WO2020151656A1 - 用于淡水和海洋环境的可移动除藻装置 - Google Patents

用于淡水和海洋环境的可移动除藻装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151656A1
WO2020151656A1 PCT/CN2020/073197 CN2020073197W WO2020151656A1 WO 2020151656 A1 WO2020151656 A1 WO 2020151656A1 CN 2020073197 W CN2020073197 W CN 2020073197W WO 2020151656 A1 WO2020151656 A1 WO 2020151656A1
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Prior art keywords
algae
centrifuge
water
movable
pump
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PCT/CN2020/073197
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢俊立
容家富
谢沛锦
黄永德
郑家伟
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Hong Kong Polytechnic University HKPU
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Hong Kong Polytechnic University HKPU
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Priority to CN202090000246.8U priority Critical patent/CN216106045U/zh
Publication of WO2020151656A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151656A1/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a movable water purification device, in particular to a movable algae removing device.
  • the present invention relates to a movable algae removing device capable of removing algae from a water body containing algae blooms while recovering the algae.
  • the invention also relates to a method for purifying water bodies, in particular to a method for removing algae from water bodies containing algae blooms. Further, the present invention also relates to a method for processing and recovering algae and the products produced thereby.
  • harmful algae erupt When harmful algae erupt, they will not only cover the water surface, affect the water landscape, hinder photosynthesis of plants in the water, but also release the algal toxins in the cells into the water, which can include ASP (amnestic shellfish poison), PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning) Toxin), DSP (diarrheal shellfish poisoning), CFP (muscle poison fish toxin or ciguatera poisoning), NSP (nervous shellfish poisoning), AZP (acid shellfish poisoning), microcystin (Microcystin), etc.
  • ASP amnestic shellfish poison
  • PSP paralytic shellfish poisoning
  • DSP diarrheal shellfish poisoning
  • CFP muscle poison fish toxin or ciguatera poisoning
  • NSP nervous shellfish poisoning
  • AZP acid shellfish poisoning
  • microcystin Merocystin
  • the algae removal methods used in the prior art mainly include seven types: (1) conventional filtration algae removal method, but this method requires a lot of manpower and is extremely low in efficiency; (2) clay algae removal method, the prior art has The chemical structure of the algae has been improved to improve its ability to adsorb algae.
  • the device not only can effectively remove algae, but also is movable, so that algae removal operations can be carried out in different waters as needed; in addition, it is also desirable to recycle the algae.
  • the present invention provides a movable water purification device (especially a movable algae removal device), a method for purifying water or removing algae, and a method for recovering and processing algae biomass. Methods and the resulting products.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a movable water purification device, which includes:
  • a movable carrier which is configured to load a centrifuge and/or transport the centrifuge to a designated location;
  • a centrifuge which is detachably connected to the movable carrier and configured to separate water bodies Pollutants (such as algae) in the centrifuge, wherein the centrifuge has spiral blades;
  • at least one (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more) first pump which is in fluid communication with the centrifuge and is configured to suck water containing pollutants (such as algae);
  • an input box which is in fluid communication with the centrifuge and is configured to receive data from the first The material of the pump;
  • a second pump that is in fluid communication with the centrifuge and the input tank and is configured to pump the material in the input tank to the centrifuge;
  • the output tank which Is in fluid communication with the centrifuge and is configured to receive a body of water from the centrifuge (ie, a body of water after removing contaminants such as algae); and (7) a third pump
  • the spiral blade is connected to the rotating drum of the centrifuge through a joint; preferably, the joint is a hinge, wherein the sediment separated by the centrifuge can be easily released by the swing of the hinge.
  • the spiral blade is an upright 96-108 double-layer spiral blade. Compared with the operation of the traditional lateral swing outward type centrifuge, the vertical 96-108 spiral blades of the present invention can quickly agglomerate the material in the centrifuge and pass through the adjacent spiral type of the fast turning path. The leaves and algae separation pellets can quickly settle in the collection box at the bottom of the centrifuge; moreover, the curved leaves will generate a small shear force, so the algae cell wall will not be torn during the process of collecting the algae.
  • the centrifuge is a high-capacity high-throughput (HCHT) centrifuge, such as the Evodos T-25HCHT centrifuge commercially available from Evodos (The Netherlands), and other advanced models of HCHT centrifuges produced by Evodos Or other brands of HCHT centrifuges.
  • HCHT high-capacity high-throughput
  • the centrifuge runs at a rate of approximately 4000 L/hour.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes a metal container, which is detachably connected to the movable carrier and is configured to be loaded on the movable carrier and/or be carried by the movable carrier.
  • the carrier is transported to a designated location, wherein the centrifuge, the second pump, the input box, the output box, and the third pump are arranged in the metal container.
  • the mobile water purification device of the present invention further includes at least one (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more) fourth pumps, wherein the first Four pumps are in fluid communication with the output tank, and are configured to discharge the water body in the output tank to the original water area.
  • the fourth pump is directly connected to the output throat of the third pump, so as to relay the water body in the output tank back to the original water body.
  • the pumps are connected to each other through the throat of the pump. However, in the case where the third pump (ie, the output tank) is not far from the original water body, the fourth pump is not necessary.
  • the mobile water purification device of the present invention further includes at least one (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more) intermediate discharge box, which is connected to the The output tank is in fluid communication and is configured to receive the body of water (pumped by the third pump) from the output tank.
  • the fourth pump is provided in the intermediate discharge tank and is configured to The water body in the middle discharge box is discharged to the original water body.
  • the intermediate discharge tank is arranged outside the metal container and is in fluid communication with the output tank through the throat of the third pump.
  • the number of fourth pumps and/or intermediate discharge tanks of the present invention can be changed according to the distance between the third pump and the original water body and the output power of each pump, and those skilled in the art can determine the appropriate number.
  • the mobile water purification device of the present invention further includes at least one (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more) storage box, the storage box and The input box is in fluid communication, and is configured to receive the material pumped from the first pump and deliver the received material to the input box; optionally, through another The pump pumps the material in the storage tank to the input tank.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes at least one (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more) floating body (e.g., raft, raft, etc.) , Boats, etc.), wherein the floating body is connected to the at least one first pump to help place the first pump at a designated position.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes a first water level gauge connected to the input tank and configured to monitor the water level in the input tank.
