to three colors of red, green and yellow.
  • the instruction content is: set a green light indicator when working normally, a yellow light indicator when a normal shutdown, a red light indicator when an abnormal stop, and an audible alarm.
  • the equipment alarm uses the indicator light and the text and sound instructions displayed by the equipment computer until the alarm release button is pressed.
  • Dynamic loading can be achieved through the control program, which simulates the actual working conditions and specified cyclic working conditions of the hydraulic-mechanical compound transmission system; the control system and control program can set the speed and torque of the input motor and the output motor according to different test schemes Different setting values, using closed-loop control, can fully meet the performance test of the hydraulic transmission unit of the hydraulic-mechanical composite power transmission system and the ratio test of the mechanical transmission power flow and the hydraulic transmission power flow of the entire transmission system; according to actual requirements during the test, The operator debugs the control program and presses the start button, which can realize the control and performance test of the whole process; each measurement value and analysis result in the test can be displayed, processed, stored and printed in real time through the industrial control computer and monitor . Compared with the traditional test bench, this test bench can easily and reliably perform the performance test of the hydraulic transmission unit of the hydraulic-mechanical composite transmission system, saving a lot of test time and cost.

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Abstract

一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其方法，该试验台包括机械部分和控制部分。该试验台可实现液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元性能测试，通过模拟应用车辆的实际行驶工况及作业条件，测试液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元传动性能，并且可以实现一段和多段的液压传动单元性能测试，复合传动系统的机械和液压功率流的所占比例测试及机械和液压功率流自动优化分配比例，根据匹配的发动机的万有特性曲线，最终实现机械和液压功率流的最优组合分配方案，并为日后投产应用液压机械复合传动系统的车辆提供动力性能优化。

Description

一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其应用，适用于液压传动单元的性能参数的获取及传动系统的机械和液压功率流的所占比例测试，属于工程机械技术领域。
背景技术
工程机械、拖拉机等作业车辆具有传动功率大、作业工况条件复杂，速度调节范围大的特点，随着社会的发展和技术的不断进步，对其传动系统的传动效率、换挡的舒适性以及操作自动化水平要求越来越高。液压机械无级变速传动是一类由液压功率流与机械功率流组合传递动力的功率分流液压机械复合传动形式，能够通过机械传动实现高效率的大功率动力传动，通过液压传动实现无级变速，在大功率车辆上表现出良好的应用前景。液压机械无级变速器是将静液压传动良好的无级调速性能和机械传动较高的稳态效率这两者的优点结合起来，从而得到一个既有无级变速性能，又有较高效率和高效区的分布有利的变速传动装置。因此设计开发高性能液压机械无级变速器是液压机械复合传动系统成为大功率车辆技术研究和应用的关键所在。
液压机械无级变速器由机械传动单元、泵一马达液压无级变速传动单元、将动力进行分流或汇流的行星齿轮机构、自动变速电子控制装置与驱动系统等部分构成。当机械变速机构传动比确定时，调节液压无级变速单元的传动比，能够使液压机械复合传动系统的传动比在一定范围内实现无级变化，从而使动力经分流、无级变速和汇流后输出，实现大功率高效无级变速传动。因此这种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统兼具了纯机械传动系统的高传动效率和纯液压传动系统的无级变速的优点。然而传动系统的综合效率由复合传动的液压和机械分功率流各自的效率及它们的分配比例所决定，机械传动单元的传动效率特性比较稳定，但静液压传动单元的传动效率相对于机械传动比较低，组成静液压传动单元的液压泵、液压马达、控制阀组及连接管路等部件在整个系统单元中都存在效率的问题，而且影响单元整体传动效率的泵和马达的容积效率和机械效率随速度的变化而不断变化，传动效率不稳定。因此保持液压传动单元的无级变速能力的前提下，提高其效率峰值并扩大常用工况下的高效区，目的是为了保证液压机械复合传动系统传动效率和使用性能。
