WO2020133974A1 - 一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置及其铆接方法 - Google Patents

一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置及其铆接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133974A1
WO2020133974A1 PCT/CN2019/092649 CN2019092649W WO2020133974A1 WO 2020133974 A1 WO2020133974 A1 WO 2020133974A1 CN 2019092649 W CN2019092649 W CN 2019092649W WO 2020133974 A1 WO2020133974 A1 WO 2020133974A1
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Prior art keywords
riveting
connecting shaft
double
workpiece
sides
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈以赴
严银飞
倪瑞洋
黄国强
郭晓晗
李军平
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/027—Setting rivets by friction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/30—Particular elements, e.g. supports; Suspension equipment specially adapted for portable riveters
    • B21J15/32—Devices for inserting or holding rivets in position with or without feeding arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metal connection, in particular to a double-sided rotary friction extrusion riveting device and a riveting method.
  • Riveting technology is an indispensable connection technology in the fields of automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other fields.
  • Traditional cold riveting technology is usually used on small-diameter rivets.
  • the plasticity of the rivet material is high; hot riveting is to heat the rivet to a certain temperature.
  • the later riveting method is suitable for rivets with large diameter and poor plasticity.
  • the energy consumption of the riveting process is large.
  • the rivet heated to a certain temperature needs to be inserted into the nail hole. It is relatively high and requires the heating device to be close to the operating site.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a double-sided rotating friction extrusion riveting device with a simple structure. Another object of the present invention is to provide a riveting method using the device.
  • a double-sided rotating friction extrusion riveting device includes a fixture, a first working head and a second working head, and an equipment body,
  • the jig is used to fix the first work piece and the second work piece together, and to make the circular through hole on the first work piece and the circular through hole on the second work piece co-axial, wherein the circular on the first work piece and the second work piece
  • the shaped through holes have equal diameters for the penetration of cylindrical rivets
  • the first working head and the second working head are respectively arranged on both sides of the first and second workpieces fixed and overlapped, and both include a clamping rod and a connecting shaft.
  • One end of the clamping rod is operatively connected to the device body.
  • the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft, so that the connecting shafts of the first and second working heads are arranged coaxially and oppositely, and the opposite end surface of the free end of the connecting shaft is provided with a groove;
  • the device body is used to drive and control the clamping rod to perform rotary movement and displacement, so that the connecting shaft is coaxial with the axis of the through hole of the workpiece, and the connecting shaft is frictionally pressed by the cylindrical rivet column from both sides.
  • a spherical nail head structure is formed on the outer sides of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to achieve riveting and fixing of the first workpiece and the second workpiece.
  • the groove is a spherical groove.
  • the spherical grooves have the same size.
  • the spherical radius of the spherical groove is 2.5 times the radius of the through hole, and the diameter of the interaction circle between the spherical groove and the connecting shaft is twice the diameter of the through hole.
  • the clamping rod and the connecting shaft are processed in one piece.
  • the device body drives the clamping rods of the first working head and the second working head, so that the corresponding connecting shafts perform reverse rotation movement and the rotation speeds are equal.
  • the present invention provides a double-sided rotary friction extrusion riveting method using the double-sided rotary friction extrusion riveting device, which includes the following steps:
  • the volume of the portions of the cylindrical rivet columns protruding from the surfaces of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is 1.1 times the volume of the groove of the connecting shaft on the corresponding side.
  • both ends of the cylindrical rivet projecting from the surfaces of the first workpiece and the second workpiece have the same volume.
  • the rotation speed of the connecting shaft in step (c) is 1000-2000 rpm, and the pressing speed is 1-5 mm/min.
