WO2020136508A1 - 二次電池の保護回路及び二次電池モジュール - Google Patents
二次電池の保護回路及び二次電池モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020136508A1 WO2020136508A1 PCT/IB2019/060973 IB2019060973W WO2020136508A1 WO 2020136508 A1 WO2020136508 A1 WO 2020136508A1 IB 2019060973 W IB2019060973 W IB 2019060973W WO 2020136508 A1 WO2020136508 A1 WO 2020136508A1
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- secondary battery
- charging
- circuit
- control transistor
- current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture or composition (composition of matter).
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a lighting device, an electronic device, or a manufacturing method thereof.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a vehicle or a vehicle electronic device provided in the vehicle.
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery protection circuit, a secondary battery charge control method, a secondary battery abnormality detection system, and an electronic device having a secondary battery.
- a power storage device refers to all elements and devices having a power storage function.
- a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion capacitor, an all-solid-state battery, and an electric double layer capacitor are included.
- Lithium-ion secondary batteries which have particularly high output and high energy density, are mobile information terminals such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, or notebook computers, mobile music players, digital cameras, medical devices, or hybrid vehicles (HEV).
- HEV hybrid vehicles
- Next-generation clean energy vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), the demand for which is rapidly expanding with the development of the semiconductor industry. Has become indispensable to a socialized society.
- a protection circuit also referred to as a protection IC
- the protection IC is provided with a circuit for detecting overcharge voltage (Overcharge), overdischarge voltage (Overdischarging), charging overcurrent (Charging Overcurrent), discharge overcurrent (Discharging Overcurrent), short circuit (short), etc. There is.
- the battery pack refers to a plurality of secondary batteries housed in a container (metal can, film exterior body) together with a predetermined circuit in order to facilitate handling of the secondary battery.
- the battery pack is provided with an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) for managing the operating state.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the secondary battery used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle is deteriorated depending on the number of times of charging, the depth of discharge, the charging current, the charging environment (temperature change), and the like.
- the temperature at the time of charging, the frequency of rapid charging, the amount of charge by the regenerative brake, the timing of charging by the regenerative brake, etc. may also be related to the deterioration.
- the secondary battery gradually deteriorates due to repeated use of the secondary battery, it is charged with the same amount of current as before the deterioration.
- CC charging is first performed, and after reaching a predetermined voltage, switching to CV charging is performed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a Coulomb counter including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor in order to measure the capacity of a secondary battery.
- Secondary batteries mounted on portable information terminals and the like have problems such as deterioration prevention, long-time power supply, miniaturization, and low cost.
- the protection IC is mounted with a simple circuit configuration without sufficiently solving these problems.
- the conventional protection IC only detects the overcharge voltage (current) or overdischarge voltage (current) that is uniquely determined, and only controls the passage or interruption of the charging current and discharging current of the battery. Therefore, it is an object of the present specification to provide a control circuit that enables fine voltage and current charge control.
- Another object is to extend the life of the secondary battery by performing charge control in consideration of the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery.
- safety is ensured by detecting abnormalities in the secondary battery, for example, by early detecting a phenomenon that reduces the safety of the secondary battery, warning the user, or changing the charging condition of the secondary battery. Doing is one of the challenges.
- a protection circuit that has at least the function of detecting the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery and the function of adjusting the current flowing through the secondary battery. Since the amount of current during charging can be arbitrarily changed by such a protection circuit, charging can be performed under detailed conditions without significantly increasing the circuit scale.
- the charging control circuit controls a preset current value, and the charging current control circuit (specifically, a circuit including an error amplifier) that the protection circuit has flows to the secondary battery. To decide. That is, the value of the current flowing through the secondary battery is controlled by both the charge control circuit and the charge current control circuit which is a part of the protection circuit.
- the error amplifier is also called an error amplifier and is an operational amplifier that outputs a voltage obtained by amplifying a voltage difference between two input terminals.
- One of the configurations of the invention disclosed in this specification is a protection circuit including a charge control transistor connected in series with a discharge control transistor and an error amplifier, which receives a reference voltage of the error amplifier.
- the input terminal of is a protection circuit electrically connected to the secondary battery, and the second input terminal receiving the feedback signal of the error amplifier is a protection circuit electrically connected to the wiring connecting the resistor and the transistor for discharge control. is there.
- a secondary battery module in which a protection circuit is provided in the secondary battery is also one of the present invention, and its configuration is a secondary battery, an overcharge detection circuit electrically connected to the secondary battery, At least a discharge control circuit electrically connected to the secondary battery, a discharge control transistor electrically connected to the secondary battery, and a charge control transistor connected in series with the transistor.
- the gate of the charge control transistor is connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier, the output terminal of the error amplifier is electrically connected to the overcharge detection circuit, and the gate of the discharge control transistor is overdischarged.
- the first input terminal electrically connected to the detection circuit, having a resistance between the secondary battery and the transistor for discharge control, and receiving the reference voltage of the error amplifier is electrically connected to the secondary battery
- the second input terminal that receives the feedback signal of the error amplifier is a secondary battery module that is electrically connected to the wiring that connects the resistor and the discharge control transistor.
- the charging current value set in the error amplifier is controlled according to the voltage of the DA converter of the main control circuit.
- the main control circuit constitutes a part of the protection circuit, and a microcomputer can be used.
