WO2020134580A1 - 真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法 - Google Patents

真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134580A1
WO2020134580A1 PCT/CN2019/115483 CN2019115483W WO2020134580A1 WO 2020134580 A1 WO2020134580 A1 WO 2020134580A1 CN 2019115483 W CN2019115483 W CN 2019115483W WO 2020134580 A1 WO2020134580 A1 WO 2020134580A1
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Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
square rod
square
static
rod
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/115483
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢和平
朱建波
周韬
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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Publication of WO2020134580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134580A1/zh
Priority to US17/359,260 priority Critical patent/US11703433B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/307Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048Hydraulic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011Velocity or travel time
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/015Attenuation, scattering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023Solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for testing the dynamic mechanical properties of solid materials such as rocks, concrete, and polymers, and particularly to the dynamic damage evolution of solid materials such as rocks, concrete, and polymers based on true three-axis Hopkinson rod dynamic and static combined loading conditions. Research on the influence of ultrasonic wave and stress wave propagation and attenuation law.
  • Rocks, concrete and other materials contain a large number of holes, cracks, joints and other defects. Studying the damage and failure laws of rock, concrete and other materials under dynamic impact loading can better analyze the dynamic characteristics of rock, concrete and other solid materials. At the same time, understanding the dynamic damage evolution law of solid materials such as rocks and concrete will help to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the influence of the dynamic damage evolution of solid materials on the propagation and attenuation laws of ultrasonic waves and stress waves. At present, the research on the dynamic damage of rock, concrete and other materials is mainly based on the dynamic impact of Hopkinson rod or the combination of dynamic and static loading, and the use of CT scanning equipment or ultrasonic instruments to calibrate the dynamic damage of rock, concrete and other materials.
  • the existing technical method for studying dynamic damage is to disassemble the sample after dynamic and static loading of the Hopkinson rod, and then use other equipment (such as a CT scanning device or an ultrasonic instrument) to perform damage detection on the sample.
  • Existing methods separate the dynamic and static combined loading and damage detection separately.
  • there are some testing devices for dynamic properties of solid materials such as rocks and concrete, which only realize the dynamics of one-dimensional impact loading or one-dimensional impact loading of rock and concrete materials under the static prestress of constant pressure Characteristic research.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method that can test the dynamic impact damage evolution of solid materials such as rock and concrete and their influence on the attenuation law of ultrasonic propagation speed, amplitude and frequency spectrum under the in-situ pressure holding state to compensate
  • Existing technical methods for dynamic testing of solid materials such as rocks and concrete based on Hopkinson rods have defects in the dynamic damage testing of materials under in-situ pressure holding conditions and the study of their effects on ultrasonic propagation and attenuation laws.
  • a key breakthrough of the three-axis six-way synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading Hopkinson rod system is the true three-axis Hopkinson rod solid dynamic damage and ultrasonic propagation test method. This method refers to the study of dynamic impact damage and its effect on the propagation and attenuation of ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving system without releasing the static prestress (confining pressure) in situ.
  • the three processes are respectively at X , Y, Z three directions of the incident rod and the transmission rod end using an ultrasonic probe to transmit and receive the transmission ultrasonic signal in the rock, concrete and other materials under different damage states, and then use the ultrasonic signal to analyze the rock, concrete, etc.
  • the dynamic damage evolution and damage evolution anisotropy of the material under in-situ pressure holding and its influence on the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation law.
  • the present invention provides a true three-axis Hopkinson rod solid dynamic damage and ultrasonic propagation test method, the test method uses a three-axis six-direction Hopkinson rod system for testing,
  • the test device is placed on a horizontal cross support platform, which includes X + direction support platform, x direction support platform, Y + direction support platform, Y _ direction support platform, and center support platform.
  • the upper surface of the central cube box is completely open, ie Fully open along the Z + direction, along the X + direction, X _ direction, Y + direction, Y _ direction, and Z direction, respectively, set square openings in the middle of the central cube box, and the size of the square opening is the same as the size of the square rod, Place square rods in the X, Y, and Z directions in the square hole, and the square rod is provided with a boss on the side near the loading end of the incident stress wave; the central cube box is placed in the center of the upper surface of the central support platform and is horizontal to the horizontal cross
  • the support platform forms an orthogonal coordinate system for precise positioning and positioning of the three-axis six-direction Hopkinson rod system Alignment;
  • the square rods of X + direction, X _ direction, Y + direction, Y _ direction, + direction and + direction of the three-axis six-direction Hopkinson rod system are fixed by self-lubricating square rods and support frames.
  • the square rod and the central cube square box are centered and connected at the square opening;
  • the confining pressure hydraulic cylinder and the confining pressure actuator are combined in series with the confining pressure loading frame, and the confining pressure loading frame is connected in series with the boss for confining pressure
  • the force of the loading hydraulic cylinder is transmitted to the square rod and the test sample;
  • test method steps are as follows:
  • the first step Before applying static prestress and impact load, an ultrasonic probe is placed on the incident end of the square rod in six directions.
  • the ultrasonic transmission probe emits an ultrasonic incident signal
  • the ultrasonic signal along X + propagates to the square rod and passes through the cube sample, and then continues to propagate to x _ to the square rod until the ultrasonic transmission signal is received by the ultrasonic receiving probe on the side of X _ to the square rod, record and save without static prestress and
  • the ultrasonic signal propagates along the Y + toward the square rod and passes through the cubic sample, and then continues Proceed to Y _ to the square rod until the ultrasonic transmission signal is received by the ultrasonic receiving probe on the side of the Y _ to the square rod, record and save the complete ultrasonic signal in the Y direction without static prestress and impact load; in the Z direction, Use Z + to transmit the ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe on the side of the square rod.
  • the ultrasonic signal propagates along the Z + toward the square rod and passes through the cube sample, and then continues to propagate toward the Z_ square rod until it is Z_ toward the square rod
  • An ultrasonic receiving probe on one side receives the ultrasonic transmission signal, and records and stores the complete ultrasonic signal in the Z direction without static prestress and impact load;
  • the second step apply static prestress, take X direction as an example to give the way of applying static prestress: Open the high-pressure oil pipe, fill the hydraulic cylinder with X + to the surrounding pressure through the oil inlet to fill the oil, and push X + towards The confining pressure actuator moves forward and contacts with the X + confining pressure loading frame; continue to apply oil pressure to push the X + confining pressure loading actuator forward and transfer the axial pressure through the X + to the boss
  • the square rod in the X + direction acts on the cube sample to subject it to precise static prestress in the X direction.