  • the present invention adopts the above technical solutions and has the following technical effects:
  • the present invention has the following remarkable features: the device of the present invention has a simple structure, and the cylindrical riveting column used for riveting is easy to process; the present invention avoids the stepwise riveting operation of traditional hot riveting, that is, after heating the rivet first The process of inserting rivets simplifies the operation and improves the efficiency; the present invention adopts the double-side connecting shaft to synchronously rotate and squeeze the rivet column, which can obtain a complete riveted joint at one time; the present invention uses the double-sided connecting shaft to rotate in reverse constant speed Extruding the rivet column so that the rivet column does not rotate in the through hole, on the one hand, it ensures that the two ends of the rivet column are subjected to the same plastic deformation rate due to friction and extrusion, so that the two ends of the rivet column can simultaneously form a nail head structure of the same size; On the one hand, the friction between the rivet column and the inner wall of the through hole is avoided to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the through hole; the invention uses frictional heat to heat the
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • the double-sided rotary friction extrusion riveting technology is to use the driving device to drive the tools on both sides to rotate at high speed, and through the friction between the spherical groove on the end surface of the working head and the two ends of the riveting column, the riveting column is thermally plasticized, and at the same time under the action of the working head extrusion force
  • the plasticized rivet column material fills the groove, and finally a spherical nail head structure is formed on both sides, thereby realizing the riveting connection of the workpiece.
  • the riveting method uses cylindrical rivets, which is easy to manufacture; the friction heat and the squeezing force are applied simultaneously during the riveting process, which avoids the stepwise operation of heating the rivet first and then inserting the rivet in the traditional hot riveting process.
  • the operation is simple and easy to automate; the riveting process
  • the method does not require additional heating devices, saving costs and energy consumption.
  • 150mm ⁇ 150mm ⁇ 4mm metal workpieces 7 and 10 are lapped and fixed by a clamp 8, the clamping rod 2 of the working head and the connecting shaft 3 are integrally processed, and the connecting shaft is connected to the device body 1 through the clamping rod.
  • the length of the clamping rod 2 is 20 mm
  • the diameter is 14 mm
  • the length of the connecting shaft 3 is 20 mm
  • the diameter is 18 mm
  • the metal workpieces 7 and 10 are the same or different metal materials.
  • the bottom surface of the connecting shaft 3 is provided with a spherical groove 4, whose spherical radius is 7.5mm, the bottom radius of the groove 4 is 6mm, the length of the metal rivet column 5 is 22.8mm, the diameter is 5.9mm, the through hole 6 and The diameter of 9 is 6mm, and the through holes 6 and 9 are coaxial.
  • insert the metal rivet column 5 into the through holes 6 and 9 adjust the connecting shaft 3 on both sides to just above the rivet column 5, adjust the lower connecting shaft so that The bottom groove 4 bears against the rivet column 5 so that the lengths of the two ends of the rivet column above the surfaces of the workpieces 7 and 10 are equal.
  • the connecting shafts 3 on both sides rotate at high speed in opposite directions.
  • the lower connecting shaft does not move in the axial position.
  • the upper connecting shaft moves quickly to the bottom groove to contact the upper end surface of the rivet column 5.
  • the connecting shafts on both sides rotate at the same speed
  • the plasticized metal riveting column 5 gradually fills the groove, and when the bottom surface of the connecting shaft 3 on both sides comes into contact with the surfaces of the workpieces 7 and 10, the connecting shaft moves axially away, so that the metal riveting column 5
  • the two ends of the form a spherical nail head structure, which plays a riveting and fixing role on the workpieces 7 and 10.
  • the axial squeezing movement can be stopped by setting the coordinates of the tool setting before riveting.
  • the 2024 aluminum alloy riveting connection is carried out using the double-sided rotating friction extrusion riveting device as shown in Figure 1, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • the double-sided rotating friction extrusion riveting device as shown in Fig. 1 is used for riveting connection of T2 industrial pure copper and 6061 aluminum alloy, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • the double-sided rotating friction extrusion riveting device as shown in Fig. 1 is used for 304 stainless steel riveting connection, which includes the following steps:
  • Rigid connection of 316L stainless steel and TC4 titanium alloy using the double-sided rotating friction extrusion riveting device as shown in Figure 1 includes the following steps:
  • the connecting shafts 3 on both sides rotate at a high speed in the reverse direction at 2000 rpm.
  • the lower connecting shaft does not move in the axial position.
  • the upper connecting shaft quickly moves down to contact with the end face of the 316L stainless steel rivet column 5 and then connects on both sides.
