WO2020149763A1 - Procédé et système pour effectuer une opération de crédit avec un porte-monnaie électronique - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour effectuer une opération de crédit avec un porte-monnaie électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020149763A1
WO2020149763A1 PCT/RU2019/000515 RU2019000515W WO2020149763A1 WO 2020149763 A1 WO2020149763 A1 WO 2020149763A1 RU 2019000515 W RU2019000515 W RU 2019000515W WO 2020149763 A1 WO2020149763 A1 WO 2020149763A1
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credit
crypto
transaction
fiduciary
credit transaction
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PCT/RU2019/000515
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
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Дмитрий Владимирович ВИХОРЕВ
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Дмитрий Владимирович ВИХОРЕВ
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Publication of WO2020149763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020149763A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/02—Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a means of ensuring financial credit payments.
  • the technical result is to ensure the interaction of credit transactions concluded in the blockchain network with a conventional banking system.
  • the system contains: one or more "Crypto Wallets” hereinafter, "crypto wallets” (17) of figure 1; 2; 6 containing (19) Fig. 6 tokens BTC, ETH, ERC 20 and Stablecoins USD (18) tokens of Fig. 1; 2; 6, as well as a set of "credit smart contracts” (4.1) of FIG. 1; 5 which contain various options for credit transactions and which are made with the possibility of: blocking Stablecoins USD tokens in a crypto wallet (4) of Fig.
  • the present invention relates generally to the field of financial credit transactions. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and method for ensuring the transfer of liquidity of crypto financial assets through a credit transaction concluded with crypto instruments in a crypto environment in which crypto Stablecoins USD equivalents of monetary amounts are used, and a method for transferring to a conventional fiduciary financial environment in which ordinary fiduciary money, the most financial crypto value and the conditions of a crypto credit transaction and the method of receiving interest payments to a crypto wallet by the lender, through depositing them on the castadian loan account and issuing interest in the equivalent of fiat cash payments on the loan of Stablecoins USD tokens, which are sent to the crypto lender on his crypto wallet.
  • the invention is aimed at eliminating barriers between crypto and fiduciary financial credit transactions, at eliminating volatility in a crypto credit transaction with a fiduciary client, ensuring the transfer of crypto value to the fiduciary system and its subsequent return to the crypto environment, at ensuring credit financial transactions between different from a technical point of view financial systems.
  • the state of the art of the claimed invention will allow lending to fiduciary financial institutions from a cryptographic environment that contains large reserves of financial values on its blockchains.
  • the closest analogue of the invention is a method of transferring the value of a crypto asset to a fiduciary client from SALT:
  • SALT Lending is a platform for mutual lending of participants who have crypto values. It resembles a semblance of a crypto exchange, on which the client places his crypto value in BTC, ETH, ERC 20 tokens as a collateral and receives a loan in fiat currency, for example USD.
  • the SALT Lending platform 24 hours monitors the current exchange value of the collateral, and if it drops to a critical level, it sends a signal to the owner of the collateral that it is necessary to either increase the value of the collateral by adding crypto values, or the collateral will be sold at the point where the platform costs will be compensated and the amount of the previously issued loan in USD currency, therefore, the amount of the collateral is initially significantly higher than the value of the loan received, so that in case of sharp changes in stock quotes, the sale of collateral and the closure of the credit transaction by the platform on conditions that are not favorable for the borrower, therefore borrowers usually make a collateral of 20 % - 50% more than the loan they received.
  • the claimed invention in which the amount and value of the crypto collateral is always equal to the amount received in fiduciary currency by the borrower and the value of the collateral during the loan transaction does not change and there are no conditions in the loan agreement for the sale of crypto collateral.
  • the SALT Lending loan platform acts as a crypto exchange on which the client pledged, for example, his Bitcoin and received a smaller part of its value in dollar terms and pays interest for such a loan, and at the same time, the cost of the collateral is constantly changing and there is a risk of selling by the platform "Collateral bitcoin" on terms that are not favorable for the borrower.
  • the SALT Lending platform announced a partnership with the CENTER Consortium to add Stablecoins USD Coin (USDC) to its platform which is backed by USD at a 1: 1 ratio and each Stablecoins USDC is backed 100% by the corresponding USD.
  • USDC Stablecoins USD Coin
  • the SALT Lending platform By adding crypto dollars Stablecoins USDC, the SALT Lending platform has the same opportunity that is available on any crypto exchange, it is to sell a crypto asset for a crypto dollar, since, for example, all crypto exchanges offer trading in BTC / USDC, ETH / USDC, ERC20 / USDC. But as a result of such additional sales and purchases, the platform charges a percentage for the conversion of crypto assets, which further increases the final cost of the loan. Thus, these crypto lending transactions take place between participants in the blockchain environment, between a lender who owns a crypto and a borrower who is also a crypto owner.
