WO2020134643A1 - 光纤通信窃听教学演示系统 - Google Patents

光纤通信窃听教学演示系统 Download PDF

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WO2020134643A1
WO2020134643A1 PCT/CN2019/116669 CN2019116669W WO2020134643A1 WO 2020134643 A1 WO2020134643 A1 WO 2020134643A1 CN 2019116669 W CN2019116669 W CN 2019116669W WO 2020134643 A1 WO2020134643 A1 WO 2020134643A1
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module
eavesdropping
optical fiber
optical
quantum key
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PCT/CN2019/116669
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐东
薛梦驰
杨光
赵良圆
邱红康
金华
李树林
赵周荞
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江苏亨通问天量子信息研究院有限公司
江苏亨通光电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020134643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134643A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of quantum secret communication, in particular to an optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system.
  • Optical fiber cable has the characteristics of large communication capacity, long transmission distance, and good confidentiality in transmitting signals. It has become one of the main methods of modern communication. However, its confidentiality is based on the premise that the light waves transmitted by the optical fiber cannot run out of the optical fiber. With the development of modern optical fiber communication eavesdropping technology, there is no technical obstacle to artificially leaking part of the light from the optical fiber line.
  • optical fiber bending method V-groove notch method, scattering method, beam separation method, progressive coupling method, etc., especially the fiber bending method that has appeared in recent years, only less than 1% of the leaked light can be eavesdropped, and the entire eavesdropping process will not be cut off
  • Optical fiber causes the interruption of communication services, so it is difficult for users to perceive the existence of such eavesdropping, so the so-called "natural" confidentiality of optical fiber communication is no longer effective, and data communication based on optical fiber cables has become increasingly insecure.
  • Optical fiber communication eavesdropping is developed from the military field, the general public still can not understand its concerns, and even do not know the existence of optical fiber communication eavesdropping, so the need for confidentiality of optical communication is not taken seriously.
  • a teaching demonstration system that can be used to demonstrate fiber-optic communication eavesdropping is needed.
  • the Chinese patent with the publication number CN103824487A discloses an eavesdropping demonstration device based on quantum key communication.
  • the switch of the optical switch is used in conjunction with the indicator light to turn off to demonstrate the process of spectroscopic attack on the quantum signal.
  • the device cannot be imaged, Intuitive comparison demonstrates the anti-eavesdropping effect of the quantum key encryption method with other encryption methods and non-encryption methods.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system, which can be compatible with three modes of teaching demonstration, and can visually and intuitively demonstrate that the quantum key encryption method is compared with the classic encryption method, and Non-encrypted anti-eavesdropping effect.
  • the present invention provides an optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system, including a sending end, a receiving end and an eavesdropping end, the sending end sends source data in the form of an optical signal, and the receiving end is connected through an optical fiber line At the sending end, the eavesdropping end generates and extracts the leaked light on the optical fiber line through the optical splitting module clamped on the optical fiber; the sending end, the receiving end, and the eavesdropping end are all provided with display devices for displaying respective received displays signal;
  • the sending end includes,
  • An encryption module that uses a quantum key to encrypt the source data or a classic password to encrypt the source data
  • a first transmission module which converts the source data into an optical signal and sends it out, or converts the source data encrypted by the encryption module into an optical signal and sends it out;
  • the receiving end includes,
  • a second transmission module which receives the optical signal sent by the sending end and converts the received optical signal into a first display signal directly displayed on the display device; or converts the received optical signal into a first Electrical signal or second electrical signal;
  • a decryption module which decrypts the first electrical signal using a classic password shared with the sending end to obtain a second display signal displayed on the display device; or uses a quantum key shared with the sending end Decrypt the second electrical signal to obtain a third display signal displayed in the display device;
  • the eavesdropping end includes,
  • a third transmission module which receives the leaked optical signal extracted by the spectroscopic module, and converts the received optical signal into a third electrical signal
  • a password cracking module which runs a cracking program to crack the third electrical signal to obtain a fourth display signal displayed on the display device.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes that the sending end and the receiving end are respectively configured with a quantum key distribution terminal Alice and a quantum key distribution terminal Bob, the quantum key distribution terminal Alice and the quantum key distribution terminal Bob Based on the BB84 protocol, the same quantum key is distributed for both receiving and sending ends; the quantum key distribution terminal Alice is connected to the encryption module, and the generated quantum key is used for data encryption at the sending end; the quantum key distribution terminal Bob and the decryption module Connection, the generated quantum key is used for data decryption by the receiving end.
  • the sending end further includes a wavelength division multiplexing module; quantum optical signals when the same quantum key is distributed between the quantum key distribution terminal Alice and the quantum key distribution terminal Bob
  • the classic optical signal converted with the first transmission module is multiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexing module and coupled into the same optical fiber, and the multiplexed combined optical signal is transmitted to the receiving end through the optical fiber.
  • the receiving end further includes a wave demultiplexing module, the wave demultiplexing module is used to demultiplex the received multiplexed optical signal, thereby separating the quantum optical signal and Classic optical signal; the separated quantum optical signal and classic optical signal will be redistributed to the quantum key distribution terminal Bob and the second transmission module.