  • the shaft 3 moves axially towards the riveting zone at a speed of 3 mm/min. Both ends of the stainless steel riveting column 5 rub against the upper and lower grooves 4, and the plasticized riveting column material gradually fills the groove 4 under the pressure of the groove.
  • the connecting shafts 3 on both sides move axially away from the connecting area at the same time.
  • the spherical nail head structure with the same shape of the groove 4 plays the role of riveting and fixing the lap 316L stainless steel workpiece 7 and the TC4 titanium alloy workpiece 10;
  • the double-sided rotary friction extrusion riveting device shown in Fig. 1 is used for the riveting connection of AZ91D magnesium alloy, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • the connecting shafts 3 on both sides move axially away from the connecting area at the same time.
  • the spherical nail head structure with the same shape of the groove 4 plays the role of riveting and fixing the overlapping AZ91D magnesium alloy workpieces 7 and 10;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置及其铆接方法，双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置包括设备本体、两侧装夹杆和连接轴，两侧连接轴的底面均加工有球面形凹槽，两侧连接轴通过装夹杆与设备本体相连，以实现其旋转及轴向运动。双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接包括以下步骤：a、搭接工件连接区域钻通孔；b、将铆柱插入通孔内，调节两侧连接轴至通孔位置的两端，其中一侧连接轴底面凹槽顶住铆柱；c、连接轴旋转并轴向挤压铆柱至连接轴底面与工件表面接触，塑化铆柱材料填充满球面形凹槽；d、连接轴轴向上提，待工件冷却即完成铆接连接。本发明的装置结构简单、易于制造，本发明的铆接方法适用性强，能够一次性获得成型美观、力学性能优异的接头。

Description

一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置及其铆接方法 技术领域
本发明属于金属连接技术领域，具体为一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置及其铆接方法。
背景技术
铆接技术是汽车制造、航空航天等领域不可或缺的连接技术，传统的冷铆技术通常用在小直径的铆钉上，同时对铆钉材料的塑性要求较高；热铆是将铆钉加热到一定温度后进行的铆接方法，适用直径较大和材质塑性较差的铆钉，但是由于需要额外加热，铆接过程能耗较大，传统热铆接过程中需将加热到一定温度的铆钉插入钉孔，操作危险系数较高，并且要求加热装置靠近操作场地。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：
为了克服现有热铆技术中存在的不足，本发明目的是提供一种结构简单的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，本发明的另一目的是提供一种利用该装置的铆接方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：
一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其包括夹具、第一工作头和第二工作头，及设备本体，
夹具用于使第一工件和第二工件搭接固定，且使第一工件上的圆形通孔和第二工件上的圆形通孔共轴线，其中第一工件和第二工件上的圆形通孔具有相等孔径，供圆柱形铆柱穿设；