- a Noff-CPU normally off CPU
- a normally-off CPU is an integrated circuit including a normally-off transistor which is in a non-conducting state (also referred to as an off state) even when the gate voltage is 0V.
- a normally-off transistor can be realized by using an oxide semiconductor for a semiconductor layer.
- the protection circuit may further include a comparator, a delay detection logic circuit, an oscillator circuit, a fuel gauge circuit, and a temperature detection calculation circuit.
- the charging control circuit performs CCCV charging using two charging methods, specifically, constant current charging and constant voltage charging, that is, first performs constant current charging, switches at a certain voltage value, and charges by constant voltage charging. To do.
- the charge control circuit also has a function of detecting a voltage of the secondary battery and controlling a power transistor (also referred to as a power MOS) so as not to exceed a certain maximum voltage value to stop charging.
- a power transistor also referred to as a power MOS
- the power MOS is used as a battery disconnection switch.
- the power MOS has not only a battery disconnection switch but also a function of determining a current value flowing in the secondary battery by a charging current control circuit (specifically, a circuit including an error amplifier). Is.
- silicon is mainly used as a power device such as a power MOS, and an N-channel MOSFET or a P-channel MOSFET may be formed, and SiC or GaN can be used as another material.
- an oxide semiconductor material containing In, Ga, or Zn can be used.
- the current value flowing in the secondary battery can be analog-controlled.
- a circuit for charge control having a memory circuit including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor or a battery control system may be referred to as a BTOS (Battery operating system or Battery oxide semiconductor).
- BTOS Battery operating system or Battery oxide semiconductor
- the charge control circuit it is possible to set a predetermined threshold current and detect a sudden abnormality, specifically, a micro short circuit or the like based on the detected current value.
- a micro short circuit occurs, the internal resistance becomes low, so that the amount of current flowing through a healthy secondary battery becomes relatively small, and a large amount of current flows through the abnormal secondary battery, which is dangerous.
- the current is kept at a controlled value, and the current value can be monitored.
- the abnormality of the secondary battery can be detected early by detecting a micro short circuit or the like.
- Micro short-circuit refers to a minute short circuit inside the secondary battery, and it is not such that the positive and negative electrodes of the secondary battery short-circuit and cannot be charged and discharged. This is a phenomenon in which short-circuit current flows for a short period of time.
- the cause of the micro short circuit is that deterioration occurs due to multiple charging/discharging, metal elements such as lithium and cobalt are deposited inside the battery, and the deposit grows, causing a part of the positive electrode and one of the negative electrodes. It is presumed that local concentration of electric current occurs at a part, a part of the separator does not function, or a side reaction product is generated.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of a charging curve in which a micro short circuit is suggested during charging.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 14 represents the charging capacity Cb of the secondary battery, and the vertical axis represents the voltage Vb of the secondary battery.
- a micro short circuit is suggested in a region surrounded by a broken line in a circle.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a circuit diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 3C are diagrams illustrating a method of charging a secondary battery.
- FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C are diagrams illustrating a method of charging a secondary battery.
- 5A and 5B are a charge curve of the secondary battery and a discharge curve of the secondary battery.
- 6A, 6B, and 6C are diagrams illustrating a coin-type secondary battery.
- 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D are views for explaining a cylindrical secondary battery.
- 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating an example of a secondary battery.
- 9A, 9B, and 9C are diagrams illustrating an example of a secondary battery.
- 10A, 10B, and 10C are diagrams illustrating a laminate-type secondary battery.
- 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating a laminate type secondary battery.
- 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and 12E are diagrams illustrating an example of a small electronic device and a vehicle including the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention.
- 13A, 13B, and 13C are diagrams illustrating an example of a vehicle and a house including the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a charging curve.
- protection circuit 13 is electrically connected to a secondary battery as one protection IC.
- An example in which a secondary battery module in which a protection IC is mounted on a secondary battery is installed as a main power source in a mobile information terminal or the like will be shown.
- a charging control circuit is connected to the secondary battery, and the charging control circuit has a function of detecting the voltage of the secondary battery and controlling the power MOS 12 so as not to exceed a certain maximum voltage value to stop charging. There is.
- the power MOS 12 is composed of two transistors, and a charge control transistor and a discharge control transistor are connected in series.
- the power MOS 12 and the protection circuit 13 are separate ICs.
- the overcharge detection circuit 15 and the gate of the charge control transistor are electrically connected, and when overcharge is detected, the current is cut off by applying a gate voltage that turns off the charge control transistor. To do.
- the overdischarge detection circuit 17 and the gate of the discharge control transistor are electrically connected, and when overdischarge is detected, a current is applied by applying a gate voltage for turning off the discharge control transistor. Shut off.
- the main control circuit 16 can be said to be a circuit of a mounting board on which a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, an AD converter, a DA converter and the like is mounted.
- the main control circuit 16 can estimate the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery during charging.
- a normally-off CPU is used as the main control circuit 16, the use of electric power can be minimized by turning it off while not charging.
- the main control circuit 16 can monitor the current, voltage, temperature, and the like of the secondary battery, and can estimate the degree of deterioration of the battery using a battery model and the like.