  • SALT Lending looks like a crypto lambard in which the client pledges his value - crypto tokens ⁇ , ⁇ , ERC 20, and receives dollars, but if the exchange rate falls, the client is obliged to put an additional collateral in the "pawnshop” and increase its value, otherwise the pawnshop itself will sell the pledge without waiting for the borrower to come to the pawnshop. In fact, these conditions for "crypto lending" are even worse than in a regular pawnshop.
  • SALT reports that SALT Lending is a platform, not a direct lender, that loans are issued under private contracts, they are not insured by the FDIC of the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and that the investment may lose value.
  • ETHLend Another similar analogue of crypto lending from ETHLend is www.ethlend.io Attention: Compliance Officer, ETHLend q ⁇ , Harju maakond, Tallinn, Kesklinna linnaosa ,, Lai tn 26, 10133, Estonia.
  • the lender and the borrower transfer crypto tokens to each other on credit, for example, the lender creates a loan offer and sets out an amount, for example, in bitcoin tokens (BTC), which he agrees to lend, but instead specifies the amount in another crypto token as collateral, for example, ethereum (ETH) in an amount that is greater than the value of the loan offer, thus, unlike the claimed invention, crypto lending transactions occur only between two owners of crypto assets within the blockchain environment.
  • BTC bitcoin tokens
  • ETH ethereum
  • the purpose of the invention is to create a crypto lending system in which there is no change in the collateral value of a crypto asset associated with a change in exchange quotes and which can transfer the value of a crypto asset located on the blockchain in a cryptographic environment to the fiduciary lending market on terms that will be acceptable, for example, for savings banks.
  • the processing and conclusion of a credit transaction and the provision of a loan security amount is initiated by a crypto lender on the blockchain side, as well as the creditor receives interest for granting a loan through the blockchain to his crypto account, as well as closing a credit transaction on the blockchain side automatically from by unblocking the crypto amount that was deposited on the blockchain in securing the loan, which significantly reduces the formal document flow, increases the speed of concluding a credit transaction and reduces material costs for the crypto lender.
  • the invention provides the emergence of a crypto credit system that can lend to the world's fiduciary financial system.
  • Custodian Custodian
  • Custodian an organization (most often a bank) that provides safe custody and management of securities on behalf of its customers, and can also provide other services, including money management, lending in foreign currency and in the form of securities.
  • a credit market for example, a market for deposit and credit transactions, for example, on the Moscow Exchange MICEX-RTS moex.com, where, among other things, REPO transactions (repurchase agreement, repo) take place.
  • REPO transactions are made for the purpose of lending money to market participants.
  • REPO can be viewed as short-term loan of funds secured by securities.
  • a repo is an instrument of raising funds by brokers / dealers who want to receive funds on time to finance a position in the money market or the derivatives market.
  • the classic structure of a repo transaction includes the sale and repurchase of securities at the price agreed by the parties within the agreed period.
  • trilateral repo transactions have become widespread. The parties to such transactions are the lender, the borrower and the custodian bank.
  • the broker / dealer in need of financing receives cash on credit in exchange for collateral in the form of fixed income securities, usually government bonds or Eurobonds.
  • the counterparties sign agreements among themselves, stipulating the terms of the loan and collateral, and each of them separately signs an agreement with the creditor's depository.
  • the lenders in this transaction are typically corporate finance departments, insurance companies, pension funds, and investment managers.
  • the parties agree on a rate linked to LIBOR, the collateral is transferred from the dealer to the creditor's depository, and the funds are sent to the dealer.
  • the securities are returned to the dealer, provided that the principal and interest on the loan are paid off.
  • the custodian assumes obligations to monitor the quality and cost of collateral, arrange for the replacement of collateral and control the compliance of the collateral with the parameters established by the contract.
  • Securities lending plays an extremely important role in shaping liquidity. That the custodian plays the role of an intermediary in this transaction. Custodians often act as a lender themselves and take major risks. If the custodian acts as an agent (intermediary), between the lender and the custodian, as well as between the borrower and the custodian, an agreement is concluded that prescribes acceptable forms of collateral. Usually these are 3 L cash, government bonds, treasury bonds, certificates of deposit, bank letters of credit. As a rule, the lender requires the value of collateral to be 2-5% higher than the value of the securities lent to cover fluctuations in the price of these securities during the loan term and the possible costs associated with the sale of the collateral in the event of default by the borrower.