  • the wave demultiplexing module is used to demultiplex the received multiplexed optical signal, thereby separating the quantum optical signal and Classic optical signal; the separated quantum optical signal and classic optical signal will be redistributed to the quantum key distribution terminal Bob and the second transmission module.
  • the sending end further includes a first control module, the first control module selects whether to encrypt the source data according to an external input instruction, and controls to switch the encryption module to use classic A password or quantum key encrypts the source data.
  • the first control module is further configured to generate the classic password for encrypting source data according to external input.
  • the receiving end further includes a second control module, the second control module selects whether to decrypt the electrical signal received and converted by the second transmission module according to an external input instruction, and control Switching the decryption module to use a classic password or quantum key to decrypt the electrical signal converted by the second transmission module.
  • the source data further includes audio data or/and video data;
  • the sending end further includes an audio encoder or/and video encoder; and both the receiving end and the eavesdropping end further include Audio decoder or/and video decoder.
  • the optical splitting module is an optical fiber holder, and the eavesdropping end is connected to the optical fiber line between the sending end and the receiving end through the optical fiber holder.
  • the optical splitter module is an optical splitter.
  • the optical splitter includes an input terminal, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal.
  • the input terminal and the first transmission module Connected, the first output terminal is connected to a second transmission module, and the second output terminal is connected to a third transmission module.
  • the optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system of the present invention is compatible with three modes of teaching demonstration, and can visually and intuitively demonstrate that the quantum key encryption method is compared with the classic encryption method and the non-encryption method. Anti-eavesdropping effect. It has the following technical advantages:
  • the difference can only be seen by comparison.
  • the teaching demonstration system of this application can demonstrate the difference in anti-eavesdropping effect of three optical fiber communication modes of quantum key encrypted communication, classic password encrypted communication and non-encrypted communication through comparative demonstration. It can intuitively highlight the absolute security of quantum key encrypted communication, and the teaching effect is good.
  • the quantum light and classic light that were originally transmitted in the quantum channel and the classic channel respectively are coupled into a fiber and transmitted to the receiving end through the classic channel, on the one hand, the optical path structure is simplified (by the traditional two The root fiber (one for the quantum channel and one for the classic channel) is simplified to one fiber (the classic channel); on the other hand, if eavesdropping during quantum light transmission will cause quantum light changes, resulting in bit errors As the rate increases, the detection of quantum light can promptly detect the existence of third-party eavesdropping on the optical fiber line. With this mechanism, eavesdropping detection of optical signals mixed and mixed on the classic channel can be realized, which is also achieved Eavesdropping detection of the source data transmitted from the sending end to the receiving end.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a fiber optic communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the internal structure of the sending end in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the internal structure of the receiving end in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the internal structure of the eavesdropper in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the signal transmission process of the optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment discloses an optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system, including a sending end, a receiving end, and an eavesdropping end.
  • the sending end sends source data in the form of an optical signal
  • the receiving end passes through an optical fiber line Connected to the sending end, the eavesdropping end generates and extracts the leaked light on the optical fiber line through the optical splitting module clamped on the optical fiber.
  • the teaching demonstration system of this application can be compatible with the demonstration of the effect of optical fiber communication eavesdropping under three communication modes, which are:
  • the first mode the source data is transmitted from the sending end to the receiving end in an unencrypted state
  • the second mode the source data is transmitted from the sending end to the receiving end after being encrypted with a classic password
  • the third mode the source data is transmitted from the sending end to the receiving end after being encrypted by the quantum key.
  • the eavesdropping end When the optical signal is transmitted between the sending end and the receiving end through the optical fiber line, the eavesdropping end extracts the leaked optical signal on the optical fiber line and restores the source data through the password cracking method to realize the optical fiber communication eavesdropping.
  • the sending end and the receiving end support optical communication in three modes for source data processing, and the eavesdropping end indirectly demonstrates the difference in anti-eavesdropping in optical fiber communication by demonstrating the data reduction effect in these three modes.
  • the specific implementation plan is as follows:
  • the above-mentioned source data is audio data or/and video data
  • a high-definition conference camera commonly used in the market is adopted.
  • the camera has a high-definition camera and an omnidirectional microphone, and supports the collection of audio data and video data separately. And synchronous collection of video data and audio data.
  • the teaching demonstration system of this application uses video data or audio data and audio and video data as source data for demonstration, which can greatly enhance the sensory effect of the teaching demonstration.
  • the sending end includes a first control module, an audio encoding module or/and video encoding module, an encryption module, a first transmission module, a wavelength division multiplexing module, and a quantum key distribution terminal Alice, a data source and a first display device.
  • the source data collected and acquired is displayed on the first display device.
  • the receiving end includes a second control module, a wave demultiplexing module, a second transmission module, a decryption module, an audio decoding module or/and a video decoding module, and a quantum key distribution terminal Bob and a second display device.
  • the eavesdropping terminal includes a third transmission module, a password cracking module, an audio decoding module or/and a video decoding module, a spectroscopic module and a third display device.
  • the audio encoding module encodes the collected audio signals and outputs digital electrical signals.
  • the video encoding module encodes the collected video signals and outputs digital electrical signals.
