WO2020147446A1 - 用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈 - Google Patents

用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈 Download PDF

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WO2020147446A1
WO2020147446A1 PCT/CN2019/122698 CN2019122698W WO2020147446A1 WO 2020147446 A1 WO2020147446 A1 WO 2020147446A1 CN 2019122698 W CN2019122698 W CN 2019122698W WO 2020147446 A1 WO2020147446 A1 WO 2020147446A1
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receiving
magnetic resonance
antenna
transmitting
resonance imaging
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张孝通
高阳
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浙江大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/34—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging

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  • the invention relates to the field of ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging systems, and specifically designs a small animal radio frequency coil for clinical ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging systems.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging technology uses this principle by adding a pulsed gradient magnetic field to the main magnetic field to selectively excite the nuclei in the human body at the required position, and then receive the magnetic resonance signal generated by the nucleus, and finally perform Fourier in the computer Transform, frequency-encode and phase-encode these signals to create a complete magnetic resonance image.
  • the magnetic resonance imaging device includes a radio frequency transmitting antenna and a receiving radio frequency antenna.
  • the radio frequency transmitting antenna is used to generate radio frequency pulses that excite protons.
  • the receiving radio frequency antenna is used to receive the magnetic resonance signal generated by the atomic nucleus.
  • the receiving radio frequency antenna can be the transmitting antenna itself or only Independent antenna for receiving radio frequency signals.
  • the uniformity of the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency transmitting antenna, high transmission efficiency, and high signal-to-noise ratio of the signal received by the receiving antenna are the key factors for obtaining high-quality images.
  • the design of the birdcage transmitting antenna working in orthogonal excitation mode can meet the requirements of the uniformity of the transmitting magnetic field within the human body.
  • the volume transmitting antenna of this design is integrated into a conventional field-strength magnetic resonance system as a conventional configuration, which can meet the imaging requirements of any part.
  • the use of multi-channel phased array receiving antenna design can ensure the realization of high signal-to-noise ratio requirements in a large imaging range.
  • the multi-channel phased array receiving antenna can be used with parallel imaging technology to accelerate image acquisition and improve image quality.
  • the birdcage transmitting antenna design of orthogonal excitation working mode can no longer meet the requirements of the uniformity of the transmitting magnetic field in the human body.
  • a higher resonance frequency is required when used in an ultra-high field strength magnetic resonance system, which will result in low emission efficiency and increase the specific absorption rate of tissue radio frequency caused by the electromagnetic field generated by the unit emission voltage.
  • Low emission efficiency and high tissue radio frequency specific absorption rate will cause significant safety issues such as tissue emission and restrict the application feasibility of radio frequency coils. Therefore, existing ultra-high field magnetic resonance systems on the market are not equipped with bulk antennas.
  • the imaging coils for different parts and objects must be customized to design the transmitting antenna.
  • Small animal magnetic resonance imaging experiments can be combined with damaged nerve recording and neuromodulation to obtain more precise neural activity information.
  • functional magnetic resonance signal mechanism research finer-scale neural circuit mechanisms and Research on neural connectivity based on causal methods has an irreplaceable role.
  • the research results of small animal functional magnetic resonance can be transformed into the field of human brain functional magnetic resonance, which has an important guiding role in the development of advanced non-invasive functional magnetic resonance methods for human brain imaging.
  • most of the current small animal MRI studies are carried out on small animal-specific MRI systems, because small animal-specific MRI systems and clinical MRI systems that can be used for human brain imaging are both in hardware configuration and in terms of manufacturers. There is this huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to directly transform cross-species magnetic resonance research data based on different magnetic resonance platforms.
  • the development of special imaging radio frequency coils for small animals for clinical magnetic resonance systems will make it possible to conduct cross-species clinical translational research on the same magnetic resonance system platform.
