WO2020135364A1 - 内窥镜的弯曲部及内窥镜 - Google Patents

内窥镜的弯曲部及内窥镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020135364A1
WO2020135364A1 PCT/CN2019/127632 CN2019127632W WO2020135364A1 WO 2020135364 A1 WO2020135364 A1 WO 2020135364A1 CN 2019127632 W CN2019127632 W CN 2019127632W WO 2020135364 A1 WO2020135364 A1 WO 2020135364A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bending
groove
protrusion
endoscope according
endoscope
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/127632
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李奕
刘红宇
杨俊风
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深圳市先赞科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市先赞科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市先赞科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020135364A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020135364A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0057—Constructional details of force transmission elements, e.g. control wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/008—Articulations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2476—Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an endoscope component, in particular to a curved part of an endoscope and an endoscope.
  • Endoscope is a very widely used medical and industrial detection instrument.
  • the bending part is achieved by bending multiple snake bone joints connected to each other by a steel wire rope. Adjacent snake bone joints are connected by rivets to form hinges, thereby achieving relative rotation.
  • a snake bone joint without rivets is developed and produced, and two adjacent snake bone joints are not riveted by rivets.
  • the connection strength between two adjacent snake bone joints is weak.
  • the joint between two adjacent snake bone joints is easily deformed or displaced, resulting in the relative rotation between the two adjacent snake bone joints, which affects the normal use of the endoscope.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a bending portion and an endoscope of an endoscope capable of maintaining stable connection between two bending blocks.
  • a bending part of an endoscope includes a plurality of bending blocks connected in sequence, two adjacent bending blocks are connected by a connecting part, and the connecting part includes a groove and a protrusion, and the protrusion can be rotatably received In the groove, the end faces of the bending block are respectively provided with abutting surfaces on both sides of the connecting portion, the protrusion rotates relatively to the maximum angle in the groove, and the two adjacent bends The abutment surfaces of the blocks abut, so that the two bending blocks are at the maximum bending angle and enter the locked state;
  • Locking parts are also provided on both sides of the groove, and slide grooves cooperating with the lock parts are provided on both sides of the protrusion, and the lock parts are slidable along the slide grooves.
  • the opening end of the groove is provided with a limiting portion, and the locking portion can be locked with the limiting portion, so that the locking portion is limited to be located in the sliding groove, and the sliding groove is arc-shaped.
  • the angle of the locking portion along the arc-shaped sliding track of the sliding groove is greater than or equal to the maximum angle at which the protrusion and the groove rotate relative to each other.
  • connection parts there are a plurality of connection parts.
  • two connecting portions are provided between two adjacent bending blocks, and the two connecting portions are oppositely arranged along the radial direction of the bending block.
  • two ends of the curved block are provided with two grooves, and the two grooves are on the same straight line, and the other end is provided with two protrusions, and the two protrusions Located on the same straight line, the straight line where the two grooves are located and the straight line where the two protrusions are located are perpendicular to each other.
  • the contact surface is a circular arc-shaped concave surface, and the lowest point of the circular arc-shaped concave surface is opposite to the connecting portion.
  • the abutment surface is rounded.
  • the curvature of the protrusion and the groove are the same.
  • the open end of the groove shrinks.
  • the protrusion is circular and the groove is a circular groove.
  • the locking portion is a fin.
  • the convex fins are fan-shaped.
  • two annular arms are provided on the outside of the groove, the two annular arms surround the groove, and the locking portion is provided at the free end of the annular arm.
  • the two annular arms are symmetrically distributed.
  • the slide grooves are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the protrusion.
  • the protrusion includes a head end rotatably received in the groove, and a supporting portion for connecting with the bending block.
  • the width of the end of the support portion connected to the bending block is greater than the width of the end of the support portion connected to the head end.
  • the locking portion includes a first locking portion and a second locking portion, the first locking portion and the second locking portion slide along the sliding groove, the first When one side of a locking portion is against the protrusion, the second locking portion is clamped to the limiting portion.
  • the angle corresponding to the arc-shaped sliding trajectory of the locking portion is equal to 13 degrees, and the arc corresponding to each chute is greater than 13 degrees.
  • the contact surface between the protrusion and the groove is a smooth surface
  • the contact surface between the locking portion and the slide groove is a smooth transition surface
  • the curved portion of the endoscope is made by laser cutting technology.
  • An endoscope includes a bending portion and a pulling wire provided in the bending portion, and the pulling wire is connected in series with a plurality of the bending blocks.
  • the bending part of the above endoscope does not affect the normal use of the bending part and the bending angle, and the locking part and the limiting part cooperate with each other to enhance the connection strength between the two bending blocks to avoid excessive tension ,
  • the protrusion is displaced from the groove, destroying the rotatable connection between the two bending pieces.
  • the slide groove is prevented from restricting the relative sliding between the protrusion and the groove, so that the maximum angle between the central axes of the two bending blocks can be Meet the design needs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stereoscopic structure of an endoscope according to this embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a partial structure of a connecting portion of the endoscope shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an assembly diagram of two connecting blocks of the connecting portion of the endoscope shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an assembly diagram of the two connecting blocks shown in FIG. 3 at another angle.
  • the reference numerals are described as follows: 20, endoscope; 21, curved portion; 22, pulling wire; 23, front end of endoscope; 24, rear end of endoscope; 10, bending block; 101, first bending block; 102 , Second bending block; 10a, first end; 10b, second end; 11 connecting part, 12, groove; 120, open end; 121, ring arm; 122, locking part; 1221, first locking part 1222, the second locking portion; 125, the fin; 13, the protrusion; 131, the chute; 132, the limit portion; 14, the abutment surface.
