WO2020134080A1 - 一种针对模具钢的切割头、及其切割加工方法 - Google Patents
一种针对模具钢的切割头、及其切割加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020134080A1 WO2020134080A1 PCT/CN2019/098733 CN2019098733W WO2020134080A1 WO 2020134080 A1 WO2020134080 A1 WO 2020134080A1 CN 2019098733 W CN2019098733 W CN 2019098733W WO 2020134080 A1 WO2020134080 A1 WO 2020134080A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/36—Supply or regeneration of working media
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of mold steel processing equipment, in particular to a cutting head for mold steel and a cutting processing method thereof.
- Die steel is often used to make cold die, hot die or die-casting die, which has greater hardness and is therefore not easy to process. In the cutting process, it is easy to cause the cutting knife to break the knife, the cutting surface is rough, and it is difficult to meet the processing accuracy requirements.
- the cutting knife acting on it is likely to break the knife, or slip, offset during the cutting process, and the cutting knife or the die steel workpiece to be cut is likely to have a positional deviation during the cutting process .
- the prior art often uses heat treatment to reduce the difficulty of processing die steel.
- the die steel itself has thermal fatigue characteristics.
- the heat treatment during the processing especially the quenching temperature of the heat treatment, will affect the austenite grain size of the cutting surface of the die steel, the solid solubility of the alloy elements, and the uniformity of the workpiece surface structure, which will affect the die The overall thermal fatigue performance of the finished steel workpiece.
- the cutting surface In the service process of die steel, the cutting surface needs to be subjected to cooling and lubricating treatment during each demolding process. This frequent sudden heat quenching during service will further deteriorate the thermal fatigue performance of the die steel workpiece.
- the surface of the existing die steel workpiece after being cut due to the rapid heating and cooling during the processing process forms a heat-affected layer, and its crystal structure is dissimilated, forming a thermally metamorphic layer inward, which affects the stress strength of the workpiece and makes the cut workpiece easy to deform and crack .
- the object of the present invention is to provide a cutting head for die steel and a cutting processing method thereof.
- a cutting head for mold steel which includes a support column, a wire walking mechanism and an electrode wire, the electrode wire bypasses the lower end of the support column, and the wire walking mechanism drives the electrode
- the wire moves relative to the mold steel workpiece to be processed, and in the cutting state, the electrode wire and the mold steel workpiece to be processed are discharged to erode the part where the surface of the mold steel workpiece to be processed is in contact with the electrode wire.
- the support column has a hollow structure, a media nozzle is connected to the lower end, the media nozzle is disposed between the support column and the electrode wire, and a gas-liquid three-way valve is connected to the upper end of the support column Introducing a gas medium or a liquid medium into the hollow structure, the gas medium or liquid medium flows along the hollow structure inside the support column to the medium spray head; the outer surface of the medium spray head is provided with a housing for the electrode wire A groove, the depth of the groove does not exceed the diameter of the electrode wire, and the inner wall or the outer side of the groove is further provided with a through hole or a hole, the through hole or the hole is at least partially hollow with the inside of the support column
- the gas or liquid medium contained in the structure is in contact; in the cutting state, the through holes or pores move the gas or liquid medium in the hollow structure during the movement of the electrode wire relative to the mold steel workpiece to be processed Lead to the part where the surface of the electrode wire is in contact with the mold steel workpiece to be processed; or the through holes or pores
- the above-mentioned cutting head for mold steel wherein the medium nozzle is a sphere, a flat sphere, or a disc-shaped structure, and a connecting member is provided in a diameter direction thereof, and the connecting member is connected to the lower end of the support column ,
- the sphere, flat sphere or roulette-shaped structure rotates around the radial direction of the connecting member;
- the groove accommodating the electrode wire is provided on the surface of the medium spray head perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the connecting member, the concave
- the direction of the groove is the same as the rotation direction of the media nozzle; the through holes or pores are arranged along the rotation direction of the sphere, flat sphere, or disk-like shape.
- the gas medium includes nitrogen, oxygen, or a mixture thereof.
- the gas medium is compressed air.
- the metal powder is a nano-powder with a diameter not exceeding 50 nm
- the liquid medium is a suspension mixed with the nano-powder
- the preset value of the temperature of the electrode wire is 300°C.
- a method for cutting and processing die steel is also proposed.