  • the technical problems to be solved by the present invention include: a customized design of a transmitting antenna with high transmission efficiency and uniformity; and a special design to improve the slow imaging speed and resolution due to insufficient performance of the gradient system when the clinical magnetic resonance system is used for small animal imaging. Low and poor image quality; compatible with diverse animal bodies and loaded with multi-modal imaging devices.
  • a small animal radio frequency coil used in clinical ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging systems small animals such as mice and rabbits used in biology or medicine
  • small animal radio frequency coils It is mainly composed of a single-channel transmitting and receiving integrated antenna and multiple receiving antennas. All receiving antenna loop arrays are arranged on the outer circumference of the transmitting and receiving integrated antenna, and geometrically overlap with the transmitting and receiving integrated antenna, and the mutual inductance is generated to enhance communication.
  • Radio frequency decoupling between antenna channels the coverage of the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna is less than the sum of the coverage of all the receiving antennas, so as to achieve signal excitation in a small imaging area;
  • the receiving antenna has the parallel imaging function of the clinical magnetic resonance imaging system, which helps to shorten Scan time and improve image quality; both the transmitting and receiving integrated antenna and the receiving antenna are connected in series with a capacitor and then connected to their respective preamplifiers.
  • the capacitors are used for impedance matching and enhancing the decoupling performance between channels.
  • each receiving antenna is 2.5 cm, and the effective coverage diameter of the multiple receiving antenna loop arrays is 5 cm.
  • the geometrically overlapping overlapping range is determined by the network analyzer measuring the overlapping range when the forward transmission coefficient S21 between the channels is less than -15dB.
  • the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna and the receiving antenna can be made of a printed circuit board or a copper wire.
  • the resonance frequency of the small animal radio frequency coil is 297.2MHz, which can be used for magnetic resonance imaging machines with a field strength of 7 Tesla or more and low field strength magnetic resonance systems without body transmitting coils.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: adopting a single-channel and small-size integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 1 to achieve high transmission efficiency and uniform excitation of the brain range, while reducing the imaging range to reduce the performance requirements of the gradient coil.
  • the multi-channel phased array receiving antenna has the parallel imaging function of the clinical magnetic resonance imaging system, which helps to shorten the scanning time and improve the image quality.
  • the preamplifier 3 is directly connected to the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna and each receiving antenna, and the design of a highly integrated radio frequency coil reduces the space occupied by the coil, and can be compatible with small animal bodies and loaded with multi-modal imaging devices.
  • Figure 1 is a layout diagram of the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna and multiple receiving antennas of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a spatial layout diagram of the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna, multiple receiving antennas and preamplifiers of the present invention
  • a small animal radio frequency coil used in a clinical ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging system is mainly composed of a single-channel transmitting and receiving integrated antenna 1 and multiple receiving antennas 2, all receiving antennas 2
  • the ring array is arranged on the outer circumference of the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 1, and geometrically overlapping with the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 1, and the mutual inductance is generated to enhance the radio frequency decoupling between antenna channels; the coverage of the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 1 is smaller than all
  • the total coverage of the receiving antenna 2 can achieve signal excitation in a small imaging area;
  • the receiving antenna 2 has the parallel imaging function of the clinical magnetic resonance imaging system, which helps to shorten the scanning time and improve the image quality;
  • the antennas 2 are all connected in series with a capacitor and respectively connected to their respective preamplifiers 3.
  • the capacitors are used for impedance matching and enhancing the decoupling performance between antenna channels.
  • the single-channel and small-size integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 1 is used to match the electromagnetic load of the small animal's brain to achieve high transmission efficiency and uniform excitation of the brain.
  • the small integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 1 can realize small-range excitation, so that the imaging range is reduced to reduce the requirements on the performance of the gradient coil.
  • each receiving antenna 2 is 2.5 cm, and the effective coverage diameter of the multiple receiving antennas 2 arranged in a circular array is 5 cm.