目前设计开发液压机械无级变速器并进行性能测试都是在产品试制完成后在专门的试验台架或装置进行测试试验，并且通过一些列的测试试验，试制产品的液压传动 单元和机械传动单元往往不是最佳的设计匹配方案，甚至可能出现重新试制产品，导致了产品设计开发的成本比较高和周期比较长，耗费了大量的人力物力。虽然目前的计算机仿真及虚拟样机技术发展大大缩短了产品的设计周期和成本，但由于仿真条件和真实工况条件的不符合性，也会导致产品开发的不确定性。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其应用。
技术方案：本发明的一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，包括机械部分和控制部分：
机械部分包括：
输入端依次连接的液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机、液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器、液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器、被测试的液压传动单元、液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器；
输入端依次连接的机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器；
液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器分别与汇流机构的输入轴传动连接；汇流机构的输出轴依次传动连接输出端转速扭矩传感器、输出端直流电动机；
控制部分包括：
工业控制计算机，与工业控制计算机分别连接的信号采集单元、可编程序控制器；
信号采集单元通过压力传感器、流量传感器与被测试的液压传动单元连接；信号采集单元还分别与液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器、液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器、输出端转速扭矩传感器连接；
可编程序控制器分别连接输入端PLC的D/A模块、输出端PLC的D/A模块、液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器及调速控制器；其中，输入端PLC的D/A模块分别通过液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机调速控制器、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机变频器与液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机连接；输出端PLC的D/A模块通过输出端直流电动机调速控制器与输出端直流电动机连接；调速控制器分别与汇流机构、被测试的液压传动单元连接。
优选的，液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变 频电动机、输出端直流电动机均连接供电电源。
优选的，工业控制计算机还分别连接有报警器、显示器、试验台工作状态指示灯。
优选的，液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机通过联轴器与液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器一端连接，液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器与汇流机构的液压传动单元联接轴传动连接。
优选的，机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机通过联轴器与机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器一端连接，机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器的另一端通过联轴器与汇流机构的机械传动单元联接轴传动连接。
优选的，汇流机构包括由行星轮系齿圈、行星轮系行星轮和行星轮系行星架组成的行星轮系，以及齿轮A和齿轮B形成的固定齿轮传动，以及离合器L1、离合器L2、离合器L3和离合器L4，以及调速控制器的执行元件；汇流机构外伸液压传动单元联接轴、机械传动单元联接轴和汇流机构输出轴。此设计的好处是，汇流机构不同离合器的接合可实现液压功率流和机械功率流不同的工作方式，从而实现液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元的覆盖全工况性能测试。
优选的，试验台工作状态指示灯包括红、绿、黄三种色灯。此设计的作用是，不同颜色色灯的指示内容为：正常工作时设置绿灯指示、正常停机时设置黄灯指示、异常停止时设置红灯指示同时有声音报警。
本发明的一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台的应用，包括以下步骤：
通过调速控制器控制汇流机构中四个离合器接合状态的工作模式：
(1)液压传动单元正向汇流传递功率模式
当离合器L2和离合器L4接合时，机械传动单元联接轴与行星轮系齿圈连接，液压传动单元联接轴通过由齿轮A和齿轮B形成固定齿轮传动始终与行星轮系太阳轮连接，汇流机构输出轴与行星轮系行星架连接，此时汇流机构输出轴的转速随液压传动单元联接轴转速的增大而增大，构成了输出转速随液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机输出转速的增大而增大的正向汇流传动；
(2)液压传动单元反向汇流传递功率模式
当离合器L1和离合器L3接合时，机械传动单元联接轴与行星轮系行星架连接，液压传动单元联接轴通过由齿轮A和齿轮B形成固定齿轮传动始终与行星轮系太阳轮连接，汇流机构输出轴与行星轮系齿圈连接，此时汇流机构输出轴的转速随液压传动单元联接轴转速的增大而减小，构成了输出转速随液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动 机输出转速的增大而减小的反向汇流传动；
(3)液压传动单元单一传递功率模式
当离合器L1和当离合器L2接合时，行星轮系的传动比为1，机械传动单元联接轴不进行功率传递，液压传动单元联接轴的功率输入，汇流机构输出轴功率输出；
以及，在工业控制计算机与可编程序控制器两级控制下，直流电动机和交流变频电动机实现不同的工作模式：