  • the loading principle of the static confining pressure in the Y and Z directions is the same as the X direction;
  • Step 3 Under the static prestress of the second step, X + is used again to transmit the ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe on the side of the square rod, and X_ is used to receive the ultrasonic receiving probe on the side of the square rod
  • the ultrasonic transmission signal after loading the sample through the static prestress, record and save the X under static prestress
  • the ultrasonic signal in the complete direction; in the Y direction, use Y + to transmit the ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe on the side of the square rod, and use Y _ to the ultrasonic receiving probe on the side of the square rod to receive the static prestress loading sample Ultrasonic transmission signal, record and save the complete ultrasonic signal in the Y direction under static prestress; in the Z direction, use Z + to transmit the ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe on the side of the square rod, and use Z _ to the side of the square rod
  • the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic transmission signal after loading the sample
  • the fourth step apply the impact load, taking the X direction as an example to give the method of applying the impact load: After the operation of the third step above, remove the tightly attached to the X + and X _ square rod and Ultrasonic transmitting probe and ultrasonic receiving probe, and then X + to the electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity and X +
  • Excitation electromagnetic pulse to the supporting frame is placed in the chamber X + pressed around the loading box, and placed in X + square rod toward the incoming end and the free end toward the incident X + square rod and a snug fit, along a X X + is applied to the test specimens to the incident end of the rod + square pulse to a dynamic loading stress
  • the excitation chamber and X _ X _ excitation electromagnetic pulse to the electromagnetic pulse chamber to the supporting frame placed in X _ confining pressure loading frame It is placed on the incident end of the square rod of X _ direction, and fits freely and tightly with the incident end of the square rod of X _, and is used to apply the dynamic stress pulse of X direction to the test sample along the incident end of the square rod of X _ Loads; in the same way, after the same operations in the Y and Z directions as in the X direction, the three-axis six-direction synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading system can be used to apply dynamic impact loads to the test specimen;
  • Step 5 After the dynamic impact loading test is completed, continue to maintain the static prestress in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, that is, without releasing the static prestress, move the X + to the electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity and X + electromagnetic pulse excitation chamber to the support frame, and then transmit the ultrasonic probe is placed in the X + direction confining pressure loading frame, and placed at the entrance end of the X + square bars, and X + and toward the incoming end of the square bar free and tight Fitting; In the same way, after performing the same operations in X_, Y + , Y, Z + , Z_ directions as in X + direction, all the electromagnetic pulse excitation cavities and the support frame of the electromagnetic pulse excitation cavities can be removed , And the ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are freely and tightly attached to the incident end of the square rod; then, without releasing the static prestress state, X + is used to transmit the ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe on the side
  • the distance of the boss from the loading end of the incident stress wave of the square rod is 3% to 7% of the length of the square rod.
  • the length of the boss is 1.5% to 4% of the length of the square rod.
  • the diameter of the boss is 1.5 to 2.5 times the side length of the square rod cross section.
  • the static confining pressure loading servo controller system is used to realize the static prestress control loading in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, and the three directions of X, Y, and Z
  • the static prestress can flexibly set the respective load amplitude according to the experimental test needs.
  • the three-axis six-direction synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading system is used to realize the synchronous or delayed control loading of the dynamic impact load in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, and X,
  • the dynamic impact loads in the three directions of Y and Z can be flexibly set according to the needs of experimental testing.
  • the X + direction static confining pressure and the X direction static confining pressure belong to the same size and opposite direction of the force and reaction force relationship;
  • Y + direction static confining pressure and Y _ direction static confining pressure belong to the size The relationship between the opposite acting force and the reaction force in the equal direction;
  • the static confining pressure in Z + direction and the static confining pressure in Z _ direction belong to the relationship between the opposite force and reaction force in the same direction.
  • the present invention for the first time realizes the dynamic impact damage evolution of rock, concrete and other solid materials under in-situ pressure holding state and its influence on the attenuation laws of ultrasonic wave propagation speed, amplitude and frequency spectrum.
  • the setting of the boss can realize that the static prestress (confining pressure) is applied to the test sample, and the incident end of the Hopkinson pressure rod can be ensured as the free end. There is no guarantee that the ends of the incident rod and the transmission rod of the Hopkinson are in a free state, thus providing test conditions for the subsequent application of electromagnetic excitation stress pulses (dynamic shock loads) and ultrasonic testing under in-situ pressure holding conditions.
  • the X, Y, Z three-way ultrasonic propagation test can realize the analysis of the dynamic anisotropy of rock damage and its impact on the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation laws.
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a three-axis six-way synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading Hopkinson rod test system
  • FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional six-axis synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading Hopkinson rod dynamic damage test system three-dimensional diagram
  • FIG. 3 is a three-axis six-way synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading Hopkinson rod dynamic damage test system.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a three-axis six-way synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading Hopkinson rod dynamic damage test system;
  • FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a square rod and a boss structure;
  • FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional front view of a square rod and boss structure
  • FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional left side view of a square rod and boss structure
  • FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection between the X + boss structure and the confining pressure loading system
  • FIG. 9 is a two-dimensional front view of the connection between the X + boss structure and the confining pressure loading system.
  • Electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 7-X + electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, 8-X + direction pressure loading frame, 9-X + direction boss, 10-X + direction connecting rod support bar, 11-X + Square rod, 12-X + self-lubricating square rod fixed support frame, 13-X + square rod centering positioning rail, 14-X_ loading fixed end baffle under confining pressure, 15-X_ square rod pair Middle positioning guide rail, 16-X_ direction support platform, nx direction connecting rod support bar, 18-X_ direction confining pressure loading frame, 19-X_ direction ultrasonic receiving probe, 20-X- direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, 21- X-direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame, 22-_direction boss, 23-X_direction square rod, 24-X_
  • Self-lubricating square rod fixing and supporting frame 25-Y + connecting rod supporting rod, 26-Y + loading end baffle to confining pressure, 27-Y + loading hydraulic cylinder to confining pressure, 28-Y + supporting platform , 29-Y + alignment guide rail to square rod, 30-Y + loading actuator to confining pressure, 31-Y + loading frame to confining pressure, 32-Y +
  • Ultrasonic emission probe 33-Y + electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, 34-Y + electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, 35-Y + projection, 36-Y + square rod, 37-Y + self-lubrication Beam fixing and support frame, 381_ loading fixed end baffle to confining pressure, 391_ supporting rod to connecting rod, 40-yah to loading frame to confining pressure, 41-Y_ to square Rod alignment positioning guide rail, 42-Y_ direction supporting platform, 43-Y_ direction ultrasonic receiving probe, 44- Y- direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, 45-Y- direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame, 46-Ya direction Boss, 47-Y_
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a three-axis six-way synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading Hopkinson rod system.
  • the test device is placed on a horizontal cross-support platform, which includes X + -direction support platform 1, X_-direction support platform 16, Y + -direction support platform 28, ⁇ _direction support platform 42, and center support platform 71.
  • the upper surface of the central cube box 69 (along the Z + direction) is completely open, and square openings are provided in the middle of the central cube box along the X + direction, X_ direction, Y + direction, Y_ direction, and _ direction, and The size of the square opening is the same as the size of the square rod; the central cube box 69 is placed in the center of the upper surface of the central support platform 71, and forms an orthogonal coordinate system with the horizontal cross support platform for the accuracy of the three-axis six-direction Hopkinson rod system Positioning and centering.
  • the X + -direction square rod 11 is fixed by the X + -direction self-lubricating square rod and the support frame 12, and the positioning guide rail 13 and the central cube square box 69 are aligned along the X + -direction square rod to achieve the centering connection at the X + -direction square opening X + confining pressure loading hydraulic cylinder 2 and X + confining pressure loading actuator 4 and X + confining pressure loading frame 8 in series combination, X + to electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 7 and X + to electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support
  • the rack 6 is placed in the X + direction confining pressure loading frame 8 and placed at the incident end of the X + direction square rod 11, And it fits freely and tightly with the incident end of X + direction square rod 11, X + confining pressure loading frame 8 and X + direction boss 9 are connected in series for testing the incident end of X + direction square rod 11
  • the sample applies X + to the static confining pressure and dynamic stress pulse load; X + to the connecting
  • the confining pressure loading end baffle 3 is connected with the central cube square box 69 to provide a fixed frame and a reaction force supporting system for applying static confining pressure to X + .
  • the X_direction square rod 23 is fixed by the X_direction self-lubricating square rod and the support frame 24, and the positioning guide rail 15 and the central cube box 69 along the X_direction square rod are centered and connected in the X_direction square opening;
  • the X_direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 20 and the X_direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 21 are placed inside the X_direction confining pressure loading frame 18, and placed at the incident end of the X-direction square rod 23, and
  • the incident end of the free and tight fit, the X _ confining pressure loading frame 18 is connected to the _ direction boss 22 for applying X _ to the static confining pressure and the test sample along the incident end of the X _ square rod 23
  • the fixed end baffle 14 loaded to the confining pressure is connected to the central cube box 69 to provide a fixed frame and a reaction force support system for the application of static static confining pressure.