  • the movable water purification device further includes a first pH meter and/or a first thermometer, and the first pH meter and/or the first thermometer are connected to the input box and configured to monitor the input The pH and/or temperature in the box.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes a second water level gauge connected to the output tank and configured to monitor the water level in the output tank.
  • the movable water purification device further includes a second pH meter and/or a second thermometer, and the second pH meter and/or the second thermometer are connected to the output box and configured to monitor the output The pH and/or temperature in the box.
  • the water body in the output tank is directly discharged into the original water body through the third pump.
  • the water in the output tank is discharged into the original body of water through a third pump provided in the output tank and one or more fourth pumps in fluid communication with the third pump.
  • the mobile water purification device of the present invention further includes a collection unit connected to the centrifuge and configured to collect the sediment released from the centrifuge, thereby collecting the sediment (for example, algae biomass) can be used for further processing applications.
  • a collection unit connected to the centrifuge and configured to collect the sediment released from the centrifuge, thereby collecting the sediment (for example, algae biomass) can be used for further processing applications.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes an oil hydraulic pump configured to provide compressed air to the centrifuge, thereby operating the centrifuge.
  • the hydraulic pump is arranged in the metal container.
  • the mobile water purification device of the present invention further includes at least one air cooling unit for adjusting the temperature in the metal container.
  • the temperature in the metal container is controlled within a suitable range , Such as room temperature, such as a temperature of 10°C to 45°C.
  • the air cooling unit is an air conditioner.
  • the movable water purification device further includes at least one ventilator, which is arranged in the metal container.
  • the movable carrier of the present invention includes, but is not limited to: motor vehicles, such as trucks (such as tank trucks) or trucks (such as medium trucks, heavy trucks), cranes (such as cranes); ships, such as Cargo ship; aircraft; or any combination thereof.
  • motor vehicles such as trucks (such as tank trucks) or trucks (such as medium trucks, heavy trucks), cranes (such as cranes); ships, such as Cargo ship; aircraft; or any combination thereof.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes a shock-absorbing unit, wherein the shock-absorbing unit is connected to the movable carrier, and preferably the movable carrier is a ship.
  • the pollutants include, but are not limited to, algae living in fresh water or oceans, including but not limited to cyanobacteria, diatoms, green algae, cryptophytes, euglena, golden algae, dinoflagellate, various algae Hua or any combination thereof.
  • the mobile water purification device of the present invention further includes a power supply for supplying power to the centrifuge.
  • the power supply provides a voltage of about 380-480V, a current of 50-60 Hz and a current of 32A.
  • the power source is a lead-acid battery or a solar power source.
  • the power is provided by a movable diesel generator.
  • the power source is loaded on the movable carrier.
  • the power source is loaded on another movable carrier (such as a small van) so that it can be returned to the factory for charging at night when no electricity is needed.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes another movable carrier, which is configured to load the power source.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention further includes at least one fixing unit for fixing the metal container at a designated position, so as to avoid the influence of severe weather such as typhoon.
  • the movable water purification device further includes at least one water inlet and water outlet provided on the metal container.
  • the various components and/or units of the movable water purification device are connected by pipes.
  • the movable water purification device of the present invention is a movable algae removing device, which is used to remove various algae in water bodies (including fresh water and sea water, for example).
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for purifying water, the method comprising using the movable water purifying device according to the first aspect of the present invention to purify the water.
  • the method is used to remove algae from the water body, collect the algae, and release the purified water back to the original water body.
  • the second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for removing algae, the method comprising using the movable water purification device according to the first aspect of the present invention to remove algae in the water body.
  • the second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for harvesting algae biomass, the method comprising using the movable water purification device according to the first aspect of the present invention to recover algae biomass in the water body for further use Processing and utilization.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing biodiesel from algal biomass, which is obtained by the movable water purification device according to the first aspect of the present invention, or using the second aspect of the present invention
  • the method includes extracting the crude algae oil from the collected algae with an organic solvent; and mixing the crude algae oil with methanol and using a heterogeneous catalyst to catalytically process the mixture to obtain glycerol and biomass diesel .
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a product prepared using algal biomass, wherein the algal biomass is obtained by the movable water purification device according to the first aspect of the present invention, or the product prepared by the second aspect of the present invention
  • the method is obtained, and the products include, but are not limited to, glycerin, biomass diesel, fish feed, sunscreen, various biomass polymers and building materials.
  • the collected algae biomass can be processed into various health products.
  • the device and method of the present invention can effectively purify water bodies and remove algae in the water. Moreover, the device of the present invention is movable, so it can be flexibly applied to different waters as required. Furthermore, the device of the present invention will not destroy the cell walls of the algae during the process of removing the algae, so the algae collected by centrifugation has great application value. More importantly, the device and method of the present invention are environmentally friendly, will not harm other organisms in the water, will not change the pH value of the water body, and will not damage the ecological environment of the water body, so it has extremely broad applications prospect.
  • Figure 1A shows the spiral blades of a centrifuge according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1B shows the arrangement of double-layer concrete blades in the centrifuge
  • Figure 1C shows the spiral blades (on the right) are more laterally outward than the traditional ones during operation
  • the swinging centrifuge tube design (left) can gather more sediment
  • Figure 1D shows that the spiral blade is connected to the drum by a hinge, and through the swing of the hinge, the algae sediment can be easily separated from the spiral blade and flow down into the centrifuge In the bottom collection box.
  • Figure 2A shows a bird's eye view of the centrifuge and some other components in the metal container
  • Figure 2B shows a side view of the centrifuge and some other components in the metal container, where the feed pump is the second described in the present invention Pumps, hydraulic pumps are used to pump compressed air into the centrifuge to help the centrifuge run
  • Figure 2C shows the input box and output box set in the container (the third pump is built-in);
  • Figure 2D shows it is located behind the centrifuge The pump (the second pump) is used to pump the algae-containing water to the centrifuge.
  • Fig. 3A shows the assembled container, which is placed at the work site;
  • Fig. 3B shows the container of Fig. 3A in operation.