- the steps include: the first step, heat treatment of the die steel workpiece to be processed to a critical temperature or above; the second step, the heat treatment of the die The steel workpiece is slowly annealed to 250 °C, the annealing rate does not exceed 30 °C per hour; the third step, wire electrical discharge cutting of the mold steel workpiece, driving the electrode wire to move relative to the mold steel workpiece to be processed, in the cutting state , The electrode wire and the die steel workpiece to be processed are discharged to erode the part where the surface of the die steel workpiece to be processed is in contact with the electrode wire; during the first to second cuts, the electrode is synchronized to the electrode A gas medium is provided at the part where the surface of the wire is in contact with the mold steel workpiece to be processed; the gas medium includes nitrogen, oxygen, compressed air, or a mixture thereof; the third cut to the last cut in turn is synchronized to the A liquid medium is provided at a part
- the above cutting method for mold steel further includes detecting the temperature of the electrode wire, and increasing the gas medium or liquid provided to the surface of the electrode wire when the temperature of the electrode wire exceeds a preset value
- the flow rate or pressure of the medium, the critical temperature is between 250 and 350°C.
- a medium spray head with through holes or pores is provided between the support column of the cutting head and the electrode wire, and the medium spray head is used to provide a portion where the electrode wire contacts the mold steel workpiece to be processed in a cutting state Gaseous medium or liquid medium. Therefore, during the process of wire electric discharge cutting, the cutting head of the present invention can use the medium to reduce the austenite formed during the cutting process and reduce the thickness of the modified layer on the cutting surface. Furthermore, the present invention can ensure the mechanical strength and thermal strain performance of the finished cutting surface after cutting through the above process, improve the service life of the cutting surface, and effectively prevent the workpiece from being deformed and cracked.
- the present invention further adds metal powder to the liquid medium, through the role of iron, rhenium, titanium, tungsten, manganese, chromium, magnesium and other nano powders and the charge of the electrode wire, in the A new dense protective layer is formed on the cut surface.
- the protective layer is polarized by the above-mentioned metal powder through electromagnetic excitation and fused into the surface of the austenite or metamorphic layer formed by the cutting action. Due to the fusion effect of the nano-sized metal particles, the remelting of the austenite or metamorphic layer is formed The physical properties of the layer change, greatly improving the hardness and brittleness of the cutting surface, making it difficult to deform and crack.
- a through hole or a hole for providing a liquid medium or a gas medium is provided in the groove accommodating the electrode wire, and the electrode wire is aligned with the gas medium or the liquid medium through the through hole Pressure is applied to the workpiece.
- the pressure forces the contact strength between the electrode wire and the workpiece or maintains the distance between the two within a relatively stable range, while reducing the effect of electrostatic force and blasting force during the cutting process. Tremor.
- the cut surface of the present invention is smoother and smoother, which can save processing costs for subsequent processes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cutting and processing device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cutting head in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first medium nozzle in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second medium nozzle in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cutting processing device for die steel according to the present invention, which includes:
- a cutting platform 1 on which a die steel workpiece to be processed is provided, and the cutting platform is used to fix the die steel workpiece to be processed or for the workpiece to move relative to the cutting device 2 on its surface;
- the cutting device 2 includes a wire walking mechanism and an electrode wire.
- the wire walking mechanism includes a plurality of axles that drive the electrode wire to reciprocate or move in one direction, thereby making the electrode wire at the cutting head part relatively to the to-be-processed Mold steel workpiece movement.
- the electrode ribbon is charged, and the electrode wire is discharged between the mold steel workpiece to be processed, generating electrostatic force and explosive force to remove the surface of the mold steel workpiece to be processed that is in contact with the electrode wire Location
- the protection device 4 is coated on the outside of the cutting device 2 to avoid sparks or metal debris generated during the cutting process.
- a gas supply or liquid supply pipe can also be connected inside the protection device, and the liquid supply pipe sprays liquid on the surface of the workpiece at the cutting position to keep the temperature stable during the cutting process.
- the gas supply pipeline outputs a specific gas to the surface of the workpiece at the cutting site to ensure the cutting effect.
- the cutting device 2 of the present invention may further set the support column 21 of the fixed cutting head as a hollow structure, and a media spray head 24 is connected to the lower end thereof, and the media spray head 24 is disposed on the support column and the Between the electrode wires, a gas-liquid three-way valve 25 is connected to the upper end of the support column 21 for introducing a gas medium or a liquid medium into the hollow structure.
- the gas medium or liquid medium runs along the inside of the support column 21
- the hollow structure flows toward the medium nozzle 24.
- the outer surface of the medium nozzle 24 is provided with a groove for accommodating the electrode wire 23, the depth of the groove does not exceed the diameter of the electrode wire 23, and the inner wall or the outer side of the groove is further provided with a through hole 26 Or a hole, the through hole 26 or the hole is at least partially in contact with the gas medium or liquid medium contained in the hollow structure inside the support column 21; in the cut state, the through hole 26 or the hole is in the phase of the electrode wire 23 During the movement of the mold steel workpiece to be processed, the gas medium or the liquid medium in the hollow structure is led out to the part where the surface of the electrode wire 23 contacts the mold steel workpiece to be processed; or The holes 26 or pores lead out the gas medium or liquid medium in the hollow structure and coat the surface of the electrode wire 23.