  • the encryption module uses a quantum key to encrypt the digital electrical signal obtained after the encoding process, or uses a classic password to encrypt the digital electrical signal obtained after the encoding process.
  • the audio encoding module and the video encoding module process the collected audio signals and video signals and output digital electrical signals, and the first transmission module converts the digital electrical signals into optical signals.
  • the audio encoding module and the video encoding module process the collected audio signals and video signals and output digital electrical signals.
  • the encryption module encrypts the digital electrical signals using a classic password to obtain the classic encrypted digital electrical signals.
  • a transmission module converts the classic encrypted digital electrical signal into an optical signal.
  • the audio encoding module and the video encoding module process the collected audio signals and video signals to output digital electrical signals
  • the encryption module uses quantum keys to encrypt the digital electrical signals to obtain quantum encrypted digital electrical signals.
  • the first transmission module converts the quantum encrypted digital electrical signal into an optical signal.
  • the above three modes at the sending end are selected and switched by the first control module according to an external input instruction.
  • the above-mentioned quantum key distribution terminal Alice and the quantum key distribution terminal Bob distribute the same quantum key for both sending and receiving based on the BB84 protocol; the above-mentioned key distribution terminal Alice is connected to the encryption module, and the quantum key generated by the key distribution terminal Alice is provided for The sender performs data encryption; the above-mentioned quantum key distribution terminal Bob is connected to the decryption module, and the quantum key generated by the quantum key distribution terminal Bob is used by the receiver to decrypt the data.
  • the quantum key distribution terminal Alice and the quantum key distribution terminal Bob distribute the same quantum key based on the BB84 protocol
  • the quantum key distribution terminal Alice emits quantum light
  • the quantum key distribution terminal Bob detects the quantum secret through a single photon detector
  • the quantum light emitted by the key distribution terminal Alice, and tells Alice that she chooses the measurement base vector.
  • Alice compares her and Bob's measurement base vector and chooses to keep the measurement result of the same measurement base vector and tells Bob to discard the measurement that the measurement base is inconsistent.
  • the final result is that Alice and Bob have obtained the same measurement result (that is, the final quantum key to be distributed).
  • the quantum key used for encryption and decryption can also be generated by a quantum true random number generator, and the quantum true random number generator used to generate the quantum key can be external or configured On the sending end or the receiving end, the quantum key is generated and directly output to the sending end and the receiving end.
  • the classic password of this application is generated by the first control module according to external input. After the classic password is generated, the sending end and the receiving end share the same classic password.
  • the demonstration system of the present application is suitable for teaching demonstration, it is also possible to manually input a classic password through a human-computer interaction interface, and input the same classic password at the sending end and the receiving end.
  • the three communication modes of the demo system of this application are switched by the first control module and the second control module, specifically: the first control module selects whether to encrypt the digital electrical signal obtained by the encoding process according to an external input instruction, and controls Switching the encryption module to use a classic password or quantum key to encrypt the digital electrical signal obtained by the encoding process.
  • the first transmission module converts the digital electrical signal obtained by the encoding process into a classic optical signal, or converts the digital electrical signal encrypted by the encryption module into a classic optical signal (including the classic optical signal encrypted with a classic password, using Classic optical signal encrypted by quantum key).
  • the quantum optical signal when the same quantum key is distributed between the quantum key distribution terminal Alice and the quantum key distribution terminal Bob and the classic optical signal converted by the first transmission module are multiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexing module and coupled into In the same optical fiber, the multiplexed multiplexed optical signal is transmitted to the receiving end through the optical fiber line.
  • the above wave demultiplexing module demultiplexes the received multiplexed optical signal to separate the quantum optical signal and the classic optical signal.
  • the above-mentioned wavelength division multiplexing module selects a passive four-channel compact wavelength division multiplexer (CCWDM), and the wavelength division multiplexer distributes the quantum key to the quantum input by the terminal Alice
  • CCWDM passive four-channel compact wavelength division multiplexer
  • the light (1550 nm) and the non-1550 nm classic light converted by the first transmission module are mixed and multiplexed and coupled into one optical fiber (classic channel fiber).
  • the above-mentioned wave demultiplexing module is also preferably a passive four-channel compact wavelength division multiplexer, which demultiplexes the light sent by the sending end to separate quantum light with a wavelength of 1550nm and classic light other than 1550nm, and then separates 1550nm
  • the quantum light is distributed to the fiber core of the quantum key distribution terminal Bob, instead of the 1550nm classic light to the second transmission module.
  • the second transmission module receives the classic optical signal (that is, the above-mentioned non-1550nm classic light) separated by the wave demultiplexing module, and converts the received optical signal into a first display signal directly displayed on the display device ; Or convert the received optical signal into a first electrical signal or a second electrical signal.
  • the classic optical signal that is, the above-mentioned non-1550nm classic light
  • the second transmission module converts the classic optical signal into a digital electrical signal
  • the audio encoding module at the receiving end decodes the digital electrical signal to restore the audio data (audio restored here)
  • Data corresponds to the above-mentioned first display signal
  • the video encoding module at the receiving end decodes the digital electrical signal to restore video data (the video data restored here corresponds to the above-mentioned first display signal), or the audio-video module at the receiving end
  • the digital electrical signal is decoded to restore video data and audio data (the video data and audio data corresponding to the above first display signal are restored here); the audio data or/and video data restored above are displayed on the receiving end display device .