  • Figures 4A-E show part of the work flow of the device of the present invention in the algae removal process.
  • Figure 4A The water containing algae is pumped to the centrifuge;
  • Figure 4B The inner view of the centrifuge with the outer shell removed;
  • Figure 4C The inner view of the rotating drum with the protective cover removed;
  • Figure 4D The spiral blades in the rotating drum , It can rotate to collect algae;
  • Figure 4E The algae biomass collected at the end of the run is released into the collection box at the bottom.
  • Figure 5A shows a hydraulic pump (ie, the first pump) used to suck algae in a body of water
  • Figure 5B shows a pump (ie, the first pump, shown by a white circle) working in water.
  • Figure 6 shows the pH [blue vertical line (left line corresponding to each date) and red vertical line (right line)] and temperature changes (the upper curve) of the water samples before and after the purification treatment.
  • Figure 7 shows the cell counts in samples obtained from water bodies over a certain period of time.
  • Figure 8 shows the dry weight of algal biomass in a sample obtained from a water body within a certain period of time.
  • Figure 9 shows the cell count (dot curve), the dry weight of algae biomass (cross curve), and the pH before (triangular curve) and after purification treatment (diamond curve) in samples obtained from water bodies within a certain period of time value.
  • Figure 10 shows the chemical oxygen demand of water samples before purification (upper curve) and after purification (lower curve).
  • Figure 11 shows the chlorophyll a values in water samples before purification (upper curve) and after purification (lower curve).
  • Figure 12 shows the carotenoid content in water samples before purification (upper curve) and after purification (lower curve).
  • Figure 13A shows the algae-containing water sample before centrifugation
  • the left tube of Figure 13B shows the sample containing 5 ⁇ 10 5 /ml algae
  • the middle tube shows the purified sample
  • the right tube shows the algal biomass collected after purification
  • Figure 13C shows that about two liters of algal biomass were collected after the centrifuge was running for 4 hours.
  • Figure 14A shows the results of the microscopic examination of the algae-containing water sample before centrifugation
  • Figure 14B shows the results of the microscopic examination of the sample after centrifugation, proving that various algae have been removed.
  • the centrifuge of the present invention adopts spiral blade technology, so that the centrifuge generates less shear force during the centrifugation process without destroying the cell wall of the algae cells, so that the intact algae cells (as biomass ) Remove from water containing algae.
  • the helical curved blade and the double-layer 96-108 spiral curved blade design will greatly shorten the settlement distance of algae cells, which can better and more Precipitating algae.
  • a plurality of spiral blades are installed in the centrifuge of the present invention, which reduces the settling distance to 5-7mm, thereby significantly improving the separation efficiency.
  • the centrifuge of the present invention is an industrial-grade centrifuge, that is, an Evodos T-25 HCHT centrifuge, which can process 4000L of algae-containing water per hour.
  • the spiral blades are connected to the rotating drum by hinges, so that the sediment in the centrifuge can be easily released when the hinges move ( Figure 1D).
  • the centrifuge of the present invention is installed in a metal container (e.g., 20 feet) so that it can be transported to different locations when needed.
  • the metal container also includes one or more of the following components: input box, output box, one or more (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more) pumps, input pipelines, Output pipes, various sensors (such as water level sensors), pH meters, thermometers, power supplies; and other necessary components. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a metal container used for water purification, especially algae removal, such as the container shown in Figures 2A-B.
  • the assembled container of the present invention (including the above-mentioned various necessary components) is certified by the European authorities (with CE mark, in line with EU health, safety and environmental protection standards).
  • the centrifuge of the present invention needs to use a three-phase power supply of 380-480V, a frequency of 50-60Hz and 32A.
  • the power can be provided by solar energy.
  • the power source is a battery, such as a lead-acid battery.
  • electricity is provided on site by truck, van, barge or barge.
  • the first pump When in use, first pump the algae-containing water into the input box or storage box through the first pump, and then pump it to the HCHT centrifuge. At this time, start the centrifuge and the spiral blades will The algae settle at the bottom of the centrifuge without destroying the cell wall of the algae.
  • the effluent (ie, water) produced during the centrifugal process enters the output box through the action of centrifugal force, and is finally discharged directly or indirectly from the output box to the original In waters; at the end of centrifugation, algal biomass can be collected.
  • the first pump is placed in the body of water using a floating body (e.g., a raft).
  • the water level in the input tank and the output tank is monitored by a water level gauge. When the water level is lower than a preset level, the second pump will automatically stop pumping materials to the centrifuge.
  • a thermometer and a pH meter are also provided on the input box and the output box to compare the temperature and pH value of the water sample before and after the centrifugal treatment.
  • the "pollutant" in the present invention refers to biomass that is not expected to appear in water bodies or is not expected to appear in excessive amounts in water bodies, especially algae, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms, and green algae. Algae, cryptophyte, euglena, golden algae, dinoflagellate, various algal blooms or any combination thereof.
  • the "body of water” in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, seawater and fresh water, such as water in any waters such as oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, etc., especially those containing algae (especially algae). Hua) water.
  • the "designated location" in the present invention refers to a water area or body of water where water purification treatment (such as algae removal) is required, such as a water area where large-scale harmful red tides erupt.
  • water purification treatment such as algae removal
  • the “original water body” or “original water area” in the present invention refers to the water body or water area in which the first pump sucks the algae-containing water body, that is, the water body or the water body where the first pump is placed. Waters.
  • Example 2 Operation of a movable algae removal device
  • the submersible pump was connected to the metal container of Example 1 through a pipeline.
  • the device has been in operation since July 2017. Specifically, starting from July 13, 2017, the entire plant will be operated once every 2-3 days until late August 2017. After that, due to the typhoon, the operation was suspended for about 7-10 days. From September 2017 to mid-October 2017, continue to operate the device at least once a week, which helps to understand the performance of the device of the present invention when the algae density is not high ( Figure 4A-E and Figure 5A- B).
  • the water level in the input tank and the output tank is monitored by the water level gauge. When the water level is lower than the preset level, the pump will automatically stop pumping materials.
  • Example 3 Performance analysis of a movable algae removal device
  • Bacteria and viruses of extremely small sizes may remain in the supernatant, so the "count" of the supernatant is counted as a background count.