  • the self-lubricating square rod is fixed and the support frame 37 is fixed, and the positioning guide rail 29 and the central cube square box 69 are centered along the Y + to the square rod to achieve the centering connection at the Y + to the square opening;
  • Y + loads the hydraulic cylinder 27 to the surrounding pressure and Y + and Y + to 30 confining pressure loading the series combination of frame 31, Y + and Y excitation chamber 34 to the electromagnetic confining pressure pulses to the actuator to load the excited electromagnetic pulse chamber to the support frame 33 is placed in the Y + confining pressure loading the inner frame 31, and placed in a Y + entrance end to a square rod 36, and the Y + direction square rod entrance end 36 free and snug fit, Y + the confining pressure loading frame 31 and Y + ledge 35 Connected in series, it is used to apply Y + static confining pressure and dynamic stress pulse load to the test sample along the Y + direction of the incident end of the square rod 36; Y + to the connecting rod support rod 25 will load
  • the Y-direction square rod 47 is fixed by the Y-direction self-lubricating square rod fixation and the support frame 48, and the positioning guide rail 41 and the central cube box 69 are aligned along the Y-direction square rod to achieve the centering connection at the square opening;
  • the electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 44 and the Y_direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 45 are placed inside the Y_direction confining pressure loading frame 40, and placed at the incident end of the Y-direction square rod 47, and the incident end of the Y-direction square rod 47 Free and tight fit, Y _ confining pressure loading frame 40 is connected to ⁇ _ direction boss 46, which is used to apply static confining pressure and dynamic stress pulse to the test specimen along the incident end of square rod 47 in Y direction Load, in the same way, Y + static confining pressure and Y _
  • the static confining pressure belongs to the relationship between the opposite force and reaction force in the same size and opposite direction; Y _
  • the connecting rod supporting rod 39 connects the Y-direction confining pressure loading fixed end baffle 38 and the central cube square box 69 to provide a fixed frame and reaction force supporting system for the application of static confining pressure.
  • the Z + -direction square rod 59 is fixed by the Z + -direction self-lubricating square rod and the support frame 58, along the Z +
  • the pressure loading frame 51 is combined in series, and the Z + -direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 55 and the Z + -direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 54 are placed in the Z + -direction confining pressure loading frame 51 and placed at the incident end of the Z + -direction square rod 59 , And is free and tightly attached to the incident end of the Z + direction square rod 59, the Z + direction confining pressure loading frame 51 and the Z + direction boss 56 are connected in series, for the Z + direction square rod 59 incident end pair
  • the test specimen is applied with Z + static confining pressure and dynamic stress pulse load;
  • Z + vertical fixation and support frame 52 is connected with the central cube box 69 to provide a fixed frame and reaction support system for Z + static confining pressure application
  • the Z-direction square rod 63 is fixed by the Z-direction self-lubricating square rod fixation and the support frame 60, and the positioning guide rail 62 and the central cube box 69 along the Z square rod centering are connected in the Z_direction square opening;
  • the pulse excitation cavity 67 and the Z_direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 68 are placed inside the Z_direction confining pressure loading frame 61, and placed at the incident end of the Z-direction square rod 63, and free from the incident end of the Z-direction square rod 63
  • the Z _ confining pressure loading frame 61 is connected to the _ direction boss 64, which is used to apply static static confining pressure and dynamic stress pulse load to the test sample along the incident end of the Z-directional square rod 63, the same
  • the static confining pressure in Z + direction and the static confining pressure in Z _ direction belong to the relationship of opposite forces and reaction forces in the same direction;
  • Z _ direction is vertically fixed
  • a central cube square box 69 is placed on the central support platform 71, and six faces of the central cube square box 69 are respectively reserved with square holes and observation holes, and square rods in the X, Y, and Z directions are placed in the square holes, and the square rods
  • a boss is provided on the side close to the loading end of the incident stress wave.
  • the distance between the boss and the loading end of the incident stress wave of the square rod can be 3% to 7% of the length of the square rod, and the length of the boss can be 1.5% to the length of the square rod.
  • the diameter of the boss can be 1.5 to 2.5 times the side length of the square rod cross section.
  • the first step Before applying the static prestress (confining pressure) and impact load, in the X direction, X + is used to transmit an ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe 5 on the side of the square rod 11, the ultrasonic signal is along X + Proceed to the square rod 11 and pass through the cube sample 70, and then continue to propagate to the X-directional square rod 23 until the ultrasonic transmission signal is received by the ultrasonic receiving probe 19 on the side of the X_ square rod 23, record and save without static pre
  • the second step applying static prestress (confining pressure), taking the X direction as an example to give the way of applying static prestressing (confining pressure): After installing the device and the cubic sample 70 as shown in FIG. 1, open high pressure tubing, through the inlet port to the load to X + confining pressure oil-filled hydraulic cylinder 2, the forward pushing motion to the X + confining pressure loading actuator 4, and the confining pressure + contact with the X-frame 8 is loaded; continues to apply hydraulic push to X + confining pressure loading actuator 4 moves forward, the axial pressure is transmitted to the X + direction by the boss 9 + X
  • the square rod 11 in the direction acts on the cubic sample 70 to subject it to a precise static prestress (confining pressure) in the X direction.
  • static prestress confining pressure
  • Y and Z directions the principle of static confining pressure loading in Y and Z directions is the same as that in X direction. It should be noted that through the static confining pressure loading servo controller system, the static prestress in the three directions of X, Y, and Z can be synchronously controlled and loaded, and the static prestress in the three directions of X, Y, and Z can be flexible according to the needs of experimental testing. Set their respective load amplitudes;
  • the third step After applying the static prestress (confining pressure), X + is used to transmit the ultrasonic incident signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe 5 on the side of the square rod 11 again, and X_ is used to receive the ultrasonic wave on the side of the square rod 23 the ultrasonic probe 19 receives the transmission signal after passing through a static prestressing sample, applying a static prestressing recorded and stored (confining pressure) X-direction of the complete ultrasonic signals; Y direction by the Y + side of square bars 36-
  • the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32 transmits an ultrasonic incident signal, and uses the ultrasonic receiving probe 43 on the side of the square bar 47_ to receive the ultrasonic transmission signal after loading the sample through the static prestress, record and save the static prestress applied (confining pressure)
  • the ultrasonic transmitting probe 53 on the side transmits the ultrasonic incident signal, and uses
  • the fourth step applying an impact load, taking the X direction as an example to give the way of applying the impact load:
  • the ultrasonic transmitting probe 5 and the ultrasonic receiving probe 19 on the top, and then the X + electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 7 and the X + electromagnetic electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 6 are placed in the X + confining pressure loading frame 8 and placed in X + square bars 11 to the entrance end, and with the + X end of the square rod free entrance 11 and a snug fit for the + X direction X is applied to the test specimens to the entrance end of the square rod 11 to dynamic stress pulse lOAD +
  • the X_direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 20 and the X_direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support frame 21 are placed in the X_direction confining pressure loading frame 18, and placed at the incident end of the X-direction square rod 23, and the X_direction
  • the three-axis six-direction synchronous coordinated control electromagnetic loading system can realize the synchronous or delayed control loading of the dynamic impact loads in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, and the dynamic impact loads in the three directions of X, Y, and Z According to the needs of experimental testing, the respective load amplitude can be flexibly set;
  • the fifth step After the dynamic impact loading test is completed, continue to maintain the static prestress in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, that is, the static prestress is not released, and the X + direction electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 7 and X are removed. + cavity excitation electromagnetic pulse to the support frame 6, and then transmit the ultrasonic probe is placed in the X + 5 confining pressure to the loading frame 8, and X + is placed on the entrance end of the square lever 11, and X + and
  • this technology measures damage in three times. The first is the test without any static pressure and dynamic impact load, the second is the test under only static pressure, and the third is under static load and generated After the dynamic impact, then continue to maintain the static pressure unchanged under the test of ultrasonic conditions.

