WO2020134200A1 - 一种磁制冷装置 - Google Patents

一种磁制冷装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134200A1
WO2020134200A1 PCT/CN2019/106127 CN2019106127W WO2020134200A1 WO 2020134200 A1 WO2020134200 A1 WO 2020134200A1 CN 2019106127 W CN2019106127 W CN 2019106127W WO 2020134200 A1 WO2020134200 A1 WO 2020134200A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cold
rotary valve
hot
end rotary
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/106127
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李大全
汪魁
罗胜
杨蓉
路文博
梁宁波
周鸣宇
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Publication of WO2020134200A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134200A1/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of magnetic refrigeration, and in particular relates to a magnetic refrigeration device.
  • This application relates to the field of magnetic refrigeration, and mainly relates to the structure and flow path system of a rotary magnetic refrigeration device.
  • Magnetic refrigeration technology is one of the most promising new refrigeration technologies, especially its advantages in environmental friendliness and high efficiency.
  • the cycle efficiency is 40% to 50%, which is about 30% higher than the traditional compression refrigeration method; in addition, the magnetic refrigeration method uses magnetic materials for solid-liquid heat exchange without harmful gases to the environment; and the operating frequency of the magnetic refrigeration device is low, The noise generated is small.
  • magnetic refrigeration technology has become the new refrigeration technology with the highest attention in recent years. At present, its main research directions are the development and preparation of magnetic refrigeration materials and the design of magnetic refrigeration devices, and this application is directed to the latter.
  • a magnetic refrigeration device is a device that uses the physical characteristics of magnetocaloric materials for cooling.
  • the technical basis of the device is the magnetocaloric effect of magnetocaloric materials, that is, when a varying magnetic field is applied to magnetocaloric materials, it will cause the temperature of magnetocaloric materials to change.
  • the magnetic field strength increases, the magnetic entropy of the material decreases, exothermic heat, and temperature increases.
  • the magnetic field strength decreases, the magnetic entropy of the material increases, endothermic heat, and temperature decrease.
  • a magnetic refrigeration device generally needs to have: a changing magnetic field, a magnetic working fluid bed (used to place magnetocaloric materials), a heat transfer fluid, a cold-side heat exchanger, a hot-side heat exchanger, and supporting power components.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device In the past magnetic refrigeration device, it can be divided into three categories according to the movement form: static type, reciprocating type, and rotary type, where the static type uses an electromagnet to generate a changing magnetic field, which has the problems of large winding coils and difficulty in heat dissipation; the reciprocating type uses The linear reciprocating motion between the magnet and the magnetic working fluid bed realizes the changing magnetic field, which has the problems of low operating frequency and low cooling efficiency; the rotary type has the advantages of compact structure, high operating frequency and good cooling effect, which is the future development of magnetic refrigeration devices Direction.
  • a rotating magnetic refrigeration device to change the magnetic field: a rotating magnet or a rotating magnetic working fluid bed, both of which allow the magnetic working fluid to withstand the alternating field strength through the relative motion of the magnetic field and the magnetic working fluid bed.
  • the magnetic working substance is continuously subjected to a magnetocaloric reaction, and then the heat exchange fluid is driven by the driving component through the flow path system to transport the high temperature and low temperature generated by the magnetic working substance to the hot end heat exchanger and the cold end heat exchanger respectively, the flow path
  • the system continually circulates corresponding to the rotation movement, so as to achieve continuous cooling.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of the magnetic refrigeration device in the prior art that the flow path connection is complicated, the actual principle prototype is large, and the structure is not compact, thereby providing a magnetic refrigeration device.
  • This application provides a magnetic refrigeration device, which includes:
  • Magnet assembly can produce alternating magnetic field
  • the cold storage bed assembly can accommodate the magnetic working medium, so that the magnetic working medium can generate excitation heat or demagnetize the heat through the alternating magnetic field;
  • a cold-end heat exchanger capable of causing the heat-exchange fluid passing through the cold storage bed assembly to absorb heat and reduce temperature by the magnetic working medium, and release cold in the cold-end heat exchanger;
  • a hot-end heat exchanger and a heat-exchange fluid capable of causing the magnetic working medium to radiate and heat up through the cold storage bed assembly to release heat in the hot-end heat exchanger;
  • It also includes a cold-end rotary valve that is disposed between the cold-storage bed assembly and the cold-end heat exchanger, and the cold-end rotary valve can rotate so that the cold-storage bed assembly and the The heat exchange fluid between the cold-end heat exchangers is switched between communicating and closing the communication;
  • thermoelectric rotary valve disposed between the cold storage bed assembly and the hot end heat exchanger, and the hot end rotary valve can rotate to make the cold storage bed
  • the heat exchange fluid between the assembly and the hot end heat exchanger is switched between communicating and closing the communication.
  • the cold storage bed assembly includes a ring-shaped cold storage bed body and a magnetic gap space opened on the cold storage bed body, and a magnetic working medium can be accommodated in the magnetic gap space, and the magnetic gap space is in the cold storage bed body
  • the axial end surface is opened in the axial direction, and a through hole is opened in the body of the cold storage bed to allow the heat exchange fluid to enter the magnetic gap space to exchange heat with the magnetic working medium and prevent the magnetic working medium from coming out.
  • the magnetic gap space is an arc-shaped groove structure; and/or, the magnetic gap space is a plurality of the magnetic gap spaces uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the cold storage bed body, and a plurality of the magnetic gap spaces The shape and size are equal.
  • the cold-end rotary valve includes a cold-end rotary valve cover and a cold-end rotary valve core.
  • the cold-end rotary valve core can rotate relative to the cold-end rotary valve cover.
  • a first through slot communicating with the magnetic gap space on the cold storage bed assembly, a first through hole is provided on the cold end rotary valve cover, when the cold end rotary valve core rotates to make the magnetic gap space and the When the first through slot and the first through hole are opposed at the same time, the heat exchange fluid can flow out from the magnetic gap space, the first through slot, and the first through hole in sequence.
  • the first through-groove is an arc-shaped groove matching the shape of the magnetic gap space, and/or, the first through-groove is plural and distributed circumferentially on the cold-end rotating valve core; And/or, the first through holes are a plurality of openings on the cold-end rotary valve cover, and are distributed along the circumferential direction on the cold-end rotary valve cover.
  • the cold end rotary valve cover has a circular ring structure
  • the cold end rotary valve core also has a circular ring structure
  • the first through hole is a through hole axially penetrating on the cold end rotary valve cover
  • the first through groove is a through groove axially penetrating on the cold-end rotary valve core.
  • At least one first through slot and at least one first through slot are not equidistant from the center of the cold-end rotary valve core; in the plurality of first through holes, there are The distance between the at least one first through hole and the at least one first through hole from the center of the cold end rotary valve core is not equal; and the first through groove on the radially inner side and the first through hole on the radially inner side can pass The rotation of the cold-end rotary spool is axially opposed, and the first through groove on the radially outer side and the first through-hole on the radial outer side can be axially opposed by the rotation of the cold-end rotary spool .
  • the cold-end heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange pipe and a second heat exchange pipe located therein, wherein the first heat exchange pipe communicates with at least one magnetic gap space of the cold storage bed assembly.
  • the second heat exchange pipeline communicates with at least one magnetic gap space, and the first heat exchange pipeline and the second heat exchange pipeline are not in communication with each other, and the heat exchange fluid is always along the first heat exchange pipeline In the first direction, the heat exchange fluid always flows in the second direction in the second heat exchange line, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
  • the inlet end of the first heat exchange pipe communicates with the first through hole located radially outside, and the outlet end of the first heat exchange pipe communicates with the first through hole located radially inside; and/or,
  • the inlet end of the second heat exchange pipe communicates with the first through hole located radially outside, and the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipe communicates with the first through hole located radially inside.
  • the hot-end rotary valve includes a hot-end rotary valve cover and a hot-end rotary valve core.
  • the hot-end rotary valve core can rotate relative to the hot-end rotary valve cover.
  • the magnetic gap space on the cold storage bed assembly is axially connected with a second through slot, and the hot end rotary valve cover is provided with a second through hole in the axial direction.
  • a third through-groove is opened in a radial direction at a position different from the second through-groove in the circumferential direction, and the hot-end rotary valve cover is also provided with a third Three through holes, when the hot end rotary spool is rotated until the third through hole and the third through groove are opposed, fluid can be sequentially passed through the third through hole and the third through groove The hot end rotates below the spool.
  • the hot-end rotary valve cover includes a circular end plate and an annular outer edge connected to the radial outer edge of the end plate and extending axially.
  • the third through hole and the second through hole are located at The hot end rotary valve cover is in the same circumferential direction, and the second through hole is provided on the end plate and penetrates in the axial direction, and the third through hole is provided on the annular outer edge and in the radial direction Through.
  • the cold storage bed assembly is further provided with a through fourth through hole in the radial direction, one end of the fourth through hole communicates with the magnetic gap space, and the other end can communicate with one end of the hot end heat exchanger, The other end of the hot end heat exchanger can communicate with the third through slot of the hot end rotary spool; and/or, the second through slot is also matched to the shape of the magnetic gap space Curved groove.
  • the hot end heat exchanger includes two, one of which can communicate with one end of the hot end rotary valve and the other can communicate with the other end of the hot end rotary valve.
  • the magnet assembly includes a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, the stator assembly has an annular structure, and the cold storage bed assembly also has an annular structure, and is disposed in a radial gap between the rotor assembly and the stator assembly;
  • the rotor assembly includes at least one fan-shaped structure or fan-shaped structure, and the rotor assembly can rotate in a space radially inward of the cold storage bed assembly to form an alternating magnetic field.
  • the rotor assembly includes two fan ring structures symmetrically distributed in the center in the circumferential direction.
  • piston pump assembly Also includes piston pump assembly
  • the piston pump assembly and the cold storage bed assembly can communicate with each other, and the heat exchange fluid between the piston pump assembly and the cold storage bed assembly can pass through the hot end rotary valve or the cold end rotary valve Switch between connecting and closing the connection.
  • the piston pump assembly includes an annular multi-cavity piston cylinder barrel, the multi-cavity piston cylinder barrel includes a radial inner wall, a radial outer wall, and a compression space between the radial inner wall and the radial outer wall, The compression space penetrates the multi-cavity piston cylinder in the axial direction;
  • the piston pump assembly further includes a piston capable of axially reciprocating movement in the compression space, and each compression space is correspondingly provided with one of the pistons;
  • the piston pump assembly further includes a cylindrical cam, and an outer circumferential surface of the cam is provided with a receiving groove in the circumferential direction;
  • One end of the piston is stuck in the compression space, and the other end of the piston is stuck in the accommodating groove, so that when the cam rotates, the one end of the piston can follow the accommodating groove
  • the circumferential shape change of is driven to reciprocate in the compressed space.
  • the center distance between the accommodating groove and the axial lower end surface of the cylindrical cam is gradually increasing, gradually decreasing, gradually increasing, and gradually decreasing along the circumferential direction, so that the piston
  • the rotation of the accommodating groove drives the reciprocating movement of ascending, descending, re-rising and re-declining.
  • It also includes a rotary drive shaft that penetrates into the piston pump assembly, the hot end rotary valve, the cold storage bed assembly, and the cold end rotary valve, and the rotary drive shaft is
  • the cam, the hot-end rotary valve and the cold-end rotary valve are connected to simultaneously drive the cam, the hot-end rotary valve and the cold-end rotary valve to rotate.
  • the cold-end rotary valve can be connected between the cold-storage bed assembly and the cold-end heat exchanger, enabling the cold-storage bed assembly and the cold-end heat exchanger
  • the cold end rotary valve is used to communicate and close.
  • the hot end rotary valve is connected between the cold storage bed assembly and the hot end heat exchanger, so that the cold storage bed assembly and the hot end heat exchanger can communicate and close through the hot end rotary valve.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application effectively replaces the cold storage bed and the cold end heat exchanger in the original magnetic refrigerator due to the use of the cold end rotary valve and the hot end rotary valve.
  • the structure of the check valve or other control valves also eliminates the need to install multiple check valves or other control valves on the connection pipeline between the cold storage bed and the hot end heat exchanger in the original magnetic refrigerator, further saving
  • the removal of a large number of valve assemblies further makes the structure and flow path simpler and more compact, and further effectively achieves the miniaturization and simplification of the structure.