  • the second transmission module converts the classic optical signal into a first electrical signal (digital electrical signal), and the decryption module decrypts the first electrical signal using the classic password shared with the sending end.
  • the audio encoding module at the receiving end decodes the decrypted digital electrical signal to restore the audio data (the recovered audio data corresponds to the above second display signal), or the video encoding module at the receiving end Decode the decrypted digital electrical signal to restore video data (the video data recovered here corresponds to the above second display signal), or the audio and video module at the receiving end decodes the decrypted digital electrical signal to restore it
  • Video data and audio data (the video data and audio data restored here correspond to the above-mentioned second display signal); the audio data or/and video data restored above are displayed in the receiving end display device.
  • the second transmission module converts the classic optical signal into a second electrical signal (digital electrical signal), and the decryption module decrypts the second electrical signal using the quantum key shared with the sending end
  • the audio encoding module at the receiving end decodes the decrypted digital electrical signal to restore the audio data (the recovered audio data corresponds to the above third display signal), or the video encoding at the receiving end
  • the module decodes the decrypted digital electrical signal to restore video data (the restored video data corresponds to the third display signal above), or the audio and video module at the receiving end decodes the decrypted digital electrical signal to restore Video data and audio data are output (the video data and audio data are restored here correspond to the above-mentioned third display signal); the audio data or/and video data restored above are displayed in the receiving end display device.
  • the above three modes of the receiving end are selected and switched by the second control module according to the external input instruction.
  • the third transmission module receives the leaked optical signal extracted by the spectroscopic module (the leaked optical signal here is an optical signal combined with a classic optical signal and a quantum optical signal, the leaked light itself is weak, and the quantum light therein is weaker, So for eavesdropping, it can be directly ignored without demultiplexing, and the transmission module itself cannot detect quantum light), and convert the received optical signal into a third electrical signal;
  • the leaked optical signal here is an optical signal combined with a classic optical signal and a quantum optical signal, the leaked light itself is weak, and the quantum light therein is weaker, So for eavesdropping, it can be directly ignored without demultiplexing, and the transmission module itself cannot detect quantum light
  • the password cracking module runs a cracking program to crack the third signal to obtain a fourth display signal displayed on the display device.
  • the password cracking mode is a password cracking machine with brute force cracking capability.
  • the cracking program By running the cracking program on the built-in micro PC, the password data extracted (or stolen) is guessed and tried for the signal data.
  • the eavesdropped signal is brute-forced.
  • the encrypted password of the signal data is cracked (including the original non-encrypted data, of course), it is submitted to the audio decoding module or/and the video decoding module for decoding and restoration operations, and the source sent by the sending end is restored
  • the data is displayed on the eavesdropping display device.
  • the stolen data is successfully restored to the source data after cracking; in the second mode, the stolen data encrypted with the classic password is successfully restored to a portion of the source data; third In this mode, the stolen data encrypted by the quantum key cannot successfully restore the source data no matter how it is cracked.
  • the above-mentioned splitting module is an optical fiber holder.
  • the optical fiber holder is used in a communication line that uses optical fiber as a transmission medium.
  • the optical signal is injected into and out of the optical fiber without cutting the optical fiber.
  • Optical fiber device; the eavesdropping end is connected to the optical fiber line between the transmitting end and the receiving end through the optical fiber holder.
  • the optical splitter module is an optical splitter.
  • the optical splitter includes an input terminal, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal.
  • the input terminal is connected to the first transmission module.
  • the first output terminal is connected to the second transmission module, and the second output terminal is connected to the third transmission module.
  • the transmission module has bidirectional transmission capability, but the optical fiber holder has directionality. According to the different directions of the optical fiber holder, it can only extract the optical signal transmitted in a single direction, that is, it can only extract the optical signal sent by the sending end or can only extract The optical signal from the receiving end.
  • the optical splitter has no directivity, and the optical signal can be extracted simultaneously in both directions.
  • the signal transmission flow diagram of the optical fiber communication eavesdropping teaching demonstration system of the present application the transmission of plain text corresponds to the first mode, and the transmission of classic encrypted ciphertext corresponds to the first Two modes, the transmission of quantum encrypted ciphertext corresponds to the third mode.