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  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法,第一:在施加静态预应力和冲击荷载之前,记录并保存无静态预应力和冲击荷载作用下X、Y、Z方向完整的超声波信号;第二:施加静态预应力;第三:记录并保存施加静态预应力下X、Y、Z方向完整的超声波信号;第四:施加冲击荷载,利用三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载系统对立方体试样(70)施加动态冲击荷载;第五:待动态冲击加载试验结束后,在不解除静态预应力下,再次记录并保存施加静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后X、Y、Z方向完整的超声波信号。该方法实现了原位保压状态下测试岩石、混凝土等固体材料动态冲击损伤演化及其对超声波传播速度,幅值和频谱等衰减规律的影响。

Description

真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及岩石、 混凝土、 聚合物等固体材料的动态力学性能测试方法, 尤其 涉及基于真三轴霍普金森杆动静组合加载条件下岩石、 混凝土、 聚合物等固体 材料动态损伤演化及其对超声波、 应力波传播和衰减规律影响的研究。
背景技术
[0002] 岩石、 混凝土等材料内部包含着大量的孔洞, 裂隙, 节理等缺陷。 研究岩石、 混凝土等材料在动态冲击加载下的损伤破坏规律能更好的分析岩石、 混凝土等 固体材料的动力学特性。 同时, 了解岩石、 混凝土等固体材料的动态损伤演化 规律将有助于定性和定量的分析固体材料动态损伤演化对超声波与应力波传播 和衰减规律的影响。 目前, 对岩石、 混凝土等材料的动态损伤的研究主要是基 于霍普金森杆的动态冲击或动静组合加载后, 利用 CT扫描设备或超声波仪器等 来标定岩石、 混凝土等材料的动态损伤。
[0003] 已有的研究动态损伤的技术方法是在霍普金森杆动静加载以后拆卸试样, 然后 利用其它设备 (例如 CT扫描设备或超声波仪器) 对试样进行损伤检测。 已有的 方法将动静组合加载与损伤检测分开进行, 目前尚无法实现在原位保压状态下 研究岩石、 混凝土等材料的动态损伤及其对超声波传播和衰减规律的影响。 另 一方面, 5见有的岩石、 混凝土等固体材料动力学特性测试装置, 只是实现了一 维冲击加载或等围压静态预应力作用下的一维冲击加载的岩石和混凝土等材料 的动力学特性研究。 然而在实际工程中, 岩石或者混凝土等材料不仅仅受到一 个方向的冲击荷载, 很多时候会受到单轴双向、 双轴四向甚至是三轴六向的冲 击荷载以及静态预应力 (例如地下岩体承受三轴六向的地应力作用) 的共同作 用, 而上述动静荷载作用下的岩石、 混凝土等固体材料动态损伤演化特性的研 究是现有霍普金森杆装置技术无法实现的, 进一步的研究上述动静荷载作用下 的岩石、 混凝土等固体材料动态损伤演化对超声波传播和衰减规律的影响也是 无法用现有装置和技术实现的。 发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 本发明的目的是提供一种可以在原位保压状态下测试岩石、 混凝土等固体材料 动态冲击损伤演化及其对超声波传播速度、 幅值和频谱等衰减规律影响的方法 , 以弥补现有基于霍普金森杆的岩石、 混凝土等固体材料动力学测试的技术方 法在原位保压状态下材料动态损伤测试及其对超声波传播和衰减规律影响研究 等方面的缺陷。
[0005] 三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆系统的一个重点突破是真三轴霍普 金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法。 该方法是指在原位未解除静态预 应力 (围压) 情况下通过超声波发射与接收系统研究动态冲击损伤及其对超声 波传播与衰减规律的影响。 在三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆系统 的基础上, 分别在加载前、 施加真三轴静态预应力 (围压) 之后、 施加冲击荷 载之后的三个过程中, 分别在 X、 Y、 Z三个方向的入射杆和透射杆端部利用超 声波探头发射并接收记录超声波穿过不同损伤状态下岩石、 混凝土等材料中的 透射超声波信号, 进而利用超声波信号来分析岩石、 混凝土等材料在原位保压 状态下的动态损伤演化和损伤演化各向异性特征及其对超声波传播和衰减规律 的影响。
[0006] 为了解决现有技术中问题, 本发明提供了一种真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤 与超声波传播测试方法, 所述测试方法利用三轴六向霍普金森杆系统进行测试 , 测试装置置于水平十字支撑平台上, 该平台包括 X +向支撑平台、 x 向支撑平 台、 Y +向支撑平台和 Y _向支撑平台以及中心支撑平台, 中心立方体方箱上表面 完全开口, 即沿 Z +向完全开口, 沿 X +向、 X _向、 Y +向、 Y _向、 和 Z 向分别于 中心立方体方箱正中间位置设置方形开口, 且方形开口尺寸与方形杆尺寸相同 , 方形孔中放置 X、 Y、 Z方向的方形杆, 方形杆上靠近入射应力波加载端的一 侧均设置一个凸台; 中心立方体方箱置于中心支撑平台的上表面正中心, 且与 水平十字支撑平台构成正交坐标系用于三轴六向霍普金森杆系统的精准定位和 对中; 三轴六向霍普金森杆系统的 X +向、 X _向、 Y +向、 Y _向、 +向和 向六 个方向的方形杆由自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架固定, 方形杆与中心立方体方箱 于方形开口实现对中连接; 围压加载液压油缸和围压加载作动器与围压加载框 串联组合, 围压加载框与凸台串联连接, 用于将围压加载液压油缸的作用力传 递至方形杆和测试试样上;
[0007] 测试方法步骤如下:
[0008] 第一步: 在施加静态预应力和冲击荷载之前, 在六个方向的方形杆的入射端均 放置一枚超声波探头, 对于 X +向, 超声波发射探头发射超声波入射信号, 超声 波信号沿 X +向方形杆传播并穿过立方体试样, 随后继续向 x _向方形杆传播, 直 至被 X _向方形杆一侧的超声波接收探头接收该超声波透射信号, 记录并保存无 静态预应力和冲击荷载作用下 X方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方 形杆一侧的超声波发射探头发射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 Y +向方形杆传 播并穿过立方体试样, 随后继续向 Y _向方形杆传播, 直至被 Y _向方形杆一侧的 超声接收探头接收该超声波透射信号, 记录并保存无静态预应力和冲击荷载作 用下 Y方向完整的超声波信号; Z方向上, 利用 Z +向方形杆一侧的超声波发射探 头发射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 Z +向方形杆传播并穿过立方体试样, 随 后继续向 Z _向方形杆传播, 直至被 Z _向方形杆一侧的超声波接收探头接收该超 声波透射信号, 记录并保存无静态预应力和冲击荷载作用下 Z方向完整的超声波 信号;
[0009] 第二步: 施加静态预应力, 以 X方向为例给出施加静态预应力的方式: 打开高 压油管, 通过进油口给 X +向围压加载液压油缸充油, 推动 X +向围压加载作动器 向前运动, 并与 X +向围压加载框接触; 继续施加油压推动 X +向围压加载作动器 向前移动, 将轴向压力通过 X +向凸台传递至 X +方向方形杆, 进而作用到立方体 试样上, 使其受到 X方向精准静态预应力, 同理, Y、 Z方向静态围压加载原理 与 X方向相同;
[0010] 第三步: 在第二步的静态预应力作用下, 再次利用 X +向方形杆一侧的超声波 发射探头发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 X _向方形杆一侧的超声波接收探头接收 穿过静态预应力加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力下 X 方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方形杆一侧的超声波发射探头发 射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Y _向方形杆一侧的超声波接收探头接收穿过静态预 应力加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力下 Y方向完整的 超声波信号; Z方向上, 利用 Z +向方形杆一侧的超声波发射探头发射超声波入射 信号, 并利用 Z _向方形杆一侧的超声波接收探头接收穿过静态预应力加载试样 后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力下 Z方向完整的超声波信号;
[0011] 第四步: 施加冲击荷载, 以 X方向为例给出施加冲击荷载的方式: 待上述第三 步操作结束后, 分别移开紧贴在 X +和 X _向方形杆和上的超声波发射探头和超声 波接收探头, 然后将 X +向电磁脉冲激发腔与 X +