  • indications of directions are used to explain that the structures and movements of various elements of the present invention are not absolute but relative. These descriptions are appropriate when these elements are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the description of the position of these elements changes, the indications of these directions also change accordingly.
  • the present invention provides an endoscope 20 and an endoscope bending portion 21.
  • An endoscope 1 includes a bending portion 21 and a pulling wire 22 provided in the bending portion 21.
  • the pulling wire 22 pulls the bent portion 21 to bend the bent portion 2, and serves to pull the bent portion 21 to bend.
  • the bending portion 21 includes a plurality of bending pieces 10 connected in series by a pull wire 22 in sequence.
  • the bending portion 21 includes a plurality of bending pieces 10 connected in sequence.
  • the bending block 10 includes a head bending block near the front end 23 of the endoscope, a tail bending block close to the rear end 24 of the endoscope, and a middle bending block between the head bending block and the tail bending block.
  • the structure of the first bending piece and the tail bending piece is similar to the structure of the middle bending piece, the difference is mainly that the front end of the first bending piece and the rear end of the tail bending piece are not provided with a connecting portion for connecting the bending piece, so that the head
  • the bending block is the bending block at the forefront, and the bending block at the tail is the bending block at the rearmost end.
  • the middle bending block is taken as an example for description below: two adjacent bending blocks 10 are connected by a connecting portion 11.
  • the two ends of the bending block 10 are a first end 10a and a second end 10b, respectively.
  • one bending block is the first bending block 101 and the other bending block is the second bending block 102.
  • the first end 10 a of the first bending piece 101 and the second end 10 b of the second bending piece 102 are connected by a connection portion 11.
  • the connection portion 11 located on the first end 10a is the first connection portion 11a
  • the connection portion located on the second end 10b is the second connection portion 11b.
  • two connecting portions 11 are provided between two adjacent bending pieces 10. That is, the first bending block 101 and the second bending block 102 are rotatably connected through the two connecting portions 10.
  • the two connecting portions 11 are opposite to each other along the radial direction of the bending block 10. That is, two adjacent connecting pieces 10 are rotatably connected by two connecting portions 11, and the two connecting portions 11 are located on the same straight line.
  • the connecting portion 11 includes a groove 12 and a protrusion 13.
  • the protrusion 13 is rotatably received in the groove 12.
  • the connecting portion 11 of one bending block 10 may be a groove 12 or a protrusion 13, as long as the connecting portion 11 of the other bending block 10 connected thereto can be mated with it.
  • the connecting portions 11 are provided on both sides of the bending block 10, and the first end 10a and the second end 10b of one of the bending blocks 10 are provided.
  • the groove 12 may be provided at the first end 10a of the first bending block 101, and the second end 10b of the second bending block 102 is correspondingly provided with a protrusion 13. Then, the second end 10a of the first bending block 101 is provided with a protrusion 13, and the first end 10a of the second bending block 102 is provided with a groove 12 to satisfy the first bending block 101, the second bending block 102 and other bending The blocks are rotatably connected.
  • first end 10 a of the first bending block 101 may also be provided with a protrusion 13, and the second end 10 b of the second bending block 102 is correspondingly provided with a groove 12.
  • second end 10a of the first bending block 101 is provided with a groove 12
  • the first end 10a of the second bending block 102 is provided with a protrusion 13 to satisfy the first bending block 101 and the second bending block 102 is rotatably connected with other bending blocks.
  • the first end 10 a of the first bending block 101 may also be provided with a protrusion 13, and the second end 10 b of the second bending block 102 is correspondingly provided with a groove 12. Then, the second end 10a of the first bending block 101 may also be provided with a protrusion 13, and the first end 10a of the second bending block 102 is provided with a groove 12 to satisfy the first bending block 101 and the second bending block 102 is rotatably connected with other bending blocks. It suffices that the two adjacent bending blocks 10 can be cooperatively connected.
  • the number of connecting portions 11 between the two bending pieces 10 may be one or more.
  • the first end 10 a of the bending block 10 is provided with two protrusions 13, and the second end 10 b is provided with two grooves 12. Therefore, the shape of each bending piece 10 is a uniform shape.
  • the multiple bending blocks 10 can be arranged and manufactured in a uniform manner, which is convenient for the realization of the manufacturing process.
  • the two grooves 12 are located on the same straight line, and the two protrusions 13 are located on the same straight line.
  • the straight line where the two grooves 12 are located and the straight line where the two protrusions 13 are located are perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the connecting portions 11 between the two bending blocks 10 may also be one. That is, the connecting portion 11 where the adjacent three bending pieces 10 are connected to each other is located on two parallel lines. Then, the bending portion can be rotated in two directions, and the rotation angle of the bending portion can be controlled more conveniently.
  • the curved portion with two rotation directions is suitable for a cavity with a small inner diameter, such as a lung cavity.
  • the protrusion 13 includes a head end 13 a rotatably received in the groove 12 and a support portion 13 b for connecting with the bending block 10.
  • the groove 12 is adapted to the shape of the head end 13 a of the protrusion 13, so that the protrusion 13 can be limitedly received in the groove 12.
  • the open end 120 of the groove 12 is contracted to prevent the protrusion 13 from escaping from the groove 12.
  • the groove 12 is a circular groove.
  • the head end 13a is also circular.
  • the width of the end of the support portion 13b connected to the bending block 10 is greater than the width of the end of the support portion 13b connected to the head end 13a. Then, the area where the support portion 13b is connected to the bending block 10 is large, and the connection strength between the protrusion 13 and the bending block 10 can be increased to ensure the connection strength between the connection portion 11 and the connection portion 11.