  • the resonance frequency of the small animal radio frequency coil is 297.2MHz, which can be used for magnetic resonance imaging machines with a field strength of 7 Tesla or more and low-field magnetic resonance systems without a body transmitting coil.
  • the preamplifier 3 is directly connected with the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna and each receiving antenna, while avoiding the loss of the coaxial line, the space occupied by the coil is reduced through the integrated design, which can be compatible with the body of small animals and load multi-modal imaging devices.
  • the geometrically overlapping overlapping range is determined by the network analyzer measuring the overlapping range when the forward transmission coefficient S21 between channels is less than -15dB.
  • the integrated transmitting and receiving antenna and the receiving antenna can be made of printed circuit boards or copper wires.
  • the working principle of the small animal radio frequency coil provided by the present invention is as follows:
  • the small animal radio frequency coil When used in a magnetic resonance imaging system, it is necessary to place the small animal radio frequency coil plane as parallel as possible to the main magnetic resonance magnetic field direction to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and transmission efficiency. At the same time, the small animal radio frequency coil needs to ensure a preamplifier Orientation is parallel to the main magnetic field direction to minimize the Hall effect.
  • the transmitter-receiver integrated antenna 1 Driven by the 297.2MHz AC voltage, the transmitter-receiver integrated antenna 1 generates an alternating magnetic field with a frequency of 297.2MHz, which excites hydrogen atoms in the imaging object to generate a magnetic resonance signal, which is detected by the receiver integrated antenna 1 and all receiving antennas 2. After the signal is amplified by the preamplifier 3, it is transmitted to the magnetic resonance system to complete magnetic resonance signal acquisition and image reconstruction.