- a regression model for example, a Kalman filter is used to estimate the internal state of the battery (internal resistance, SOC, etc.), the degree of deterioration of the battery is estimated from the estimated internal resistance value, and the degradation degree and the internal state (internal resistance, A charging current value according to SOC, temperature, etc.) is calculated, and the value is set in the charging current control circuit 18.
- the Kalman filter is a kind of infinite impulse response filter. Further, the multiple regression analysis is one of the multivariate analysis, and the independent variable of the regression analysis is plural. As the multiple regression analysis, there is a least squares method. While many time series of observed values are required for regression analysis, the Kalman filter has an advantage that an optimum correction coefficient can be sequentially obtained if only a certain amount of data is accumulated. The Kalman filter can also be applied to non-stationary time series.
- a nonlinear Kalman filter (specifically, an unscented Kalman filter (also referred to as UKF)) can be used as a method for estimating the internal resistance and the state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery.
- an extended Kalman filter also called EKF
- EKF extended Kalman filter
- the Kalman filter can be used to estimate the internal resistance and SOC of the secondary battery.
- the post-state estimation value may be treated as an output.
- the charging current control circuit 18 is not particularly limited, but an error amplifier or the like can be used.
- the reference voltage Vref input to the non-inverting terminal and the feedback voltage Vfb input to the inverting terminal are input to the error amplifier.
- the power supply voltage Vdd of the error amplifier is generated by, for example, the CPU of the main control circuit 16.
- the charging current control circuit 18 is connected to one of the transistors of the power MOS 12, that is, the gate of the charging control circuit transistor, and adjusts the gate voltage applied to the gate to adjust the amount of current flowing in the secondary battery. can do.
- the control method for adjusting the amount of current flowing through the secondary battery using the power MOS 12 in this way is also called analog control of the power MOS 12.
- the automatic control referred to here means automatic control without using software prestored or downloaded in the main memory of the portable information terminal or a flash memory.
- the automatic control it is necessary to secure the memory capacity etc. for starting the software, so the function of the mobile information terminal is pressed and used while charging the mobile information terminal. There is a possibility that the processing speed when a person performs other work is reduced.
- a flash memory there is a risk that power consumption will increase in order to maintain the write data value by rewriting the data in the flash memory according to the deterioration of the secondary battery.
- the charging control circuit 14 may be mounted on the main board or may be separately provided as an IC or a microcomputer.
- the charge control circuit 14 is designed to charge under a predetermined charging condition according to the charge/discharge characteristics of the secondary battery to be connected. Even if the secondary battery deteriorates, the charging condition is controlled by the system including the protection circuit 13 without changing the charging control circuit 14.
- the charging current can be controlled according to the deterioration.
- the power MOS 12 can be one protection IC mounted on the same substrate as the protection circuit 13. Further, a hybrid IC manufactured by using an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor layer of the power MOS 12 on the Si LSI and laminated or mixed may be used as the protection IC.
- the resistor 11 can also be mounted on one protection IC mounted on the same substrate as the protection circuit 13.
- the protection circuit shown in FIG. 2 has a VC terminal and a VSS terminal.
- the VC terminal is electrically connected to one terminal of the secondary battery, and is connected to the overcharge detection circuit 25 and the overdischarge detection circuit 27.
- the overcharge detection circuit 25 includes at least a hysteresis comparator and a transistor whose output terminal is electrically connected to the gate.
- the over-discharge detection circuit 27 is configured to include at least a hysteresis comparator.
- the hysteresis comparator is a circuit characterized by having two threshold values for potential comparison.
- a power MOS 22 and a resistor 21 are connected in series to the VSS terminal and electrically connected to the other terminal of the secondary battery.
- the charging current control circuit is composed of the error amplifier 28.
- the error amplifier 28 receives the reference voltage Vref input to the non-inverting terminal and the feedback voltage Vfb input to the inverting terminal.
- the power supply voltage Vdd of the error amplifier 28 is generated by, for example, the CPU of the main control circuit 26. Further, the output of the error amplifier 28 is connected to the gate of the charge control transistor of the power MOS 22.
- the main control circuit 26 is composed of a CPU, a memory (RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM, flash memory, etc.), an AD converter and a DA converter.
- the AD converter measures the voltage, current and temperature of the battery, and the CPU At, the degree of deterioration of the battery is estimated (calculated), and the charging current value according to the degree of deterioration and the internal state (internal resistance, SOC, temperature, etc.) is calculated.
- the main control circuit 26 may be a single IC chip integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a PMU (Power Management Unit) or the like instead of the CPU. Further, the main control circuit 26 may be an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) device.
- the main control circuit 26 controls the error amplifier 28 so that the charging current does not exceed the set current value.
- the error amplifier 28 controls the charging current according to the output voltage of the DA converter of the main control circuit 26.
- the charging current can be controlled according to the deterioration.
- the charge control circuit connected to the terminal VC or the terminal VSS charges the secondary battery when the current is about to exceed the current value set by the main control circuit 26.
- the current control circuit error amplifier 28
- the current converges on the set value, the voltage rises sharply, and the charging control circuit enters the CV charging mode.
- the CV charging is performed before the voltage is switched from CC charging to CV charging, which is referred to as a CV charging mode.
- the protection circuit side can be arbitrarily changed, so that intermittent charging is also possible.
- Charging/discharging of the secondary battery can be performed as follows, for example.