向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架放置于 X +向围压加载框内, 并放置于 X +向方形杆的入 射端, 且与 X +向方形杆的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, 用于沿 X +向方形杆的入射 端对测试试样施加 X +向动态应力脉冲荷载, 将 X _向电磁脉冲激发腔与 X _向电磁 脉冲激发腔支撑架放置于 X _向围压加载框内, 并放置于 X _向方形杆的入射端, 且与 X _向方形杆的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, 用于沿 X _向方形杆的入射端对测 试试样施加 X 向动态应力脉冲荷载; 同理, 待 Y、 Z方向按照与 X方向进行相同 的操作后, 便可利用三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载系统对测试试样施加动态 冲击荷载;
[0012] 第五步: 待动态冲击加载试验结束后, 继续保持 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预应力 不变, 即不解除静态预应力, 移开 X +向电磁脉冲激发腔与 X +向电磁脉冲激发腔 支撑架, 再将超声波发射探头放置在 X +向围压加载框内, 并放置于 X +向方形杆 的入射端, 且与 X +向方形杆的入射端自由且紧密的贴合; 同理, 将 X _、 Y +、 Y 、 Z +、 Z _方向按照与 X +向进行相同的操作后, 便可实现将所有电磁脉冲激发腔 与电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架移开, 并将超声波发射探头和超声波接收探头分别与 方形杆的入射端自由且紧密的贴合; 随后在未解除静态预应力状态下, 利用 X + 向方形杆一侧的超声波发射探头发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 X _向方形杆一侧 的超声波接收探头接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施 加静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后 X方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向 方形杆一侧的超声波发射探头发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Y-向方形杆一侧的 超声波接收探头接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加 静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后 Y方向完整的超声波信号; Z方向上, 利用 Z +向方 形杆一侧的超声波发射探头发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Z _向方形杆的一侧的 超声波接收探头接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加 静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后 Z方向完整的超声波信号。
[0013] 作为本发明的进一步改进, 凸台离方形杆入射应力波加载端的距离为方形杆长 度的 3%至 7%。
[0014] 作为本发明的进一步改进, 凸台的长度为方形杆长度的 1.5%至 4%。
[0015] 作为本发明的进一步改进, 凸台的直径为方形杆横截面边长的 1.5至 2.5倍。
[0016] 作为本发明的进一步改进, 第二步中, 通过静态围压加载伺服控制器系统, 实 现 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预应力同步控制加载, 并且 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预 应力根据实验测试需要可灵活的设定各自的荷载幅值。
[0017] 作为本发明的进一步改进, 第四步中, 通过三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载系 统, 实现 X、 Y、 Z三个方向动态冲击荷载的同步或者延时控制加载, 并且 X、 Y 、 Z三个方向动态冲击荷载可根据实验测试需要灵活的设定各自的荷载幅值。
[0018] 作为本发明的进一步改进, X +向静态围压和 X 向静态围压属于大小相等方向 相反的作用力与反作用力关系; Y +向静态围压和 Y _向静态围压属于大小相等方 向相反的作用力与反作用力关系; Z +向静态围压和 Z _向静态围压属于大小相等 方向相反的作用力与反作用力关系。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0019] 本发明的有益效果是:
[0020] 本发明首次实现了原位保压状态下测试岩石、 混凝土等固体材料动态冲击损伤 演化及其对超声波传播速度, 幅值和频谱等衰减规律的影响。 凸台的设置可实 现给测试试样施加静态预应力 (围压) 后还能保证霍普金森压杆入射端为自由 端, 解决了传统动静组合加载霍普金森杆系统施加静态预应力后, 无法保证霍 普金森入射杆和透射杆端部处于自由状态的问题, 从而为后续施加电磁激发应 力脉冲 (动态冲击载荷) 以及原位保压条件下的超声波测试提供测试条件。 [0021] X、 Y、 Z三向超声波传播测试可以实现分析岩石动态冲击损伤演化各向异性及 其对超声波传播与衰减规律的影响。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0022] 图 1是三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆测试系统三维图;
[0023] 图 2是三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆动态损伤测试系统三维图; [0024] 图 3是三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆动态损伤测试系统主视图; [0025] 图 4是三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆动态损伤测试系统俯视图; [0026] 图 5是方形杆与凸台构造三维示意图;
[0027] 图 6是方形杆与凸台构造二维主视图;
[0028] 图 7是方形杆与凸台构造二维左视图;
[0029] 图 8是 X+凸台构造与围压加载系统连接三维示意图;
[0030] 图 9是 X +凸台构造与围压加载系统连接二维主视图。
[0031] 图中各部件名称如下:
[0032] 1-X+向支撑平台, 2-X+向围压加载液压油缸, 3-X+向围压加载端挡板, 4-X + 向围压加载作动器, 5-X+向超声波发射探头, 6-X +
向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架, 7-X+向电磁脉冲激发腔, 8-X+向围压加载框, 9-X + 向凸台, 10-X+向连杆支撑杆, 11-X+向方形杆, 12-X+向自润滑方形杆固定支撑 架, 13-X+向方形杆对中定位导轨, 14-X_向围压加载固定端挡板, 15-X_向方形 杆对中定位导轨, 16-X_向支撑平台, n-x 向连杆支撑杆, 18-X_向围压加载框 , 19-X_向超声波接收探头, 20-X-向电磁脉冲激发腔, 21-X-向电磁脉冲激发腔 支撑架, 22- _向凸台, 23-X_向方形杆, 24-X_
向自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架, 25-Y+向连杆支撑杆, 26-Y+向围压加载端挡板 , 27-Y+向围压加载液压油缸, 28-Y+向支撑平台, 29-Y+向方形杆对中定位导轨 , 30-Y+向围压加载作动器, 31-Y+向围压加载框, 32-Y +
向超声波发射探头, 33-Y+向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架, 34-Y+向电磁脉冲激发腔 , 35-Y+向凸台, 36-Y+向方形杆, 37-Y+向自润滑束杆固定和支撑架, 381_向 围压加载固定端挡板, 391_向连杆支撑杆, 40-丫_向围压加载框, 41-Y_向方形 杆对中定位导轨, 42-Y_向支撑平台, 43-Y_向超声波接收探头, 44- Y-向电磁脉 冲激发腔, 45-Y-向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架, 46-丫_向凸台, 47-Y_
向方形杆, 48-¥_向自润滑束杆固定和支撑架, 49-Z+向围压加载液压油缸, 50-Z +向围压加载作动器, 51-Z+向围压加载框, 52-Z+向竖向固定与支撑框架, 53-Z + 向超声波发射探头, 54-Z+向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架, 55-Z+向电磁脉冲激发腔 , 56-Z+向凸台, 57-Z+向方形杆对中定位导轨, 58-Z+向自润滑束杆固定和支撑 架, 59-Z+向方形杆, 602_向自润滑束杆固定和支撑架, 61-Z