  • the structure form of two cold-end heat exchange flow paths is also provided so that the heat exchange fluid enters the first cold-end heat exchange flow path for cooling after being cooled by the first cold storage bed, and then passes through the first After the two cold storage beds are cooled, they enter the second cold-end heat exchange flow path for cooling, and do not need to enter the first cold-end heat exchange flow path in reverse for cooling, eliminating the need for only one cold-end heat exchange flow path.
  • This application also uses the ring-shaped multi-cavity piston cylinder and the cold storage bed to cooperate with it, so that the cold storage bed and the piston cylinder are connected by the hot end rotary valve, and there is no need to connect through the pipeline to achieve a compact structure.
  • Miniaturization, and the multi-cavity piston cylinder can realize the simultaneous compression or suction effect of multiple cylinders.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present application is four piston cylinders, which realizes the simultaneous action of four cylinders by one device, efficiency It is greatly improved; and the cylindrical cam is used as the fluid drive mechanism of the magnetic refrigerator, which effectively realizes the simultaneous reciprocating up and down movement of four or more circumferential pistons, which is more efficient and makes the system more compact.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan cross-sectional view in the direction D-D in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application along the direction A-A of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application taken along the direction B-B of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application along the direction C-C of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the region of the permanent magnet component and the cold storage bed component in the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded structural view of the cold-end rotary valve in the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded structural diagram of the hot-end rotary valve in the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective structural view of a multi-cavity piston cam mechanism in the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the magnetic refrigeration flow path of the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application (the pipes and valves in the figure are only shown symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the fluid flow process, but actually through the hot end rotary valve and cooling End rotary valve instead).
  • this application provides a magnetic refrigeration device, which includes:
  • the magnet assembly 1 can generate an alternating magnetic field
  • the cold storage bed assembly 2 can accommodate the magnetic working fluid, so that the magnetic working fluid can generate excitation heat or demagnetize the heat through the alternating magnetic field;
  • the cold-end heat exchanger 3 can enable the heat exchange fluid passing through the cold-storage bed assembly to be absorbed and cooled by the magnetic working medium to release cold in the cold-end heat exchanger 3;
  • the hot-end heat exchanger 4 can make the heat-exchanging fluid that has been exothermicly heated by the magnetic working medium passing through the cold storage bed assembly release heat in the hot-end heat exchanger 4;
  • It also includes a cold-end rotary valve 5 that is disposed between the cold-storage bed assembly 2 and the cold-end heat exchanger 3, and the cold-end rotary valve can rotate so that the cold-storage bed The heat exchange fluid between the component and the cold end heat exchanger 3 is switched between communicating and closing the communication;
  • the hot-end rotary valve 6 is provided between the cold storage bed assembly 2 and the hot-end heat exchanger 4, and the hot-end rotary valve 6 can rotate and The heat exchange fluid between the cold storage bed assembly 2 and the hot end heat exchanger 4 is switched between communicating and closing the communication.
  • the cold-end rotary valve can be connected between the cold storage bed assembly and the cold-side heat exchanger, so that the cold storage bed assembly and the cold-side heat exchanger can pass through the cold
  • the end rotary valve is connected and closed.
  • the hot end rotary valve is connected between the cold storage bed assembly and the hot end heat exchanger, so that the cold storage bed assembly and the hot end heat exchanger can be connected and closed through the hot end rotary valve, effectively Eliminates the need to connect a large number of pipelines between the cold storage bed assembly and the cold end heat exchanger, and between the cold storage bed assembly and the hot end heat exchanger in the magnetic refrigeration device in the prior art to achieve the flow path communication and close communication, which is effective.
  • the problem of large structure and size of the magnetic refrigerator and the non-compact structure is solved, and the miniaturization and simplification of the structure are effectively achieved.
  • the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application effectively replaces the one-way valve on the connecting pipeline between the cold storage bed and the cold-end heat exchanger in the original magnetic refrigerator due to the use of the cold-end rotary valve and the hot-end rotary valve Or other control valve structures, and also eliminate the need to install multiple check valves or other control valves on the connection pipeline between the cold storage bed and the hot end heat exchanger in the original magnetic refrigerator, further eliminating the need for A large number of valve assemblies further make the structure and flow path simpler and more compact, and further effectively achieve the miniaturization and simplification of the structure.
  • the mechanical motion mechanism is used as a fluid flow control valve to replace the one-way valve, so that the system has only two valve mechanisms in total, so that there is no pipeline between the piston cylinder and the cold storage bed, but directly connected, which greatly simplifies Piping system.
  • the ring-shaped multi-cavity piston cylinder and the tile-shaped cold storage bed are used in conjunction with it, so that there is no need for pipeline connection between the cold storage bed and the piston cylinder.
  • the cylindrical cam is used as the fluid drive mechanism of the magnetic refrigerator, making the system More compact.
  • the cold storage bed assembly 2 includes a cold storage bed body 21 having a ring structure and a magnetic gap space 22 opened on the cold storage bed body 21.
  • the magnetic gap space 22 can accommodate a magnetic working medium, and the magnetic gap space 22
  • the axial end surface of the regenerator bed body 21 is axially opened, and the regenerator bed body 21 is provided with a through hole 211 to allow heat exchange fluid to enter the magnetic gap space and exchange with the magnetic working medium Heat and prevent the magnetic working medium from coming out.
  • the magnetic storage medium can be accommodated in the magnetic gap space through the cold storage bed body and the magnetic gap space opened thereon.
  • the change results in the effects of cooling and heat absorption and heat release, and the magnetic gap space can also allow the heat exchange fluid to enter it for heat exchange with the magnetic working medium.
  • the opening of the magnetic gap space in the axial direction can make the heat exchange fluid from It enters the magnetic gap space in the axial direction, and flows out of the magnetic gap space in the axial direction to enter the cold end heat exchanger or the hot end heat exchanger, and the end surface of the magnetic gap space is provided with a cold storage bed cover and a lower cover to prevent magnetic The working medium is released from the magnetic gap space.
  • the magnetic gap space 22 is an arc-shaped groove structure; and/or, the magnetic gap space 22 is a plurality of the magnetic storage space 21 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the regenerator bed body 21, and a plurality of the magnetic fields
  • the shape and size of the gap space 22 are all equal, and the magnetic gap space is preferably four.
  • This is the preferred structural form of the magnetic gap space of the present application.
  • By being provided with an arc-shaped groove structure it can be matched with the shape of the ring-shaped cold storage bed body, and multiple magnetic gap spaces can form multiple cold storage sheets that work simultaneously
  • the element that is, the effect of heating or cooling the magnetic working medium at multiple places at the same time, further improves the efficiency and makes the structure more compact.
  • the length of one magnetic gap space in the circumferential direction corresponds to the rotor assembly of the fan-shaped structure or the fan-shaped structure.
  • the cold-end rotary valve 5 includes a cold-end rotary valve cover 51 and a cold-end rotary valve core 52, the cold-end rotary valve core 52 can rotate relative to the cold-end rotary valve cover 51, and the cold-end rotary valve core 51 52 is provided with a first through slot 521 that can communicate with the magnetic gap space 22 on the cold storage bed assembly 2, and a first through hole 511 is provided on the cold end rotary valve cover 51, when the cold end rotary valve When the core 52 rotates so that the magnetic gap space 22 is opposed to the first through slot 521 and the first through hole 511 at the same time, the heat exchange fluid can sequentially pass from the magnetic gap space 22 and the first The through slot 521 and the first through hole 511 flow out.
  • the rotary valve core is fixed, and the first through groove on the valve core and the first through hole on the valve cover can be communicated and closed through the rotation of the cold end in the direction of rotation, thereby forming an opening between the cold storage bed and the cold end heat exchanger
  • the function and function of opening and closing of the flow path effectively eliminates the multiple check valves and other complex valve components in the original structure and the complex flow path, making the structure simpler, more compact and miniaturization.
  • the first through slot 521 is an arc-shaped slot matching the shape of the magnetic gap space 22, and/or the first through slot 521 is a plurality of, and is on the cold end rotating spool 52 along the edge Distribution in the circumferential direction; and/or, the first through holes 511 are a plurality of openings on the cold-end rotary valve cover 51, and are distributed in the circumferential direction on the cold-end rotary valve cover 51.
  • each magnetic gap space is correspondingly provided with a first through slot and a first through hole, so that the heat exchange fluid in each magnetic gap space can be adjusted by the cold end rotary valve Output to the cold end heat exchanger or from the cold end heat exchanger to each magnetic gap space maximizes efficiency.
  • the cold-end rotary valve cover 51 has a circular ring structure
  • the cold-end rotary valve core 52 also has a circular ring structure
  • the first through hole 511 is an axial penetration on the cold-end rotary valve cover 51
  • the through hole and the first through groove 521 are through holes axially penetrating the cold-end rotary spool 52.
  • This is the preferred structural form of the cold-end rotary valve cover and cold-end rotary valve core of the present application and the preferred opening form of the first through hole and the first through slot, and the circular ring structure can effectively perform well with the cold storage bed body Matching, and the axially through holes and grooves can enable the fluid to change from the cold storage bed to the cold end rotary valve in the axial direction or rotate from the cold end when the cold end rotary valve cover is provided at the axial end of the cold storage bed
  • the valve reaches the magnetic gap space, so that the structure is effectively integrated, and the structure is more compact and miniaturized.
  • the cold-end rotary valve is composed of a cold-end rotary valve cover 51 and a cold-end rotary valve core 52.
  • the function of the valve is to periodically control the axial fluid flow direction.
  • the cold end rotary valve cover 51 is fixed to the cold storage bed; Two concentric circles with different diameters are also arranged on the two concentric circles on the end rotating spool 52, a total of 4 arc ports are distributed at 90°, the inner and outer concentric circles of the spool and the bonnet have the same diameter, the cold end
  • the rotary valve core 52 is a rotating part. The cold end rotary valve is to open and close the water outlets on the cold end rotary valve cover 51 through the rotation of the cold end rotary valve core 52.
  • the arc-shaped openings (first through grooves 521) of the cold-end rotary valve core 52 coincide with the first through-holes 511 of the cold-end rotary valve cover 51, and the fluid from the cold storage bed can be Passing through such a flow path where the arc-shaped mouth overlaps the water outlet, otherwise it cannot pass.
  • the control core of the valve lies in the periodic coincidence and misalignment of the water outlets and arc-shaped outlets distributed on the cold-end rotary valve cover 51 and the cold-end rotary valve core 52, so as to realize the periodic flow direction opening and closing and the control of the flow path.
  • first through-slots 521 there is at least one first through-slot 521 and at least one first through-slot 521 that are not equidistant from the center of the circle of the cold-end rotary valve core 52;
  • the holes 511 at least one first through hole 511 and at least one first through hole 511 are not equal in distance from the center of the circle of the cold-end rotary spool 52;
  • the first through-hole 511 inward can be axially opposed by the rotation of the cold-end rotary spool 52, and the first through-groove 521 on the radially outer side and the first through-hole 511 on the radially outer side can pass through
  • the rotation of the cold end rotary spool 52 is axially opposed.
  • first through-groove and the first through-hole on the cold-end rotary valve of the present application that is, the center distance (the center of the circle with the cold-end rotary spool) in the multiple first through-grooves is different
  • the first through grooves are arranged in such a way that the first through grooves with different center distances can respectively communicate with two or more heat exchange flow paths on the cold-end heat exchanger.
  • More than two heat exchange flow paths can make the heat exchange fluid enter the first cold end heat exchange flow path after being cooled by the first cold storage bed, and enter the first cold storage bed after being cooled Cooling in the two cold-end heat exchange flow paths, no need to enter the first cold-end heat exchange flow path in reverse for cooling, eliminating the need for a cold storage bed and cold-end heat exchanger when there is only one cold-end heat exchange flow path
  • the backflow of the fluid in the pipeline between the flow direction switching thereby effectively preventing or reducing the retention volume of the heat exchange fluid in the pipeline system and the heat exchanger, reducing the impact of the retention volume on the system performance, making the pipeline
  • the magnetic refrigeration system has been greatly improved, and the heat exchange efficiency has been greatly improved.
  • first through-slots 521 there are four first through-slots 521, and the center line of at least one of the first through-slots 521 is the same distance from the center of the cold-end rotary valve core as the first pitch, and at least one The distance between the center line of the first through slot 521 and the center of the cold-end rotary valve core is the same, which is the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the second distance, and both are the first distance
  • the through slots are arranged adjacently, and the two through slots which are both at the second pitch are arranged adjacently.