(1)恒转矩模式：该模式下的电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，根据转矩的实测值的反馈与给定值进行比较调节，通过变频器和控制器按给定的控制方式自动调整，改变电动机的输出转矩，使之维持在设定值；
(2)恒转速模式：该模式下的电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，根据转速的实测值的反馈与给定值进行比较调节，通过变频器和控制器按给定的控制方式自动调整，改变电动机的输出转速，使之维持在设定值；
(3)恒功率模式：电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，使电动机的输出功率维持在给定值；
通过工业控制计算机与可编程控制器两级控制方式，模拟发动机的动力特性为试验台提供动力源，使被测试液压传动单元的试验工况与实际使用工况最接近，提高传动系统测试试验能力、扩大测试范围要求。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
1)本发明一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台可实现液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元性能测试，通过模拟应用车辆的实际行驶工况及作业条件，测试液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元传动性能，并且可以实现一段和多段的液压机械复合传动液压传动单元性能测试的性能测试，复合传动系统的机械和液压功率流的所占比例测试及机械和液压功率流自动优化分配比例，根据匹配的发动机的万有特性曲线，最终实现机械和液压功率流的最优组合分配方案，并为日后投产应用液压机械复合传动系统的车辆提供动力性能优化。
2)本发明试验台还可为静液压传动系统的性能测试试验方案和变速器整机的性能测试提供试验平台。
3)本发明试验台采用转速闭环控制，测试试验转速的稳定性良好，试验台结构设计合理、简单可靠、运行安全可靠、节约成本，配置直流电动机可实现逆向发电的功能，实现节能的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台结构示意图。
图2为本发明汇流机构传动结构示意图。
图3为本发明功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台控制原理图。
图中：1-输入端PLC的D/A模块；2-可编程序控制器(PLC)；3-试验台工作状态指示灯；4-显示器；5-报警器；6-工业控制计算机；7-信号采集单元；8-流量传感器；9-压力传感器；10-输出端PLC的D/A模块；11-调速控制器；12-输出端直流电动机调速控制器；13-输出端直流电动机；14-输出端转速扭矩传感器；15-汇流机构；16-液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器；17-被测试的液压传动单元；18-机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器；19-液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器；20-机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器；21-液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器；22-机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机；23-供电电源；24-液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机；25-液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机调速控制器；26-机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机变频器；
151-液压传动单元联接轴；152-齿轮A；153-离合器L1；154-离合器L2；155-行星轮系齿圈；156-行星轮系行星轮；157-离合器L3；158-离合器L4；159-行星轮系行星架；160-汇流机构输出轴；161-行星轮系太阳轮；162-齿轮B；163-太阳轮齿轮轴；164-机械传动单元联接轴。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明，但不限于此。
实施例1：
如图1至图2所示，本实施例提供一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，该试验台主要包括机械部分和控制部分两大方面：
机械部分包括：
输入端依次连接的液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机24、液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器21、液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器19、被测试的液压传动单元17、液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器16；
输入端依次连接的机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机22、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器20、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器18；
液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器16、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器18分别 与汇流机构15的输入轴传动连接；汇流机构15的输出轴依次传动连接输出端转速扭矩传感器14、输出端直流电动机13；
控制部分包括：
工业控制计算机6，与工业控制计算机6分别连接的信号采集单元7、可编程序控制器(PLC)2；
信号采集单元7通过压力传感器9、流量传感器8与被测试的液压传动单元17连接；信号采集单元7还分别与液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器19、液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器16、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器18、输出端转速扭矩传感器14连接；