  • both the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 have an arc. Since the inner diameters of the two adjacent bending blocks 10 are the same, the bending arcs of the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 are the same.
  • the end surfaces of the bending block 10 are provided with abutting surfaces 14 on both sides of the connecting portion 11, when the two abutting surfaces 14 of two adjacent bending blocks 10 abut against each other, the two bending blocks 10 stop rotating, Then the maximum angle between the two bending blocks 10 is reached.
  • the protrusion 13 rotates in the groove 12. When the abutting surfaces 14 of the two adjacent bending pieces 10 abut, the protrusion 13 stops rotating, reaching the maximum angle of relative rotation between the protrusion 13 and the groove 12.
  • the abutment surface 14 is an arc-shaped concave surface.
  • the arc-shaped concave surface can enable the two abutting surfaces 14 to maintain a larger area of contact, so that the two bending blocks 10 can maintain a stable position.
  • the lowest point of the arc-shaped concave surface is opposed to the connecting portion 11.
  • the maximum angle between the central axes of the two bending blocks 10 is formed.
  • the angle of the maximum included angle is designed according to the use requirements of the endoscope. For different types of endoscopes and different use requirements, the maximum included angle between the central axes of two adjacent bending blocks 10 is also Can be different.
  • the contact surface 14 is rounded.
  • the abutment surface 14 after rounding can improve the surface smoothness of the curved portion, and avoid the sharp side edges of the abutment surface 14 from affecting the movement of the endoscope.
  • the interference between the abutting surfaces 14 after the rounding can avoid interference between the two abutting surfaces 14 and ensure the formation between the two bending blocks 10
  • the included angle is the same size, which improves the bending accuracy of the endoscope.
  • Locking portions 122 are provided on both sides of the groove 12. Specifically in this embodiment, two annular arms 121 are provided on the outside of the groove 12, and the two annular arms 121 enclose the groove 12. A circular groove 12 is formed between the two ring arms 121. The two annular arms 121 extend outward from the end surface of the bending block 10 to the opening of the groove 12. The end of the ring arm 121 near the opening is the free end of the ring arm 121. The locking portion 122 is provided at the free end of the ring arm 121. The two ring arms 121 are symmetrically distributed.
  • the ends of the two ring arms 121 respectively correspond to a locking portion 122. Then, the two ring arms 121 respectively correspond to the two locking parts 122.
  • the two sides of the protrusion 13 are provided with sliding grooves 131 that cooperate with the two locking portions 122.
  • the slide grooves 131 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the protrusion 13. Therefore, both the ring arm 121 and the locking portion 122 are accommodated in the sliding groove 131.
  • the sliding groove 131 corresponds to the shape of the ring arm 121 and is also circular arc-shaped.
  • the locking portion 122 is slidable along the sliding groove 131, and a limiting portion 132 is provided at the open end of the sliding groove 131.
  • the locking portion 122 can be locked with the limiting portion 132 so that the locking portion 122 is limited within the sliding groove 131.
  • the locking portion 122 is a fin 125.
  • the position-limiting portion 132 is also a locking fin protruding from the sliding groove 131.
  • the locking portion 122 includes a first locking portion 1221 and a second locking portion 1222.
  • the first locking portion 1221 and the second locking portion 1222 slide along the sliding groove 131.
  • the second locking portion 1222 is engaged with the limiting portion 132.
  • the end surface 133 of the limiting portion 132 is a concave surface.
  • the concave surface cooperates with the ring arm 121 to smoothly slide in the sliding groove 131 to keep the end surface 133 of the limiting portion 132 in smooth contact with the outer surface of the ring arm 121 Turns smoothly.
  • the locking portion 122 of the ring arm 121 and the limiting portion 132 of the sliding groove 131 are engaged with each other to lock the relative rotation position of the limiting protrusion 13 and the groove 12.
  • the lock The stop portion 122 and the limit portion 132 are locked to limit the position, so as to avoid the problem of the protrusion 13 falling out of the groove 12.
  • the fin 125 is fan-shaped.
  • the fan-shaped protruding fins 125 can increase the contact area between the locking portion 122 and the inner side wall of the sliding groove 131.
  • the contact between the protruding fins 125 and the sliding groove 131 is approximately smooth to ensure that the protruding fins 125 can be in the sliding groove 131 Stable sliding inside. and.
  • the fan-shaped protruding fin 125 can increase the length of the outer arc surface of the protruding fin 125 to avoid tip collision between the protruding fin 125 and the sliding groove 131, and ensure that the protruding fin 125 can smoothly slide along the sliding groove 131.
  • the locking portion 122 is not limited to the shape of the fin 125, and the fin 125 is not limited to the shape of a fan.
  • the locking portion 122 may also be other deformed structures, for example, the locking portion 122 is bent back.
  • the protruding fin 125 may also be a rectangular strip or the like.
  • the protrusion 13 relatively rotates to the maximum angle in the groove 12, and the abutment surfaces 14 of the two adjacent bending blocks 10 abut, so that the two bending blocks 10 are at the maximum bending angle and enter the locked state.
  • the working state of the two adjacent bending blocks 10 is the locked state, and the two bending blocks in the locked state 10 No relative rotation can occur.
  • the locking portion 122 and the sliding groove 131 can no longer rotate relatively.
  • the angle corresponding to the arc sliding track of the locking portion 122 along the sliding groove 131 is greater than or equal to the maximum angle at which the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 rotate relative to each other.
  • the locking portion 122 slides along the sliding groove 131, and the sliding groove 131 is arc-shaped, then the movement trajectory of the locking portion 122 in the sliding groove 131 is arc-shaped.