- CC charging is a charging method in which a constant current is supplied to the secondary battery during the entire charging period and charging is stopped when a predetermined voltage is reached.
- the secondary battery is assumed to be an equivalent circuit of the internal resistance R and the secondary battery capacity C as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the secondary battery voltage V B is the sum of the voltage V C applied to the voltage V R and the secondary battery capacity C according to the internal resistance R.
- the switch is turned on and a constant current I flows through the secondary battery.
- the voltage V C applied to the secondary battery capacity C increases with the passage of time. Therefore, the secondary battery voltage V B increases with the passage of time.
- FIG. 3C An example of the secondary battery voltage V B and the charging current during the CC charging and after the CC charging is stopped is shown in FIG. 3C. It is shown that the secondary battery voltage V B , which has been increased during CC charging, is slightly decreased after the CC charging is stopped.
- the CCCV charging is a charging method in which the CC charging is first performed to a predetermined voltage, and then the CV charging is performed until the current flowing decreases, specifically, until the final current value is reached.
- the switch of the constant current power supply is turned on and the switch of the constant voltage power supply is turned off, and a constant current I flows through the secondary battery.
- the voltage V C applied to the secondary battery capacity C increases with the passage of time. Therefore, the secondary battery voltage V B increases with the passage of time.
- the CC charging is switched to the CV charging.
- a predetermined voltage for example, 4.3 V
- the switch of the constant voltage power supply is turned on and the switch of the constant current power supply is turned off, and the secondary battery voltage V B becomes constant.
- the charging is stopped.
- a predetermined current for example, a current equivalent to 0.01 C
- the charging is stopped.
- the voltage V R applied to the internal resistance R by CV charging is sufficiently small, even run out of the voltage drop at the internal resistance R, the secondary battery voltage V B is hardly lowered.
- FIG. 5A An example of the secondary battery voltage V B and the charging current during the CCCV charging and after the CCCV charging is stopped is shown in FIG. 5A. It is shown that the secondary battery voltage V B hardly drops even when the CCCV charging is stopped.
- CC discharge which is one of the discharging methods, will be described.
- CC discharge is a discharge method in which a constant current is supplied from the secondary battery during the entire discharge period and the discharge is stopped when the secondary battery voltage V B reaches a predetermined voltage, for example, 2.5V.
- FIG. 5B An example of the secondary battery voltage V B and the discharge current during CC discharge is shown in FIG. 5B. It is shown that the secondary battery voltage V B drops as the discharge progresses.
- the discharge rate is the relative ratio of the current at the time of discharge to the battery capacity, and is expressed in the unit C.
- the current corresponding to 1C is X(A).
- the current corresponding to 1C is X(A).
- 2X(A) When it is discharged with a current of 2X(A), it is said to be discharged at 2C, and when it is discharged with a current of X/5(A), it is said to be discharged at 0.2C.
- the charging rate is also the same. When charging with a current of 2X(A), it is said to be charged with 2C, and when charging with a current of X/5(A), it is charged with 0.2C. It was said.
- This embodiment mode can be freely combined with Embodiment Mode 1.
- FIG. 6A is an external view of a coin-type (single-layer flat type) secondary battery
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view thereof.
- a positive electrode can 301 also serving as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode can 302 also serving as a negative electrode terminal are insulated and sealed with a gasket 303 made of polypropylene or the like.
- the positive electrode 304 is formed of a positive electrode current collector 305 and a positive electrode active material layer 306 provided so as to be in contact with the positive electrode current collector 305.
- the negative electrode 307 is formed of the negative electrode current collector 308 and the negative electrode active material layer 309 provided so as to be in contact with the negative electrode current collector 308.
- the positive electrode 304 and the negative electrode 307 used in the coin-type secondary battery 300 may have active material layers formed on only one surface.
- the positive electrode can 301 and the negative electrode can 302 it is possible to use a metal such as nickel, aluminum, or titanium having corrosion resistance to an electrolytic solution, or an alloy thereof or an alloy of these and another metal (for example, stainless steel). it can. Further, in order to prevent corrosion by the electrolytic solution, it is preferable to coat with nickel, aluminum or the like.
- the positive electrode can 301 and the negative electrode can 302 are electrically connected to the positive electrode 304 and the negative electrode 307, respectively.
- An electrolyte is impregnated with the negative electrode 307, the positive electrode 304, and the separator 310, and as shown in FIG. 6B, the positive electrode can 301 is placed downward, and the positive electrode 304, the separator 310, the negative electrode 307, and the negative electrode can 302 are laminated in this order.
- the coin-shaped secondary battery 300 is manufactured by pressure-bonding 301 and the negative electrode can 302 via the gasket 303.
- the flow of current when the secondary battery is charged will be described with reference to FIG. 6C.
- the secondary battery using lithium is regarded as one closed circuit, the movement of lithium ions and the current flow are in the same direction.
- an anode (anode) and a cathode (cathode) are exchanged by charging and discharging, and an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction are exchanged. Therefore, an electrode having a high reaction potential is called a positive electrode, An electrode having a low reaction potential is called a negative electrode. Therefore, in the present specification, the positive electrode is a “positive electrode” or a “positive electrode”, whether it is charging, discharging, flowing a reverse pulse current, or flowing a charging current.
- the positive electrode will be referred to as a "positive electrode” and the negative electrode will be referred to as a "negative electrode” or a “negative electrode”.