可编程序控制器2分别连接输入端PLC的D/A模块1、输出端PLC的D/A模块10、液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器21、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器20及调速控制器11；其中，输入端PLC的D/A模块1分别通过液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机调速控制器25、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机变频器26与液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机24、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机22连接；输出端PLC的D/A模块10通过输出端直流电动机调速控制器12与输出端直流电动机13连接；调速控制器11分别与汇流机构15、被测试的液压传动单元17连接。
液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机24、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机22、输出端直流电动机13均连接供电电源23。
液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机24通过联轴器与液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器21一端连接、液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器19一端与液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器21连接，液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器19另一端与被测试液压传动单元17输入轴连接，被测试液压传动单元17输出轴与液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器16一端连接，液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器16另一端与汇流机构15的液压传动单元联接轴，压力传感器9和流量传感器8连接于被测试液压传动单元17；电气控制连接部分的液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机调速控制器25的输出端与液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机24电气控制连接，液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机调速控制器的25输入端与输入端PLC的D/A模块1输出端电气控制连接，输入端PLC的D/A模块1输入端与可编程序控制器(PLC)2电气控制连接，液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器21与可编程序控制器(PLC)2连接，液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器19、压力传感器9、流量传感器8和液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器16与信号采集单元7连接，调速控制器11与被测试液压传动单元17 连接；
机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机22通过联轴器与机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器20一端连接，机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器20的另一端通过联轴器连接汇流机构15的机械传动单元联接轴；电气控制连接部分机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机变频器26与输入端交流变频电动机22电气控制连接，交流变频电动机变频器26的输入端、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器20与输入端PLC的D/A模块1输出端电气控制连接，机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器18与信号采集单元7连接。
如图2所示，汇流机构15外伸液压传动单元联接轴151、机械传动单元联接轴164和汇流机构输出轴160三根轴，内部由齿轮A152和齿轮B162形成固定齿轮传动，行星轮系太阳轮161、行星轮系齿圈155、行星轮系行星轮156和行星轮系行星架159组成行星轮系，调速控制器的执行元件：离合器L1 153、离合器L2 154、离合器L3 157和离合器L4 158。汇流机构不同离合器的接合可实现液压功率流和机械功率流不同的汇合方式，从而实现液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元的覆盖全工况性能测试。
工业控制计算机6还分别连接有报警器5、显示器4、试验台工作状态指示灯3。试验台工作状态指示灯3包括红、绿、黄三种色灯。不同颜色色灯的指示内容为：正常工作时设置绿灯指示、正常停机时设置黄灯指示、异常停止时设置红灯指示同时有声音报警。
实施例2：
如图3所示，一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台的工作方法，利用实施例1技术方案提供的试验台，具体操作过程如下：
通过调速控制器11控制汇流机构15中四个离合器接合状态的工作模式：
(1)液压传动单元正向汇流传递功率模式
当离合器L2 153和离合器L4 157接合时，机械传动单元联接轴164与行星轮系齿圈155连接，液压传动单元联接轴151通过由齿轮A152和齿轮B162形成固定齿轮传动始终与行星轮系太阳轮161连接，汇流机构输出轴160与行星轮系行星架159连接，此时汇流机构输出轴160的转速随液压传动单元联接轴151转速的增大而增大，构成了输出转速随液压传动单元液压马达输出转速的增大而增大的正向汇流传动。
(2)液压传动单元反向汇流传递功率模式