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Abstract

一种光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，包括发送端、接收端和窃听端，接收端通过光纤线路连接发送端，光信号在发送端和接收端之间借助光纤线路传输时，窃听端通过夹持在光纤线路上的分光模块来弯曲该光纤造成微弱的泄露光从而提取该光纤线路上带有源数据的光信号，而后通过密码破解的方式还原出源数据，实现光纤通信窃听。另一方面，发送端与接收端之间支持针对源数据处理的三种模式下的光通信，而窃听端通过演示针对这三种模式下的数据还原效果来间接展示三种模式下光纤通信的防窃听差异。光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，能够兼容三种模式的教学演示，并能形象、直观的对比演示量子密钥加密方式相较于其它方式的防窃听效果，具有积极实际的科普意义。

Description

光纤通信窃听教学演示系统 技术领域
本发明涉及量子保密通信技术领域，具体涉及一种光纤通信窃听教学演示系统。
背景技术
光纤光缆在传输信号上具有通信容量大、传输距离远、保密性好等特点，已成为现代通信的主要方式之一。但其保密性是基于光纤传输的光波不能跑出光纤以外为前提的，随着现代光纤通信窃听技术的发展，从光纤线路上人为地泄露出部分光已不存在技术障碍，比如，光纤弯曲法、V型槽切口法、散射法、光束分离法、渐进耦合法等，尤其是近年来出现的光纤弯曲法，只需要不到1％的泄漏光就能进行窃听，而且整个窃听过程不会切断光纤造成通信业务的中断，故而用户难以察觉到这种窃听行为的存在，因此光纤通信的所谓“天然”保密性已不再有效，基于光纤光缆的数据通信已经越来越不安全。
光纤通信窃听是从军事领域发展而来，普通大众还无法了解其奥秘，甚至都不知道有光纤通信窃听的存在，因而对光通信的保密性需求还不以为然。为了使广大用户能了解光纤通信窃听的奥秘，普及通信安全基础知识，需要一套可用于演示光纤通信窃听的教学演示系统。
公开号为CN103824487A的中国专利，公开了一种基于量子密钥通信的窃听演示装置，采用光开关的切换配合指示灯点亮熄灭来演示对量子信号的分光攻击过程，但，该装置不能形象、直观的对比演示量子密钥加密方式与其它加密方式，以及非加密方式的防窃听效果。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，该系统能够兼容三种模式的教学演示，并能形象、直观的对比演示量子密钥加密方式相较于经典加密方式，以及非加密方式的防窃听效果。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，包括发送端、接收端和窃听端，所述发送端以光信号的形式发送源数据，所述接收端通过光纤线路连接发送端，所述窃听端通过夹持在光纤上的分光模块产生并提取所述光纤线路上的泄露光；所述发送端、接收端和窃听端均设有显示设备用于显示各自接收的显示信号；
所述发送端包括，
加密模块，其使用量子密钥对所述源数据进行加密、或者使用经典密码对所述源数据进行加密；
第一传输模块，其将所述源数据转换成光信号后发送出去、或者将经过所述加密模块加密后的源数据转换成光信号发送出去；
所述接收端包括，
第二传输模块，其接收所述发送端发送的光信号，并将接收到的光信号转换成直接在所述显示设备中显示的第一显示信号；或者将接收到的光信号转换成第一电信号或者第二电信号；
解密模块，其使用与所述发送端共享的经典密码对所述第一电信号进行解密，获得在所述显示设备中显示的第二显示信号；或者使用与所述发送端共享的量子密钥对所述第二电信号进行解密，获得在所述显示设备中显示的第三显示信号；
所述窃听端包括，
第三传输模块，其接收所述分光模块提取的泄漏光信号，并将接收到的光信号转换成第三电信号；
密码破解模块，其运行破解程序对所述第三电信号进行破解，获得在所述显示设备中显示的第四显示信号。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述发送端和接收端分别配置有量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob，所述量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob基于BB84协议为收发两端分发相同的量子密钥；所述量子密钥分配终端Alice与加密模块连接，产生的量子密钥供发送端进行数据加密；所述量子密钥分配终端Bob与解密模块连接，产生的量子密钥供接收端进行数据解密。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述发送端还包括波分复用模块；所述量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob之间分发相同量子密钥时的量子光信号与所述第一传输模块转换后的经典光信号通过所述波分复用模块复用并耦合到同一根光纤中，复用后的合波光信号经该光纤传输至所述接收端。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述接收端还包括波分解复用模块，所述波分解复用模块用于对接收的合波光信号进行解复用，从而分离出量子光信号和经典光信号；分离出的量子光信号和经典光信号将重新分配给量子密钥分配终端Bob和第二传输模块。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述发送端还包括第一控制模块，所述第一控制模块根据外部输入指令选择是否需要加密所述源数据，以及控制切换所述加密模块使用经典密码或者量子密钥加密所述源数据。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述第一控制模块还用于根据外部输入而产生用于加密源数据的所述经典密码。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述接收端还包括第二控制模块， 所述第二控制模块根据外部输入指令选择是否解密经第二传输模块接收并转换后的电信号，以及控制切换所述解密模块使用经典密码或者量子密钥解密经第二传输模块转换后的所述电信号。