- anode (anode) and cathode (cathode) related to the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction are used, the charging time and the discharging time are reversed, which may cause confusion. Therefore, the terms anode (anode) and cathode (cathode) will not be used herein. If the terms anode (anode) and cathode (cathode) are used, indicate whether they are charging or discharging and also indicate whether they correspond to the positive electrode (positive electrode) or the negative electrode (negative electrode). To do.
- a charger is connected to the two terminals shown in FIG. 6C to charge the secondary battery 300. As the charging of the secondary battery 300 progresses, the potential difference between the electrodes increases.
- the cylindrical secondary battery 600 has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) 601 on the upper surface and battery cans (exterior cans) 602 on the side and bottom surfaces.
- the positive electrode cap and the battery can (outer can) 602 are insulated by a gasket (insulating packing) 610.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a cylindrical secondary battery.
- a battery element in which a strip-shaped positive electrode 604 and a negative electrode 606 are wound with a separator 605 sandwiched therebetween is provided.
- the battery element is wound around the center pin.
- the battery can 602 has one end closed and the other end open.
- a metal such as nickel, aluminum, or titanium having corrosion resistance to an electrolytic solution, an alloy thereof, or an alloy of these and another metal (for example, stainless steel) can be used. .. Further, in order to prevent corrosion by the electrolytic solution, it is preferable to coat with nickel, aluminum or the like.
- the battery element in which the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are wound is sandwiched by a pair of opposing insulating plates 608 and 609.
- a non-aqueous electrolytic solution (not shown) is injected into the battery can 602 provided with the battery element.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte the same one as the coin type secondary battery can be used.
- a positive electrode terminal (positive electrode current collecting lead) 603 is connected to the positive electrode 604, and a negative electrode terminal (negative electrode current collecting lead) 607 is connected to the negative electrode 606. Both the positive electrode terminal 603 and the negative electrode terminal 607 can use a metal material such as aluminum.
- the positive electrode terminal 603 is resistance-welded to the safety valve mechanism 612, and the negative electrode terminal 607 is resistance-welded to the bottom of the battery can 602.
- the safety valve mechanism 612 is electrically connected to the positive electrode cap 601 via a PTC element (Positive Temperature Coefficient) 611.
- the safety valve mechanism 612 disconnects the electrical connection between the positive electrode cap 601 and the positive electrode 604 when the increase in the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- the PTC element 611 is a PTC element whose resistance increases when the temperature rises, and limits the amount of current by increasing the resistance to prevent abnormal heat generation. Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) based semiconductor ceramics or the like can be used for the PTC element.
- a plurality of secondary batteries 600 may be sandwiched between conductive plates 613 and 614 to form a module 615.
- the plurality of secondary batteries 600 may be connected in parallel, may be connected in series, or may be connected in parallel and then further connected in series.
- FIG. 7D is a top view of module 615.
- the conductive plate 613 is shown by a dotted line for the sake of clarity.
- the module 615 may include a conductive wire 616 that electrically connects the plurality of secondary batteries 600.
- a conductive plate may be provided so as to overlap with the conductive wire 616.
- the temperature control device 617 may be provided between the plurality of secondary batteries 600. When the secondary battery 600 is overheated, it can be cooled by the temperature control device 617, and when the secondary battery 600 is too cold, it can be heated by the temperature control device 617. Therefore, the performance of the module 615 is less likely to be affected by the outside temperature.
- the heat medium included in the temperature control device 617 preferably has an insulating property and a nonflammable property.
- the secondary battery includes a circuit board 900 and a secondary battery 913.
- a label 910 is attached to the secondary battery 913.
- the secondary battery has a terminal 951, a terminal 952, an antenna 914, and an antenna 915.
- the circuit board 900 has a terminal 911 and a circuit 912.
- the terminal 911 is connected to the terminal 951, the terminal 952, the antenna 914, the antenna 915, and the circuit 912.
- a plurality of terminals 911 may be provided and each of the plurality of terminals 911 may serve as a control signal input terminal, a power supply terminal, a temperature detection terminal (also referred to as a T terminal), or the like.
- the circuit 912 is a protection circuit including an overcharge detection circuit, an overdischarge detection circuit, a power MOS, or the like.
- the circuit board 900 on which the protection circuit is mounted may be provided with a diode, a resistor, a thermistor (such as a temperature sensor), or the like.
- the circuit 912 is designed to detect the resistance value of the thermistor which changes with temperature and stop charging when the resistance value exceeds a threshold value (charging temperature range).
- the circuit 912 may be provided on the back surface of the circuit board 900.
- the antennas 914 and 915 are not limited to the coil shape, and may have a linear shape or a plate shape, for example. Further, an antenna such as a planar antenna, an aperture antenna, a traveling wave antenna, an EH antenna, a magnetic field antenna, or a dielectric antenna may be used.
- the antenna 914 or the antenna 915 may be a flat conductor. This plate-shaped conductor can function as one of the electric field coupling conductors. That is, the antenna 914 or the antenna 915 may function as one of the two conductors included in the capacitor. As a result, not only the electromagnetic field and the magnetic field but also the electric field can be used to exchange electric power.
- the line width of the antenna 914 is preferably larger than the line width of the antenna 915. Accordingly, the amount of power received by the antenna 914 can be increased.