当离合器L1 154和离合器L3 158接合时，机械传动单元联接轴164与行星轮系行星架159连接，液压传动单元联接轴151通过由齿轮A152和齿轮B162形成固定齿 轮传动始终与行星轮系太阳轮161连接，汇流机构输出轴160与行星轮系齿圈155连接，此时汇流机构输出轴160的转速随液压传动单元联接轴151转速的增大而减小，构成了输出转速随液压传动单元液压马达输出转速的增大而减小的反向汇流传动。
(3)液压传动单元单一传递功率模式
当离合器L1 154和当离合器L2 153接合时，行星轮系的传动比为1，机械传动单元联接轴164不进行功率传递，液压传动单元联接轴151的功率输入、汇流机构输出轴160功率输出。
动力输入端液压传动部分选用液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机24作为动力源，机械传动部分选用机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机22作为动力源，可以实现液压传动和机械传动的输入端的速比任意调节，通过速比的调节，实现速比的自动校定和比较，测试确定满足整个复合传动系统的液压传动单元性能测试和最佳比例分配范围，同时根据选用匹配发动机的万有特性曲线编制控制程序，通过工业控制计算机6与可编程控制器(PLC)2两级控制方式，可以模拟发动机的动力特性为试验台提供动力源，尽量使被测试液压传动单元的试验工况与实际使用工况最接近，提高传动系统测试试验能力、扩大测试范围的要求；根据液压机械复合传动系统的传动特性，液压传动单元会出现功率流回流循环的现象，所以液压传动部分采用直流电动机作为动力源，在出现功率流回流后直流电动机可实现发电功能，将发电的电能回馈到供电电源中，具有节能的特点；在室内试验台测试的情况下避免了发动机的尾气排放，具有环保的特点。
动力输出端负载模拟装置采用输出端加载直流电动机13，用来模拟车辆工作路况负载阻力，通过工业控制计算机6与可编程控制器(PLC)2两级控制方式，构成的直流电动机加载系统具有两种运行状态，既发电状态和电动状态，将发电的电能回馈到供电电源中，同样具有节能的特点。同时，控制系统采用工业控制计算机与可编程控制器(PLC)两级控制方式，模拟车辆动力传动系统中动力需求场的功率的变化，从而提高传动系统试验能力、扩大适用范围的要求。
在工业控制计算机6与可编程控制器(PLC)2两级控制下，直流电动机和交流电动机可以实现不同的工作模式：
(1)恒转矩模式。该模式下的电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，根据转矩的实测值的反馈与给定值进行比较调节，通过变频器和控制器按给定的控制方式自动调整，改变电动机的输出转矩，使之维持在设定值。
(2)恒转速模式。该模式下的电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，根据 转速的实测值的反馈与给定值进行比较调节，通过变频器和控制器按给定的控制方式自动调整，改变电动机的输出转速，使之维持在设定值。
(3)恒功率模式。电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，使电动机的输出功率维持在给定值。
输入端液压传动单元和机械传动单元的电动机设置恒转速模式，输出端加载电动机模拟实际工况设置恒转矩、恒转速和恒功率三种工作模式；汇流机构根据实验要求设置液压传动单元正向汇流传递功率模式实现测试液压传动单元正向汇流传递功率时的性能测试；汇流机构液压传动单元反向汇流传递功率模式实现测试液压传动单元反向汇流传递功率时的性能测试；当设置汇流机构从以上两种工作模式相互切换时，可以测试多段液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元的性能测试。当汇流机构设置液压传动单元单一传递功率模式时，可实现纯液压传动系统的性能测试。
试验台工作状态指示灯设置为红、绿、黄三种颜色。指示内容为：正常工作时设置绿灯指示、正常停机时设置黄灯指示、异常停止时设置红灯指示同时有声音报警。设备报警采用指示灯的同时、设备计算机显示的文字和声音指示，直到按下报警解除按钮。
通过控制程序可以实现动态加载，模拟液压机械复合传动系统实际工况和规定的循环工况；控制系统和控制程序根据不同的测试试验方案可以对输入端电动机与输出端电动机的转速、转矩设置不同设定值，采用闭环控制方式，可以完全满足液压机械复合动力传动系统液压传动单元的性能测试和整个传动系统的机械传动功率流和液压传动功率流的比例测试；试验过程中根据实际要求，操作人员将控制程序调试好，按下启动按钮即可，可以实现全过程的控制及性能测试；试验中的各个测量数值及分析结果通过工业控制计算机和显示器可以实时地显示、处理、存储和打印。与传统的试验台相比，采用本试验台可以简便可靠的进行液压机械复合传动系统液压传动单元的性能测试，节省大量的试验时间和成本。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，包括机械部分和控制部分，其特征在于：
    机械部分包括：
    输入端依次连接的液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机、液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器、液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器、被测试的液压传动单元、液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器；
    输入端依次连接的机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器；
    液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器分别与汇流机构的输入轴传动连接；汇流机构的输出轴依次传动连接输出端转速扭矩传感器、输出端直流电动机；
    控制部分包括：
    工业控制计算机，与工业控制计算机分别连接的信号采集单元、可编程序控制器；
    信号采集单元通过压力传感器、流量传感器与被测试的液压传动单元连接；信号采集单元还分别与液压传动单元输入端转速扭矩传感器、液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器、机械传动单元转速扭矩传感器、输出端转速扭矩传感器连接；