  • the angle corresponding to the arc-shaped sliding locus of the locking portion 122 along the sliding groove 131 is smaller than the angle corresponding to the arc of the sliding groove 131.
  • the angle of the locking portion 122 along the arc-shaped sliding trajectory of the sliding groove 131 is greater than or equal to the maximum angle at which the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 rotate relative to each other.
  • the arc size of the sliding groove 131 directly determines the angle size corresponding to the arc-shaped sliding track of the locking portion 122 in the sliding groove 131.
  • the angle corresponding to the arc of the sliding groove 131 is greater than the maximum angle at which the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 rotate relative to each other. Since the locking portion 122 is a fin 125 and the fin 125 is fan-shaped, the fin 125 occupies a certain distance of the sliding groove 131. Therefore, the angle corresponding to the arc-shaped sliding trajectory of the locking portion 122 in the sliding groove 131 is smaller than the overall arc size of the sliding groove 131. Therefore, by increasing the length of the sliding groove 131 by design, the angle corresponding to the arc of the locking portion 122 rotating in the sliding groove 131 can be greater than or equal to the maximum bending angle between the two bending blocks 10.
  • the locking limit of the locking portion 122 and the limiting portion 132 can be avoided, and the design requirement of the maximum angle between the central axes of the two bending blocks 10 will not be affected, and the maximum bending angle of the bending block 10 can be satisfied Need for use of endoscopes.
  • the abutment surface 14 serves as a safety protection to prevent deformation between the locking portion 122 and the limiting portion 132 due to excessive torsion.
  • the shape of the locking portion 122 may also be an elongated bar shape, so the distance of the sliding groove 131 occupied by the locking portion 122 is small.
  • the angular size of the locking portion 122 along the arc-shaped sliding trajectory of the sliding groove 131 is approximately equal to the angular size of the arc of the sliding groove 131.
  • the angle of the locking portion 122 along the arc-shaped sliding trajectory of the sliding groove 131 is equal to the maximum angle of relative rotation of the protrusion 13 and the groove 12.
  • the locking portion 122 also resists the limiting portion 132 of the sliding groove. Therefore, the rotation positions of the two bending pieces 10 can be limited by the two abutting surfaces 14 against each other, or can be limited by the two locking portions 122 and the limiting portion 132 cooperating with each other.
  • the angle corresponding to the arc-shaped sliding trajectory of the locking portion 122 along the sliding groove 131 is equal to 13 degrees.
  • the arc corresponding to each chute 131 is greater than 13 degrees.
  • the maximum angle of relative rotation between the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 is 13 degrees.