- the secondary battery has a layer 916 between the antenna 914 and the antenna 915 and the secondary battery 913.
- the layer 916 has a function of preventing the influence of the secondary battery 913 on the electromagnetic field, for example.
- a magnetic substance can be used as the layer 916.
- the structure of the secondary battery is not limited to that shown in FIG.
- the laminated secondary battery 980 will be described with reference to FIG. 9.
- the laminate type secondary battery 980 has a wound body 993 shown in FIG. 9A.
- the wound body 993 includes a negative electrode 994, a positive electrode 995, and a separator 996.
- the wound body 993 is obtained by stacking a negative electrode 994 and a positive electrode 995 so as to overlap each other with a separator 996 interposed therebetween, and winding the laminated sheet.
- the wound body 993 described above is housed in a space formed by bonding a film 981 serving as an outer package and a film 982 having a recess by thermocompression bonding or the like.
- the secondary battery 980 can be manufactured.
- the wound body 993 has a lead electrode 997 and a lead electrode 998, and is impregnated with the electrolytic solution inside the film 981 and the film 982 having a recess.
- a metal material such as aluminum or a resin material can be used, for example.
- a resin material is used as a material for the film 981 and the film 982 having a depression, the film 981 and the film 982 having a depression can be deformed when external force is applied, so that a flexible storage battery is manufactured. be able to.
- FIGS. 9B and 9C show an example in which two films are used for sealing, but a space is formed by bending one film, and the above-described wound body 993 is formed in the space. May be stored.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the example of the secondary battery 980 having the wound body in the space formed by the film serving as the outer package, for example, in the space formed by the film serving as the outer package, as illustrated in FIG.
- a secondary battery having a plurality of positive electrodes, separators and negative electrodes may be used.
- FIG. 10A shows a positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector 701 and a positive electrode active material layer 702 which are L-shaped.
- the positive electrode has a region where the positive electrode current collector 701 is partially exposed (hereinafter referred to as a tab region).
- FIG. 10B illustrates a negative electrode including the negative electrode current collector 704 and the negative electrode active material layer 705 which are L-shaped. The negative electrode has a region where the negative electrode current collector 704 is partially exposed, that is, a tab region.
- FIG. 10C shows a perspective view in which four layers of the positive electrode 703 and four layers of the negative electrode 706 are laminated. Note that in FIG. 10C, a separator provided between the positive electrode 703 and the negative electrode 706 is illustrated by a dotted line for simplicity.
- the laminated secondary battery illustrated in FIG. 11A includes a positive electrode 703 having an L-shaped positive electrode current collector 701 and a positive electrode active material layer 702, and an L-shaped negative electrode current collector 704 and a negative electrode active material layer 705. It has a negative electrode 706, a separator 707, an electrolytic solution 708, and an outer package 709. A separator 707 is provided between a positive electrode 703 and a negative electrode 706 provided inside the outer package 709. Further, the inside of the exterior body 709 is filled with the electrolytic solution 708.
- the positive electrode current collector 701 and the negative electrode current collector 704 also serve as terminals for making electrical contact with the outside. Therefore, a part of the positive electrode current collector 701 and the negative electrode current collector 704 may be arranged so as to be exposed to the outside from the outer package 709. Further, the positive electrode current collector 701 and the negative electrode current collector 704 are not exposed to the outside from the outer package 709, and a lead electrode is used to ultrasonically bond the lead electrode to the positive electrode current collector 701 or the negative electrode current collector 704. Alternatively, the lead electrode may be exposed to the outside.
- the outer package 709 is made of, for example, a film made of a material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ionomer, and polyamide, and a metal thin film having excellent flexibility such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, nickel. It is possible to use a laminate film having a three-layer structure in which an insulating synthetic resin film such as a polyamide resin or a polyester resin is further provided on the metal thin film as the outer surface of the exterior body.
- FIG. 11B shows an example of a cross-sectional structure of the laminated secondary battery. Although omitted in FIG. 11A for simplification, it is actually composed of a plurality of electrode layers.
- the number of electrode layers is 16 as an example.
- FIG. 11B shows a structure in which the negative electrode current collector 704 has eight layers and the positive electrode current collector 701 has eight layers, for a total of 16 layers. Note that FIG. 11B shows a cross section of the positive electrode takeout portion taken along the chain line in FIG. 11A, in which eight layers of negative electrode current collector 704 are ultrasonically bonded.
- the number of electrode layers is not limited to 16, and may be large or small. When the number of electrode layers is large, the secondary battery can have a larger capacity. Further, when the number of electrode layers is small, the thickness can be reduced.
- the secondary battery module has at least a secondary battery and a protection circuit.
- FIG. 12A shows an example of a mobile phone.
- the mobile phone 2100 includes a display portion 2102 incorporated in a housing 2101, an operation button 2103, an external connection port 2104, a speaker 2105, a microphone 2106, and the like.
- the mobile phone 2100 has a secondary battery module 2107.
- the mobile phone 2100 can execute various applications such as a mobile phone, electronic mail, text browsing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the operation button 2103 can have various functions such as power on/off operation, wireless communication on/off operation, manner mode execution/cancellation, and power saving mode execution/cancellation in addition to time setting. ..
- the function of the operation button 2103 can be freely set by the operating system incorporated in the mobile phone 2100.