  • the cold-end heat exchanger 3 includes a first heat exchange pipe 31 and a second heat exchange pipe 32 located therein, wherein the first heat exchange pipe 31 and at least one magnetic field of the cold storage bed assembly 2
  • the gap space 22 communicates
  • the second heat exchange pipe 32 communicates with at least one magnetic gap space 22
  • the first heat exchange pipe 31 and the second heat exchange pipe 32 do not communicate with each other, and the heat exchange fluid is in
  • the first heat exchange line 31 always flows in the first direction
  • the heat exchange fluid always flows in the second direction in the second heat exchange line 32
  • the first direction is different from the second direction the same.
  • Two or more heat exchange flow paths are provided to enable the heat exchange fluid to enter the first cold end heat exchange flow path after being cooled by the first cold storage bed Refrigeration, and after being cooled by the second cold storage bed, it enters the second cold end heat exchange flow path for cooling, and does not need to enter the first cold end heat exchange flow path for cooling, eliminating only one cold Back-end fluid flow in the pipeline between the cold storage bed and the cold-end heat exchanger during the heat exchange flow path when the flow direction is switched, thereby effectively preventing or reducing the retention of heat exchange fluid in the pipeline system and the heat exchanger
  • the volume reduces the effect of the retention volume on the performance of the system, so that there is no retention volume in the heat exchange between the pipeline and the hot and cold ends, the magnetic refrigeration system has been greatly improved, and the heat transfer efficiency has been greatly improved.
  • the basic principle of magnetic refrigeration is to add or demagnetize the magnetic working medium in the cold storage bed through permanent magnets, so that the magnetic working medium has a magnetocaloric effect to dissipate or absorb heat, and then the heat or cooling generated by the heat exchange fluid Bring the heat exchange fluid to the hot or cold end, and then realize the refrigeration cycle.
  • the following two flow stages are analyzed in conjunction with Figure 11:
  • the first stage (solid arrow flow direction): the permanent magnet demagnetizes the cold storage bed assembly 2 (located at the upper part of the pipeline), so that the cold storage bed assembly 2 absorbs heat to generate cooling, and the piston pump assembly 7 (upper part) is pushed Compress the fluid in the rodless cavity (the piston pump assembly 7 (the lower part) simultaneously stretches the fluid in the rodless cavity), and pressurize the cold fluid in the cold storage bed assembly 2 to the cold-end heat exchanger 3 (first The heat exchange piping 31) performs heat exchange; while synchronized with the front-end flow path, the regenerator bed assembly 2 (located under the pipeline) is magnetized by the permanent magnet to release heat, and the thermal fluid in the regenerator bed assembly 2 is under pressure The hot end heat exchanger 4 flowing down to the lower end performs heat dissipation.
  • the whole process can be briefly described as: through the thrust of the upper end piston and the return stroke of the lower end piston, the cold fluid in the cold storage bed at the upper end is pushed to the first heat exchange pipe 31, that is, the cold end for heat exchange, and the lower end The hot fluid in the cold storage bed is pushed to the hot end heat exchanger 4 at the lower end for heat dissipation.
  • the permanent magnet demagnetizes the cold storage bed assembly 2 at the lower end, so that it absorbs heat to generate cooling, and the piston pump assembly 7 at the lower end compresses the fluid in the rodless cavity (upper piston)
  • the pump assembly 7 simultaneously stretches the fluid in the rodless cavity), and presses the cold fluid in the cold storage bed at the lower end into the second heat exchange pipe 32 in the cold end heat exchanger for heat exchange by pressure;
  • the flow paths are synchronized, and the upper cold storage bed assembly 2 is magnetized by the permanent magnets to release heat, and the hot fluid therein flows to the upper hot end heat exchanger 4 under pressure to dissipate heat.
  • the whole process can be briefly described as: through the thrust of the lower end piston and the return stroke of the upper end piston, the cold fluid in the cold storage bed at the lower end is pushed to the second heat exchange pipe 32, namely the cold end for heat exchange, and the upper end The hot fluid in the cold storage bed is pushed to the hot end heat exchanger 4 at the upper end for heat dissipation.
  • the magnetic refrigerator of the present application is realized by the cyclic work of the above-mentioned 12 process.
  • this flow path system uses two cold-end heat exchangers with independent pipes in the first half cycle and the second half cycle of the system to eliminate cold storage.
  • the entire system has been greatly improved, so that there is no retention volume in the heat exchange between the pipeline and the hot and cold ends, so that the efficiency has been greatly improved.
  • the inlet end of the first heat exchange pipe 31 communicates with the first through hole 511 located radially outside, and the outlet end of the first heat exchange pipe 31 communicates with the first through hole 511 located radially inside; And/or, the inlet end of the second heat exchange pipe 32 communicates with the first through hole 511 located radially outside, and the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipe 32 communicates with the first passage located radially inside The hole 511 is in communication.
  • the hot-end rotary valve 6 includes a hot-end rotary valve cover 61 and a hot-end rotary valve core 62.
  • the hot-end rotary valve core 62 can rotate relative to the hot-end rotary valve cover 61.
  • the hot end rotary valve core 62 is provided with a second through slot 621 that can communicate with the magnetic gap space 22 on the cold storage bed assembly 2 in the axial direction, and the hot end rotary valve cover 61 is provided with a first Two through holes 611, when the hot end rotary spool 62 rotates so that the magnetic gap space 22 is opposed to the second through holes 611 and the second through groove 621 at the same time, the heat exchange fluid can sequentially The second through slot 621 and the second through hole 611 flow into the magnetic gap space 22.
  • the rotary valve core is fixed, and the second through groove on the valve core and the second through hole on the valve cover can be communicated and closed through the rotation of the hot end in the rotation direction, thereby forming an opening between the cold storage bed and the hot end heat exchanger
  • the function and function of opening and closing of the flow path effectively eliminates the multiple check valves and other complex valve components in the original structure and the complex flow path, making the structure simpler, more compact and miniaturization.
  • a third through-groove 622 is also provided in a radial direction at a position different from the second through-groove 621 in the circumferential direction, and the hot-end rotary valve cover 61 is also along the diameter
  • a third through hole 612 is provided toward the opening, and when the hot end rotary spool 62 rotates until the third through hole 612 and the third through groove 622 face each other, fluid can be sequentially passed through the third through hole 612 3.
  • the third through slot 622 enters below the hot end rotary valve core 62.
  • the hole can enable the heat exchange fluid to enter the hot end rotary valve from the third through hole and the third through groove and discharge downward or enter the hot end rotary valve from below to be discharged from the radial third through hole, which
  • This connection method is suitable for communicating with the hot end heat exchanger outside the cold storage bed assembly.
  • the hot-end rotary valve is also composed of a hot-end rotary valve cover 61 and a hot-end rotary valve core 62.
  • the hot-end rotary valve cover 61 is fixed and passes through the hot-end rotary valve core
  • the rotation of 62 controls the opening and closing of the flow channel.
  • the hot end rotary valve can control the flow channels in two directions, namely the axial flow channel and the radial flow channel.
  • the rotation of the hot-end rotary valve also causes the through holes (or channels) on the valve spool to periodically overlap or misalign with the water outlet on the bonnet, thereby achieving multi-flow direction control through the hot-end rotary valve.
  • the hot-end rotary valve cover 61 includes a circular end plate 613 and an annular outer edge 614 connected to a radial outer edge of the end plate and extending axially, the third through hole 612 and the second
  • the through hole 611 is located in the same circumferential direction of the hot end rotary valve cover 61, and the second through hole 611 is provided on the end plate 613 and penetrates in the axial direction, and the third through hole 612 is provided in the The ring-shaped outer edge 614 penetrates in the radial direction.
  • the cold storage bed assembly 2 is further provided with a through fourth through hole 23 in the radial direction, one end of the fourth through hole 23 communicates with the magnetic gap space 22, and the other end can communicate with One end of the hot end heat exchanger 4 and the other end of the hot end heat exchanger 4 can communicate with the third through slot 622 of the hot end rotary spool 62; and/or, the second
  • the through slot 621 is also an arc-shaped slot matching the shape of the magnetic gap space 22.
  • the effective communication between them saves a lot of pipelines and valves, making the structure simple and easy to process.
  • the hot end heat exchanger 4 includes two, one of which can communicate with one end of the hot end rotary valve 6 and the other can communicate with the other end of the hot end rotary valve 6.
  • This is the preferred structural form of the hot-end heat exchanger of the present application. That is, as shown in FIGS. 4-6, the hot-end heat exchanger is two on both sides, and two magnetic refrigeration processes are performed simultaneously to maximize efficiency, The structure is simplified.
  • the magnet assembly 1 includes a rotor assembly 11 and a stator assembly 12.
  • the stator assembly 12 has an annular structure
  • the cold storage bed assembly 2 also has an annular structure.
  • the rotor assembly 11 and the rotor assembly 11 In the radial gap between the stator assemblies 12; preferably, the rotor assembly is a permanent magnet rotor assembly, and the stator assembly is a permanent magnet stator assembly.
  • the rotor assembly 11 includes at least one fan-shaped structure or fan-shaped structure in the circumferential direction. The rotor assembly 11 can rotate in a space radially inward of the regenerator bed assembly 2 to form an alternating magnetic field. This is the preferred structural form of the magnet assembly in the magnetic refrigeration device of the present application. As shown in FIG.
  • the stator assembly is a circular ring structure, so that when the rotor assembly rotates inside the stator assembly, It can generate an alternating magnetic field in the circumferential direction.
  • the rotor is opposite to the stator circumferential direction and the stator is not opposite to the stator circumferential direction, so as to realize the excitation or demagnetization of the magnetic working medium in different magnetic gap spaces of the cold storage bed. Function, to achieve multiple magnetic cooling and heating processes simultaneously, to maximize efficiency.
  • the permanent magnet component includes a rotor assembly 11 (preferably a permanent magnet rotor) and a stator assembly 12 (preferably a permanent magnet stator); the cold storage bed assembly 2 is fixed to the permanent magnet stator.
  • the permanent magnet rotor rotates with the main shaft.
  • a magnetic field will begin to form and magnetize the cold storage bed.
  • the rotor and stator phase completely coincide, the magnetization process is completed
  • the phase of the rotor and the stator begins to shift.
  • the magnetic storage bed is demagnetized.
  • the demagnetization process is completed.
  • the magnetic working medium is continuously demagnetized and demagnetized, so that it continuously releases heat and absorbs heat.
  • the rotor assembly 11 includes two fan-ring structures distributed symmetrically in the center in the circumferential direction.
  • This is a further preferred structural form of the rotor assembly of the present application, as shown in FIG. 3, which is a symmetrical two fan-ring structure, that is, each fan ring occupies a quarter of the circumferential direction, and the two fan rings occupy the circumferential direction 1/2 of the part, so that in the direction of rotation, the magnetic working medium in two magnetic gap spaces is excited, and the magnetic working medium in the other two magnetic gap spaces is demagnetized.
  • piston pump assembly 7 Also includes piston pump assembly 7;
  • the piston pump assembly 7 and the cold storage bed assembly 2 can communicate with each other, and the heat exchange fluid between the piston pump assembly 7 and the cold storage bed assembly 2 can pass through the hot end rotary valve 6 or the The cold-end rotary valve 5 realizes switching between communication and closed communication.
  • the cold storage bed and the piston cylinder are connected by the hot end rotary valve, and there is no need to connect through the pipeline.
  • the structure is compact and miniaturized; and the multi-cavity piston cylinder can realize the simultaneous compression or suction of multiple cylinders.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present application is four piston cylinders, and four cylinders are realized by one device At the same time, the efficiency is greatly improved; and the cylindrical cam is used as the fluid drive mechanism of the magnetic refrigerator, which effectively realizes the simultaneous reciprocating up and down movement of four or more circumferential pistons, which is more efficient and makes the system more compact.
  • the piston pump assembly 7 includes an annular multi-cavity piston cylinder 71, which includes a radial inner wall, a radial outer wall and a radial inner wall between the radial inner wall and the radial outer wall A compression space 72 that penetrates the multi-cavity piston cylinder 71 in the axial direction;
  • the piston pump assembly 7 further includes a piston 73 capable of axially reciprocating movement in the compression space 72, and each compression space 72 is correspondingly provided with one piston 73;
  • the piston pump assembly 7 further includes a cylindrical cam 74, and an outer circumferential surface of the cam 74 is provided with a receiving groove 741 in the circumferential direction;
  • One end of the piston 73 is stuck in the compression space 72, and the other end of the piston is stuck in the accommodating groove 741, so that when the cam 74 rotates, the one end of the piston 73 can follow
  • the change in the circumferential shape of the receiving groove 741 is driven to reciprocate in the compression space 72.