  • the custodian is obliged to offer the lender's assets to potential borrowers, agree on the terms (price and term of the loan) with the counterparty and transfer the securities to the borrower in exchange for collateral.
  • collateral must meet the eligibility criteria established by the contract, and its value must be revalued on an ongoing basis in accordance with changes in the market price of the assets to verify compliance with the margin set by the lender.
  • the custodian is also obliged to claim from the borrower the income received from the securities and transfer them in favor of the lender. The borrower also pays commissions on the loan through the custodian.
  • the present invention is a method and system for facilitating credit transactions between a blockchain environment and a fiduciary financial system. This result is achieved through the use of a technical opportunity that allows blocking the lender's digital assets on the blockchain, for example, such as Stablecoins USD, which are deposited in this way to secure a credit transaction and the dollar equivalent of which is held by Custodian and at the time of blocking on the lender's crypto account.
  • a technical opportunity that allows blocking the lender's digital assets on the blockchain, for example, such as Stablecoins USD, which are deposited in this way to secure a credit transaction and the dollar equivalent of which is held by Custodian and at the time of blocking on the lender's crypto account.
  • a signal is sent to the deposited dollar account of Castadian, which, based on the order received from the crypto owner of the digital asset, then performs, as his trustee, the execution of the credit transaction with the fiduciary client and ultimately transfers to credit account of the fiduciary borrower fiat currency that was deposited with him.
  • Custodian is a licensed agent for the exchange and custody of digital assets and the manufacturer of Stablecoins USD which are backed by the US dollar in a 1: 1 ratio and the dollar equivalent is kept in his deposit.
  • the custodian acts as the trustee of the crypto lender in a loan transaction between a digital asset and a fiduciary borrower.
  • the custodian monitors and records the blocked and thus deposited digital asset for a credit transaction and, on the basis of this, transfers a similar amount in monetary terms, for example, in dollars, from its deposit to the fiduciary system.
  • the Custodian acts as a fiduciary asset management of the crypto lender and fulfills the order received through the smart credit contract to conclude a credit transaction with the fiduciary client.
  • the diagram of Figs. 1 and 2 shows the transfer of the value of digital assets from the blockchain environment to the fiduciary financial system, using the example of a credit transaction between an industrial enterprise that owns digital assets , a private crypto investor and a savings bank or other lending operators in the fiduciary financial system.
  • fiat money (1) enters the crypto wallet (17) of an Industrial Enterprise or a private person (17) Fig.
  • GUSD Stablecoins
  • a castadian can accept offers for loans from banks (7), conclude lending agreements with them and choose those of them that, for example, have insurance (8) deposits from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) USA, and then the castadian places the terms of credit transactions in credit smart contracts (4.1), for example, in your depository, or on another platform available to crypto investors.
  • FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
  • the crypto investor chooses a credit transaction that is suitable in terms of terms and remuneration, located in a smart contract (4.1) Figs. 1, 2.
  • the crypto investor sends (3), (3.1) the required amount of credit in Stablecoins GUSD to a smart credit contract, which as a result will block (4) for the entire duration of the credit transaction, this digital asset from the possibility of its sale as collateral and will inform the custodian about the amount of the blocked asset (5) and information about the selected credit transaction (5.1), which will go to the credit pool (6) Fig. 1 , (6.1) Fig. 2, where all loan applications from different crypto clients and fiduciary borrowers flock.
  • Company Fusion.org has created a technology for Distributed Rights Management of Crypto Value (DCRM) and (LILO), which allows a user to set a lock on his digital assets at a selected time interval on one side and transfer this asset, for example, to the Castadian wallet and at the same time the digital crypto the asset after the blocking time expires will automatically return back to the investor's crypto wallet after the blocking time expires.
  • DCRM Distributed Rights Management of Crypto Value
  • LILO Distributed Rights Management of Crypto Value
  • the blocking on the asset expires automatically at the end of the blocking period, which is equal to the credit transaction period.
  • a borrower such as a bank
  • a depositary receipt of the Central Bank which is the security of the transaction
  • the custodian will have the equivalent of this amount with an excess value and will sell it to the central bank and compensates for the costs, therefore, such credit transactions may have, as a return of funds to the crypto lender, the option of unlocking a digital asset by a timer, upon the expiration of the loan term, since the trustee is a castadian in any case either completes the transaction according to the plan or sells it in excess of the loan the amount of securities and will cover their costs.