- the mobile phone 2100 is capable of executing near field communication that is a communication standard. For example, by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, it is possible to talk hands-free.
- the mobile phone 2100 has an external connection port 2104, and can directly exchange data with another information terminal through a connector. It is also possible to charge via the external connection port 2104. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power feeding without using the external connection port 2104.
- the mobile phone 2100 preferably has a sensor.
- a human body sensor such as a fingerprint sensor, a pulse sensor, a body temperature sensor, a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, or the like is preferably mounted as the sensor.
- FIG. 12B is a perspective view of a device also called a cigarette-containing smoking device (electronic cigarette).
- the electronic cigarette 2200 includes a heating element 2201 and a secondary battery module 2204 that supplies power to the heating element 2201.
- a protection circuit for preventing overcharge or overdischarge of the secondary battery module 2204 may be electrically connected to the secondary battery module 2204.
- the secondary battery module 2204 shown in FIG. 12B has an external terminal so that it can be connected to a charging device. Since the secondary battery module 2204 becomes the tip portion when held, it is desirable that the total length is short and the weight is light. Since the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention has high safety, a small and lightweight electronic cigarette 2200 that can be safely used for a long period of time can be provided.
- FIG. 12C is an unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 having a plurality of rotors 2302.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 includes a secondary battery module 2301 which is one embodiment of the present invention, a camera 2303, and an antenna (not illustrated).
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 can be remotely controlled via an antenna. Since the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention has high safety, it can be safely used for a long time for a long time and is suitable as a secondary battery module to be mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300.
- FIG. 12D shows an electric motorcycle 2400 using the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric motorcycle 2400 includes a secondary battery module 2401, which is one embodiment of the present invention, a display portion 2402, and a handle 2403.
- the secondary battery module 2401 can supply electricity to a motor that serves as a power source.
- the display unit 2402 can display the remaining amount of the secondary battery module 2401, the speed of the electric motorcycle 2400, the horizontal state, and the like.
- FIG. 12E is an example of an electric bicycle using the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric bicycle 2500 includes a battery pack 2502.
- the battery pack 2502 includes the secondary battery module of one embodiment of the present invention.
- Electricity can be supplied to the battery pack 2502 and the motor that assists the driver. Further, the battery pack 2502 can be removed from the electric bicycle 2500 and carried. Further, the battery pack 2502 and the electric bicycle 2500 may have a display portion capable of displaying the remaining battery level and the like.
- a secondary battery module 2602 having a plurality of secondary batteries 2601 of one embodiment of the present invention is used as a hybrid vehicle (HEV), an electric vehicle (EV), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), or the like. It may be mounted on an electronic device.
- HEV hybrid vehicle
- EV electric vehicle
- PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicle
- FIG. 13B shows an example of a vehicle equipped with the secondary battery module 2602.
- Vehicle 2603 is an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor as a power source for traveling. Alternatively, it is a hybrid vehicle in which an electric motor and an engine can be appropriately selected and used as a power source for traveling.
- a vehicle 2603 that uses an electric motor has a plurality of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) and performs engine control and the like by the ECUs.
- the ECU includes a microcomputer.
- the ECU is connected to a CAN (Controller Area Network) provided in the electric vehicle.
- CAN is one of serial communication standards used as an in-vehicle LAN.
- the secondary battery can not only drive an electric motor (not shown), but can also supply power to a light emitting device such as a headlight or a room light. Further, the secondary battery can supply power to a display device such as a speedometer, a tachometer, or a navigation system and a semiconductor device included in the vehicle 2603.
- a display device such as a speedometer, a tachometer, or a navigation system and a semiconductor device included in the vehicle 2603.
- the vehicle 2603 can be charged by receiving power from an external charging facility in a secondary battery included in the secondary battery module 2602 by a plug-in method, a contactless power feeding method, or the like.
- FIG. 13C shows a state in which the vehicle 2603 is being charged via the cable from the ground-installed charging device 2604.
- the charging method, the standard of the connector, etc. may be appropriately performed by a predetermined method such as CHAdeMO (registered trademark) or a combo.
- the secondary battery module 2602 mounted on the vehicle 2603 can be charged by external power supply.
- Charging can be performed by converting AC power into DC power via a converter such as an ACDC converter.
- the charging device 2604 may be provided in the house as shown in FIG. 13C, or may be a charging station provided in a commercial facility.
- the power receiving device may be mounted on a vehicle, and electric power may be supplied from the power transmitting device on the ground in a contactless manner for charging.
- this non-contact power feeding method by incorporating a power transmission device on a road or an outer wall, charging can be performed not only when the vehicle is stopped but also when the vehicle is running. Moreover, you may transmit and receive electric power between vehicles using this non-contact electric power feeding system.
- a solar cell may be provided on the exterior of the vehicle to charge the secondary battery when the vehicle is stopped or running.
- an electromagnetic induction method or a magnetic field resonance method can be used.
- the house illustrated in FIG. 13C includes a power storage system 2612 including a secondary battery module which is one embodiment of the present invention and a solar panel 2610.
- the power storage system 2612 is electrically connected to the solar panel 2610 via a wiring 2611 and the like. Further, the power storage system 2612 and the ground-installed charging device 2604 may be electrically connected. The electric power obtained from the solar panel 2610 can be charged into the power storage system 2612. Further, the electric power stored in the power storage system 2612 can be charged into the secondary battery module 2602 included in the vehicle 2603 through the charging device 2604.