  • two opposite pistons can move up simultaneously and two opposite pistons can move down simultaneously.
  • the center distance between the accommodating groove 741 and the axial lower end surface of the cylindrical cam 74 gradually increases, gradually decreases, gradually increases, and then gradually decreases along the circumferential direction, so that the piston 73 is driven by the rotation of the accommodating groove 741 to perform a reciprocating movement of ascending, descending, re-rising and re-declining.
  • the multi-chamber piston cam mechanism functions to drive the fluid circulation of the magnetic refrigeration system.
  • the mechanism is composed of a cylindrical cam and a multi-cavity piston cylinder.
  • the cylindrical cam is directly connected to the main shaft through a key connection. When the motor drives the main shaft to rotate, the cylindrical cam will rotate.
  • the surface of the cylindrical cam is provided with a trajectory profile corresponding to the circulation cycle of the flow path (ie, containing groove 741), and the bottom of the piston rod of the multi-cavity piston cylinder is provided with a roller contacting the trajectory of the cam groove.
  • the multi-cavity piston cylinder 71 has a cylindrical shape, and four tile-shaped cavities are evenly distributed in its thick wall.
  • the shape of the piston 73 is matched with the tile-shaped cavity and can be placed in the piston cavity Slide up and down inside.
  • the four circumferentially arranged pistons can be moved up and down periodically, and the fluid in the cavity can be compressed into the pipeline when moving upward, and the pipeline can be compressed when moving downward.
  • This kind of multi-cavity piston cam mechanism is characterized by a very compact structure, especially compared with the previous disc cam and radial arrangement of multiple piston cylinders.
  • the drive shaft 8 is simultaneously connected to the cam 74, the hot-end rotary valve 6 and the cold-end rotary valve 5 to simultaneously drive the cam 74, the hot-end rotary valve 6 and the cold-end rotary valve 5 Turn.
  • a rotary drive shaft can be connected to the cam, the hot-end rotary valve and the cold-end rotary valve in the axial direction through the entire magnetic refrigeration device, and the cam and hot end can be realized at the same time by a rotary drive shaft
  • the synchronous rotation of the rotary valve and the cold-end rotary valve drives the heat exchange fluid to be pumped out or sucked back from the piston pump
  • the hot-end rotary valve opens the passage between the piston pump and the cold storage bed or closes the passage and opens the cold storage bed and the heat
  • the passage between the end heat exchangers and the driving cold end rotary valve open the passage between the cold storage bed and the cold end heat exchanger or close the passage, which maximizes the driving efficiency, reduces the structural arrangement, and makes the structure more compact.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken from the D-D plane of FIG. 1 in this embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken from the A-A plane of FIG. 3, and the fluid flow direction is indicated by the arrow in FIG.
  • the complete machine in this embodiment includes a permanent magnet part and a cold storage bed part, a multi-cavity piston cam mechanism, a cold end rotary valve, a hot end rotary valve, and a cold and hot end heat exchanger.
  • the lower end of the rotary drive shaft 8 is connected to the motor, and the main shaft is driven to rotate by the motor to provide the original power for the whole machine.
  • the components that rotate with the main shaft are: the spool of the cold end rotary valve 5, the permanent magnet rotor assembly, the spool of the hot end rotary valve 6, the cylindrical cam 74, and the multi-cavity
  • the piston 73 in the body piston cylinder 71 moves up and down with the cam. All parts except the above are fixed parts.
  • the arc-shaped hole in the spool of the cold-end rotary valve 5 opens the flow path of the cold storage bed to the cold-end heat exchanger (the flow direction in the figure is through the arrow), and the hot-end rotary valve 6 closes the hot-end heat exchanger 4 to the flow path of the piston pump assembly 7, thus forming the flow path marked by the flow direction arrow in the above figure.
  • the cam rotates with the main shaft, it will push up the left and right pistons in the figure through the groove trajectory to compress the fluid in it, thereby compressing the cold fluid in the cold storage bed into the cold end heat exchanger for heat exchange , This process will continue for 1/4 rotation cycle.
  • Fig. 6 is a complete machine diagram developed by rotary cross-section.
  • the two piston cylinders and two regenerator beds in the cross-sectional view are in adjacent positions, while Figs. 4 and 5 show two pistons and two Cold storage bed.
  • the 180° shows the same condition of the cold storage bed and the piston cylinder at work, while the two adjacent piston cylinders and the cold storage bed just form a complete circuit, which corresponds to the system flow diagram in FIG. 6.
  • the fluid is pushed to the cold end heat exchanger for heat exchange; synchronously, the left cold storage bed is magnetized to release heat. Under the action of the left piston, the hot fluid in the left cold storage bed flows to the hot end heat exchanger Heat dissipation. When the left piston moves to the bottom and the right piston moves to the top, the next fluid flows from the left to the right, and the above two processes complete a flow circuit cycle.