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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈，由单通道的发射接收一体化天线（1）和多个接收天线（2）组成，多个接收天线（2）构成多通道；所有接收天线（2）环形阵列排布在发射接收一体化天线（1）的外周，与发射接收一体化天线（1）几何上重叠，通过产生的互感来增强天线通道间射频解耦；发射接收一体化天线（1）的覆盖范围小于所有接收天线（2）覆盖范围的总和，从而实现小成像区域的信号激发；接收天线（2）具备临床磁共振成像系统的并行成像功能，有助于缩短扫描时间和改善图像质量；发射接收一体化天线（1）和接收天线（2）均串联一电容后分别与各自的前置放大器（3）相连。可以满足针对不同尺寸大小的小动物成像灵活摆放线圈的要求。

Description

用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈 技术领域
本发明涉及超高场磁共振成像系统领域，具体设计一种用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈。
背景技术
磁共振成像的基本原理来自于1946年美国学者Bloch和Purcell的发现，在外磁场的作用下，某些绕主磁场(外磁场)进动的自旋的质子(包括人体中的氢质子)在短暂的射频电波作用下，进动角增大；当射频电波停止后，那些质子又会逐渐恢复到原来的状态，并同时释放与激励波频率相同的射频信号，这一物理现象被称为核磁共振。磁共振成像技术便是利用这一原理，通过在主磁场中附加一个脉冲梯度磁场，选择性地激发所需要位置的人体内的原子核，然后接收原子核产生的磁共振信号，最后在计算机中进行傅立叶变换，对这些信号进行频率编码和相位编码，从而建立一幅完整的磁共振图像。
磁共振成像装置包括射频发射天线以及接收射频天线，射频发射天线用于产生激励质子的射频脉冲，接收射频天线用于接收原子核产生的磁共振信号，接收射频天线可以是发射天线本身也可以是只接收射频信号的独立天线。在磁共振成像系统中，射频发射天线所产生的磁场均匀性好、发射效率高以及接收天线所接收的信号信噪比高是获得高质量图像的关键因素。对于主磁场强度较低的磁共振系统(不高于3特斯拉)，正交激励方式工作的鸟笼发射天线设计可以满足在人体范围内发射磁场均匀性的要求。采用该设计的体发射天线作为常规配置集成于常规场强磁共振系统中，可以满足任何部位的成像需求。使用多通道相控阵接收天线设计可以保证在大的成像范围内实现高信噪比的要求。同时多通道相控阵接收天线可以配合并行成像技术用于加速图像采集，改善图像质量。
但是对于主磁场较高的超高场强磁共振系统(不低于3特斯拉)，正交激励工作方式的鸟笼发射天线设计已无法满足在人体范围内发射磁场均匀性的要求。此外，对于同样的射频线圈，用于超高场强磁共振系统时要求更高的共振频率，会导致低的发射效率和提高单位发射电压的产生的电磁场引起的组织射频特异性吸收率。低的发射效率和高的组织射频特异性吸收率会引起显著的组织发射等安全性问题制约射频线圈的应用可行性。因而市场上现有的超高场磁共振系统不配备体发射天线。针对不同部位和物体的成像线圈都必须定制化设计发射天线。
小动物磁共振成像实验因为可以结合有损伤的神经记录和神经调控等多模态研究手段获 得更精准的神经活动信息，对于开展功能磁共振的信号机理研究，更精细尺度的神经环路机制以及基于因果性方法的神经连接性研究具有不可替代的作用。同时小动物功能磁共振的研究结果可以转化到人脑功能磁共振研究领域，对于开发用于人脑成像的高级无损伤功能磁共振方法具有重要指导作用。但是目前大多数小动物磁共振研究都是在小动物专用磁共振系统上开展的，因为小动物专用磁共振系统与可用于人脑成像的临床磁共振系统无论在硬件配置还是在生产厂商方面都有这巨大差异。因而基于不同磁共振平台的跨物种磁共振研究数据很难进行直接转化。开发用于临床磁共振系统的小动物专用成像射频线圈将使得在同一磁共振系统平台进行跨物种临床转化研究成为可能。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题包括：定制化设计高发射效率并兼顾均匀性的发射天线；通过特殊设计改善临床磁共振系统用于小动物成像时由于梯度系统性能不足导致的成像速度慢，分辨率低和图像质量差的问题；兼容多样化的动物身体并加载多模态成像装置。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈，生物学或医学中使用的小动物如老鼠、兔子等；小动物射频线圈主要由单通道的发射接收一体化天线和多个接收天线组成，所有接收天线环形阵列排布在发射接收一体化天线的外周，与发射接收一体化天线几何上重叠，通过产生的互感来增强通天线道间射频解耦；发射接收一体化天线的覆盖范围小于所有接收天线覆盖范围的总和，从而实现小成像区域的信号激发；接收天线具备临床磁共振成像系统的并行成像功能，有助于缩短扫描时间和改善图像质量；发射接收一体化天线和接收天线均串联一电容后分别与各自的前置放大器相连，电容用于阻抗匹配和增强通道间去耦合性能。
进一步的，每个接收天线有效直径都是2.5厘米，多个接收天线环形阵列排布的有效覆盖直径5厘米。
进一步的，所述几何上重叠的重叠范围通过网络分析仪测定通道间正向传输系数S21小于-15dB时的重叠范围决定。