- the electric power stored in the power storage system 2612 can also supply electric power to other electronic devices in the house. Therefore, even when power cannot be supplied from a commercial power source due to a power failure or the like, by using the power storage system 2612 of one embodiment of the present invention as an uninterruptible power source, electronic devices can be used.
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Abstract
Description
図2は本発明の一態様を示す回路図の一例である。
図3A、図3B、図3Cは二次電池の充電方法を説明する図である。
図4A、図4B、図4Cは二次電池の充電方法を説明する図である。
図5A、図5Bは二次電池の充電カーブおよび二次電池の放電カーブである。
図6A、図6B、図6Cはコイン型二次電池を説明する図である。
図7A、図7B、図7C、図7Dは円筒型二次電池を説明する図である。
図8A、図8Bは二次電池の例を説明する図である。
図9A、図9B、図9Cは二次電池の例を説明する図である。
図10A、図10B、図10Cはラミネート型の二次電池を説明する図である。
図11A、図11Bはラミネート型の二次電池を説明する図である。
図12A、図12B、図12C、図12D、図12Eは本発明の一態様の二次電池モジュールを有する小型電子機器および車両の例を説明する図である。
図13A、図13B、図13Cは本発明の一態様の二次電池モジュールを有する車両および住宅の例を説明する図である。
図14は充電カーブを説明する図である。
図1を参照して本実施の形態にかかる保護回路13について説明する。
本実施の形態では、保護回路の一例を図2に示す。
二次電池の充放電は、例えば下記のように行うことができる。
コイン型の二次電池の一例について説明する。図6Aはコイン型(単層偏平型)の二次電池の外観図であり、図6Bは、その断面図である。
次に円筒型の二次電池の例について図7を参照して説明する。円筒型の二次電池600は、図7Aに示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)601を有し、側面および底面に電池缶(外装缶)602を有している。これら正極キャップと電池缶(外装缶)602とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)610によって絶縁されている。
二次電池の別の構造例について、図8、及び図9を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、図12および図13を用いて、先の実施の形態で説明した二次電池モジュールを電子機器に実装する例について説明する。なお、二次電池モジュールは、少なくとも二次電池と保護回路を有している。
Claims (7)
- 二次電池と、
前記二次電池と電気的に接続された過充電検知回路と、
前記二次電池と電気的に接続された過放電検知回路と、
前記二次電池と電気的に接続された放電制御用のトランジスタと、
該トランジスタと直列に接続された充電制御用のトランジスタと、を少なくとも有し、
前記充電制御用のトランジスタのゲートは、エラーアンプの出力端子と接続され、
前記エラーアンプの出力端子は、前記過充電検知回路と電気的に接続され、
前記放電制御用のトランジスタのゲートは、前記過放電検知回路と電気的に接続され、
前記二次電池と前記放電制御用のトランジスタの間に抵抗を有し、
前記エラーアンプの基準電圧を受ける第1の入力端子は、前記二次電池と電気的に接続され、
前記エラーアンプの帰還信号を受ける第2の入力端子は、前記抵抗と前記放電制御用のトランジスタとを結ぶ配線と電気的に接続される二次電池モジュール。 - 請求項1において、エラーアンプに設定される充電電流値は、主制御回路のDAコンバータの出力電圧に応じて制御される二次電池モジュール。
- 放電制御用のトランジスタと、
前記放電制御用のトランジスタと直列に接続された充電制御用のトランジスタと、
エラーアンプを有する保護回路であり、
前記エラーアンプの基準電圧を受ける第1の入力端子は、二次電池と電気的に接続され、
前記エラーアンプの帰還信号を受ける第2の入力端子は、抵抗と前記放電制御用のトランジスタとを結ぶ配線と電気的に接続される二次電池の保護回路。 - 請求項3において、前記保護回路は、さらに過放電検知回路を有し、
前記過放電検知回路は、前記放電制御用のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続する二次電池の保護回路。 - 請求項3または請求項4において、前記保護回路は、さらに過充電検知回路を有し、
前記過充電検知回路は、前記充電制御用のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続する二次電池の保護回路。 - 請求項3乃至5のいずれか一において、前記放電制御用のトランジスタの半導体層及び前記充電制御用のトランジスタの半導体層はシリコンである二次電池の保護回路。
- 請求項3乃至5のいずれか一において、前記放電制御用のトランジスタの半導体層及び前記充電制御用のトランジスタの半導体層は酸化物半導体である二次電池の保護回路。
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US11957876B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2024-04-16 | Beta Bionics, Inc. | Glucose control system with automated backup therapy protocol generation |
WO2021011697A1 (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | Beta Bionics, Inc. | Blood glucose control system |
JP7191873B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-12-19 | 株式会社東芝 | 充放電制御装置、充放電システム、充放電制御方法及び充放電制御プログラム |
US11278661B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2022-03-22 | Beta Bionics, Inc. | Infusion system and components thereof |
USD1032624S1 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2024-06-25 | Beta Bionics, Inc. | Display screen with animated graphical user interface |
USD1032623S1 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2024-06-25 | Beta Bionics, Inc. | Display screen with animated graphical user interface |
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