  • the refrigeration cycle of the magnetic refrigerator is realized.
  • the fluid flowing through the hot-side heat exchanger is unidirectional, so there is no stagnation volume that existed in the past when the fluid reciprocated; the same cold-end heat exchanger also achieved unidirectional flow,
  • multiple cold-end radiators have been made into a large cold-end radiator.

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Abstract

一种磁制冷装置，其包括：冷端旋转阀（5），设置在蓄冷床组件（2）和冷端换热器（3）之间，且能够旋转而使得蓄冷床组件（2）与冷端换热器（3）之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换；和/或，还包括热端旋转阀（6），热端旋转阀（6）设置在蓄冷床组件（2）和热端换热器（4）之间，且能够旋转而使得蓄冷床组件（2）与热端换热器（4）之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。取消了现有技术中磁制冷装置中在蓄冷床组件（2）和冷端换热器（3）以及蓄冷床组件（2）与热端换热器（4）之间的大量管路，解决了磁制冷机结构和尺寸较大、结构不紧凑的问题。

Description

一种磁制冷装置
本申请要求于2018年12月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811582894.4、发明名称为“一种磁制冷装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于磁制冷技术领域，具体涉及一种磁制冷装置。
背景技术
本申请涉及磁制冷领域，主要涉及旋转式磁制冷装置结构与流路系统。
随着传统蒸汽压缩式制冷技术在对环境的不友好性和换热效率方面的弊端日渐明显，新型制冷技术(非蒸气压缩式制冷)的研发日趋紧迫。磁制冷技术则是发展前景最被看好的新型制冷技术之一，尤其是其在环境友好性和高效能方面的优势十分突出，相比传统蒸汽压缩式制冷，磁制冷的制冷效率可达卡诺循环效率的40％～50％，比传统的压缩制冷方式高30％左右；此外磁制冷方式采用磁性材料进行固-液换热，无对环境有害的气体；并且磁制冷装置的运行频率低，产生的噪声小。凭借上述优势，磁制冷技术成为近年来受关注度最高的新制冷技术。目前其主要研究方向是磁制冷材料的开发与制备和磁制冷装置的设计两方面，本申请即是针对后者进行。
磁制冷装置是一种利用磁热材料的物理特性进行制冷的设备，该装置的技术基础是磁热材料的磁热效应，即：在对磁热材料施加变化磁场时，会导致磁热材料温度的升高或者降低，磁场强度增加时材料磁熵减小、放热、温度升高，磁场强度降低时材料磁熵增加、吸热、温度降低。所以一种磁制冷装置一般需要具有：变化的磁场、磁工质床(用于放置磁热材料)、传热流体、冷端换热器、热端换热器以及配套的动力部件。
在以往的磁制冷装置中，按运动形式可以分为三类：静止式、往复式、旋转式，其中静止式是利用电磁铁产生变化磁场，存在绕组线圈大、散热困难问 题；往复式是利用磁体与磁工质床间的直线往复运动实现变化磁场，存在运行频率低、制冷效率不高的问题；旋转式则具有结构紧凑、运行频率高、制冷效果好的优势，是以后磁制冷装置发展的方向。
旋转式磁制冷装置的实现变化磁场的方式有两种：旋转的磁体或者旋转的磁工质床，两者均是通过磁场与磁工质床的相对运动让磁工质承受交变场强，使磁工质不断的发生磁热反应，然后通过驱动部件驱动换热流体经过流路系统将磁工质所产生的高温和低温分别运输到热端换热器和冷端换热器，流路系统对应着旋转运动而不断循环，从而实现持续制冷。
由于现有技术中的磁制冷装置存在流路连接复杂，实际原理样机较大、结构不够紧凑，端热交换器管路中存在较大滞留体积的流体，降低了磁制冷机的换热效率，需使用较多的单向阀，使得流路十分复杂等技术问题，因此本申请研究设计出一种磁制冷装置。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的磁制冷装置存在流路连接复杂，实际原理样机较大、结构不够紧凑的缺陷，从而提供一种磁制冷装置。
本申请提供一种磁制冷装置，其包括：
磁体组件，能够产生交变磁场；
蓄冷床组件，能够容纳磁工质，以通过交变磁场使得磁工质产生励磁放热或去磁吸热的作用；
冷端换热器、能够使得经过所述蓄冷床组件中被磁工质吸热降温的换热流体在所述冷端换热器中释放冷量；
热端换热器、能够使得经过所述蓄冷床组件中被磁工质放热升温的换热流体在所述热端换热器中释放热量；
还包括冷端旋转阀，所述冷端旋转阀设置在所述蓄冷床组件和所述冷端换热器之间，且所述冷端旋转阀能够旋转而使得所述蓄冷床组件与所述冷端换热器之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换；
和/或，还包括热端旋转阀，所述热端旋转阀设置在所述蓄冷床组件和所述热端换热器之间，且所述热端旋转阀能够旋转而使得所述蓄冷床组件与所述热 端换热器之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。
优选地，
所述蓄冷床组件包括环形结构的蓄冷床本体和开设在所述蓄冷床本体上的磁隙空间、所述磁隙空间中能够容置磁工质，所述磁隙空间在所述蓄冷床本体的轴向端面上沿轴向开设、且所述蓄冷床本体上开设有通孔以容许换热流体进入所述磁隙空间中与所述磁工质进行换热、并阻止磁工质脱出。
优选地，
在横向截面内，所述磁隙空间为弧形槽结构；和/或，所述磁隙空间为在所述蓄冷床本体的圆周方向均匀分布的多个、且多个所述磁隙空间的形状和大小均相等。
优选地，
所述冷端旋转阀包括冷端旋转阀盖和冷端旋转阀芯，所述冷端旋转阀芯能够相对于所述冷端旋转阀盖旋转，所述冷端旋转阀芯上设置有能与所述蓄冷床组件上的磁隙空间连通的第一通槽，所述冷端旋转阀盖上设置有第一通孔，当所述冷端旋转阀芯旋转至使得所述磁隙空间与所述第一通槽和所述第一通孔同时相对时、所述换热流体能够依次从所述磁隙空间、所述第一通槽和所述第一通孔流出。
优选地，
所述第一通槽为与所述磁隙空间形状相匹配的弧形槽，和/或，所述第一通槽为多个、且在所述冷端旋转阀芯上沿周向分布；和/或，所述第一通孔为在所述冷端旋转阀盖上开设的多个、且在所述冷端旋转阀盖上沿周向分布。
优选地，
所述冷端旋转阀盖为圆环形结构、所述冷端旋转阀芯也为圆环形结构，所述第一通孔为在所述冷端旋转阀盖上轴向贯通的通孔、所述第一通槽为在所述冷端旋转阀芯上轴向贯通的通槽。
优选地，
多个所述第一通槽中、存在至少一个第一通槽与至少一个第一通槽距离所述冷端旋转阀芯的圆心的间距不相等；多个所述第一通孔中、存在至少一个第一通孔与至少一个第一通孔距离所述冷端旋转阀芯的圆心的间距不相等；且位于径向内侧的第一通槽与位于径向内侧的第一通孔能够通过所述冷端旋转阀 芯的旋转而形成轴向相对，位于径向外侧的第一通槽与位于径向外侧的第一通孔能够通过所述冷端旋转阀芯的旋转而形成轴向相对。
优选地，
所述冷端换热器包括位于其内部的第一换热管路和第二换热管路，其中所述第一换热管路与所述蓄冷床组件的至少一个磁隙空间连通，所述第二换热管路与至少一个磁隙空间连通，且所述第一换热管路和第二换热管路互不连通，换热流体在所述第一换热管路中始终沿第一方向流动、换热流体在所述第二换热管路中始终沿第二方向流动、且所述第一方向与所述第二方向不相同。
优选地，
当多个第一通槽中、存在至少一个第一通槽与至少一个第一通槽距离冷端旋转阀芯的圆心的间距不相等；多个第一通孔中、存在至少一个第一通孔与至少一个第一通孔距离冷端旋转阀芯的圆心的间距不相等时：
所述第一换热管路的入口端与位于径向外侧的第一通孔连通，所述第一换热管路的出口端与位于径向内侧的第一通孔连通；和/或，所述第二换热管路的入口端与位于径向外侧的第一通孔连通，所述第二换热管路的出口端与位于径向内侧的第一通孔连通。
优选地，
所述热端旋转阀包括热端旋转阀盖和热端旋转阀芯，所述热端旋转阀芯能够相对于所述热端旋转阀盖旋转，所述热端旋转阀芯上设置有能与所述蓄冷床组件上的磁隙空间沿轴向连通的第二通槽，所述热端旋转阀盖上沿轴向设置有第二通孔，当所述热端旋转阀芯旋转至使得所述磁隙空间与所述第二通孔和所述第二通槽同时相对时、换热流体能够依次从所述第二通槽、所述第二通孔流入所述磁隙空间。
优选地，
在所述热端旋转阀芯上、与所述第二通槽在周向不同的位置还沿径向方向开设有第三通槽，所述热端旋转阀盖上还沿径向开设有第三通孔，当所述热端旋转阀芯旋转至所述第三通孔和所述第三通槽相对时、能够使得流体依次通过所述第三通孔、所述第三通槽进入所述热端旋转阀芯的下方。
优选地，
所述热端旋转阀盖包括圆环形的端板和连接在所述端板径向外缘且朝轴 向延伸的环形外沿，所述第三通孔和所述第二通孔位于所述热端旋转阀盖的同一周向上、且所述第二通孔设置于所述端板上且沿轴向贯通、所述第三通孔设置于所述环形外沿上且沿径向方向贯通。
优选地，
所述蓄冷床组件上沿径向方向还开设有贯通的第四通孔，所述第四通孔一端与所述磁隙空间连通、另一端能够连通到所述热端换热器的一端，所述热端换热器的另一端能够连通到所述热端旋转阀芯的所述第三通槽；和/或，所述第二通槽也为与所述磁隙空间形状相匹配的弧形槽。
优选地，
所述热端换热器包括两个，其中一个能够与所述热端旋转阀的一端连通、另一个能够与所述热端旋转阀的另一端连通。
优选地，
所述磁体组件包括转子组件和定子组件，所述定子组件为环形结构，所述蓄冷床组件也为环形结构、设置于所述转子组件和所述定子组件之间的径向间隙中；所述转子组件包括至少一个扇形结构或扇环形结构，所述转子组件能够在所述蓄冷床组件的径向内侧空间转动，而形成交变磁场。
优选地，
所述转子组件包括在周向方向上且呈中心对称分布的两个扇环形结构。
优选地，
还包括活塞泵组件；
所述活塞泵组件与所述蓄冷床组件之间能够连通，且所述活塞泵组件与所述蓄冷床组件之间的换热流体能够通过所述热端旋转阀或所述冷端旋转阀而实现在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。
优选地，
所述活塞泵组件包括环形的多腔体活塞缸筒，所述多腔体活塞缸筒包括径向内壁、径向外壁和位于所述径向内壁和所述径向外壁之间的压缩空间，所述压缩空间沿轴向方向贯穿所述多腔体活塞缸筒；
所述活塞泵组件还包括能够在所述压缩空间中做轴向往复运动的活塞，每个压缩空间均对应地设置一个所述活塞；
所述活塞泵组件还包括圆柱状的凸轮，所述凸轮的外周面上沿周向方向开 设有容纳槽；
所述活塞的一端卡设在所述压缩空间中、所述活塞的另一端卡设在所述容纳槽中，使得所述凸轮旋转时、所述活塞的所述一端能够随着所述容纳槽的周向形状变化被带动而在所述压缩空间中做往复运动。
优选地，
所述容纳槽距离所述圆柱状的凸轮的轴向下端面之间的中心间距沿圆周方向呈逐渐增大、逐渐减小、再逐渐增大和再逐渐减小的分布，使得所述活塞被所述容纳槽的旋转带动而做上升、下降、再上升和再下降的往复运动。
优选地，
还包括旋转驱动轴，所述旋转驱动轴穿设进入所述活塞泵组件、所述热端旋转阀、所述蓄冷床组件、所述冷端旋转阀中，所述旋转驱动轴同时与所述凸轮、所述热端旋转阀和所述冷端旋转阀连接，以同时驱动所述凸轮、所述热端旋转阀和所述冷端旋转阀转动。
本申请提供的一种磁制冷装置具有如下有益效果：
1.本申请通过设置冷端旋转阀和/或热端旋转阀，能够使得冷端旋转阀连接设置在蓄冷床组件和冷端换热器之间、使得蓄冷床组件和冷端换热器能够通过冷端旋转阀实现连通和关闭，热端旋转阀连接设置在蓄冷床组件和热端换热器之间、使得蓄冷床组件和热端换热器能够通过热端旋转阀实现连通和关闭，有效地取消了现有技术中磁制冷装置中在蓄冷床组件和冷端换热器以及蓄冷床组件与热端换热器之间需要连接大量的管路以实现流路的连通和关闭连通，从而有效地解决了磁制冷机结构和尺寸较大、结构不紧凑的问题，有效地实现结构的小型化和简单化；
2.并且本申请的磁制冷装置由于采用了冷端旋转阀和热端旋转阀还有效地替换了原有磁制冷机中蓄冷床和冷端换热器之间连接管路上需要设置多个单向阀或其他控制阀的结构形式、也取消掉了原有磁制冷机中蓄冷床和热端换热器之间连接管路上需要设置多个单向阀或其他控制阀的结构形式，进一步省去了大量的阀组件，进一步使得结构和流路变得更为简单和紧凑，进一步有效地实现结构的小型化和简单化。
3.本申请还通过设置两个冷端换热流路的结构形式，使得换热流体在经过第一个蓄冷床被制冷后进入第一个冷端换热流路中制冷，而在经过第二个蓄冷 床被制冷后进入第二个冷端换热流路中制冷、不必再反向地进入第一个冷端换热流路中进行制冷，消除了只有一个冷端换热流路时蓄冷床与冷端换热器之间管路内流体在流向切换时的回流，从而有效地防止或是减小了管路系统与换热器中的换热流体的滞留体积，减轻了滞留体积对系统性能的影响，使得管路与冷热端换热中均无滞留体积，磁制冷系统有了很大的改善，换热效率得到了很大的提升。