  • This mechanism gives more operational management of your digital asset, it is not required to transfer it to an exchange or platform, for example, a castadian, in order to make a pledge, in addition, the temporary distribution of management rights automatically ensures maximum automation of return processes collateral, and simplifies the conclusion of a credit transaction, confirms to the casteadian that the collateral is blocked, sending a signal to the casteadian that the credit transaction is selected and removes the paperwork of documents.
  • the borrower Upon completion of the credit transaction, the borrower pays the “loan body” in fiduciary currency, for example, in US dollars (12) Fig. 4 and sends them to the loan account of the Castadian loan (10).
  • the castadian transfers these funds to the client's client account (13) and sends a signal to the smart credit contract (14) Fig. 4 that the transaction is completed and the tokens need to be unlocked.
  • This information is analyzed by the smart contract and it sends a signal to unlock the crypto asset (15) Fig. 4, which is temporarily blocked, for example, in the lender's loan pool.
  • the claimed method and scheme of lending also allows crypto investors to take part in such loan transactions as REPOs, taking place in the interbank lending market of Fig. 7, and this market will be available even for industrial enterprises and ordinary banks located in different countries of the world.
  • REPOs loan transactions
  • Japanese banks have increased liquidity and so that banks do not keep it in their accounts, the central bank of Japan introduces a negative rate as a measure to stimulate bank lending to the economy.
  • Japanese banks could offer their excess liquidity to the international interbank lending market.
  • an ordinary bank of Japan which has free liquidity, enters into a cooperation agreement with a castadian, for example, Gemini and transfers dollars (20) to its deposit account, and receives in return (21) Stablecoins GUSD, which will allow, with the declared scheme and method of lending, quickly make, for example, REPO lending transactions.
  • the crypto investor chooses a "credit smart repo contract" (22), and blocks / deposits his digital crypto assets using a smart contract, which in turn sends an order to execute a credit transaction to the credit pool (23) of the castadian.
  • borrowers for example banks from England, Germany or England, view a monitor (24) through the credit interface (24), for example, the same one that exists on the stock exchanges, or the one that will be provided to them by the castadian, options for offers from investors on lending repo transactions.
  • the castadian After the completion of the transaction and the receipt of borrowed funds from the borrower by the castadian (29), the castadian returns the securities, depositary receipts (28) to the borrower.
  • crypto assets are unblocked from crypto lenders (30) who are in the blockchain sphere and who provided financing for the transaction with their finances.
  • crypto investors receive from the castadian on their crypto wallets or accounts (31) the percentage of profit they are entitled to in GUSD crypto tokens.
  • a credit transaction begins and is activated on the blockchain side by a crypto investor and occurs between him and Castadian, which does not contradict Castadian's license, and on the other hand, the transaction continues on the side of the fiduciary system, between Castadian and fiduciary clients, which is so does not contradict Castadian's license, while credit transactions with clients registered in the United States can take place at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), (8) Figs. 1,2,3,4,5, an organization that insures deposits of creditors in the United States.
  • FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
  • the declared lending system allows owners of digital assets, such as a private crypto investor, an industrial enterprise, Fig. 5 banks from various countries Fig. 7, to send loan applications through the blockchain network for credit smart contracts of the custodian (4.1) that fulfill the terms of the transaction, namely block crypto assets at the time of the credit transaction, inform the custodian about the readiness of the crypto investor for a credit transaction on the given conditions and then, upon completion of the credit transaction, release the block from the digital asset and send it to the lender, a percentage of the profit for lending the transaction is received.
  • the actions of the crypto lender for lending to the fiduciary financial system are minimized.
  • the achieved technical result which is aimed at "Method and system for securing a credit transaction between the owner of a crypto wallet and a credit bank" is to enable the owner of crypto values to transfer the value of their crypto assets as a loan to depository institutions, which are usually called banks that accept local residents' deposits and then borrow money in the form of consumer loans, mortgages and loans for small businesses, as well as on the market for urgent interbank repurchase agreements.
  • the system described in this application is capable of implementing and organizing various options for blocking a digital asset, both on the side of the crypto owner and on the side of the custodian. And in the event that it is a depository receipt of the Central Bank or a security, for example, such as a tokenized stock share of an enterprise, called a "security token", then such an asset can also be blocked as collateral for a credit transaction, for example, such as urgent lending transactions REPO.