  • the curved portion of the endoscope is made by laser cutting technology. Therefore, in order to ensure the smoothness of the rotation between the bending pieces and the smoothness between the contact parts, the welding slag (slag) is removed by polishing after laser cutting to ensure that there is no movement between the two bending pieces Hinder.
  • the contact surface between the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 is a smooth surface, and the locking portion 122 and the sliding surface
  • the contact surface of the groove 131 is a smooth transition surface, so that the two contact surfaces rotate relatively smoothly.
  • the bending portion 11 of the endoscope is not provided with rivets, and the two adjacent bending blocks 10 are connected by a connecting portion.
  • the manufacturing process is simple and easy to implement.
  • the connecting portion is mutually locked by the locking portion 122 and the limiting portion 132, so that the locking portion 122 is limited to the sliding groove 132 to prevent the protrusion 13 from disengaging from the groove 12. Therefore, even if rivets are not used in the bending portion of the endoscope, the connection strength between the two bending blocks 10 remains strong, which does not affect the normal use of the endoscope.
  • the curvature of the sliding groove 131 provided in the bending block 10 is greater than or equal to the maximum angle of relative rotation between the protrusion 13 and the groove 12 to ensure that the two bending blocks 10 can rotate according to design requirements.

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Abstract

一种内窥镜（20）的弯曲部（21）及内窥镜（20），内窥镜（20）的弯曲部（21）包括多个依次连接的弯曲块（10），相邻两个弯曲块（10）之间通过连接部（11）连接，且连接部（11）包括凹槽（12）及凸起（13），凸起（13）可转动收容于凹槽（12）内，弯曲块（10）的端面于连接部（11）的两侧分别设有抵接面（14）。凸起（13）在凹槽（12）内相对转动到最大角度，相邻两弯曲块（10）的抵接面（14）相抵接，使两弯曲块（10）之间处于最大弯曲角度并进入锁止状态。凹槽（12）的两侧设有锁止部（122），凸起（13）的两侧设有与锁止部（122）配合的滑槽（131），锁止部（122）沿滑槽（131）可滑动，滑槽（131）的开口端（120）设有限位部（132），锁止部（122）能够与限位部（132）相卡止，以使锁止部（122）限位于滑槽（131）内。锁止部（122）沿滑槽（131）的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大于等于凸起（13）与凹槽（12）相对转动的最大角度。该内窥镜（20）的弯曲部（21）能够保持两个弯曲块（10）之间稳定连接。

Description

内窥镜的弯曲部及内窥镜
本申请要求2018年12月25日递交、发明名称为“内窥镜的弯曲部及内窥镜”的中国专利申请2018115927140的优先权，在此通过引用将其全部内容合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内窥镜部件，特别是一种内窥镜的弯曲部及内窥镜。
背景技术
内窥镜是一种应用非常广泛的医疗及工业检测器械，其弯曲部是由钢丝绳牵拉多个彼此相连的蛇骨关节的方法实现弯曲变向的。相邻蛇骨关节通过铆钉铆合连接形成铰链，从而实现相对转动。
但是，由于铆钉铆合连接的制造和装配工艺的精度要求较高，如果生产工艺或操作工艺稍有误差，则会导致两个蛇骨关节之间的铆接连接存在一定缺陷。尤其对于内径较小的细径内窥镜，两蛇骨关节之间依然采用铆钉铆接固定的连接方法来实现就显得更为困难。
因此，为实现对内径较小的内窥镜的顺利制作，发展生产出不带有铆钉的蛇骨关节，两个相邻的蛇骨关节之间不是通过铆钉来铆接的。同时，由于不设有铆钉，则两个相邻的蛇骨关节之间的连接强度较弱。在使用过程中，相邻两个蛇骨关节之间连接处容易发生变形或移位，导致两个相邻的蛇骨关节之间不能实现相对转动，影响内窥镜的正常使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够保持两个弯曲块之间稳定连接的内窥镜的弯曲部及内窥镜。
一种内窥镜的弯曲部，包括多个依次连接的弯曲块，相邻两个弯曲块之间通过连接部连接，且所述连接部包括凹槽及凸起，所述凸起可转动收容于所述凹槽内，所述弯曲块的端面于所述连接部的两侧分别设有抵接面，所述凸起在所述凹槽内相对转动到最大角度，相邻两所述弯曲块的抵接面相抵接，使两所述弯曲块之间处于最大弯曲角度并进入锁止状态；
所述凹槽的两侧也设有锁止部，所述凸起的两侧设有与所述锁止部配合的滑槽，所述锁止部沿所述滑槽可滑动，所述滑槽的开口端设有限位部，所述锁止部能够与所述限位部相卡止，以使所述锁止部限位于所述滑槽内，所述滑槽为弧形，所述锁止部沿所述滑槽的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大于等于所述凸起与所述凹槽相对转动的最大角度。
在其中一实施方式中，所述连接部为多个。
在其中一实施方式中，相邻两所述弯曲块之间设有两个连接部，两所述连接部沿所述弯曲块的径向相对设置。
在其中一实施方式中，所述弯曲块的一端设有两个所述凹槽，且两所述凹槽位于同一直线上，另一端设有两个所述凸起，且两所述凸起位于同一直线上，两所述凹槽所在的直线与两所述凸起所在的直线相互垂直。
在其中一实施方式中，所述抵接面为圆弧形凹面，所述圆弧形凹面的最低点与所述连接部相对。
在其中一实施方式中，所述抵接面倒圆角。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凸起与所述凹槽的弯曲弧度大小相同。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凹槽的开口端收缩。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凸起为圆形，所述凹槽为圆形凹槽。