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述源数据为音频数据或/和视频数据；所述发送端还包括音频编码器或/和视频编码器；所述接收端和窃听端均还包括音频解码器或/和视频解码器。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述分光模块为光纤夹持器，所述窃听端通过所述光纤夹持器连接在发送端与接收端之间的光纤线路上。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括所述分光模块为光分路器，所述光分路器包括输入端、第一输出端和第二输出端，所述输入端与第一传输模块连接，所述第一输出端与第二传输模块连接，所述第二输出端与第三传输模块连接。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，能够兼容三种模式的教学演示，并能形象、直观的对比演示量子密钥加密方式相较于经典加密方式，以及非加密方式的防窃听效果。其具有以下技术优势：
1、只有对比才能看出差异，本申请的教学演示系统通过对比演示，能够非常直观的演示量子密钥加密通信、经典密码加密通信和非加密通信三种光纤通信模式的防窃听效果的差异性，能够直观的凸显量子密钥加密通信的绝对安全性，教学效果好。
2、以视频数据或者音频数据，以及音视频数据作为演示用的源数据，能够极大提升教学演示的感官效果。
3、使用波分复用技术，将原本分别在量子信道和经典信道传输的量子光和经典光耦合进一根光纤中通过经典信道传输至接收端，一方面简化了光路结构(由传统的两根光纤(一根用于量子信道，一根用于经典信道)简化为一根光纤(经典信道))；另一方面，由于量子光传输过程中如果被窃听将引起量子光 变化，导致误码率增大，通过对量子光的探测便能及时发觉光纤线路上存在着第三方窃听，借助这一机制便可实现对在经典信道上合波混传的光信号进行窃听侦测，也就实现了对从发送端到接收端传输的源数据的窃听检测。
附图说明
图1是本发明优选实施例中光纤通信窃听教学演示系统的结构框图；
图2是本发明优选实施例中发送端的内部结构框图；
图3是本发明优选实施例中接收端的内部结构框图；
图4是本发明优选实施例中窃听端的内部结构框图；
图5是本发明优选实施例中光纤通信窃听教学演示系统的信号传输流程框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例
如图1～4所示，本实施例公开了一种光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，包括发送端、接收端和窃听端，上述发送端以光信号的形式发送源数据，上述接收端通过光纤线路连接发送端，上述窃听端通过夹持在该光纤上的分光模块产生并提取光纤线路上的泄露光。
本申请的教学演示系统，能够兼容演示三种通信模式下的光纤通信窃听效果，其分别为：
第一种模式：源数据在非加密状态下从发送端传输至接收端；
第二种模式：源数据经过经典密码加密后从发送端传输至接收端；
第三种模式：源数据经过量子密钥加密后从发送端传输至接收端。
光信号在发送端和接收端之间借助光纤线路传输时，窃听端提取光纤线路上的泄漏光信号，通过密码破解的方式还原出源数据，实现光纤通信窃听。另一方面，发送端与接收端之间支持针对源数据处理的三种模式下的光通信，而窃听端通过演示针对这三种模式下的数据还原效果来间接展示光纤通信的防窃听差异。其具体实施方案如下：
本实施例技术方案中，上述源数据为音频数据或/和视频数据，采用市面上常用的高清会议摄像机，该摄像机自带高清摄像头和全向麦克风，支持单独采集音频数据、单独采集视频数据，以及视频数据和音频数据同步采集。本申请的教学演示系统，以视频数据或者音频数据，以及音视频数据作为演示用的源数据，能够极大提升教学演示的感官效果。
上述发送端包括第一控制模块、音频编码模块或/和视频编码模块、加密模块、第一传输模块、波分复用模块，以及量子密钥分配终端Alice、数据源和第一显示设备。上述第一显示设备中显示采集获取的源数据。
上述接收端包括第二控制模块、波分解复用模块、第二传输模块、解密模块、音频解码模块或/和视频解码模块，以及量子密钥分配终端Bob和第二显示设备。
上述窃听端包括第三传输模块、密码破解模块、音频解码模块或/和视频解码模块以及分光模块和第三显示设备。
上述音频编码模块对采集到的音频信号进行编码处理后输出数字电信号，视频编码模块对采集到的视频信号进行编码处理后输出数字电信号。
上述加密模块使用量子密钥对经过上述编码处理后获得的数字电信号进行加密、或者使用经典密码对经过上述编码处理后获得的数字电信号进行加密。
具体的：
对应第一种模式：音频编码模块、视频编码模块对采集的音频信号、视频信号处理后输出数字电信号，第一传输模块将数字电信号转换成光信号。
对应第二种模式：音频编码模块、视频编码模块对采集的音频信号、视频信号处理后输出数字电信号，加密模块使用经典密码对数字电信号进行加密，获得经典加密后的数字电信号，第一传输模块将经典加密后的数字电信号转换成光信号。
对应第三种模式：音频编码模块、视频编码模块对采集的音频信号、视频信号处理后输出数字电信号，加密模块使用量子密钥对数字电信号进行加密，获得量子加密后的数字电信号，第一传输模块将量子加密后的数字电信号转换成光信号。
发送端的以上三种模式，由第一控制模块根据外部输入指令选择切换。
此处，本申请的量子密钥和经典密码基于以下途径获得：
(1)量子密钥
上述量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob基于BB84协议为收发两端分发相同的量子密钥；上述密钥分配终端Alice与加密模块连接，密钥分配终端Alice产生的量子密钥供发送端进行数据加密；上述量子密钥分配终端Bob与解密模块连接，量子密钥分配终端Bob产生的量子密钥供接收端进行数据解密。此处，量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob基于BB84协议分发相同量子密钥时，量子密钥分配终端Alice发出量子光，量子密钥分配终端Bob通过单光子探测器探测量子密钥分配终端Alice发出的量子光，并告之Alice自己选用的测量基矢，Alice比较了自己与Bob的测量基矢后选择保留相同测量基矢的测量结果并告之Bob丢弃测量基不一致的测量结果，最后的 结果便是Alice和Bob取得了一致的测量结果(即最终进行分发的量子密钥)。