  • a security for example, such as a tokenized stock share of an enterprise, called a "security token”
  • a method of ensuring for the owner of a digital crypto asset, making a lending transaction with a client from a fiduciary financial system, associated with the purchase of digital Stablecoins USD tokens with the value of a credit transaction, and with the provision of a loan contains the following: by the International Interbank Information Transfer System and making SWIFT payments, the fiduciary asset is transferred to the custodian's depository account; Castadian issues new Stablecoins USD tokens in the equivalent of 1: 1 to US dollars and sends them over the blockchain data network to the crypto account of its crypto client, and places the dollar equivalent on the client's deposit account; carry out interaction between the crypto client and the customer via the data transmission network; through the user interface, functionally related to the credit smart contract, receives a choice of a list of credit transactions, the terms of the credit transaction, the financial value of the collateral for the credit transaction, the schedule of
  • the type of credit transaction is selected from the group containing: the provision of loans to banks; pools of mortgage loans; credit REPO operations.
  • Figure 1 presents a diagram describing the stages and stages of the formation of a credit transaction in a crypto environment on the blockchain by an Industrial enterprise and methods for ensuring the subsequent transfer of the value of a digital asset through Kastadin to fiduciary borrowers.
  • Figure 2 presents a diagram describing the stages and stages of the formation of a credit transaction in a crypto environment on the blockchain by a Private Investor and methods for ensuring the subsequent transfer of the value of crypto values into a credit transaction through his Kastadin to fiduciary borrowers.
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram describing the route of interest that goes to the loan account of the loan to the custodian pool in dollar terms, which converts USD into Stablecoins GUSD and sends it to the borrower's crypto wallet.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram describing the receipt of the credit body and the closing of the credit transaction.
  • the body of the loan goes to the Castadian loan account and then to the client's customer account, and the credit pool sends information to the smart a loan contract stating that the transaction is completed and the blocking of the digital asset that was deposited to secure the credit transaction is being released.
  • Figure 5 depicts a schematic diagram of a credit system involving Industrial Enterprises, Private Crypto Investors, Custodians, Banks, Mortgage Lenders and Micro Credit Institutions.
  • Fig. 6 shows a crypto wallet that contains BTC, ETH, ERC20 tokens, as well as Stablecoins USD.
  • FIG. 7 shows a scheme of crypto lending for interbank repo transactions, in which private crypto investors, financial departments of industrial enterprises have digital crypto values, a creditor bank with increased liquidity and which is located in another jurisdiction and which has digital assets, a casteadian who has a credit pool and which is licensed to manage digital assets and ordinary banks from the fiduciary system that act as borrowers.

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Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à la création d'un système cryptographique d'octroi de crédit dans lequel on élimine toute volatilité liée à un changement de la valeur des quotations boursières et des crypto-jetons hypothécaires, et qui permet de transmettre une valeur cryptographique monétaire et une somme depuis le milieu des blockchains cryptographiques vers le marché fiduciaire en vue de son financement dans des conditions qui soient acceptables pour les banques, pour les revendeurs d'accords Repo, pour les créditeurs autorisées et les organismes de micro-crédit non bancaires. Le traitement des demandes d'opérations de crédit, l'obtention de pourcentages sur les crédits accordés et la fermeture du crédit du côté de la blockchain se font en mode automatique, ce qui permet de réduire fortement les coûts et la quantité de documents formels des opérations de crédit. Ce résultat est obtenu grâce à un blocage et un dépôt de valeur cryptographique afin d'assurer l'opération de crédit qui possède son équivalent monétaire auprès d'un dépositaire en dollars et que le dépositaire envoie en vue de la réalisation de l'opération de crédit. Le résultat technique de cette invention consiste en l'apparition d'un système de crédit cryptographique qui permet de financer des institutions fiduciaires financières.
PCT/RU2019/000515 2019-01-14 2019-07-22 Procédé et système pour effectuer une opération de crédit avec un porte-monnaie électronique WO2020149763A1 (fr)

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CN117350718A (zh) * 2022-10-17 2024-01-05 刘文皓 一种数字人民币履约系统及方法

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WO2019010331A1 (fr) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-10 Ripio International Réseau de crédit fondé sur un contrat intelligent
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WO2018058108A1 (fr) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 Shapeshift Ag Système et procédé de fourniture d'un mécanisme de rééquilibrage à actifs multiples
WO2018140913A1 (fr) * 2017-01-30 2018-08-02 SALT Lending Holdings, Inc. Système et procédé de création d'un accord sécurisé automatisé basé sur des actifs
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CN117350718A (zh) * 2022-10-17 2024-01-05 刘文皓 一种数字人民币履约系统及方法

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