在其中一实施方式中，所述锁止部为凸翅。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凸翅为扇形。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凹槽的外侧设有两个环形臂，两所述环形臂围成所述凹槽，所述锁止部设于所述环形臂的自由端。
在其中一实施方式中，两个所述环形臂左右对称分布。
在其中一实施方式中，所述滑槽对称分布在凸起的两侧。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凸起包括可转动收容于所述凹槽内的头端，及用于与所述弯曲块连接的支撑部。
在其中一实施方式中，所述支撑部与所述弯曲块连接的一端的宽度大于所述支撑部与所述头端连接的一端的宽度。
在其中一实施方式中，所述锁止部包括第一锁止部及第二锁止部，所述第一锁止部与所述第二锁止部沿所述滑槽滑动，所述第一锁止部的一侧与所述凸起相抵持，则所述第二锁止部与所述限位部卡持连接。
在其中一实施方式中，所述锁止部沿所述滑槽的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度等于13度，每个所述滑槽对应的弧度大于13度。
在其中一实施方式中，所述凸起与所述凹槽的接触面为光滑面，所述锁止部与所述滑槽的接触面为光滑过渡面。
在其中一实施方式中，所述内窥镜的弯曲部由激光切割技术制作而成。
一种内窥镜，包括弯曲部及设于所述弯曲部内的牵引线，所述牵引线串联连接多个所述弯曲块。
上述内窥镜的弯曲部，在不影响弯曲部的正常使用及弯曲角度的前提下，通过锁止部与限位部相互配合，增强两个弯曲块之间的连接强度，避免由于拉力过大，凸起从凹槽内发生移位，破坏两个弯曲块之间的可转动连接关系。
并且，由于滑槽的弧度大于等于凸起与所述凹槽相对转动的最大角度，避免滑槽限制凸起与凹槽之间的相对滑动，使两个弯曲块的中心轴的最大夹角能够满足设计需要。
附图说明
图1为本实施方式的内窥镜的立体结构示意图；
图2为图1所示内窥镜的连接部的局部结构的立体图；
图3为图1所示的内窥镜的连接部两连接块的组装示意图；
图4为图3所示的两连接块另一角度的组装示意图。
附图标记说明如下：20、内窥镜；21、弯曲部；22、牵引线；23、内窥镜前端；24、内窥镜后端；10、弯曲块；101、第一弯曲块；102、第二弯曲块；10a、第一端；10b、第二端；11连接部、12、凹槽；120、开口端；121、环形臂；122、锁止部；1221、第一锁止部；1222、第二锁止部；125、凸翅；13、凸起；131、滑槽；132、限位部；14、抵接面。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明可以容易地表现为不同形式的实施方式，但在附图中示出并且在本说明书中将详细说明的仅仅是其中一些具体实施方式，同时可以理解的是本说明书应视为是本发明原理的示范性说明，而并非旨在将本发明限制到在此所说明的那样。
由此，本说明书中所指出的一个特征将用于说明本发明的一个实施方式的其中一个特征，而不是暗示本发明的每个实施方式必须具有所说明的特征。此外，应当注意的是本说明书描述了许多特征。尽管某些特征可以组合在一起以示出可能的系统设计，但是这些特征也可用于其他的未明确说明的组合。由此，除非另有说明，所说明的组合并非旨在限制。
在附图所示的实施方式中，方向的指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前和后)用于解释本发明的各种元件的结构和运动不是绝对的而是相对的。当这些元件处于附图所示的位置时，这些说明是合适的。如果这些元件的位置的说明发生改变时，则这些方向的指示也相应地改变。
以下结合本说明书的附图，对本发明的实施方式予以进一步地详尽阐述。
请参见图1，本发明提出一种内窥镜20及内窥镜的弯曲部21。一种内窥镜1包括弯曲部21及设于弯曲部21内的牵引线22。牵引线22牵引弯曲部21，使弯曲部2弯折，起到牵引弯曲部21弯折的目的。
弯曲部21包括由牵引线22依次串联连接的多个弯曲块10。弯曲部21包括多个依次连接的弯曲块10。弯曲块10包括靠近内窥镜前端23的首部弯曲块、靠近内窥镜后端24的尾部弯曲块及位于首部弯曲块与尾部弯曲块之间的中部弯曲块。首部弯曲块与尾部弯曲块的结构与中部弯曲块的结构相似，其不同之处主要在于，首部弯曲块的前端及尾部弯曲块的后端不设有用于连接弯曲块的连接部，以使首部弯曲块为最前端的弯曲块，尾部弯曲块为最后端的弯曲块。
请参阅图2，下文以中部弯曲块为例进行说明：相邻两个弯曲块10之间通过连接部11连接。为方便说明，请同时参阅图3，弯曲块10的两端分别为第一端10a和第二端10b。 相邻两个弯曲块中，其中一弯曲块为第一弯曲块101，另一弯曲块为第二弯曲块102。第一弯曲块101的第一端10a与第二弯曲块102的第二端10b通过连接部11连接。其中，位于第一端10a上的连接部11为第一连接部11a，位于第二端10b上的连接部为第二连接部11b。
并且，具体地，相邻两弯曲块10之间设有两个连接部11。即，第一弯曲块101与第二弯曲块102通过两个连接部10可转动连接。两连接部11沿弯曲块10的径向相对设置。即，相邻两个弯曲块10之间通过两个连接部11实现可转动连接，且两个连接部11位于同一直线上。
具体在本实施方式中，连接部11包括凹槽12及凸起13。凸起13可转动收容于凹槽12内。其中，一个弯曲块10的连接部11可以是凹槽12也可以是凸起13，只要与其连接的另一个弯曲块10的连接部11能够与之配合连接即可。并且，弯曲块10的两侧均设有连接部11，则其中一个弯曲块10的第一端10a及第二端10b上。
凹槽12可以设于第一弯曲块101的第一端10a，则第二弯曲块102的第二端10b对应设有凸起13。则第一弯曲块101的第二端10a设有凸起13，第二弯曲块102的第一端10a则设有凹槽12，以满足第一弯曲块101、第二弯曲块102与其他弯曲块进行可转动连接。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，第一弯曲块101的第一端10a也可以设有凸起13，第二弯曲块102的第二端10b对应设有凹槽12。则对应地，则第一弯曲块101的第二端10a设有凹槽12，第二弯曲块102的第一端10a则设有凸起13，以满足第一弯曲块101、第二弯曲块102与其他弯曲块进行可转动连接。
或者，在其他实施方式中，第一弯曲块101的第一端10a也可以设有凸起13，第二弯曲块102的第二端10b对应设有凹槽12。则，则第一弯曲块101的第二端10a也可以设有凸起13，第二弯曲块102的第一端10a则设有凹槽12，以满足第一弯曲块101、第二弯曲块102与其他弯曲块进行可转动连接。只要能够使相邻两个弯曲块10配合连接即可。
两个弯曲块10之间的连接部11的个数可以为一个或多个。
具体在本实施方式中，弯曲块10的第一端10a设有两个凸起13，第二端10b设有两个凹槽12。因此，每个弯曲块10的形状即为一致形状。多个弯曲块10按照统一的方式排列制造即可，方便制造工艺的实现。
且两凹槽12位于同一直线上，且两凸起13位于同一直线上，两凹槽12所在的直线与两凸起13所在的直线相互垂直。当相邻三个弯曲块10发生相对转动的时候，上述四组凹槽12与凸起13相互配合，相邻三个弯曲块10相互连接的连接部11位于四条平行线上。因此，上述弯曲部可以在四个方向上进行转动，可以较为自由准确的调整弯曲部的扭曲、转动角度。具有四个转动方向的弯曲部，适用于内径较大的腔体内，例如肠腔、胃腔等。