- the above-mentioned medium nozzle 24 is a sphere, a flat sphere, or a disc-shaped structure, and a connecting member 27 is provided in the diameter direction thereof, and the connecting member and the lower end of the support column 21 Connection, the sphere, flat sphere or roulette-shaped structure rotates around the radial direction of the connecting member 27; the groove accommodating the electrode wire 23 is provided on the surface of the medium spray head 24 perpendicular to the circumference of the connecting member 27 Upwards, the direction of the groove is the same as the direction of rotation of the medium nozzle 24; the through holes 26 or holes are arranged along the rotation direction of the sphere, oblate sphere, or roulette.
- the present invention can perform electric spark cutting under special medium after pretreatment of the mold steel workpiece to be processed.
- the electrode wire 23 is driven to move relative to the mold steel workpiece to be processed. In the cutting state, the electrode wire and the mold steel workpiece to be processed are discharged to erode the surface of the mold steel workpiece to be processed and the electrode wire Contact area
- a gas medium is synchronously supplied to the part where the surface of the electrode wire 23 contacts the mold steel workpiece to be processed;
- the gas medium includes nitrogen, oxygen, compressed air, or the like mixture;
- the liquid medium is synchronously supplied to the part of the surface of the electrode wire 23 that contacts the mold steel workpiece to be processed; the liquid medium is deionized water or an oily medium.
- Metal powder with a diameter of less than 50 nanometers is also mixed in the liquid medium, and the metal powder includes any one of iron, rhenium, titanium, tungsten, manganese, chromium, and magnesium, or a mixture thereof.
- the present invention can oxidize the dissolved sulfide and carbon impurities by the introduced oxygen when the electrostatic force and the blasting force are applied to the die steel on the surface of the workpiece under the action of the electric spark of cutting to oxidize it and protect it by nitrogen or inert gas. Metal is not affected.
- the above-mentioned dielectric nozzle directly introduces a liquid medium containing nano metal at the cutting point, the nano powder interacts with the electrode wire, and it is embedded between the crystals during the restoration of the rigidity of the molten metal on the cutting surface. , Forming a new dense protective layer on the cutting surface.
- the protective layer is polarized by the above-mentioned metal powder through electromagnetic excitation and fused into the surface of the austenite or metamorphic layer formed by the cutting action. Due to the fusion effect of the nano-sized metal particles, the remelting of the austenite or metamorphic layer is formed The physical properties of the layer change, greatly improving the hardness and brittleness of the cutting surface, making it difficult to deform and crack.
- the present invention also provides a temperature sensor at a portion where the surface of the guide wheel of the wire walking mechanism 22 contacts the electrode wire 23.
- the electrode wire 23 is bypassed by the guide wheel, and the temperature sensor on the guide wheel can detect the temperature of the electrode wire 23, and determine the melting point temperature status by the temperature of the electrode wire.
- the opening of the gas-liquid three-way valve 25 is expanded, and the flow rate of the gas medium or liquid medium drawn from the through hole 26 or the pore is increased to take away excess heat .
- the temperature of the electrode wire at the cutting point after the auxiliary cooling of the liquid or gas medium reaches the position of the guide wheel is generally between 240 and 300 °C, and the corresponding melting point temperature is more suitable for the stable formation and maintenance of the remelted layer structure.
- the above process also depends on the pretreatment of the workpiece.
- the steps include: the first step, heat treating the die steel workpiece to be processed to a critical temperature or above; the second step, slowly annealing the heat-treated die steel workpiece to 250°C at an annealing rate not exceeding 30°C per hour. Slow annealing can keep the overall performance of the workpiece stable and further prevent cracking and deformation during cutting. The reason is that before cutting, the rate of cooling and heating of the workpiece surface to the center is inconsistent, and the temperature difference will produce non-uniform expansion in its mechanism, resulting in an uneven internal stress.
- the temperature difference between the cutting point and the metal increases, and the above-mentioned unbalanced stress further acts to increase the tensile stress near the cutting point, resulting in fracture of the cutting surface.