  • the counts of the water samples before and after the treatment are subtracted from the background counts to obtain the counts of all particles larger than the regular size of bacteria.
  • Chemical oxygen demand is determined by the closed reflux colorimetric method. In short, add 2ml of sample to the COD digestion bottle (Hach, for COD 3-150mg/L digestion solution). Mix the mixture carefully and heat at 150°C for 120 minutes. Afterwards, the sample was slowly cooled to room temperature to avoid the formation of precipitates. The contents of the vial are then mixed and combined with the condensed water. The suspended matter was settled and the absorption at 420 nm was measured. Potassium hydrogen phthalate is used as a standard.
  • Chlorophyll-a and carotenoid measurement In short, 100 ml samples were collected by centrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 10 minutes (Boeco, M-24). Discard the supernatant. Add 1 ml of pre-cooled (4°C) methanol. Then pipette gently to homogenize the sample. After that, cover the sample with aluminum foil and incubate at 4°C for 20 minutes to extract pigment from the cells. Next, the sample was centrifuged (13,000 rpm, 4°C, 10 minutes), and the supernatant was retained. Using methanol as a blank control, the absorbance was measured at 470nm, 665nm and 720nm.
  • HCHT centrifuges collect a large amount of biomass from algae-containing water samples. Chlorophyll-a was not detected in the water samples after centrifugation, and no algae was found in microscopic examination, which means that all the biomass (mainly algae) carrying chlorophyll-a was captured by the HCHT centrifuge ( Figure 11, 13A) -C, 14A-B). Similarly, no carotenoids were detected in the treated water samples ( Figure 12). These results also indicate that the centrifugal force (including shear force) generated by the HCHT centrifuge with spiral blades is mild enough not to damage the algae cell wall during centrifugation and harvesting.
  • the pH value of the water samples before and after the purification treatment is basically the same, but the temperature change is between 25-35°C ( Figure 6).
  • the COD value after purification is always lower than or at most equal to the COD value before purification, which means that the centrifugal process does not add any oxygen-requiring substances to the water sample in the centrifuge ( Figure 10). Therefore, the device of the present invention can completely and effectively remove algae biomass from a water body containing algae.
  • Example 3 To the algal biomass obtained in Example 3, an organic solvent was added to extract the crude algae oil in the algae cells; then the obtained crude algae oil was mixed with methanol, and the mixture was catalyzed by a heterogeneous catalyst, and then the phases were separated, thereby Glycerin and biodiesel are separated.

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Abstract

一种可移动的水体净化装置，其包括高容量高通量(HCHT)离心机、可移动载体、第一泵、输入箱、第二泵、输出箱和第三泵。该可移动水体净化装置尤其可用于清除水体中的藻类，并且HCHT离心机具有螺旋叶片，在操作过程中不会破坏藻类的细胞壁，基本上细胞会完好无缺、藻华内的细胞质不会漏出、离心获得的完整藻类具有极大的应用价值。该装置可有效清除水体中的藻类，因藻华细胞没有受损，细胞质没有溢出，所以不会改变水体的pH值，不会释放大量的叶绿素及胡萝卜素、也不会影响水体的生态环境。

Description

用于淡水和海洋环境的可移动除藻装置
相关申请的引用