可以理解，两个弯曲块10之间的连接部11的个数还可以为一个。即，相邻三个弯曲 块10相互连接的连接部11位于两条平行线上。则上述弯曲部能够在两个方向上进行转动，则弯曲部的转动角度能够较为方便控制。具有两个转动方向的弯曲部，适用于内径较小的腔体内，例如肺腔。
具体在本实施方式中，凸起13包括可转动收容于凹槽12内的头端13a，及用于与弯曲块10连接的支撑部13b。凹槽12与凸起13的头端13a的形状相适配，以使凸起13能够限位收容于凹槽12内。
并且，凹槽12的开口端120收缩，以避免凸起13从凹槽12内脱离。具体的，凹槽12为圆形凹槽。则头端13a也为圆形。
并且，支撑部13b与弯曲块10连接的一端的宽度大于支撑部13b与头端13a连接的一端的宽度。则支撑部13b与弯曲块10连接的面积较大，可以增大凸起13与弯曲块10之间的连接强度，保证连接部11与连接部11之间的连接强度。
并且，由于凸起13及凹槽12位于弯曲块10的环形侧壁上，则凸起13与凹槽12均具有弧度。由于，相邻两个弯曲块10的内径大小相同，则凸起13与凹槽12的弯曲弧度大小相同。
弯曲块10的端面于连接部11的两侧分别设有抵接面14，当相邻两个弯曲块10的两个抵接面14相互抵持的时候，则两个弯曲块10停止转动，则两个弯曲块10之间达到最大的夹角。凸起13在凹槽12内转动，当相邻两弯曲块10的抵接面14相抵接的时候，凸起13停止转动，达到凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度。
请同时参阅图3及图4，具体在本实施方式中，抵接面14为圆弧形凹面。当两两抵接面14相互抵持的时候，圆弧形凹面可以使两两抵接面14保持较大面积接触，使两个弯曲块10能够较稳定保持定位。
圆弧形凹面的最低点与连接部11相对。当两个弯曲块10的抵接面14的最低点相互抵持的时候，则两个弯曲块10的中心轴之间形成最大夹角。该最大夹角的角度大小是根据内窥镜的使用需求进行设计得来的，对于不同型号及不同使用需求的内窥镜，相邻两个弯曲块10的中心轴之间的最大夹角也可以不同。
并且，抵接面14倒圆角。倒圆角后的抵接面14一方面可以提高弯曲部的表面光滑度，避免抵接面14的尖锐的侧棱影响内窥镜的运动。并且，当两个抵接面14相互抵持的时候，倒圆角后的抵接面14之间可以避免两个抵接面14之间发生干涉，保证两个弯曲块10之间的形成的夹角大小一致，提高内窥镜的弯曲精度。
凹槽12的两侧设有锁止部122。具体在本实施方式中，凹槽12的外侧设有两个环形臂121，两环形臂121围成凹槽12。两环形臂121中间形成圆形的凹槽12。两个环形臂121由弯曲块10的端面向外延伸至凹槽12的开口处。环形臂121靠近开口处的一端为环形臂121的自由端。锁止部122设于环形臂121的自由端。两个环形臂121左右对称分布。
两个环形臂121的末端分别对应一锁止部122。则两个环形臂121分别对应两个锁止部122。
凸起13的两侧设有与两个锁止部122配合的滑槽131。滑槽131对称分布在凸起13的两侧。因此环形臂121及锁止部122均收容于滑槽131内。凸起13相对于凹槽12转动，则滑槽131相应于环形臂121的形状，也为圆弧形。
锁止部122沿滑槽131可滑动，滑槽131的开口端设有限位部132。锁止部122能够与限位部132相卡止，以使锁止部122限位于滑槽131内。具体在本实施方式中，锁止部122为凸翅125。则限位部132也为凸出与滑槽131的卡翅。当凸起13相对于凹槽12转动的时候，则环形臂121也在滑槽131内滑动。当一侧的锁止部122与限位部132相互抵接卡持，从而使环形臂121停止在滑槽131内转动。
为方便说明，锁止部122包括第一锁止部1221及第二锁止部1222。第一锁止部1221与第二锁止部1222沿滑槽131滑动。第一锁止部1221的一侧与凸起13相抵持，则第二锁止部1222与限位部132卡持连接。
请参阅图4，限位部132的末端端面133为凹面，凹面以配合环形臂121在滑槽131内顺利滑动，保持限位部132的末端端面133与环形臂121的外侧表面光滑接触，保持顺利转动。
环形臂121的锁止部122与滑槽131的限位部132相互卡合锁止以限位凸起13与凹槽12相对转动位置当在长度方向上拉伸力的过度作用的时候，锁止部122与限位部132相卡止限位，从而达到避免凸起13从凹槽12内脱落的问题。
请再次参阅图3，凸翅125为扇形。扇形形状的凸翅125可以增大锁止部122与滑槽131的内侧壁之间的接触面积，凸翅125与滑槽131之间的接触近似光滑接触，保证凸翅125能够在滑槽131内稳定的滑动。并且。扇形的凸翅125可以使凸翅125的外侧弧面的长度增大，避免凸翅125与滑槽131之间发生尖端抵触，保证凸翅125能够顺利的沿滑槽131滑动。
在其他实施方式中，锁止部122并不局限于凸翅125的形状，凸翅125也不限于为扇形形状。锁止部122还可以为其他变形结构，例如，锁止部122为回弯形状等。凸翅125还可以为矩形条状等。
凸起13在凹槽12内相对转动到最大角度，相邻两弯曲块10的抵接面14相抵接，使两弯曲块10之间处于最大弯曲角度并进入锁止状态。当两个抵接面14相互抵持，凸起13在凹槽12内相对转动到最大角度的时候，两个相邻弯曲块10工作状态为锁止状态，位于锁止状态的两个弯曲块10不能发生相对转动。锁止部122与滑槽131也不能再发生相对转动。
锁止部122沿滑槽131的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大于等于凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度。锁止部122沿滑槽131滑动，滑槽131为弧形，则锁止部122在滑槽131内的运动轨迹为弧形。锁止部122沿滑槽131的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度小于滑槽131的弧度对应的角度。并且，锁止部122沿滑槽131的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大于等于凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度。
滑槽131的弧度大小直接决定锁止部122在滑槽131内的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大小。滑槽131的弧度对应的角度大于凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度。由于锁止部122为凸翅125，凸翅125为扇形，凸翅125占用滑槽131的一定距离。因此锁止部122在滑槽131内的弧形滑动轨迹所对应的角度小于滑槽131的总体弧度大小。因此，通过设计增加滑槽131的长短，可以使锁止部122在滑槽131内转动弧度所对应的角度大于等于两弯曲块10之间的最大弯曲角度。
则可以避免锁止部122与限位部132的卡止限位，不会影响到两个弯曲块10的中心轴向之间的最大角度的设计需求，能够使弯曲块10的最大弯曲角度满足内窥镜的使用需求。
同时，当两弯曲块10的抵接面14相抵接的时候，两弯曲块10进入锁止状态，则锁止部122在滑槽131内不能再发生滑动。避免锁止部122过度转动，对限位部132过度挤压，抵接面14起到安全保护的作用，防止锁止部122与限位部132之间由于过度扭转而发生变形。在其他实施方式中，锁止部122的形状还可以为狭长形条状，则锁止部122占用的滑槽131的距离较小。锁止部122沿滑槽131的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大小与滑槽131的弧度对应的角度大小近似相等。