向围压加载框, 62-Z_向方形杆对中定位导轨, 63-Z_向方形杆, 64-Z_ 向凸台, 65-Z_向竖向固定与支撑框架, 66-Z_向超声波接收探头, 67-Z_向电磁 脉冲激发腔, 68-Z-向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架, 69 -中心立方体方箱, 70 -立方体试 样, 71 -中心支撑平台。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0033] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
[0034] 图 1为三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载霍普金森杆系统三维图。 试验装置置于 水平十字支撑平台上, 该平台包括 X+向支撑平台 1、 X_向支撑平台 16、 Y+向支 撑平台 28和¥_向支撑平台 42以及中心支撑平台 71。 中心立方体方箱 69上表面 ( 沿 Z+向) 完全开口, 沿 X+向、 X_向、 Y+向、 Y_向、 和 _向分别于中心立方体 方箱正中间位置设置方形开口, 且方形开口尺寸与方形杆尺寸相同; 中心立方 体方箱 69置于中心支撑平台 71的上表面正中心, 且与水平十字支撑平台构成正 交坐标系用于三轴六向霍普金森杆系统的精准定位和对中。
[0035] 以中心立方体方箱 69为对称中心, 分别对称布置 X+向、 X_向、 Y+向、 Y_ 向、 Z+向和 z_向围压加载系统、 电磁脉冲激发腔、 方形杆以及自润滑方形杆固 定和支撑架, 构成三轴六向霍普金森杆系统。 其中 X +向方形杆 11由 X +向自润滑 方形杆固定和支撑架 12固定, 并沿 X +向方形杆对中定位导轨 13与中心立方体方 箱 69于 X +向方形开口实现对中连接; X +向围压加载液压油缸 2和 X +向围压加载 作动器 4与 X +向围压加载框 8串联组合, X +向电磁脉冲激发腔 7与 X +向电磁脉冲 激发腔支撑架 6放置在 X +向围压加载框 8内, 并放置于 X +向方形杆 11的入射端, 且与 X +向方形杆 11的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, X +向围压加载框 8与 X +向凸台 9 串联连接, 用于沿 X +向方形杆 11的入射端对测试试样施加 X +向静态围压和动态 应力脉冲荷载; X +向连杆支撑杆 10将 X +
向围压加载端挡板 3与中心立方体方箱 69连接起来为 X +向静态围压施加提供固定 框架与反力支撑系统。 X _向方形杆 23由 X _向自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架 24固定 , 并沿 X _向方形杆对中定位导轨 15与中心立方体方箱 69于 X _向方形开口实现对 中连接; X _向电磁脉冲激发腔 20与 X _向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 21置于 X _向围压 加载框 18内部, 并放置于 X 向方形杆 23的入射端, 且与 X 向方形杆 23的入射端 自由且紧密的贴合, X _向围压加载框 18与 _向凸台 22连接, 用于沿 X _ 向方形杆 23的入射端对测试试样施加 X _向静态围压和动态应力脉冲荷载, 需要 说明的是 X +向静态围压和 X _向静态围压属于大小相等方向相反的作用力与反作 用力关系; X _向连杆支撑杆 17将 _
向围压加载固定端挡板 14与中心立方体方箱 69连接起来为 X _向静态围压施加提 供固定框架与反力支撑系统。 Y +向方形杆 36由 Y +
向自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架 37固定, 并沿 Y +向方形杆对中定位导轨 29与中心 立方体方箱 69于 Y +向方形开口实现对中连接; Y +向围压加载液压油缸 27和 Y +向 围压加载作动器 30与 Y +向围压加载框 31串联组合, Y +向电磁脉冲激发腔 34与 Y + 向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 33放置在 Y +向围压加载框 31内, 并放置于 Y + 向方形杆 36的入射端, 且与 Y +向方形杆 36的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, Y +向围 压加载框 31与 Y +向凸台 35串联连接, 用于沿 Y +向方形杆 36的入射端对测试试样 施加 Y +向静态围压和动态应力脉冲荷载; Y +向连杆支撑杆 25将 Y +向围压加载端 挡板 26与中心立方体方箱 69连接起来为 Y +向静态围压施加提供固定框架与反力 支撑系统。 Y 向方形杆 47由 Y 向自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架 48固定, 并沿 Y 向 方形杆对中定位导轨 41与中心立方体方箱 69于¥ _向方形开口实现对中连接; Y _ 向电磁脉冲激发腔 44与 Y _向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 45置于 Y _向围压加载框 40内 部, 并放置于 Y 向方形杆 47的入射端, 且与 Y 向方形杆 47的入射端自由且紧密 的贴合, Y _向围压加载框 40与¥ _向凸台 46连接, 用于沿 Y 向方形杆 47的入射端 对测试试样施加¥ _向静态围压和动态应力脉冲荷载, 同理, Y +向静态围压和 Y _ 向静态围压属于大小相等方向相反的作用力与反作用力关系; Y _
向连杆支撑杆 39将 Y 向围压加载固定端挡板 38与中心立方体方箱 69连接起来为 Y _向静态围压施加提供固定框架与反力支撑系统。 Z +向方形杆 59由 Z +向自润滑方 形杆固定和支撑架 58固定, 并沿 Z +
向方形杆对中定位导轨 57与中心立方体方箱 69于 Z +向方形开口实现对中连接; Z +向围压加载液压油缸 49和 Z +向围压加载作动器 50与 Z +向围压加载框 51串联组合 , Z +向电磁脉冲激发腔 55与 Z +向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 54放置在 Z +向围压加载 框 51内, 并放置于 Z +向方形杆 59的入射端, 且与 Z +向方形杆 59的入射端自由且 紧密的贴合, Z +向围压加载框 51与 Z +向凸台 56串联连接, 用于沿 Z +向方形杆 59 的入射端对测试试样施加 Z +向静态围压和动态应力脉冲荷载; Z +向竖向固定与 支撑框架 52与中心立方体方箱 69连接起来为 Z +向静态围压施加提供固定框架与 反力支撑系统。 Z 向方形杆 63由 Z 向自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架 60固定, 并沿 Z 方形杆对中定位导轨 62与中心立方体方箱 69于 Z _向方形开口实现对中连接; Z _向电磁脉冲激发腔 67与 Z _向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 68置于 Z _向围压加载框 61内 部, 并放置于 Z 向方形杆 63的入射端, 且与 Z 向方形杆 63的入射端自由且紧密 的贴合, Z _向围压加载框 61与 _向凸台 64连接, 用于沿 Z 向方形杆 63的入射端 对测试试样施加 _向静态围压和动态应力脉冲荷载, 同理, Z +向静态围压和 Z _ 向静态围压属于大小相等方向相反的作用力与反作用力关系; Z _向竖向固定与 支撑框架 65与中心立方体方箱 69连接起来为 Z _向静态围压施加提供固定框架与 反力支撑系统。
[0036] 中心支撑平台 71上放置中心立方体方箱 69, 中心立方体方箱 69的六个面分别预 留方形孔和观察孔, 方形孔中放置 X、 Y、 Z方向的方形杆, 方形杆上靠近入射 应力波加载端的一侧均设置一个凸台, 凸台离方形杆入射应力波加载端的距离 可为方形杆长度的 3%至 7%, 凸台的长度可为方形杆长度的 1.5%至 4%, 凸台的 直径可为方形杆横截面边长的 1.5至 2.5倍。
[0037] 以下为结合示意图的具体试验方法:
[0038] 第一步: 在施加静态预应力 (围压) 和冲击荷载之前, X方向上, 利用 X +向方 形杆 11一侧的超声波发射探头 5发射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 X + 向方形杆 11传播并穿过立方体试样 70, 随后继续向 X 向方形杆 23传播, 直至被 X _向方形杆 23—侧的超声波接收探头 19接收该超声波透射信号, 记录并保存无静 态预应力 (围压) 和冲击荷载作用下 X方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方形杆 36—侧的超声波发射探头 32发射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 Y + 向方形杆 36传播并穿过立方体试样 70, 随后继续向 Y 向方形杆 47传播, 直至被 Y _向方形杆 47—侧的超声接收探头 43接收该超声波透射信号, 记录并保存无静态 预应力 (围压) 和冲击荷载作用下 Y方向完整的超声波信号; Z方向上, 利用 Z + 向方形杆 59—侧的超声波发射探头 53发射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 Z +向 方形杆 59传播并穿过立方体试样 70, 随后继续向 Z 向方形杆 63传播, 直至被 Z _ 向方形杆 63—侧的超声波接收探头 66接收该超声波透射信号, 记录并保存无静 态预应力 (围压) 和冲击荷载作用下 Z方向完整的超声波信号;