在本申请的另一种实施例中，用于加解密的量子密钥还可以由量子真随机数发生器产生，用于产生量子密钥的量子真随机数发生器可以外置，也可以配置在发送端或者接收端上，产生量子密钥后直接输出给发送端和接收端。
(2)经典密码
本申请的经典密码由上述第一控制模块根据外部输入而产生，经典密码产生后，发送端和接收端共享相同的经典密码。此处，考虑到本申请的演示系统适用于教学演示中，还可以通过人机交互界面手动输入经典密码，且在发送端和接收端输入相同的经典密码。
本申请演示系统的三种通信模式由第一控制模块和第二控制模块配合切换，具体为：上述第一控制模块根据外部输入指令选择是否需要加密上述经编码处理获得的数字电信号，以及控制切换上述加密模块使用经典密码或者量子密钥加密上述经编码处理获得的数字电信号。
上述第一传输模块将上述经编码处理获得的数字电信号转换成经典光信号，或者将经过加密模块加密后的数字电信号转换成经典光信号(包括使用经典密码加密后的经典光信号、使用量子密钥加密后的经典光信号)。
上述量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob之间分发相同量子密钥时的量子光信号与上述第一传输模块转换后的经典光信号通过上述波分复用模块复用并耦合进同一根光纤中，复用后的合波光信号经该光纤线路传输至接收端。
上述波分解复用模块对接收到的合波光信号进行解复用，分离出量子光信号和经典光信号。
具体的，在本申请的其中一个实施例中，上述波分复用模块选用无源四通 道紧凑型波分复用器(CCWDM)，波分复用器将量子密钥分配终端Alice输入的量子光(1550nm)和经第一传输模块转换后的非1550nm的经典光混合复用耦合至一根光纤(经典信道光纤)中。上述波分解复用模块同样优选无源四通道紧凑型波分复用器，将发送端发送过来的光进行解复用，分离出波长为1550nm的量子光和非1550nm的经典光，并将1550nm的量子光分配到量子密钥分配终端Bob的纤芯上，而非1550nm的经典光分配至第二传输模块上。
上述第二传输模块接收经上述波分解复用模块分离出的经典光信号(即上述的非1550nm经典光)，并将接收到的光信号转换成直接在上述显示设备中显示的第一显示信号；或者将接收到的光信号转换成第一电信号或者第二电信号。
具体的:
对应第一种模式，第二传输模块接收经典光信号后，将经典光信号转换成数字电信号，接收端的音频编码模块对数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出音频数据(此处还原出的音频数据对应上述第一显示信号)，或者接收端的视频编码模块对数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出视频数据(此处还原出的视频数据对应上述第一显示信号)，或者接收端的音视频模块对数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出视频数据和音频数据(此处还原出视频数据和音频数据对应上述第一显示信号)；以上还原出的音频数据或/和视频数据在接收端显示设备中显示。
对应第二种模式，第二传输模块接收经典光信号后，将经典光信号转换成第一电信号(数字电信号)，解密模块使用与发送端共享的经典密码对第一电信号进行解密，获得解密后的数字电信号，接收端的音频编码模块对解密后的数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出音频数据(此处还原出的音频数据对应上述第二显示信号)，或者接收端的视频编码模块对解密后的数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出视频数据(此处还原出的视频数据对应上述第二显示信号)，或者接收端的音视频模块对解密后的数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出视频数据和音频数据(此处还原出视频数据和音频数据对应上述第二显示信号)；以上还原出 的音频数据或/和视频数据在接收端显示设备中显示。
对应第三种模式，第二传输模块接收经典光信号后，将经典光信号转换成第二电信号(数字电信号)，解密模块使用与发送端共享的量子密钥对第二电信号进行解密，获得解密后的数字电信号，接收端的音频编码模块对解密后的数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出音频数据(此处还原出的音频数据对应上述第三显示信号)，或者接收端的视频编码模块对解密后的数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出视频数据(此处还原出的视频数据对应上述第三显示信号)，或者接收端的音视频模块对解密后的数字电信号进行解码处理，还原出视频数据和音频数据(此处还原出视频数据和音频数据对应上述第三显示信号)；以上还原出的音频数据或/和视频数据在接收端显示设备中显示。
接收端的以上三种模式，由第二控制模块根据外部输入指令选择切换。
上述第三传输模块接收上述分光模块提取的泄露光信号(此处的泄露光信号为经典光信号和量子光信号复合后的光信号，泄露光本身就很微弱，其中的量子光就更弱，所以对于窃听而言无需再解复用可直接忽略，况且传输模块本身无法探测到量子光)，并将接收到的光信号转换成第三电信号；
上述密码破解模块运行破解程序对上述第三信号进行破解，获得在上述显示设备中显示的第四显示信号。本实施例技术方案中，密码破解模为具有暴力破解能力的密码破解机，通过在内置的微型PC机上运行破解程序来对提取(或者窃取)的信号数据进行密码猜测和尝试，用于演示对窃听到的信号进行暴力破解，一旦破解信号数据的加密密码(当然也包括原本就是非加密的数据)则提交给音频解码模块或/和视频解码模块进行解码还原操作，还原出发送端发送的源数据，并在窃听显示设备中显示。