具体在本实施方式中，锁止部122沿滑槽131的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度等于凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度。当凸起13与凹槽12相对转动到最大角度的时候，则锁止部122也与滑槽的限位部132相互抵持。因此，对于两个弯曲块10的转动位置即可以通过两个抵接面14相互抵持进行限位，也可以通过两个锁止部122与限位部132相互配合进行限位。
具体在本实施方式中，锁止部122沿滑槽131的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度等于13度。每个滑槽131对应的弧度大于13度。则凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度为13度。当两个弯曲块10的中心轴的夹角为13度的时候，锁止部122也与滑槽的限位部132也恰好相互抵持。
具体在本实施方式中，内窥镜的弯曲部由激光切割技术制作而成。因此，为保证弯曲块之间的转动的光滑度及各个接触部件之间的光滑性，在激光切割后用抛光方式对焊渣(熔渣)去除，来保证两节弯曲块之间运动时候无阻碍。
并且，为保证凸起13在凹槽12内顺利滑动，及锁止部122在滑槽131内顺利滑动，则使凸起13与凹槽12的接触面为光滑面，锁止部122与滑槽131的接触面为光滑过渡面，以使两接触面发生相对顺畅的转动。
本实施方式的内窥镜及内窥镜的弯曲部相对于传统的内窥镜至少具有以下优点：
首先，内窥镜的弯曲部11不设有铆钉，相邻两个弯曲块10之间通过连接部连接，制作过程简单，容易实现。
并且，连接部通过锁止部122与限位部132之间相互卡持，以使锁止部122限位于滑槽132内，避免凸起13从凹槽12内脱离。因此，内窥镜的弯曲部即使不使用铆钉，两个 弯曲块10之间的连接强度也保持较强，不会影响内窥镜的正常使用。
并且，弯曲块10设置的滑槽131的弧度大于等于凸起13与凹槽12相对转动的最大角度，保证两个弯曲块10能够按照设计需求进行转动。
虽然已参照几个典型实施方式描述了本发明，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本发明能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，上述实施方式不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，包括多个依次连接的弯曲块，相邻两个弯曲块之间通过连接部连接，且所述连接部包括凹槽及凸起，所述凸起可转动收容于所述凹槽内，所述弯曲块的端面于所述连接部的两侧分别设有抵接面，所述凸起在所述凹槽内相对转动到最大角度，相邻两所述弯曲块的抵接面相抵接，使两所述弯曲块之间处于最大弯曲角度并进入锁止状态；
    所述凹槽的两侧也设有锁止部，所述凸起的两侧设有与所述锁止部配合的滑槽，所述锁止部沿所述滑槽可滑动，所述滑槽的开口端设有限位部，所述锁止部能够与所述限位部相卡止，以使所述锁止部限位于所述滑槽内，所述滑槽为弧形，所述锁止部沿所述滑槽的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度大于等于所述凸起与所述凹槽相对转动的最大角度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述连接部为多个。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，相邻两所述弯曲块之间设有两个连接部，两所述连接部沿所述弯曲块的径向相对设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述弯曲块的一端设有两个所述凹槽，且两所述凹槽位于同一直线上，另一端设有两个所述凸起，且两所述凸起位于同一直线上，两所述凹槽所在的直线与两所述凸起所在的直线相互垂直。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述抵接面为圆弧形凹面，所述圆弧形凹面的最低点与所述连接部相对。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述抵接面倒圆角。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凸起与所述凹槽的弯曲弧度大小相同。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凹槽的开口端收缩。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凸起为圆形，所述凹槽为圆形凹槽。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述锁止部为凸翅。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凸翅为扇形。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凹槽的外侧设有两个环形臂，两所述环形臂围成所述凹槽，所述锁止部设于所述环形臂的自由端。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，两个所述环形臂左右对称分布。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述滑槽对称分布在凸起的两侧。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凸起包括可转动收容于所述凹槽内的头端，及用于与所述弯曲块连接的支撑部。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述支撑部与所述弯曲块连接的一端的宽度大于所述支撑部与所述头端连接的一端的宽度。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述锁止部包括第一锁止部及第二锁止部，所述第一锁止部与所述第二锁止部沿所述滑槽滑动，所述第一锁止部的一侧与所述凸起相抵持，则所述第二锁止部与所述限位部卡持连接。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述锁止部沿所述滑槽的弧形滑动轨迹对应的角度等于13度，每个所述滑槽对应的弧度大于13度。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述凸起与所述凹槽的接触面为光滑面，所述锁止部与所述滑槽的接触面为光滑过渡面。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一所述的内窥镜的弯曲部，其特征在于，所述内窥镜的弯曲部由激光切割技术制作而成。
  21. 一种内窥镜，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-20任一所述的弯曲部及设于所述弯曲部内的牵引线，所述牵引线串联连接多个所述弯曲块。
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