4.本申请还通过采用环状多腔体活塞缸以及蓄冷床与之配合，使蓄冷床与活塞缸之间通过热端旋转阀进行连接，不需要通过管路进行连接，实现结构紧凑化和小型化，且多腔体活塞缸能够实现多缸体的同时压缩或吸气的作用，例如本申请的优选实施例为四个活塞缸，通过一个装置实现了四个缸体的同时作用，效率大为提高；并且采用圆柱凸轮作为磁制冷机的流体驱动机构，有效地实现了四个或多个圆周方向的活塞的同时的往复上下运动，效率更高，且使得系统更加紧凑。
附图说明
图1是本申请的磁制冷装置的总装结构示意图；
图2是本申请的磁制冷装置的爆炸结构示意图；
图3是图1中D-D方向的平面剖视图；
图4是本申请的磁制冷装置沿图3的A-A方向的剖面结构示意图；
图5是本申请的磁制冷装置沿图3的B-B方向的剖面结构示意图；
图6是本申请的磁制冷装置沿图3的C-C方向的剖面结构示意图；
图7是本申请的磁制冷装置中的永磁体部件与蓄冷床部件的区域剖视图；
图8是本申请的磁制冷装置中的冷端旋转阀的爆炸结构图；
图9是本申请的磁制冷装置中的热端旋转阀的爆炸结构图；
图10是本申请的磁制冷装置中的多腔体活塞凸轮机构的立体结构图。
图11是本申请的磁制冷装置的磁制冷流路原理结构示意图(图中的管路和阀只是象征性地示出、以方便理解流体流动过程，而实际上是通过热端旋转阀和冷端旋转阀替代)。
图中附图标记表示为：
1、磁体组件；11、转子组件；12、定子组件；2、蓄冷床组件；21、蓄冷 床本体；211、通孔；22、磁隙空间；23、第四通孔；24、蓄冷床上盖；25、磁工质；3、冷端换热器；31、第一换热管路；32、第二换热管路；4、热端换热器；5、冷端旋转阀；51、冷端旋转阀盖；511、第一通孔；52、冷端旋转阀芯；521、第一通槽；6、热端旋转阀；61、热端旋转阀盖；611、第二通孔；612、第三通孔；613、端板；614、环形外沿；62、热端旋转阀芯；621、第二通槽；622、第三通槽；7、活塞泵组件；71、多腔体活塞缸筒；72、压缩空间；73、活塞；731、活塞杆；74、凸轮；741、容纳槽；75、下端盖；8、旋转驱动轴；9、管路。
具体实施方式
如图1-12所示，本申请提供一种磁制冷装置，其包括：
磁体组件1，能够产生交变磁场；
蓄冷床组件2，能够容纳磁工质，以通过交变磁场使得磁工质产生励磁放热或去磁吸热的作用；
冷端换热器3、能够使得经过所述蓄冷床组件中被磁工质吸热降温的换热流体在所述冷端换热器3中释放冷量；
热端换热器4、能够使得经过所述蓄冷床组件中被磁工质放热升温的换热流体在所述热端换热器4中释放热量；
还包括冷端旋转阀5，所述冷端旋转阀5设置在所述蓄冷床组件2和所述冷端换热器3之间，且所述冷端旋转阀能够旋转而使得所述蓄冷床组件与所述冷端换热器3之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换；
和/或，还包括热端旋转阀6，所述热端旋转阀6设置在所述蓄冷床组件2和所述热端换热器4之间，且所述热端旋转阀6能够旋转而使得所述蓄冷床组件2与所述热端换热器4之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。
本申请通过设置冷端旋转阀和/或热端旋转阀，能够使得冷端旋转阀连接设置在蓄冷床组件和冷端换热器之间、使得蓄冷床组件和冷端换热器能够通过冷端旋转阀实现连通和关闭，热端旋转阀连接设置在蓄冷床组件和热端换热器之间、使得蓄冷床组件和热端换热器能够通过热端旋转阀实现连通和关闭，有效地取消了现有技术中磁制冷装置中在蓄冷床组件和冷端换热器以及蓄冷床组件与热端换热器之间需要连接大量的管路以实现流路的连通和关闭连通，从而 有效地解决了磁制冷机结构和尺寸较大、结构不紧凑的问题，有效地实现结构的小型化和简单化。
并且本申请的磁制冷装置由于采用了冷端旋转阀和热端旋转阀还有效地替换了原有磁制冷机中蓄冷床和冷端换热器之间连接管路上需要设置多个单向阀或其他控制阀的结构形式、也取消掉了原有磁制冷机中蓄冷床和热端换热器之间连接管路上需要设置多个单向阀或其他控制阀的结构形式，进一步省去了大量的阀组件，进一步使得结构和流路变得更为简单和紧凑，进一步有效地实现结构的小型化和简单化。
本申请在于：
1、采用机械运动机构作为流体流向控制阀替代单向阀，使得系统总共只有两个阀机构，从而使活塞缸与蓄冷床之间没有管路，而是直接进行连接，很大程度上简化了管路系统。
2、采用环状多腔体活塞缸以及瓦状蓄冷床与之配合，使蓄冷床与活塞缸之间不需要管路进行连接，另外，采用圆柱凸轮作为磁制冷机的流体驱动机构，使得系统更加紧凑。
3、通过增加一个冷端换热器和旁路的设计避免了管路系统与换热器中的换热流体的滞留体积，提高了换热效率。)
优选地，
所述蓄冷床组件2包括环形结构的蓄冷床本体21和开设在所述蓄冷床本体21上的磁隙空间22、所述磁隙空间22中能够容置磁工质，所述磁隙空间22在所述蓄冷床本体21的轴向端面上沿轴向开设、且所述蓄冷床本体21上开设有通孔211以容许换热流体进入所述磁隙空间中与所述磁工质进行换热、并阻止磁工质脱出。
这是本申请的蓄冷床组件的优选结构形式，即通过蓄冷床本体和在其上开设的磁隙空间、能够在磁隙空间中容置磁工质，磁工质能够随着交变磁场的变化而产生制冷吸热和制热放热的作用、而磁隙空间还能容许换热流体进入其中以与磁工质进行换热作用，磁隙空间沿轴向方向开设能够使得换热流体从轴向方向进入磁隙空间中、并沿轴向流出磁隙空间而进入冷端换热器或热端换热器，且磁隙空间的端面设置有蓄冷床上盖和下盖、用于阻止磁工质从磁隙空间中脱出。
优选地，
在横向截面内，所述磁隙空间22为弧形槽结构；和/或，所述磁隙空间22为在所述蓄冷床本体21的圆周方向均匀分布的多个、且多个所述磁隙空间22的形状和大小均相等，磁隙空间优选为4个。这是本申请的磁隙空间的优选结构形式，通过设置为弧形槽结构能够使其与圆环形状的蓄冷床本体形状相匹配，且多个磁隙空间可以形成多个同时工作的蓄冷床单元、即同时多处地进行磁工质升温或降温的作用，使得效率进一步得到提升、结构更为紧凑。且一个所述磁隙空间在周向上的长度与一个所述扇形结构或扇环形结构的所述转子组件相对应。
优选地，
所述冷端旋转阀5包括冷端旋转阀盖51和冷端旋转阀芯52，所述冷端旋转阀芯52能够相对于所述冷端旋转阀盖51旋转，所述冷端旋转阀芯52上设置有能与所述蓄冷床组件2上的磁隙空间22连通的第一通槽521，所述冷端旋转阀盖51上设置有第一通孔511，当所述冷端旋转阀芯52旋转至使得所述磁隙空间22与所述第一通槽521和所述第一通孔511同时相对时、所述换热流体能够依次从所述磁隙空间22、所述第一通槽521和所述第一通孔511流出。
这是本申请的冷端旋转阀的优选结构形式，尤其可以参见图8所示，即通过冷端旋转阀盖和冷端旋转阀芯的匹配结构，且冷端旋转阀芯能够转动、冷端旋转阀芯固定，能够通过冷端旋转方向的转动使得阀芯上的第一通槽与阀盖上的第一通孔进行连通和关闭连通，从而形成打开蓄冷床与冷端换热器之间的流路的打开和关闭的作用和功能，有效地省去了原有结构中的多个单向阀以及其他复杂的阀组件以及省去了复杂的流路，使得结构更为简单、紧凑和小型化。
优选地，
所述第一通槽521为与所述磁隙空间22形状相匹配的弧形槽，和/或，所述第一通槽521为多个、且在所述冷端旋转阀芯52上沿周向分布；和/或，所述第一通孔511为在所述冷端旋转阀盖51上开设的多个、且在所述冷端旋转阀盖51上沿周向分布。这是本申请的第一通槽和第一通孔的优选结构形式以及数量和设置形式，与磁隙空间形状匹配能够最大程度地从磁隙空间中接收最大流量的流体以及释放出最大流量的换热流体至磁隙空间中，每个磁隙空间对应地设置一个第一通槽和第一通孔、能够使得每个磁隙空间中的换热流体均能 经过冷端旋转阀的调节而输出至冷端换热器、或者从冷端换热器输出至每个磁隙空间中，实现了效率的最大化。
优选地，
所述冷端旋转阀盖51为圆环形结构、所述冷端旋转阀芯52也为圆环形结构，所述第一通孔511为在所述冷端旋转阀盖51上轴向贯通的通孔、所述第一通槽521为在所述冷端旋转阀芯52上轴向贯通的通槽。这是本申请的冷端旋转阀盖以及冷端旋转阀芯的优选结构形式以及第一通孔和第一通槽的优选开设形式，圆环形结构能够有效地与蓄冷床本体进行很好的匹配，且轴向贯通的通孔和通槽能够在冷端旋转阀盖设置于蓄冷床轴向一端时使得换流体能够沿轴向方向从蓄冷床到达冷端旋转阀中、或从冷端旋转阀到达磁隙空间中，使得结构有效地融为一体，结构更加紧凑和小型化。
如图8所示，所述冷端旋转阀由冷端旋转阀盖51与冷端旋转阀芯52组成，该阀的功能是对轴向流体进行周期性的流向控制。
在冷端旋转阀盖51的两个不同直径的同心圆上各均布了4个出水孔，用以与冷端换热器相连，冷端旋转阀盖51与蓄冷床固定不动；在冷端旋转阀芯52上的两不同直径的同心圆上也各布置有2个弧形口，共4个弧形口分别成90°分布，阀芯与阀盖的内外同心圆直径相等，冷端旋转阀芯52为旋转零件，冷端旋转阀即是通过冷端旋转阀芯52的旋转实现冷端旋转阀盖51上的各出水口的开闭的。上图中的时刻，冷端旋转阀芯52的弧形口(第一通槽521)分别与冷端旋转阀盖51的第一通孔511相重合，此时从蓄冷床出来的流体就可从这样的弧形口与出水口重叠的流道中通过，反之则不能通过。
该阀的控制核心就在于冷端旋转阀盖51和冷端旋转阀芯52上分布的出水口与弧形口的周期性重合与错位，从而实现周期性流向开闭与流路的控制作用。
优选地，
多个所述第一通槽521中、存在至少一个第一通槽521与至少一个第一通槽521距离所述冷端旋转阀芯52的圆心的间距不相等；多个所述第一通孔511中、存在至少一个第一通孔511与至少一个第一通孔511距离所述冷端旋转阀芯52的圆心的间距不相等；且位于径向内侧的第一通槽521与位于径向内侧的第一通孔511能够通过所述冷端旋转阀芯52的旋转而形成轴向相对，位于径向外侧的第一通槽521与位于径向外侧的第一通孔511能够通过所述冷端旋 转阀芯52的旋转而形成轴向相对。
这是本申请的冷端旋转阀上的第一通槽和第一通孔的进一步优选的结构形式，即多个第一通槽中存在中心距(具冷端旋转阀芯的圆心)不同的第一通槽，这样的布置形式是为了使得中心距不同的第一通槽能够对应地与冷端换热器上的两个或两个以上的换热流路进行分别连通，设置两个或两个以上的换热流路，能够使得换热流体在经过第一个蓄冷床被制冷后进入第一个冷端换热流路中制冷，而在经过第二个蓄冷床被制冷后进入第二个冷端换热流路中制冷、不必再反向地进入第一个冷端换热流路中进行制冷，消除了只有一个冷端换热流路时蓄冷床与冷端换热器之间管路内流体在流向切换时的回流，从而有效地防止或是减小了管路系统与换热器中的换热流体的滞留体积，减轻了滞留体积对系统性能的影响，使得管路与冷热端换热中均无滞留体积，磁制冷系统有了很大的改善，换热效率得到了很大的提升。
进一步优选所述第一通槽521为四个、且其中至少一个所述第一通槽521的中心线距所述冷端旋转阀芯的圆心的间距相等、为第一间距，且至少一个所述第一通槽521的中心线距所述冷端旋转阀芯的圆心的间距相等、为第二间距，且所述第一间距大于所述第二间距，且均为第一间距的两个通槽相邻设置、均为第二间距的两个通槽相邻设置。
优选地，
所述冷端换热器3包括位于其内部的第一换热管路31和第二换热管路32，其中所述第一换热管路31与所述蓄冷床组件2的至少一个磁隙空间22连通，所述第二换热管路32与至少一个磁隙空间22连通，且所述第一换热管路31和第二换热管路32互不连通，换热流体在所述第一换热管路31中始终沿第一方向流动、换热流体在所述第二换热管路32中始终沿第二方向流动、且所述第一方向与所述第二方向不相同。
设置两个或两个以上的换热流路(或称换热管路，下同)，能够使得换热流体在经过第一个蓄冷床被制冷后进入第一个冷端换热流路中制冷，而在经过第二个蓄冷床被制冷后进入第二个冷端换热流路中制冷、不必再反向地进入第一个冷端换热流路中进行制冷，消除了只有一个冷端换热流路时蓄冷床与冷端换热器之间管路内流体在流向切换时的回流，从而有效地防止或是减小了管路系统与换热器中的换热流体的滞留体积，减轻了滞留体积对系统性能的影响， 使得管路与冷热端换热中均无滞留体积，磁制冷系统有了很大的改善，换热效率得到了很大的提升。
本申请的磁制冷机系统原理示意图如图11所示(图中的管路和阀只是象征性地示出、以方便理解流体流动过程，而实际上是通过热端旋转阀和冷端旋转阀替代)：
磁制冷的基本原理就是通过永磁体对蓄冷床中的磁工质进行加磁或者去磁，使得磁工质发生磁热效应而散热或吸热，再通过换热流体将其产生的热量或者冷量通过换热流体带到热端或冷端，进而实现制冷循环。结合图11分析以下两个流动阶段：
①第一阶段(实线箭头流向)：永磁体对蓄冷床组件2(位于管路上面部分)去磁，使蓄冷床组件2吸热产生冷量，同时活塞泵组件7(上面部分)推程压缩无杆腔内的流体(活塞泵组件7(下面部分)则同时拉伸无杆腔内的流体)，通过压力将蓄冷床组件2内的冷流体压到冷端换热器3(第一换热管路31)中进行换热；而与前端流路同步的，蓄冷床组件2(位于管路下面部分)则被永磁体加磁放出热量，蓄冷床组件2内的热流体则在压力作用下流到下端的热端换热器4进行散热。整个过程可简述成：通过上端的活塞的推程和下端的活塞的回程作用，将上端的蓄冷床内的冷流体推到第一换热管路31、即冷端进行换热，而将下端的蓄冷床内的热流体推到下端的热端换热器4进行散热。