本发明要求2019年1月23日提交的、发明名称为“用于从含有藻类的水体中净化水的可移动系统和方法”的美国临时申请第62/796,063号的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可移动水体净化装置，尤其是一种可移动除藻装置。具体而言，本发明涉及一种能够从含藻华水体中除去藻类同时回收藻类的可移动除藻装置。本发明还涉及一种净化水体的方法，尤其是一种从含藻华水体中除藻的方法。进一步地，本发明还涉及加工回收藻类的方法以及由此产生的产品。
背景技术
随着水体富营养化问题的日益严重，水体中的藻类过度繁殖，致使藻类水华频繁爆发。自1985年至今，全球有多于五千宗大型有害藻类爆发(赤潮)(OBIS:http://www.iobis.org；及HAEDAT:http://haedat.iode.org)。有害藻类爆发时，不仅会覆盖水面，影响水体景观，妨碍水中植物的光合作用，还会将细胞内的藻毒素释放到中水，当中可以包括ASP(失忆性贝毒)、PSP(麻痹性贝毒)、DSP(腹泻性贝毒)、CFP(肌肉毒鱼类毒素或雪卡毒)、NSP(神经性贝类中毒)、AZP(旋酸贝毒)、微囊藻毒素(Microcystin)等。此等有害藻类及毒素，毒害水中的生物，破坏水生生态系统，可引致大量水中生物死亡。据WHOI有记录以来至2015年，除两极地、南美洲及非洲以外，全球海岸都曾有因大型有害藻类爆发而引致的大量鱼类死亡事件 (WHOI:https://www.whoi.edu/website/redtide/regions/world-distribution/)。此等事件，说明有害藻类爆发对整个生态环境和人类健康的影响。由此造成的累积经济损失更在千佰亿以上。因此，藻类水华污染及大型爆发是当今中国乃至全世界面临的重大环境污染问题。
虽然当前已有许多研究致力于水体富营养化的防治，但藻华爆发，尤其是绿潮的发生，仍呈增长的趋势。当藻华爆发时，应尽快采取措施将藻类从水中除去。现有技术中采用的除藻方法主要包括七种：(1)常规过滤除藻法，但此方法需要消耗大量人力且效率极低；(2)黏土除藻法，现有技术已经对黏土颗粒的化学结构作了改进以提高其吸附藻类的能力，当藻类与黏土颗粒结合后便会随之沉到水底，由此实现对水体的净化；但是，藻类死亡后，大量藻类分解产物便被释放到水体中，不可避免地会对水体环境产生不利影响；(3)稀释过氧化氢(H 2O 2)除藻法，这同样也会造成藻类的大量死亡进而将其分解产物释放到水体中，而且，过量的H 2O 2可能会随着水流流入下游水域并最终进入到海洋中，从而影响海洋的生态环境；(4)流体动力分离法，因应污染水体中各种物质，因重量不同在水中流速不同而作出分离，但成效不大、亦只曾在实验室中进行测试；(5)气浮除藻法；(6)电凝聚技术；(7)其它化学(例如氯、臭氧、高锰酸钾)除藻法或生物除藻法也被用来除藻。但总括现有的除藻方法均存在效率低下或二次污染等问题，因而不能满足当前的除藻需求。
因此，亟需一种能够有效从水体中除去藻类而又不会引致二次污染的装置。理想地是，该装置不仅能够有效除藻，而且还是可移动的，从而可以根据需要在不同水域进行除藻作业；另外，将藻类回收再利用也是令人期望的。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种可移动的水体净化装置(尤其是一种可移动除藻装置)、其净化水体或除藻的方法、回收和加工藻类生物质的方法以及由此产生的产品。
本发明的第一方面提供一种可移动水体净化装置，其包括：
(1)可移动载体，其被配置成负载离心机和/或将所述离心机运输到指定地点；(2)离心机，其与所述可移动载体可拆卸地连接并被配置成分离水体中的污染物(例如藻类)，其中所述离心机具有螺旋叶片；(3)至少一个(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或更多个)第一泵，其与所述离心机流体连通并被配置成抽吸含有污染物(例如藻类)的水体；(4)输入箱，其与所述离心机流体连通，并被配置成接收来自所述第一泵的物料；(5)第二泵，其与所述离心机和输入箱流体连通并被配置成将所述输入箱中的物料泵送到所述离心机中；(6)输出箱，其与所述离心机流体连通，并被配置成接收来自所述离心机的水体(即，除去污染物例如藻类后的水体)；以及(7)第三泵，其与所述输出箱流体连通并设置在所述输出箱内，且被配置成将所述输出箱中的水体排出。
在一些实施方案中，所述螺旋叶片通过接合件连结到离心机的转筒上；优选地，所述接合件是铰链，其中通过所述铰链的摆动可以容易地释放离心机分离的沉淀物。在一些实施方案中，所述螺旋叶片是直立式96-108片双层螺旋型叶片。相比于传统的横向摇摆向外型离心机的操作，本发明的直立式96-108片螺旋型叶片能够更快地使离心机中的物料团粒化，并且透过快速转道的邻接螺旋型叶片，藻类分离团粒能快速沉降在离心机底部的收集箱中；而且，所述弯曲叶片会产生较小的剪切力，因此在收集藻类的过程中不会撕破藻类的细胞壁。在一些实施方案中，所述离心机是高容量高通量(HCHT)离心机，例如可从Evodos(荷兰)商购的Evodos T-25HCHT离心机、由Evodos生产的其它高级型号的HCHT离心机或其它品牌的HCHT离心机。在一些实施方案中，所述离心机大约以4000L/小时的速率运行。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括金属集装箱，其与所述可移动载体可拆卸地连接并被配置成负载在所述可移动载体上和/或被所述可移动载体运输到指定地点，其中所述离心机、第二泵、输入箱、输出箱以及第三泵设置在所述金属集装箱内。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个(例 如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或更多个)第四泵，其中所述第四泵与所述所述输出箱流体连通，其被配置成将所述输出箱中的水体排出到原先的水域中。在一些实施方案中，所述第四泵与第三泵的输出喉管直接连接，从而接力将输出箱中的水体排回到原先的水体中。在存在多个第四泵的情况下，所述泵之间通过泵的喉管相互连接。然而，在第三泵(即输出箱)离原先水体不远的情况下，所述第四泵不是必需的。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或更多个)中间排出箱，其与所述输出箱流体连通并被配置成接收(由所述第三泵泵送的)来自所述输出箱的水体，在这样的情况下，所述第四泵设置在中间排出箱中并被配置成将中间排出箱中的水体排出到原先的水体中。在一些实施方案中，所述中间排出箱设置在所述金属集装箱外面，并且通过所述第三泵的喉管与所述输出箱流体连通。本发明的第四泵和/或中间排出箱的数目可以根据第三泵与原先水体的距离及各泵的输出功率而变化，本领域技术人员能够确定其合适的数目。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或更多个)存储箱，所述存储箱与所述输入箱流体连通，其被配置成接收从所述第一泵泵送的物料以及将接收的物料输送到所述输入箱中；可选地，通过设置在所述存储箱中的另外的泵将存储箱中的物料泵送到所述输入箱中。在进一步的实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或更多个)浮体(例如筏、木排、艇等)，其中所述浮体与所述至少一个第一泵连接，从而帮助将所述第一泵放置在指定位置。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括第一水位计，所述第一水位计与所述输入箱连接并被配置成监测所述输入箱中的水位。可选地，所述可移动水体净化装置还包括第一pH计和/或第一温度计，所述第一pH计和/或第一温度计与所述输入箱连接并被配置成监测所述输入箱中的pH值和/或温度。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括第二水位计，所述第二水位计与所述输出箱连接并被配置成监测所述输出箱中的水位。 可选地，所述可移动水体净化装置还包括第二pH计和/或第二温度计，所述第二pH计和/或第二温度计与所述输出箱连接并被配置成监测所述输出箱中的pH值和/或温度。