以上，经过实际演示，第一种模式下，窃取到的数据经过破解成功还原出源数据；第二种模式下，窃取到的经经典密码加密的数据经过破解成功还原出 部分源数据；第三种模式下，窃取到的经量子密钥加密的数据无论怎么破解都无法成功还原出源数据。
具体的，上述分光模块为光纤夹持器，光纤夹持器是一种使用在以光纤为传输介质的通信线路中，在光纤的中间点，用不切断光纤的方法使光信号射入、射出光纤的装置；上述窃听端通过上述光纤夹持器连接在发送端与接收端之间的光纤线路上。
在本申请的另一种实施例中，上述分光模块为光分路器，上述光分路器包括输入端、第一输出端和第二输出端，上述输入端与第一传输模块连接，上述第一输出端与第二传输模块连接，上述第二输出端与第三传输模块连接。
传输模块具有双向传输能力，但光纤夹持器具有方向性，根据其夹持光纤的方向的不同只能提取单一方向上传输的光信号，即只能提取发送端发出的光信号或只能提取接收端发出的光信号。光分路器没有方向性，可以正反两个方向同时实施光信号提取。
另，为了更清楚的描述本申请的三种模式，如图5所示本申请光纤通信窃听教学演示系统的信号传输流程框图，明文的传输对应第一种模式，经典加密密文的传输对应第二种模式，量子加密密文的传输对应第三种模式。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，包括发送端、接收端和窃听端，所述发送端以光信号的形式发送源数据，所述接收端通过光纤线路连接发送端，所述窃听端通过夹持在光纤上的分光模块产生并提取所述光纤线路上的泄露光；所述发送端、接收端和窃听端均设有显示设备用于显示各自接收的显示信号；其特征在于：
    所述发送端包括，
    加密模块，其使用量子密钥对所述源数据进行加密、或者使用经典密码对所述源数据进行加密；
    第一传输模块，其将所述源数据转换成光信号后发送出去、或者将经过所述加密模块加密后的源数据转换成光信号发送出去；
    所述接收端包括，
    第二传输模块，其接收所述发送端发送的光信号，并将接收到的光信号转换成直接在所述显示设备中显示的第一显示信号；或者将接收到的光信号转换成第一电信号或者第二电信号；
    解密模块，其使用与所述发送端共享的经典密码对所述第一电信号进行解密，获得在所述显示设备中显示的第二显示信号；或者使用与所述发送端共享的量子密钥对所述第二电信号进行解密，获得在所述显示设备中显示的第三显示信号；
    所述窃听端包括，
    第三传输模块，其接收所述分光模块提取的泄漏光信号，并将接收到的光信号转换成第三电信号；
    密码破解模块，其运行破解程序对所述第三电信号进行破解，获得在所述显示设备中显示的第四显示信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述发送端和接收端分别配置有量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob，所述量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob基于BB84协议为收发两端分发相同的量子密钥；所述量子密钥分配终端Alice与加密模块连接，产生的量子密钥供发送端进行数据加密；所述量子密钥分配终端Bob与解密模块连接，产生的量子密钥供接收端进行数据解密。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述发送端还包括波分复用模块；所述量子密钥分配终端Alice和量子密钥分配终端Bob之间分发相同量子密钥时的量子光信号与所述第一传输模块转换后的经典光信号通过所述波分复用模块复用并耦合到同一根光纤中，复用后的合波光信号经该光纤传输至所述接收端。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述接收端还包括波分解复用模块，所述波分解复用模块用于对接收的合波光信号进行解复用，从而分离出量子光信号和经典光信号；分离出的量子光信号和经典光信号将重新分配给量子密钥分配终端Bob和第二传输模块。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述发送端还包括第一控制模块，所述第一控制模块根据外部输入指令选择是否需要加密所述源数据，以及控制切换所述加密模块使用经典密码或者量子密钥加密所述源数据。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述第一控制模块还用于根据外部输入而产生用于加密源数据的所述经典密码。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述接 收端还包括第二控制模块，所述第二控制模块根据外部输入指令选择是否解密经第二传输模块接收并转换后的电信号，以及控制切换所述解密模块使用经典密码或者量子密钥解密经第二传输模块转换后的所述电信号。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述源数据为音频数据或/和视频数据；所述发送端还包括音频编码器或/和视频编码器；所述接收端和窃听端均还包括音频解码器或/和视频解码器。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述分光模块为光纤夹持器，所述窃听端通过所述光纤夹持器连接在发送端与接收端之间的光纤线路上。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的光纤通信窃听教学演示系统，其特征在于：所述分光模块为光分路器，所述光分路器包括输入端、第一输出端和第二输出端，所述输入端与第一传输模块连接，所述第一输出端与第二传输模块连接，所述第二输出端与第三传输模块连接。
PCT/CN2019/116669 2018-12-28 2019-11-08 光纤通信窃听教学演示系统 WO2020134643A1 (zh)

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