进一步的，所述发射接收一体化天线和接收天线可以采用印刷电路板或铜质导线制成。
进一步的，小动物射频线圈的共振频率为297.2MHz，可用于磁共振系统场强大于和等于7特斯拉的磁共振成像机器和无体发射线圈的低场强磁共振系统。
本发明的有益效果是：采用单通道小尺寸的发射接收一体化天线1，实现高的发射效率和大脑范围均匀激发，同时使得成像范围缩小以减小对梯度线圈性能的要求。同时多通道相控阵接收天线具备临床磁共振成像系统的并行成像功能，有助于缩短扫描时间和改善图像质量。将前置放大器3直接与发射接收一体化天线、各接收天线连接，高度整合射频线圈设计，缩小 线圈所占空间，可以兼容小动物身体并加载多模态成像装置。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明；
图1是本发明的发射接收一体化天线和多个接收天线的布局图；
图2是本发明的发射接收一体化天线和多个接收天线以及前置放大器的空间布局图；
图中：发射接收一体化天线1、接收天线2、前置放大器3。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图来对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1和图2所示，一种用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈，它主要由单通道的发射接收一体化天线1和多个接收天线2组成，所有接收天线2环形阵列排布在发射接收一体化天线1的外周，与发射接收一体化天线1几何上重叠，通过产生的互感来增强天线通道间射频解耦；发射接收一体化天线1的覆盖范围小于所有接收天线2覆盖范围的总和，从而实现小成像区域的信号激发；接收天线2具备临床磁共振成像系统的并行成像功能，有助于缩短扫描时间和改善图像质量；发射接收一体化天线1和接收天线2均串联一电容后分别与各自的前置放大器3相连，电容用于阻抗匹配和增强天线通道间去耦合性能。
采用单通道小尺寸的发射接收一体化天线1，匹配小动物大脑的电磁负载，实现高的发射效率和大脑范围均匀激发。小的发射接收一体化天线1可以实现小范围激发，使得成像范围缩小以减小对梯度线圈性能的要求。
进一步的，每个接收天线2有效直径都是2.5厘米，多个接收天线2环形阵列排布的有效覆盖直径5厘米。
进一步的，小动物射频线圈的共振频率为297.2MHz，可用于磁共振系统场强大于和等于7特斯拉的磁共振成像机器和没有体发射线圈的低场强磁共振系统。
将前置放大器3直接与发射接收一体化天线、各接收天线连接，在避免同轴线损耗的同时，通过整合式设计缩小线圈所占空间，可以兼容小动物身体并加载多模态成像装置。
几何上重叠的重叠范围通过网络分析仪测定通道间正向传输系数S21小于-15dB时的重叠范围决定。发射接收一体化天线和接收天线可以采用印刷电路板或铜质导线制成。
本发明提供的小动物射频线圈的工作原理如下：
在磁共振成像系统中使用，需要将小动物射频线圈平面摆放位置尽可能平行于磁共振主磁场方向以最大化信噪比和发射效率，同时小动物射频线圈摆放需要确保前置放大器3朝向平行于主磁场方向，以最小化霍尔效应。在297.2MHz交流电压驱动下，发射接收一体化天线1产生频率为297.2MHz的交变磁场，激发成像物体内氢原子产生磁共振信号，该信号被接收一 体化天线1与所有接收天线2检测到，经过前置放大器3进行信号放大，传输给磁共振系统完成磁共振信号采集与图像重建。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈，其特征是：它主要由单通道的发射接收一体化天线和多个接收天线组成，多个接收天线构成多通道；所有接收天线环形阵列排布在发射接收一体化天线的外周，与发射接收一体化天线几何上重叠，通过产生的互感来增强天线通道间射频解耦；发射接收一体化天线的覆盖范围小于所有接收天线覆盖范围的总和，从而实现小成像区域的信号激发；接收天线具备临床磁共振成像系统的并行成像功能，有助于缩短扫描时间和改善图像质量；发射接收一体化天线和接收天线均串联一电容后分别与各自的前置放大器相连，电容用于阻抗匹配和增强天线通道间去耦合性能；
    每个接收天线有效直径都是2.5厘米，多个接收天线环形阵列排布的有效覆盖直径5厘米；
    所述几何上重叠的重叠范围通过网络分析仪测定通道间正向传输系数S21小于-15dB时的重叠范围决定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈，其特征是：所述发射接收一体化天线和接收天线可以采用印刷电路板或铜质导线制成。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的用于临床超高场磁共振成像系统的小动物射频线圈，其特征是：小动物射频线圈的共振频率为297.2MHz，可用于磁共振系统主磁场场强大于和等于7特斯拉的磁共振成像机器和无体发射线圈的低场强磁共振系统。
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