在一些实施方案中，所述输出箱中的水体通过所述第三泵被直接排出到原先的水体中。可选地，通过设置在所述输出箱中的第三泵以及与所述第三泵流体连通的一个或多个第四泵将所述输出箱中的水排放到原先的水体中。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括收集单元，所述收集单元与所述离心机连接并被配置成收集从所述离心机释放的沉淀物，从而收集的沉淀物(例如藻类生物质)可用于进一步的加工应用。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括油压泵，其被配置成向所述离心机提供压缩空气，从而使所述离心机运行。优选地，所述油压泵设置在所述金属集装箱内。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个空气冷却单元，用于调节所述金属集装箱内的温度，优选地，所述金属集装箱内的温度被控制在合适的范围内，例如室温，例如10℃至45℃的温度。优选地，所述空气冷却单元是空调。在一些实施方案中，所述可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个通风机，其设置在所述金属集装箱内。
在一些实施方案中，本发明所述的可移动载体包括但不限于：机动车，例如卡车(例如油罐卡车)或货车(例如中型货车、重型货车)、起重机(例如吊车)；船，例如货船；飞机；或其任意组合。
在进一步的实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括避震单元，其中所述避震单元与所述可移动载体连接，优选所述可移动载体是船。
在一些实施方案中，所述污染物包括但不限于生活在淡水或海洋中的藻类，包括但不限于蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、隐藻、裸藻、金藻、甲藻、各种藻华或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括用于为所述离心机供电的电源，优选地，所述电源提供约380-480V的电压、50-60Hz 及32A的电流。可选地，所述电源是铅酸电池或太阳能电源。在一些实施方案中，通过可移动柴油发电机提供电源。在一些实施方案中，所述电源负载在所述可移动载体上。在一些实施方案中，所述电源负载在另外的可移动载体(例如小型厢式货车)上，从而可以在不需用电的夜间返回到工厂充电。
因此，在另一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括另外的可移动载体，其被配置成用于负载电源。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置还包括至少一个固定单元，用于将所述金属集装箱固定在指定的位置，从而避免受到恶劣气候例如台风的影响。
在一些实施方案中，所述可移动水体净化装置还包括设置在所述金属集装箱上的至少一个进水口和出水口。在一些实施方案中，所述可移动水体净化装置的各个部件和/或单元之间通过管道连接。
在优选的实施方案中，本发明的可移动水体净化装置是一种可移动除藻装置，其用于清除水体(例如包括淡水和海水)中的各种藻类。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种净化水体的方法，所述方法包括利用本发明第一方面所述的可移动水体净化装置来净化水体。优选地，所述方法用于去除水体中的藻类、收集藻类、以及将经过净化的水释放回原先的水体中。
本发明的第二方面还提供了一种除藻的方法，所述方法包括利用本发明第一方面所述的可移动水体净化装置来除去水体中的藻类。
本发明的第二方面还提供了一种收藻类生物质的方法，所述方法包括利用本发明第一方面所述的可移动水体净化装置来回收水体中的藻类生物质，以便用于进一步的加工利用。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种由藻类生物质生产生物柴油的方法，所述藻类生物质通过本发明第一方面所述的可移动水体净化装置获得，或利用本发明第二方面所述的方法获得，所述方法包括利用有机溶剂萃取收集的藻类的粗藻油；以及将所述粗藻油与甲醇混合并利用多相催化剂对所述 混合物进行催化加工，从而获得甘油和生物质柴油。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种利用藻类生物质制备的产品，其中所述藻类生物质通过本发明第一方面所述的可移动水体净化装置获得，或利用本发明第二方面所述的方法获得，所述产品包括但不限于甘油、生物质柴油、鱼类饲料、防晒霜、各种生物质聚合物及建筑物料等。进一步地，因其富含藻类Omega-3，还可将收集的藻类生物质加工成各种保健品。
本发明的装置和方法能够有效净化水体，清除水中的藻类。而且，本发明的装置具有可移动性，因而可以根据需要灵活性地应用于不同的水域。进一步地，本发明的装置在清除藻类的过程中不会破坏藻类的细胞壁，因而通过离心收集得到的藻类具有极大的应用价值。更为重要的是，本发明的装置和方法是环境友好型的，不会危害水中的其它生物体，不会改变水体的pH值，也不会破坏水体的生态环境，因而具有极为广阔的应用前景。
通过阅读随后的描述，本发明的其它方面和优点对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
附图说明
通过以下对本发明的描述，结合附图，本发明的上述目的和特征以及其它目的和特征将变得显而易见，在所述附图中：
图1A示出根据本发明一个实施方案的离心机的螺旋叶片；图1B示出离心机内双层具体叶片的设置；图1C示出螺旋叶片(右边)在工作过程中比传统的横向向外摇摆的离心管设计(左边)能聚集更多沉淀物；图1D示出螺旋叶片通过铰链与转筒连结，而通过铰链的摆动，藻类沉淀物能轻易从螺旋叶片分离，从而向下流入离心机底部的收集箱中。
图2A显示离心机以及部分其它部件在金属集装箱内的设置的鸟瞰图；图2B显示离心机以及部分其它部件在金属集装箱内的设置的侧面图，其中进料泵即本发明所述的第二泵，油压泵用于向离心机中打入压缩空气，从而帮助离心机运行；图2C显示设置在集装箱内的输入箱和输出箱(内藏第三泵)；图2D显示位于离心机后面的泵(即第二泵)，用于将含藻类的水 泵送到离心机中。
图3A示出装配好的集装箱，其放置在工作地点处；图3B示出了工作中的图3A的集装箱。
图4A-E显示本发明的装置在除藻过程中的部分工作流程。图4A：含有藻类的水被泵送到离心机中；图4B：除去外壳后的离心机的内视图；图4C：除去保护套后转筒的内视图；图4D：转筒内的螺旋叶片，其能旋转从而收集藻类；图4E：在运行结束时收集的藻类生物质被释放到底部的收集箱中。
图5A显示用于抽吸水体中的藻类的油压泵(即第一泵)；图5B显示在水中工作的泵(即第一泵，白色圆圈所示)。