- the slow annealing can keep the temperature of the internal and external surfaces of the metal tend to be consistent, which can effectively reduce the above stress and improve the cutting effect.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 一种针对模具钢的切割头,包括支撑柱(21)、走丝机构(22)和电极丝(23),所述电极丝(23)绕过所述支撑柱(21)的下端,所述走丝机构(22)驱动所述电极丝(23)相对待加工的模具钢工件(3)运动,切割状态下,所述电极丝与待加工的模具钢工件之间放电,蚀除所述待加工的模具钢工件表面与所述电极丝接触的部位,其特征在于,所述支撑柱(21)为中空结构,其下端连接有介质喷头(24),所述介质喷头(24)设置在所述支撑柱和所述电极丝之间,所述支撑柱(21)的上端连接有气液三通阀(25)用于向所述中空结构内导入气体介质或液体介质,所述气体介质或液体介质沿所述支撑柱(21)内部的中空结构流向所述介质喷头(24);所述介质喷头(24)的外表面设置有容纳所述电极丝(23)的凹槽,所述凹槽的深度不超过所述电极丝(23)的直径,所述凹槽的内壁或外侧还设置有通孔(26)或孔隙,所述通孔(26)或孔隙至少部分地与所述支撑柱(21)内部中空结构所容纳的气体介质或液体介质接触;切割状态下,所述通孔(26)或孔隙在所述电极丝(23)相对待加工的模具钢工件运动的过程中,将所述中空结构内的气体介质或液体介质引出至所述电极丝(23)的表面与所述待加工的模具钢工件相接触的部位;或者所述通孔(26)或孔隙将所述中空结构内的气体介质或液体介质引出并包覆于所述电极丝(23)的表面;所述气体介质包括惰性气体、除硫气体、除碳气体或其混合物;所述液体介质为去离子水或油性介质,所述液体介质内还混合有金属粉末,所述金属粉末包括铁、铼、钛、钨、锰、铬、镁中的任一中或其混合;所述走丝机构(22)包括导轮,所述电极丝(23)由所述导轮上绕过,所述导轮表面与所述电极丝(23)接触的部位还设有温度传感器,用于检测所述电极丝(23)的温度,在所述电极丝(23)的温度超过预设值时扩大所述气液三通阀(25)的开度,增加由所述通孔(26)或孔隙引出的气体介质或液体介质的流量。
- 如权利要求1所述的针对模具钢的切割头,其特征在于,所述介质喷头(24)为球体、扁球体或轮盘状结构,其直径方向设置有连接件(27),所述连接件 与所述支撑柱(21)的下端连接,所述球体、扁球体或轮盘状结构绕所述连接件(27)的径向转动;容纳所述电极丝(23)的凹槽设置于所述介质喷头(24)表面垂直于所述连接件(27)的周向上,所述凹槽的方向与所述介质喷头(24)转动的方向相同;所述通孔(26)或孔隙沿所述球体、扁球体或轮盘状的转动方向排布。
- 如权利要求1所述的针对模具钢的切割头,其特征在于,所述气体介质包括氮气、氧气或其混合物。
- 如权利要求1所述的针对模具钢的切割头,其特征在于,所述气体介质为压缩空气。
- 如权利要求1至4所述的针对模具钢的切割头,其特征在于,所述金属粉末为纳米粉末,其直径不超过50nm,所述液体介质为混合所述纳米粉末的悬浊液。
- 如权利要求1至5所述的针对模具钢的切割头,其特征在于,所述电极丝(23)的温度的预设值为300℃。
- 一种针对模具钢的切割加工方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:第一步,对待加工的模具钢工件热处理至临界温度或以上;第二步,对热处理后的所述模具钢工件缓慢退火至250℃,退火速率不超过30℃每小时;第三步,对所述模具钢工件进行电火花线切割,驱动电极丝(23)相对待加工的所述模具钢工件运动,切割状态下,所述电极丝与待加工的模具钢工件之间放电,蚀除所述待加工的模具钢工件表面与所述电极丝接触的部位;第1至2次切割时,同步的向所述电极丝(23)的表面与所述待加工的模具钢工件相接触的部位提供气体介质;所述的气体介质包括氮气、氧气、压缩空气或其混合物;第3次切割直至最后依次切割,同步的向所述电极丝(23)的表面与所述待加工的模具钢工件相接触的部位提供液体介质;所述液体介质为去离子水或油性介质,所述液体介质内还混合有纳米级金属粉末,所述金属粉末包括铁、铼、钛、钨、锰、铬、镁中的任一中或其混合。
- 如权利要求6所述的针对模具钢的切割加工方法,其特征在于,还包括:检测所述电极丝(23)的温度,在所述电极丝(23)的温度超过预设值时增加向所述电极丝(23)的表面提供的气体介质或液体介质的流量或压强,所述临界温度在250至350℃之间。
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CN109530836A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 太仓新思成模具钢有限公司 | 一种针对模具钢的切割头、及其切割加工方法 |
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