    可编程序控制器分别连接输入端PLC的D/A模块、输出端PLC的D/A模块、液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器、机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器及调速控制器；其中，输入端PLC的D/A模块分别通过液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机调速控制器、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机变频器与液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机连接；输出端PLC的D/A模块通过输出端直流电动机调速控制器与输出端直流电动机连接；调速控制器分别与汇流机构、被测试的液压传动单元连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，其特征在于，液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机、机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机、输出端直流电动机均连接供电电源。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，其特征在于，工业控制计算机还分别连接有报警器、显示器、试验台工作状态指示灯。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，其特征在于，液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机通过联轴器与液压传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器一端连接，液压传动单元输出端转速扭矩传感器与汇流机构的液压传动单元联接轴传动连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，其特征在于，机械传动单元动力输入端交流变频电动机通过联轴器与机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器一端连接，机械传动单元动力输入端电磁离合器的另一端通过联轴器与汇流机构的机械传动单元联接轴传动连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，其特征在于，汇流机构包括由行星轮系齿圈、行星轮系行星轮和行星轮系行星架组成的行星轮系，以及齿轮A和齿轮B形成的固定齿轮传动，以及离合器L1、离合器L2、离合器L3和离合器L4，以及调速控制器的执行元件；汇流机构外伸液压传动单元联接轴、机械传动单元联接轴和汇流机构输出轴。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台，其特征在于，试验台工作状态指示灯包括红、绿、黄三种色灯。
  8. 一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台的应用，包括以下步骤：
    通过调速控制器控制汇流机构中四个离合器接合状态的工作模式：
    (1)液压传动单元正向汇流传递功率模式
    当离合器L2和离合器L4接合时，机械传动单元联接轴与行星轮系齿圈连接，液压传动单元联接轴通过由齿轮A和齿轮B形成固定齿轮传动始终与行星轮系太阳轮连接，汇流机构输出轴与行星轮系行星架连接，此时汇流机构输出轴的转速随液压传动单元联接轴转速的增大而增大，构成了输出转速随液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机输出转速的增大而增大的正向汇流传动；
    (2)液压传动单元反向汇流传递功率模式
    当离合器L1和离合器L3接合时，机械传动单元联接轴与行星轮系行星架连接，液压传动单元联接轴通过由齿轮A和齿轮B形成固定齿轮传动始终与行星轮系太阳轮连接，汇流机构输出轴与行星轮系齿圈连接，此时汇流机构输出轴的转速随液压传动单元联接轴转速的增大而减小，构成了输出转速随液压传动单元动力输入端直流电动机输出转速的增大而减小的反向汇流传动；
    (3)液压传动单元单一传递功率模式
    当离合器L1和当离合器L2接合时，行星轮系的传动比为1，机械传动单元联接轴不进行功率传递，液压传动单元联接轴的功率输入，汇流机构输出轴功率输出；
    以及，在工业控制计算机与可编程序控制器两级控制下，直流电动机和交流变频电动机实现不同的工作模式：
    (1)恒转矩模式：该模式下的电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，根据转矩的实测值的反馈与给定值进行比较调节，通过变频器和控制器按给定的控制方式自动调整，改变电动机的输出转矩，使之维持在设定值；
    (2)恒转速模式：该模式下的电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，根据转速的实测值的反馈与给定值进行比较调节，通过变频器和控制器按给定的控制方式自动调整，改变电动机的输出转速，使之维持在设定值；
    (3)恒功率模式：电动机在控制系统和控制程序的调节控制下，使电动机的输出功率维持在给定值；
    通过工业控制计算机与可编程控制器两级控制方式，模拟发动机的动力特性为试验台提供动力源，使被测试液压传动单元的试验工况与实际使用工况最接近，提高传动系统测试试验能力、扩大测试范围要求。
PCT/CN2019/094772 2019-01-31 2019-07-05 一种功率分流液压机械复合传动系统电加载多功能测试试验台及其应用 Ceased WO2020155557A1 (zh)

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CN112622599B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-06-28 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种机械-液压传动系统、其模式切换控制方法及工程机械
CN112945593A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-06-11 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 一种非道路机械工况液压模拟测试系统及测试方法
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CN113432870A (zh) * 2021-08-11 2021-09-24 中煤科工集团上海有限公司 一种传动试验台的加载检测系统
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