图6显示净化处理前和净化处理后水体样本的pH[蓝色竖线条(每一日期对应的左边线条)和红色竖线条(右边线条)]和温度变化(上方的曲线)。
图7显示在一定时间段内从水体中获得的样本中的细胞计数。
图8显示在一定时间段内从水体中获得的样本中的水藻生物质干重。
图9显示在一定时间段内从水体中获得的样本中的细胞计数(圆点曲线)、水藻生物质干重(叉号曲线)以及净化处理前(三角形曲线)和后(菱形曲线)的pH值。
图10显示净化处理前(上方曲线)和净化处理后(下方曲线)的水体样本的化学需氧量。
图11显示净化处理前(上方曲线)和净化处理后(下方曲线)的水体样本中的叶绿素a值。
图12显示净化处理前(上方曲线)和净化处理后(下方曲线)的水体样本中的类胡萝卜素含量。
图13A显示离心之前的含藻水体样本；图13B左边的管显示含有5×10 5/ml的藻类的样本，中间的管显示净化后的样本；右边的管显示净化后收集到的藻类生物质；图13C显示离心机运行4小时后，收集到约两升藻类生物质。
图14A显示离心之前的含藻水体样本的显微镜检查结果；图14B显示离心之后的样本的显微镜检查结果，证明各种藻类已被清除。
具体实施方案
本发明的范围不限于本文所述的任何具体实施方案。提供以下实施例仅用于举例说明。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的离心机采用螺旋叶片技术，使得离心机在离心过程中产生较小的剪切力，不会破坏藻细胞的细胞壁，从而能够将完整的藻细胞(作为生物质)从含藻的水体中去除。而且，相比传统横向向外摇摆的非螺旋叶片离心设计，螺旋状的弯曲叶片及双层96-108片螺旋状的弯曲叶片设计，会大大缩短藻类细胞的沉降距离，可以更好更多地沉淀藻类。在一些实施方案中，本发明的离心机内安装有多个螺旋叶片，这会使沉降距离降至5-7mm，从而显著提高分离效率。而且，在例如4500G离心力下运行离心机时，可以分离低至1微米的颗粒。颗粒在转筒中随着离心而团粒化和积聚，并最终被释放到离心机外面。在一些实施方案中，本发明的离心机是工业级离心机，即Evodos T-25 HCHT离心机，其每小时可处理4000L含藻水体。在一些实施方案中，螺旋叶片通过铰链连结在转筒上，从而在铰链移动的时候可以将离心机中的沉淀物容易地释放出来(图1D)。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的离心机被安装到金属集装箱(例如20英尺)中，从而可以在需要的时候将其运输到不同的地点。除此之外，所述金属集装箱还包括以下组件中的一种或多种：输入箱、输出箱、一个或多个(例如1、2、3、4或更多个)泵、输入管道、输出管道、各种传感器(例如水位传感器)、pH计、温度计、电源；以及其它必要的组件。因此，本发明也涉及一种用于水体净化，尤其是藻类清除的金属集装箱，例如如图2A-B所示的集装箱。本发明经装配的集装箱(包括上述各种必要组件)是经过欧洲当局认证的(带有CE标志，符合欧盟的健康、安全和环保标准)。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的离心机需要使用380-480V，频率为50-60Hz及32A的三相电源。在一些实施方案中，可以通过太阳能提供电 源。在一些实施方案中，所述电源为电池，例如铅酸电池。优选地，通过卡车、货车、驳船或趸船现场提供电力。本领域技术人员需要注意的是，自然环境中的藻类通常只有在有阳光的情况下才会靠近水面，因此，通常在白天光线充足时进行除藻作业，而晚上可以在现场外为电池充电。
在使用时，首先通过第一泵将含藻类的水体抽吸到输入箱或存储箱中，然后再将其泵送到HCHT离心机中，此时，启动离心机，螺旋叶片在旋转时会将藻类沉淀在离心机的底部而不会破坏藻类的细胞壁，离心过程中产生的流出物(即，水)通过离心力的作用进入到输出箱中，最后从输出箱中被直接或间接排放到原先的水域中；离心结束时，可以收集藻类生物质。在一些实施方案中，利用浮体(例如筏)将第一泵放置在水体中。在一些实施方案中，通过水位计监控输入箱和输出箱中的水位，当水位低于预设水平时，则第二泵将自动停止泵送物料至离心机。在一些实施方案中，还在输入箱和输出箱上配置温度计和pH计，以比较离心处理前后的水体样本的温度和pH值。
在一些实施方案中，本发明所述的“污染物”是指不期望出现在水体中或者不期望以过多的量出现在水体中的生物质，尤其是藻类，例如蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、隐藻、裸藻、金藻、甲藻、各种藻华或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中，除非另外说明，否则本发明所述的“水体”包括但不限于海水和淡水，例如海洋、湖泊、河流、池塘等任何水域中的水，尤其是含有藻类(特别是藻华)的水。
在一些实施方案中，本发明所述的“指定地点”是指需要进行水净化处理(例如除藻)的水域或水体，例如爆发大型有害赤潮的水域。
在一些实施方案中，本发明所述的“原先的水体”或“原先的水域”是指第一泵在其中抽吸含藻水体的水体或水域，也就是放置所述第一泵的水体或水域。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中，除非上下文另有要求，否则术语“包括”或“包含”、“含有”将被理解为暗示包括所述元素、组分或特征或所述元素、组分或特征的组，但是不排除任何其它元素、组分或特征或元素、 组分或特征的组。
除非另有定义，否则本文使用的所有其它技术术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。
实施例1：金属集装箱的装配
委托Evodos公司在金属集装箱内进行离心机、电力系统、泵、传感器、各个其它组件的安装，并获得了欧洲当局CE的认证。
整个安装过程于2017年4月完成，并于2017年5月交付申请人。集装箱内的具体配置见图2A-C。
在香港水务署(WSD)的大力支持下，装配好的金属集装箱被允许放置在船湾淡水湖(Plover Cove Reservoir)抽水站的主楼旁(图3A-B)。这里是禁区，本发明装置的操作不会受到公众的干扰，而且还可获得抽水站提供的三相电力供应。
实施例2：可移动除藻装置的运行
将潜水泵通过管道连接到实施例1的金属集装箱。自2017年7月起开始运行该装置。具体而言，自2017年7月13日起，每2-3天1次运行整个装置，直至2017年8月下旬。此后，由于台风的袭击，暂停运行约7-10天。从2017年9月开始到2017年10月中旬，继续每周至少1次运行装置，从而有助于在藻类密度不高的情况下了解本发明的装置的性能(图4A-E以及图5A-B)。在离心机运作期间，通过水位计监控输入箱和输出箱中的水位，当水位低于预设水平时，则泵将自动停止泵送物料。
实施例3：可移动除藻装置的性能分析
方法
(a)通过pH计(Extech Instruments，SDL100)现场测量(离心处理前后的水体样本的)pH；利用温度计测量温度；并测量每天收集到的藻类生物质干重。
(b)细胞计数：通过流式细胞仪(BD Accuri C6流式细胞仪)测量离心处 理前后的水体样本中的微生物。为了进行颗粒计数，将100μl样本以每分钟14μl的流速注入细胞仪。记录总计数。在计算离心处理前后的水体样本中的颗粒数之前，制备背景读数样本。在这方面，将处理前水体样本以13,000rpm的转速离心2分钟(Boeco，M-24)，以使所有“较大”尺寸的微生物(包括所有藻类和大多数常规尺寸的细菌)团粒化。极小尺寸的细菌和病毒可能残留在上清液中，因此将上清液的“计数”计为背景计数。处理前后水体样本的计数都减去背景计数，即得到大于常规尺寸细菌的所有颗粒的计数。