②第二阶段(虚线箭头流向)：永磁体对下端的蓄冷床组件2去磁，使其吸热产生冷量，同时下端的活塞泵组件7推程压缩无杆腔内的流体(上端的活塞泵组件7则同时拉伸无杆腔内的流体)，通过压力将下端的蓄冷床内的冷流体压到冷端换热器中的第二换热管路32中进行换热；而与前端流路同步的，上端的蓄冷床组件2则被永磁体加磁放出热量，其内的热流体则在压力作用下流到上端的热端换热器4进行散热。整个过程可简述成：通过下端的活塞的推程和上端的活塞的回程作用，将下端的蓄冷床内的冷流体推到第二换热管路32、即冷端进行换热，而将上端的蓄冷床内的热流体推到上端的热端换热器4进行散热。
本申请的磁制冷机即是通过上述的①②过程的循环工作实现的。而此流路系统与以往的流路系统图4相比，在同一个基础流路中，在系统前半个周期和后半个周期用具有独立管道的两个冷端换热器，消除了蓄冷床与冷端换热器之 间管路内流体在流向切换时的回流，从而极大的减轻了滞留体积对系统性能的影响。整个系统有了很大的改善，使得管路与冷热端换热中均无滞留体积，使效率得到了很大的提升。
优选地，
当多个第一通槽521中、存在至少一个第一通槽521与至少一个第一通槽521距离冷端旋转阀芯52的圆心的间距不相等；多个第一通孔511中、存在至少一个第一通孔511与至少一个第一通孔511距离冷端旋转阀芯52的圆心的间距不相等时：
所述第一换热管路31的入口端与位于径向外侧的第一通孔511连通，所述第一换热管路31的出口端与位于径向内侧的第一通孔511连通；和/或，所述第二换热管路32的入口端与位于径向外侧的第一通孔511连通，所述第二换热管路32的出口端与位于径向内侧的第一通孔511连通。这是本申请的两个的换热流路的具体与第一通孔(包括相对位于径向内侧的第一通孔和相对位于径向外侧的第一通孔)、第一通槽(包括相对位于径向内侧的第一通槽和相对位于径向外侧的第一通槽)的优选连接方式和连接关系。
优选地，
如图9所示，所述热端旋转阀6包括热端旋转阀盖61和热端旋转阀芯62，所述热端旋转阀芯62能够相对于所述热端旋转阀盖61旋转，所述热端旋转阀芯62上设置有能与所述蓄冷床组件2上的磁隙空间22沿轴向连通的第二通槽621，所述热端旋转阀盖61上沿轴向设置有第二通孔611，当所述热端旋转阀芯62旋转至使得所述磁隙空间22与所述第二通孔611和所述第二通槽621同时相对时、换热流体能够依次从所述第二通槽621、所述第二通孔611流入所述磁隙空间22。
这是本申请的热端旋转阀的优选结构形式，尤其可以参见图9所示，即通过热端旋转阀盖和热端旋转阀芯的匹配结构，且热端旋转阀芯能够转动、热端旋转阀芯固定，能够通过热端旋转方向的转动使得阀芯上的第二通槽与阀盖上的第二通孔进行连通和关闭连通，从而形成打开蓄冷床与热端换热器之间的流路的打开和关闭的作用和功能，有效地省去了原有结构中的多个单向阀以及其他复杂的阀组件以及省去了复杂的流路，使得结构更为简单、紧凑和小型化。
优选地，
在所述热端旋转阀芯62上、与所述第二通槽621在周向不同的位置还沿径向方向开设有第三通槽622，所述热端旋转阀盖61上还沿径向开设有第三通孔612，当所述热端旋转阀芯62旋转至所述第三通孔612和所述第三通槽622相对时、能够使得流体依次通过所述第三通孔612、所述第三通槽622进入所述热端旋转阀芯62的下方。
这是本申请的热端旋转阀的进一步的优选结构形式，通过在阀芯径向方向上沿径向开设设置的第三通槽和在阀盖径向方向上沿径向开设的第三通孔能够使得换热流体能够从第三通孔和第三通槽进入该热端旋转阀中并向下排出或从下方进入该热端旋转阀而从径向的第三通孔中排出，这种连接方式适用于与蓄冷床组件外部的热端换热器进行相连通。
如图9所示，与冷端旋转阀类似，热端旋转阀也由热端旋转阀盖61和热端旋转阀芯62组成，热端旋转阀盖61固定不动，通过热端旋转阀芯62的旋转对流道的通闭进行控制。热端旋转阀可控制两个方向的流道，即轴向流道与径向流道。同样的原理，热端旋转阀也是通过阀芯的旋转使得其上的通孔(或通道)与阀盖上的出水口周期性重叠或错位，从而实现了流过热端旋转阀的多流向控制。
优选地，
所述热端旋转阀盖61包括圆环形的端板613和连接在所述端板径向外缘且朝轴向延伸的环形外沿614，所述第三通孔612和所述第二通孔611位于所述热端旋转阀盖61的同一周向上、且所述第二通孔611设置于所述端板613上且沿轴向贯通、所述第三通孔612设置于所述环形外沿614上且沿径向方向贯通。这是本申请的热端旋转阀的阀盖和阀芯的进一步优选结构形式，能够有效地实现在环形外沿上开设第三通孔、并使第三通孔和第二通孔位于周向相同的位置，使得热端旋转方向旋转而使得第二通槽与第二通孔在轴向上连通时实现轴向流体连通、第三通槽与第三通孔在径向上连通时实现径向上的流体连通。
优选地，
参见图4-6，所述蓄冷床组件2上沿径向方向还开设有贯通的第四通孔23，所述第四通孔23一端与所述磁隙空间22连通、另一端能够连通到所述热端换热器4的一端，所述热端换热器4的另一端能够连通到所述热端旋转阀芯62的所述第三通槽622；和/或，所述第二通槽621也为与所述磁隙空间22形状 相匹配的弧形槽。这是本申请的蓄冷床上的进一步优选结构形式，通过径向方向开设的第四通孔能够使得蓄冷床的磁隙空间中的流体能够通过该径向通孔与外部的热端换热器连通、并将热端换热器的另一端连通至热端旋转阀中、并最后进入活塞泵的压缩腔体中，实现蓄冷床中流体与热端换热器、热端旋转阀和活塞泵之间的有效连通，省去大量的管路和阀，使得结构简单易于加工实现。
优选地，
所述热端换热器4包括两个，其中一个能够与所述热端旋转阀6的一端连通、另一个能够与所述热端旋转阀6的另一端连通。这是本申请的热端换热器的优选结构形式，即如图4-6所示，热端换热器为两侧的两个、实现两个磁制冷过程同时进行，实现效率最大化、结构简单化。
优选地，
如图3所示，所述磁体组件1包括转子组件11和定子组件12，所述定子组件12为环形结构，所述蓄冷床组件2也为环形结构、设置于所述转子组件11和所述定子组件12之间的径向间隙中；优选所述转子组件为永磁体转子组件，所述定子组件为永磁体定子组件。所述转子组件11包括在周向方向的至少一个扇形结构或扇环形结构，所述转子组件11能够在所述蓄冷床组件2的径向内侧空间转动，而形成交变磁场。这是本申请磁制冷装置中磁体组件的优选结构形式，如图3，通过将转子组件设置为扇形结构或扇环形结构，定子组件为圆环形结构，使得转子组件在定子组件内部旋转时、能够产生周向方向的交变磁场，在转子与定子周向相对的部分和与定子周向不相对的部分，从而实现对蓄冷床的不同磁隙空间中的磁工质产生励磁或去磁的作用，实现多个磁制冷制热过程的同时进行，实现效率最大化。
如图3所示，所述永磁体部件包括转子组件11(优选永磁体转子)、定子组件12(优选永磁体定子)；蓄冷床组件2与永磁体定子固定。而永磁体转子随着主轴进行旋转，当永磁体转子与定子在相位上开始重合时，将开始形成磁场，对蓄冷床进行加磁，而当转子与定子的相位完全重合时，完成加磁过程；在完成加磁之后，转子与定子的相位开始发生偏移，此时又对蓄冷床进行去磁，在转子与定子的相位完全偏离时，完成去磁过程。通过以上过程的往复循环便实现了对磁工质的不断加磁去磁，使其不断放热和吸热。
优选地，
所述转子组件11包括在周向方向上且呈中心对称分布的两个扇环形结构。这是本申请的转子组件的进一步优选的结构形式，如图3，其为对称的两个扇环形结构，即每个扇环形占据圆周方向的1/4部分，两个扇环形则占据圆周方向的1/2部分，从而实现在其转动方向有两个磁隙空间中的磁工质被励磁、另外两个磁隙空间中的磁工质被去磁的作用。
优选地，
还包括活塞泵组件7；
所述活塞泵组件7与所述蓄冷床组件2之间能够连通，且所述活塞泵组件7与所述蓄冷床组件2之间的换热流体能够通过所述热端旋转阀6或所述冷端旋转阀5而实现在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。
这是本申请的磁制冷装置的驱动部分的结构形式，通过活塞泵组件以及蓄冷床与之配合，使蓄冷床与活塞缸之间通过热端旋转阀进行连接，不需要通过管路进行连接，实现结构紧凑化和小型化；且多腔体活塞缸能够实现多缸体的同时压缩或吸气的作用，例如本申请的优选实施例为四个活塞缸，通过一个装置实现了四个缸体的同时作用，效率大为提高；并且采用圆柱凸轮作为磁制冷机的流体驱动机构，有效地实现了四个或多个圆周方向的活塞的同时的往复上下运动，效率更高，且使得系统更加紧凑。
优选地，
所述活塞泵组件7包括环形的多腔体活塞缸筒71，所述多腔体活塞缸筒71包括径向内壁、径向外壁和位于所述径向内壁和所述径向外壁之间的压缩空间72，所述压缩空间72沿轴向方向贯穿所述多腔体活塞缸筒71；
所述活塞泵组件7还包括能够在所述压缩空间72中做轴向往复运动的活塞73，每个压缩空间72均对应地设置一个所述活塞73；
所述活塞泵组件7还包括圆柱状的凸轮74，所述凸轮74的外周面上沿周向方向开设有容纳槽741；
所述活塞73的一端卡设在所述压缩空间72中、所述活塞的另一端卡设在所述容纳槽741中，使得所述凸轮74旋转时、所述活塞73的所述一端能够随着所述容纳槽741的周向形状变化被带动而在所述压缩空间72中做往复运动。
这是本申请的活塞泵组件的进一步优选的结构形式，即多腔体活塞缸筒、设置于其中的压缩空间、以及能够在其中运动的活塞，活塞的往复运动通过圆 柱状的凸轮的旋转运动来实现，在凸轮旋转一周的过程中能够实现两个相对的活塞同步向上运动、两个相对的活塞同步向下运动。
优选地，
所述容纳槽741距离所述圆柱状的凸轮74的轴向下端面之间的中心间距沿圆周方向呈逐渐增大、逐渐减小、再逐渐增大和再逐渐减小的分布，使得所述活塞73被所述容纳槽741的旋转带动而做上升、下降、再上升和再下降的往复运动。
如图10所示，所述多腔体活塞凸轮机构，作为驱动机构，其作用是驱动磁制冷系统流体循环流动。该机构由圆柱凸轮与多腔体活塞缸组成，圆柱凸轮直接通过键连接与主轴相连接，当电机带动主轴转动时，圆柱凸轮将进行旋转运动。
所述圆柱凸轮表面设有与流路循环周期相对应的轨迹轮廓(即容纳槽741)，多腔体活塞缸的活塞杆底部设有一个与凸轮槽轨迹相接触的滚轮，当凸轮旋转时，与其接触的轮子将在凸轮槽的推力(或拉力)和摩擦力的作用下上下往复运动，其运动规律由凸轮槽轨迹方程决定。
所述多腔体活塞缸筒71，其外形为圆筒状，在其厚壁中均匀分布了四个瓦状的腔体，活塞73的形状则与瓦状腔体相配合，可在活塞腔内上下滑动。通过凸轮表面槽轨迹的设计，可以使得四个周向布置的活塞成周期性上下运动，在向上运动时即可将腔内的流体压缩到管路之中，而向下运动时则使管路中的流体向下流动到活塞缸的腔内，如此便实现了流路中流体的往复流动。
此种多腔体活塞凸轮机构的特点是结构十分紧凑，尤其是与以往采用的盘形凸轮和径向布置多个活塞缸的方案相比优势更为突出。
优选地，
还包括旋转驱动轴8，所述旋转驱动轴8穿设进入所述活塞泵组件7、所述热端旋转阀6、所述蓄冷床组件2、所述冷端旋转阀5中，所述旋转驱动轴8同时与所述凸轮74、所述热端旋转阀6和所述冷端旋转阀5连接，以同时驱动所述凸轮74、所述热端旋转阀6和所述冷端旋转阀5转动。本申请通过在整个磁制冷装置内部沿轴向方向穿设一根旋转驱动轴、能够将其与凸轮、热端旋转阀和冷端旋转阀连接，通过一根旋转驱动轴同时实现凸轮、热端旋转阀和冷端旋转阀的同步转动，从而驱动换热流体从活塞泵中泵出或吸回、驱动热端旋转 阀打开活塞泵与蓄冷床之间的通路或关闭通路以及打开蓄冷床与热端换热器之间的通路、驱动冷端旋转阀打开蓄冷床与冷端换热器之间的通路或关闭通路，使得驱动效率最大化，减小了结构布置，结构更为紧凑。
本申请磁制冷转子的整机结构原理分析：
根据图12中系统流路原理提出一种整机结构的实施方式，包括一种特殊的阀结构。
图3是本实施方式中整机从图1的D-D平面进行的剖面图，而图4则是从图3中的A-A平面进行的剖视图，流体流向如图4中箭头表示。
本实施方式中所述整机包括永磁体部件与蓄冷床部件、多腔体活塞凸轮机构、冷端旋转阀、热端旋转阀以及冷热端换热器。
如图4所示，旋转驱动轴8的下端与电动机相连，通过电动机带动主轴转动为整机提供原动力。在整机运行过程中，随着主轴进行旋转运动的零部件有：冷端旋转阀5的阀芯、永磁体转子组件、热端旋转阀6的阀芯、圆柱状的凸轮74，而多腔体活塞缸筒71中的活塞73随着凸轮上下运动。除上述零部件外均为固定零部件。
在上图的该时刻，为永磁体转子与定子刚开始形成磁场的时刻，即刚开始对蓄冷床组件2进行加磁，此时由于蓄冷床内的磁工质磁熵减小而放出热量。而此时冷端旋转阀5的阀芯上的弧形孔打开了冷端换热器流向蓄冷床的流道(图中流向箭头通过处)，热端旋转阀6也打开了热端换热器4到活塞泵组件7的流道，如此便形成了上图中流向箭头所标出的流道。当凸轮随着主轴转动时，会通过其上的槽轨迹将图中左右两个活塞向下拉伸，从而将蓄冷床内的热流体带到热端换热器中进行散热，此过程将一直持续1/4个旋转周期。
如图5所示，当加磁完成后，永磁体转子与永磁体定子开始发生相位偏移，此时永磁体转子与定子间形成的磁场开始逐渐减弱并消失，即对转子定子间的蓄冷床进行去磁作用，使其中的磁工质磁熵增加而吸收热量。而此时冷端旋转阀5的阀芯上的弧形孔打开了蓄冷床流向冷端换热器的流道(图中流向箭头通过处)，热端旋转阀6关闭了热端换热器4到活塞泵组件7的流道，如此便形成了上图中流向箭头所标出的流道。当凸轮随着主轴转动时，会通过其上的槽轨迹将图中左右两个活塞向上推程压缩其内的流体，从而将蓄冷床内的冷流体 压缩到冷端换热器中进行换热，此过程将一直持续1/4个旋转周期。