[0039] 第二步: 施加静态预应力 (围压) , 以 X方向为例给出施加静态预应力 (围压 ) 的方式: 按图 1所示方式安装好装置和立方体试样 70后, 打开高压油管, 通过 进油口给 X +向围压加载液压油缸 2充油, 推动 X +向围压加载作动器 4向前运动, 并与 X +向围压加载框 8接触; 继续施加油压推动 X +向围压加载作动器 4向前移动 , 将轴向压力通过 X +向凸台 9传递至 X +
方向方形杆 11, 进而作用到立方体试样 70上, 使其受到 X方向精准静态预应力 ( 围压) 。 同理, Y、 Z方向静态围压加载原理与 X方向相同。 需要说明的是: 通 过静态围压加载伺服控制器系统, 可实现 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预应力同步控 制加载, 并且 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预应力可根据实验测试需要灵活的设定各 自的荷载幅值;
[0040] 第三步: 施加静态预应力 (围压) 后, 再次利用 X +向方形杆 11一侧的超声波 发射探头 5发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 X _向方形杆 23—侧的超声波接收探头 19 接收穿过静态预应力加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应 力 (围压) 下 X方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方形杆 36—侧的超 声波发射探头 32发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Y _向方形杆 47—侧的超声波接收 探头 43接收穿过静态预应力加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静 态预应力 (围压) 下 Y方向完整的超声波信号; Z方向上, 利用 Z +向方形杆 59— 侧的超声波发射探头 53发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Z 向方形杆 63—侧的超声 波接收探头 66接收穿过静态预应力加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存 施加静态预应力 (围压) 下 Z方向完整的超声波信号;
[0041] 第四步: 施加冲击荷载, 以 X方向为例给出施加冲击荷载的方式: 待上述第三 步操作结束后, 分别移开紧贴在 X +和 X _向方形杆 11和 23上的超声波发射探头 5 和超声波接收探头 19, 然后将 X +向电磁脉冲激发腔 7与 X +向电磁脉冲激发腔支 撑架 6放置于 X +向围压加载框 8内, 并放置于 X +向方形杆 11的入射端, 且与 X +向 方形杆 11的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, 用于沿 X +向方形杆 11的入射端对测试试 样施加 X +向动态应力脉冲荷载, 将 X _向电磁脉冲激发腔 20与 X _向电磁脉冲激发 腔支撑架 21放置于 X _向围压加载框 18内, 并放置于 X 向方形杆 23的入射端, 且 与 X _向方形杆 23的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, 用于沿 X _向方形杆 23的入射端对 测试试样施加 X 向动态应力脉冲荷载; 同理, 待 Y、 Z方向按照与 X方向进行相 同的操作后, 便可利用三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载系统对测试试样施加动 态冲击荷载。 需要说明的是: 通过三轴六向同步协调控制电磁加载系统, 可实 现 X、 Y、 Z三个方向动态冲击荷载的同步或者延时控制加载, 并且 X、 Y、 Z三 个方向动态冲击荷载可根据实验测试需要灵活的设定各自的荷载幅值;
[0042] 第五步: 待动态冲击加载试验结束后, 继续保持 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预应力 不变, 即不解除静态预应力, 移开 X +向电磁脉冲激发腔 7与 X +向电磁脉冲激发 腔支撑架 6, 再将超声波发射探头 5放置在 X +向围压加载框 8内, 并放置于 X +向 方形杆 11的入射端, 且与 X +
向方形杆 11的入射端自由且紧密的贴合; 同理, 将 X _、 Y +、 Y _、 Z +、 Z _方向按 照与 X +向进行相同的操作后, 便可实现将所有电磁脉冲激发腔与电磁脉冲激发 腔支撑架移开, 并将超声波发射探头和超声波接收探头分别与方形杆的入射端 自由且紧密的贴合; 随后在未解除静态预应力 (围压) 状态下, 利用 X +向方形 杆 11一侧的超声波发射探头 5发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 X _向方形杆 23—侧的 超声波接收探头 19接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施 加静态预应力 (围压) 和动态冲击荷载后 X方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方形杆 36—侧的超声波发射探头 32发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Y-向 方形杆 47—侧的超声波接收探头 43接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透射信号 , 记录并保存施加静态预应力 (围压) 和动态冲击荷载后 Y方向完整的超声波信 号; Z方向上, 利用 Z +向方形杆 59—侧的超声波发射探头 53发射超声波入射信号 , 并利用 Z _向方形杆 63的一侧的超声波接收探头 66接收穿过冲击加载试样后的 超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力 (围压) 和动态冲击荷载后 Z方向 完整的超声波信号。
[0043] 综上, 本技术分三次测损伤, 第一是没有任何静态压力和动态冲击荷载作用下 的测试, 第二是只施加了静态压力下的测试, 第三是施加静态荷载下并产生动 态冲击后, 然后继续保持静态压力不变下测试的超声波情况。
[0044] 通过利用三次记录的不同应力加载状态下的完整波形, 通过比较分析不同应力 加载状态下, 超声波从测试试样内部传播所用时间、 透射波超声波和入射超声 波最大幅值之比以及超声波穿过测试试样前后的频谱变化, 可研究岩石、 混凝 土等测试试样在真三轴动静组合加载下处于原位保压状态的动态损伤演化规律 , 同时通过分析记录的 X、 Y、 Z方向超声波波速、 幅值和频率等信号的变化差 异, 可研究岩石、 混凝土等试样动态冲击损伤演化的各向异性及其对超声波传 播与衰减规律的影响。
[0045] 以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明, 不能认 定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。 对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术 人员来说, 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下, 还可以做出若干简单推演或替换, 都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法, 其特征 在于:
所述测试方法利用三轴六向霍普金森杆系统进行测试, 测试装置置于 水平十字支撑平台上, 该平台包括 X +向支撑平台 (1) 、 x 向支撑平 台 (16) 、 Y +向支撑平台 (28) 和¥ _向支撑平台 (42) 以及中心支 撑平台 (71) , 中心立方体方箱 (69) 上表面完全开口, 即沿 Z +向 完全开口, 沿 X +向、 X _向、 Y +向、 Y _向、 和 _向分别于中心立方体 方箱正中间位置设置方形开口, 且方形开口尺寸与方形杆尺寸相同, 方形孔中放置 X、 Y、 Z方向的方形杆, 方形杆上靠近入射应力波加载 端的一侧均设置一个凸台; 中心立方体方箱 (69) 置于中心支撑平台 (71) 的上表面正中心, 且与水平十字支撑平台构成正交坐标系用于 三轴六向霍普金森杆系统的精准定位和对中;
三轴六向霍普金森杆系统的 X +向、 X _向、 Y +向、 Y _向、 2 +向和2 _ 向六个方向的方形杆由自润滑方形杆固定和支撑架固定, 方形杆与中 心立方体方箱于方形开口实现对中连接; 围压加载液压油缸和围压加 载作动器与围压加载框串联组合, 围压加载框与凸台串联连接, 用于 将围压加载液压油缸的作用力传递至方形杆和测试试样上; 测试方法步骤如下:
第一步: 在施加静态预应力和冲击荷载之前, 在六个方向的方形杆的 入射端均放置一枚超声波探头, 对于 X +向, 超声波发射探头 (5) 发 射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 X +向方形杆 (11) 传播并穿过立 方体试样 (70) , 随后继续向 X 向方形杆 (23) 传播, 直至被 X 向 方形杆 (23) —侧的超声波接收探头 (19) 接收该超声波透射信号, 记录并保存无静态预应力和冲击荷载作用下 X方向完整的超声波信号 ; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方形杆 (36) —侧的超声波发射探头 (32) 发 射超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 Y +向方形杆 (36) 传播并穿过立 方体试样 (70) , 随后继续向 Y 向方形杆 (47) 传播, 直至被 Y 向 方形杆 (47) —侧的超声接收探头 (43) 接收该超声波透射信号, 记 录并保存无静态预应力和冲击荷载作用下 Y方向完整的超声波信号;
Z方向上, 利用 Z +向方形杆 (59) —侧的超声波发射探头 (53) 发射 超声波入射信号, 超声波信号沿 Z +向方形杆 (59) 传播并穿过立方 体试样 (70) , 随后继续向 Z 向方形杆 (63) 传播, 直至被 Z _向方 形杆 (63) —侧的超声波接收探头 (66) 接收该超声波透射信号, 记 录并保存无静态预应力和冲击荷载作用下 Z方向完整的超声波信号; 第二步: 施加静态预应力, 以 X方向为例给出施加静态预应力的方式 : 打开高压油管, 通过进油口给 X +向围压加载液压油缸 (2) 充油, 推动 X +向围压加载作动器 (4) 向前运动, 并与 X +向围压加载框 (8 ) 接触; 继续施加油压推动 X +向围压加载作动器 (4) 向前移动, 将 轴向压力通过 X +向凸台 (9) 传递至 X +方向方形杆 (11) , 进而作 用到立方体试样 (70) 上, 使其受到 X方向精准静态预应力, 同理,
Y、 Z方向静态围压加载原理与 X方向相同;
第三步: 在第二步的静态预应力作用下, 再次利用 X +向方形杆 (11 ) 一侧的超声波发射探头 (5) 发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 X _向方 形杆 (23) —侧的超声波接收探头 (19) 接收穿过静态预应力加载试 样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力下 X方向完整的 超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y +向方形杆 (36) —侧的超声波发射探 头 (32) 发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Y 向方形杆 (47) —侧的超 声波接收探头 (43) 接收穿过静态预应力加载试样后的超声波透射信 号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力下 Y方向完整的超声波信号; Z方向 上, 利用 Z +向方形杆 (59) —侧的超声波发射探头 (53) 发射超声 波入射信号, 并利用 Z 向方形杆 (63) —侧的超声波接收探头 (66) 接收穿过静态预应力加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加 静态预应力下 Z方向完整的超声波信号;
第四步: 施加冲击荷载, 以 X方向为例给出施加冲击荷载的方式: 待 上述第三步操作结束后, 分别移开紧贴在 X +和 X 向方形杆 (11) 和 (23) 上的超声波发射探头 (5) 和超声波接收探头 (19) , 然后将 X+向电磁脉冲激发腔 (7) 与 X+向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 (6) 放置 于 X+向围压加载框 (8) 内, 并放置于 X+向方形杆 (11) 的入射端 , 且与 X+向方形杆 (11) 的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, 用于沿 X+向 方形杆 (11) 的入射端对测试试样施加 X+向动态应力脉冲荷载, 将 X -向电磁脉冲激发腔 (20) 与 _向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 (21) 放置 于 _向围压加载框 (18) 内, 并放置于 X 向方形杆 (23) 的入射端 , 且与 X 向方形杆 (23) 的入射端自由且紧密的贴合, 用于沿 X 向 方形杆 (23) 的入射端对测试试样施加 X 向动态应力脉冲荷载; 同 理, 待 Y、 Z方向按照与 X方向进行相同的操作后, 便可利用三轴六向 同步协调控制电磁加载系统对测试试样施加动态冲击荷载; 第五步: 待动态冲击加载试验结束后, 继续保持 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静 态预应力不变, 即不解除静态预应力, 移开 X+向电磁脉冲激发腔 (7 ) 与 X+向电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架 (6) , 再将超声波发射探头 (5) 放置在 X+向围压加载框 (8) 内, 并放置于 X+向方形杆 (11) 的入 射端, 且与 X+向方形杆 (11) 的入射端自由且紧密的贴合; 同理, 将 X_、 Y+、 Y_、 Z+、 Z_方向按照与 X+向进行相同的操作后, 便可 实现将所有电磁脉冲激发腔与电磁脉冲激发腔支撑架移开, 并将超声 波发射探头和超声波接收探头分别与方形杆的入射端自由且紧密的贴 合; 随后在未解除静态预应力状态下, 利用 X+向方形杆 (11) 一侧 的超声波发射探头 (5) 发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 X_
向方形杆 (23) —侧的超声波接收探头 (19) 接收穿过冲击加载试样 后的超声波透射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后 X方向完整的超声波信号; Y方向上, 利用 Y+向方形杆 (36) —侧的 超声波发射探头 (32) 发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Y-向方形杆 (47 ) 一侧的超声波接收探头 (43) 接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透 射信号, 记录并保存施加静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后 Y方向完整的 超声波信号; Z方向上, 利用 Z+向方形杆 (59) —侧的超声波发射探 头 (53) 发射超声波入射信号, 并利用 Z 向方形杆 (63) 的一侧的超 声波接收探头 (66) 接收穿过冲击加载试样后的超声波透射信号, 记 录并保存施加静态预应力和动态冲击荷载后 Z方向完整的超声波信号
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播 测试方法, 其特征在于: 凸台离方形杆入射应力波加载端的距离为方 形杆长度的 3%至 7%。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播 测试方法, 其特征在于: 凸台的长度为方形杆长度的 1.5%至 4%。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播 测试方法, 其特征在于: 凸台的直径为方形杆横截面边长的 1.5至 2.5 倍。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播 测试方法, 其特征在于: 第二步中, 通过静态围压加载伺服控制器系 统, 实现 X、 Y、 Z三个方向静态预应力同步控制加载, 并且 X、 Y、
Z三个方向静态预应力根据实验测试需要可灵活的设定各自的荷载幅 值。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播 测试方法, 其特征在于: 第四步中, 通过三轴六向同步协调控制电磁 加载系统, 实现 X、 Y、 Z三个方向动态冲击荷载的同步或者延时控制 加载, 并且 X、 Y、 Z三个方向动态冲击荷载可根据实验测试需要灵活 的设定各自的荷载幅值。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播 测试方法, 其特征在于: X +向静态围压和 X 向静态围压属于大小相 等方向相反的作用力与反作用力关系; Y +向静态围压和 Y _向静态围 压属于大小相等方向相反的作用力与反作用力关系; Z +向静态围压 和 _向静态围压属于大小相等方向相反的作用力与反作用力关系。
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