(c)化学需氧量(COD)：通过密闭回流比色法测定化学需氧量。简言之，将2ml样本添加到COD消解瓶中(Hach，用于COD 3-150mg/L范围的消解液)。小心地混合混合物，并在150℃加热120分钟。之后，将样本缓慢冷却至室温，以避免形成沉淀。然后将小瓶中的内容物混合，与冷凝水合并。沉降悬浮物并测量420nm处的吸收。邻苯二甲酸氢钾用作标准品。
(d)叶绿素-a和类胡萝卜素测量：简言之，通过在13,000rpm离心10分钟(Boeco，M-24)来收集100ml样本。丢弃上清液。加入1ml预冷的(4℃)甲醇。然后通移液管轻轻吹吸使样本均质化。之后，用铝箔覆盖样本并在4℃孵育20分钟，以从细胞中提取色素。接下来，将样本离心(13,000rpm，4℃，10分钟)，保留上清液。使用甲醇作为空白对照，在470nm、665nm和720nm处测量吸光度。根据以下公式计算叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的浓度：叶绿素a[μg/ml]＝12.9447(A665-A720)(Ritchie,2006)；和类胡萝卜素[μg/ml]＝[1000(A420-A720)-2.86(叶绿素a[μg/ml])]/221(Wellburn,1994)。
总体而言，HCHT离心机从含藻水体样本中收集了大量生物质。离心处理后的水体样本中未检测到叶绿素-a，显微镜检查也未发现任何藻类，这意味着所有携带叶绿素-a的生物质(主要是藻类)都通过HCHT离心机被捕获(图11、13A-C、14A-B)。同样，在处理后的水体样本中也未检测到类胡萝卜素(图12)。这些结果还表明具有螺旋叶片的HCHT离心机产生的离心力(包括剪切力)足够温和，不会在离心和收获过程中破坏藻类细胞壁。此外，净化处理前后的水体样本的pH值基本一致，但温度变化在25-35℃ 之间(图6)。而且，净化后的COD值始终低于或至多等于净化前的COD值，意味着离心过程未向离心机中的水体样本中添加任何需要氧气的物质(图10)。因此，本发明的装置可以完整地从含有藻类的水体中有效地去除藻类生物质。
实施例4：藻类生物质的加工
向实施例3获得的藻类生物质，加入有机溶剂，从而萃取藻细胞中的粗藻油；再将获得的粗藻油和甲醇混合，并用多相催化剂对混合物进行催化，然后进行相分离，从而分离获得甘油和生物柴油。
上述对实施例的描述是为了方便本技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其它实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于本文公开的具体实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明范畴的情况下所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种可移动水体净化装置，其包括：
    可移动载体，其被配置成负载离心机和/或将所述离心机运输到指定地点；
    离心机，其与所述可移动载体可拆卸地连接并被配置成分离水体中的藻类污染物，其中所述离心机具有螺旋叶片；
    至少一个第一泵，其与所述离心机流体连通并被配置成抽吸含有藻类污染物的水体；
    输入箱，其与所述离心机流体连通，并被配置成接收来自所述第一泵的物料；
    第二泵，其与所述离心机流体连通并被配置成将所述输入箱中的物料泵送到所述离心机中；
    输出箱，其与所述离心机流体连通，并被配置成接收来自所述离心机的水体；以及
    第三泵，其与所述输出箱流体连通并被放置在输出箱中，并且其被配置成将所述输出箱的水体排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述离心机是高容量高通量离心机。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述装置还包括金属集装箱，其与所述可移动载体可拆卸地连接并被配置成负载在所述可移动载体上和/或被所述可移动载体运输到指定地点，其中所述离心机、第二泵、输入箱、输出箱以及第三泵设置在所述金属集装箱内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述装置还包括至少一个存储箱和至少一个第四泵，其中所述存储箱与所述离心机流体连通并被配置成接收从所述第一泵泵送的物料以及将接收的物料输送到所述输入箱中；所述第四泵与所述输出箱流体连通，其中所述输出箱中的水体借助于所述第三泵及第四泵被排放回原先的水体中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述装置还包括 与所述输入箱连接的第一水位计、第一pH计和/或第一温度计；以及与所述输出箱连接的第二水位计、第二pH计和/或第二温度计。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述装置还包括收集单元，其中所述收集单元与所述离心机连接并被配置成收集从所述离心机分离出的沉淀物。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述可移动载体包括但不限于：货车、船、飞机或其任意组合。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述可移动载体是船，并且所述可移动水体净化装置还包括避震单元，其中所述避震单元与所述船连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述藻类污染物包括但不限于：蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、隐藻、裸藻、金藻、甲藻或其任意组合。
  10. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置，其中所述装置还包括用于为所述离心机供电的电源，其中所述电源负载在所述可移动载体或另外的可移动载体上，所述另外的可移动载体选自小型厢式货车。
  11. 一种净化水体的方法，所述方法包括使用权利要求1-10中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置来净化水体。
  12. 一种水体除藻的方法，所述方法包括使用权利要求1-10中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置来除去水体中的藻类。
  13. 一种回收藻类生物质的方法，所述方法包括使用权利要求1-10中任一项所述的可移动水体净化装置来回收水体中的藻类生物质。
  14. 一种由藻类生物质生产生物质柴油的方法，其中所述藻类生物质通过权利要求13所述的方法获得，所述方法包括：利用有机溶剂萃取藻类生物质及粗藻油；将所述粗藻油与甲醇混合并利用多相催化剂对所述混合物进行催化加工，从而获得甘油和生物质柴油。
  15. 一种利用藻类生物质制备的产品，其中所述藻类生物质通过权利要求13所述的方法获得，并且所述产品包括但不限于甘油、生物质柴油、鱼类饲料、防晒霜、泡沫制品、保健品、各种生物质聚合物及建筑物料。
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