图6是通过旋转剖展开的整机图，该剖视图中的两个活塞缸以及两个蓄冷床处于相邻位置，而图4、图5所展示的是互成180°的两个活塞和两个蓄冷床。成180°展示的是状态相同的蓄冷床与活塞缸在工作时的状况，而相邻的两个活塞缸和蓄冷床则刚好形成一个完整的回路，即对应图6中的系统流路图。当永磁体转子与定子对图6右侧床开始去磁，使右侧蓄冷床内磁工质磁熵增加而吸收热量，同时右测活塞向上推程，通过压力将右侧蓄冷床中的冷流体推到冷端换热器进行换热；同步的，左侧的蓄冷床被加磁而放出热量，在左侧活塞的作用下，左侧蓄冷床内的热流体流到热端换热器中进行散热。当左侧活塞运动到底部时，右侧活塞运动到顶部，下一个流体便从左侧流向右侧，以上两个过程便完成了一次流路循环。
通过上述的两个过程的循环工作，实现了磁制冷机的制冷循环。需要注意的是，在此循环过程中流过热端换热器的流体是单向流动的，所以不存在以往流体往复流动时存在的滞留体积；同样的冷端换热器也实现了单一方向流动，在上图中已经将多个冷端散热器做成一个大的冷端散热器，在一个冷端散热器中设计有多条相互独立的流道，因此不会存在冷热流体混合现象。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。以上所述仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种磁制冷装置，其特征在于：包括：
    磁体组件(1)，能够产生交变磁场；
    蓄冷床组件(2)，能够容纳磁工质，以通过交变磁场使得磁工质产生励磁放热或去磁吸热的作用；
    冷端换热器(3)、能够使得经过所述蓄冷床组件中被磁工质吸热降温的换热流体在所述冷端换热器(3)中释放冷量；
    热端换热器(4)、能够使得经过所述蓄冷床组件中被磁工质放热升温的换热流体在所述热端换热器(4)中释放热量；
    还包括冷端旋转阀(5)，所述冷端旋转阀(5)设置在所述蓄冷床组件(2)和所述冷端换热器(3)之间，且所述冷端旋转阀能够旋转而使得所述蓄冷床组件与所述冷端换热器(3)之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换；
    和/或，还包括热端旋转阀(6)，所述热端旋转阀(6)设置在所述蓄冷床组件(2)和所述热端换热器(4)之间，且所述热端旋转阀(6)能够旋转而使得所述蓄冷床组件(2)与所述热端换热器(4)之间的换热流体在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述蓄冷床组件(2)包括环形结构的蓄冷床本体(21)和开设在所述蓄冷床本体(21)上的磁隙空间(22)、所述磁隙空间(22)中能够容置磁工质，所述磁隙空间(22)在所述蓄冷床本体(21)的轴向端面上沿轴向开设、且所述蓄冷床本体(21)上开设有通孔(211)以容许换热流体进入所述磁隙空间中与所述磁工质进行换热、并阻止磁工质脱出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    在横向截面内，所述磁隙空间(22)为弧形槽结构；和/或，所述磁隙空间(22)为在所述蓄冷床本体(21)的圆周方向均匀分布的多个、且多个所述磁隙空间(22)的形状和大小均相等。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述冷端旋转阀(5)包括冷端旋转阀盖(51)和冷端旋转阀芯(52)，所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)能够相对于所述冷端旋转阀盖(51)旋转，所述冷端 旋转阀芯(52)上设置有能与所述蓄冷床组件(2)上的磁隙空间(22)连通的第一通槽(521)，所述冷端旋转阀盖(51)上设置有第一通孔(511)，当所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)旋转至使得所述磁隙空间(22)与所述第一通槽(521)和所述第一通孔(511)同时相对时、所述换热流体能够依次从所述磁隙空间(22)、所述第一通槽(521)和所述第一通孔(511)流出。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一通槽(521)为与所述磁隙空间(22)形状相匹配的弧形槽，和/或，所述第一通槽(521)为多个、且在所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)上沿周向分布；和/或，所述第一通孔(511)为在所述冷端旋转阀盖(51)上开设的多个、且在所述冷端旋转阀盖(51)上沿周向分布。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述冷端旋转阀盖(51)为圆环形结构、所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)也为圆环形结构，所述第一通孔(511)为在所述冷端旋转阀盖(51)上轴向贯通的通孔、所述第一通槽(521)为在所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)上轴向贯通的通槽。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    多个所述第一通槽(521)中、存在至少一个第一通槽(521)与至少一个第一通槽(521)距离所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)的圆心的间距不相等；多个所述第一通孔(511)中、存在至少一个第一通孔(511)与至少一个第一通孔(511)距离所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)的圆心的间距不相等；且位于径向内侧的第一通槽(521)与位于径向内侧的第一通孔(511)能够通过所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)的旋转而形成轴向相对，位于径向外侧的第一通槽(521)与位于径向外侧的第一通孔(511)能够通过所述冷端旋转阀芯(52)的旋转而形成轴向相对。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述冷端换热器(3)包括位于其内部的第一换热管路(31)和第二换热管路(32)，其中所述第一换热管路(31)与所述蓄冷床组件(2)的至少一个磁隙空间(22)连通，所述第二换热管路(32)与至少一个磁隙空间(22)连通，且所述第一换热管路(31)和第二换热管路(32)互不连通，换热流体在所述第一换热管路(31)中始终沿第一方向流动、换热流体在所述第二换热管路(32)中始终沿第二方向流动、且所述第一方向与所述第二方向不相同。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    当多个第一通槽(521)中、存在至少一个第一通槽(521)与至少一个第一通槽(521)距离冷端旋转阀芯(52)的圆心的间距不相等；多个第一通孔(511)中、存在至少一个第一通孔(511)与至少一个第一通孔(511)距离冷端旋转阀芯(52)的圆心的间距不相等时：
    所述第一换热管路(31)的入口端与位于径向外侧的第一通孔(511)连通，所述第一换热管路(31)的出口端与位于径向内侧的第一通孔(511)连通；和/或，所述第二换热管路(32)的入口端与位于径向外侧的第一通孔(511)连通，所述第二换热管路(32)的出口端与位于径向内侧的第一通孔(511)连通。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述热端旋转阀(6)包括热端旋转阀盖(61)和热端旋转阀芯(62)，所述热端旋转阀芯(62)能够相对于所述热端旋转阀盖(61)旋转，所述热端旋转阀芯(62)上设置有能与所述蓄冷床组件(2)上的磁隙空间(22)沿轴向连通的第二通槽(621)，所述热端旋转阀盖(61)上沿轴向设置有第二通孔(611)，当所述热端旋转阀芯(62)旋转至使得所述磁隙空间(22)与所述第二通孔(611)和所述第二通槽(621)同时相对时、换热流体能够依次从所述第二通槽(621)、所述第二通孔(611)流入所述磁隙空间(22)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    在所述热端旋转阀芯(62)上、与所述第二通槽(621)在周向不同的位置还沿径向方向开设有第三通槽(622)，所述热端旋转阀盖(61)上还沿径向开设有第三通孔(612)，当所述热端旋转阀芯(62)旋转至所述第三通孔(612)和所述第三通槽(622)相对时、能够使得流体依次通过所述第三通孔(612)、所述第三通槽(622)进入所述热端旋转阀芯(62)的下方。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述热端旋转阀盖(61)包括圆环形的端板(613)和连接在所述端板径向外缘且朝轴向延伸的环形外沿(614)，所述第三通孔(612)和所述第二通孔(611)位于所述热端旋转阀盖(61)的同一周向上、且所述第二通孔(611)设置于所述端板(613)上且沿轴向贯通、所述第三通孔(612)设置于所述环形外沿(614)上且沿径向方向贯通。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述蓄冷床组件(2)上沿径向方向还开设有贯通的第四通孔(23)，所述第四通孔(23)一端与所述磁隙空间(22)连通、另一端能够连通到所述热端换热器(4)的一端，所述热端换热器(4)的另一端能够连通到所述热端旋转阀芯(62)的所述第三通槽(622)；和/或，所述第二通槽(621)也为与所述磁隙空间(22)形状相匹配的弧形槽。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述热端换热器(4)包括两个，其中一个能够与所述热端旋转阀(6)的一端连通、另一个能够与所述热端旋转阀(6)的另一端连通。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述磁体组件(1)包括转子组件(11)和定子组件(12)，所述定子组件(12)为环形结构，所述蓄冷床组件(2)也为环形结构、设置于所述转子组件(11)和所述定子组件(12)之间的径向间隙中；所述转子组件(11)包括至少一个扇形结构或扇环形结构，所述转子组件(11)能够在所述蓄冷床组件(2)的径向内侧空间转动，而形成交变磁场。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述转子组件(11)包括在周向方向上且呈中心对称分布的两个扇环形结构。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    还包括活塞泵组件(7)；
    所述活塞泵组件(7)与所述蓄冷床组件(2)之间能够连通，且所述活塞泵组件(7)与所述蓄冷床组件(2)之间的换热流体能够通过所述热端旋转阀(6)或所述冷端旋转阀(5)而实现在连通和关闭连通之间进行切换。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述活塞泵组件(7)包括环形的多腔体活塞缸筒(71)，所述多腔体活塞缸筒(71)包括径向内壁、径向外壁和位于所述径向内壁和所述径向外壁之间的压缩空间(72)，所述压缩空间(72)沿轴向方向贯穿所述多腔体活塞缸筒(71)；
    所述活塞泵组件(7)还包括能够在所述压缩空间(72)中做轴向往复运动的活塞(73)，每个压缩空间(72)均对应地设置一个所述活塞(73)；
    所述活塞泵组件(7)还包括圆柱状的凸轮(74)，所述凸轮(74)的外 周面上沿周向方向开设有容纳槽(741)；
    所述活塞(73)的一端卡设在所述压缩空间(72)中、所述活塞的另一端卡设在所述容纳槽(741)中，使得所述凸轮(74)旋转时、所述活塞(73)的所述一端能够随着所述容纳槽(741)的周向形状变化被带动而在所述压缩空间(72)中做往复运动。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    所述容纳槽(741)距离所述圆柱状的凸轮(74)的轴向下端面之间的中心间距沿圆周方向呈逐渐增大、逐渐减小、再逐渐增大和再逐渐减小的分布，使得所述活塞(73)被所述容纳槽(741)的旋转带动而做上升、下降、再上升和再下降的往复运动。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的磁制冷装置，其特征在于：
    还包括旋转驱动轴(8)，所述旋转驱动轴(8)穿设进入所述活塞泵组件(7)、所述热端旋转阀(6)、所述蓄冷床组件(2)、所述冷端旋转阀(5)中，所述旋转驱动轴(8)同时与所述凸轮(74)、所述热端旋转阀(6)和所述冷端旋转阀(5)连接，以同时驱动所述凸轮(74)、所述热端旋转阀(6)和所述冷端旋转阀(5)转动。
PCT/CN2019/106127 2018-12-24 2019-09-17 一种磁制冷装置 Ceased WO2020134200A1 (zh)

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