第一工作头和第二工作头分别设置在搭接固定的第一和第二工件两侧，均包括装夹杆和连接轴，装夹杆一端与设备本体可操作地相连，装夹杆的另一端与连接轴的一端固定连接，使第一和第二工作头的连接轴同轴相向排列，且连接轴自由端的相向端面设置有凹槽；
所述设备本体用于驱动和控制装夹杆进行旋转运动和位移，从而使连接轴与工件通孔的轴线同轴，且使连接轴由两侧对圆柱形铆柱进行摩擦挤压，最终在第一工件和第二工件的外侧形成球面钉头结构，实现第一工件和第二工件的铆接固定。
优选地，所述凹槽为球面凹槽。
优选地，所述球面凹槽的尺寸相同。
优选地，所述球面凹槽的球面半径是通孔半径的2.5倍，球面凹槽与连接轴交互圆直径 是通孔直径的2倍。
优选地，所述装夹杆和连接轴为一体式加工。
优选地，所述设备本体驱动第一工作头和第二工作头的装夹杆，从而使相应连接轴进行反向旋转运动，且转速相等。
在另一实施例中，本发明提供一种利用所述双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接方法，其包括以下步骤：
(a)对第一工件上的圆形通孔和第二工件上的圆形通孔的内表面以及圆柱形铆柱的表面进行去污处理；
(b)装夹第一工件和第二工件，使得第一工件通孔和第二工件通孔共轴线，将圆柱形铆柱插入第一工件通孔和第二工件通孔内，调节第一工作头和第二工作头的连接轴与第一工件和第二工件的相对位置，使连接轴与第一工件通孔和第二工件通孔的轴线同轴，调节第一工作头和第二工作头中的一者的连接轴使其凹槽顶住圆柱形铆柱一端，使得圆柱形铆柱两端突出第一工件和第二工件表面的部分的体积与相应侧连接轴的凹槽体积相对应；
(c)使两侧连接轴以相反方向、相同转速旋转，所述凹槽顶住圆柱形铆柱一端的连接轴轴向位置保持不变，另一侧连接轴轴向移动至与圆柱形铆柱另一端接触，然后两侧连接轴以相同的轴向速度相向移动，摩擦挤压圆柱形铆柱的两端，当两侧连接轴的端面分别与第一工件和第二工件的表面接触时，两侧连接轴同时轴向移动远离工件，此时在圆柱形铆柱两端形成与凹槽形状相同的球面钉头结构，对第一工件和第二工件起到铆接固定作用；
(d)待第一工件和第二工件冷却后，即完成铆接连接。
优选地，在所述步骤(b)中圆柱形铆柱两端突出第一工件和第二工件表面的部分的体积为相应侧连接轴的凹槽体积的1.1倍。
优选地，在所述步骤(b)中圆柱形铆柱两端突出第一工件和第二工件表面的部分的体积相等。
优选地，所述步骤(c)中的连接轴旋转速度为1000-2000rpm，下压速度为1-5mm/min。
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：
本发明和现有技术相比，具有如下显著性特点：本发明的装置结构简单，铆接采用的圆柱形铆柱易于加工；本发明避免了传统热铆的分步铆接操作，即先加热铆钉后插铆钉的过程，简化了操作，提高了效率；本发明采用双侧连接轴同步反向旋转挤压铆柱，可一次性获得完好的铆接接头；本发明采用双侧连接轴反向等速旋转挤压铆柱，使得铆柱在通孔内不转动，一方面确保了铆柱两端受摩擦挤压作用塑化变形速率相同，使得铆柱两端能够同时形成大小 相同的钉头结构；另一方面避免了铆柱与通孔内壁摩擦，保证通孔尺寸精度；本发明利用摩擦热加热铆柱，无需外加热源，节约了成本；连接轴凹槽设计可一次性获得形状规整的钉头，重复性好，接头强度高，保证铆接完成后，铆柱两端的螺帽结构起到很好的轴向固定作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的C-C面剖视图。
具体实施方式
双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接技术是利用驱动装置带动两侧工具高速旋转，通过工作头端面球面凹槽与铆柱两端之间的摩擦热塑化铆柱，同时在工作头挤压力作用下使得塑化的铆柱材料填充凹槽，最终在双面形成球面钉头结构，从而实现工件的铆接连接。该铆接方法使用的是圆柱形铆钉，易于制造；铆接过程摩擦热和挤压力同时施加，避免了传统热铆先加热铆钉后插铆钉的分步式操作，操作简单，易于实现自动化；该铆接方法不需要额外的加热装置，节约成本和能耗。
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：
如图1，通过夹具8将150mm×150mm×4mm的金属工件7和10搭接固定，工作头的装夹杆2与连接轴3一体式加工，连接轴通过装夹杆连接设备本体1，装夹杆2的长度为20mm，直径为14mm，连接轴3的长度为20mm，直径为18mm，金属工件7和10为同种或者异种金属材料。
如图2，连接轴3的底面设置球面凹槽4，其球面半径为7.5mm，凹槽4底部圆半径为6mm，金属铆柱5的长度为22.8mm，直径为5.9mm，通孔6和9的直径均为6mm，且通孔6和9共轴线，铆接前将金属铆柱5插入通孔6和9中，调节两侧连接轴3至铆柱5正上方，调节下侧连接轴使其底面凹槽4顶住铆柱5，使得铆柱两端高出工件7和10表面的部分长度相等。
两侧连接轴3高速旋转，方向相反，下侧连接轴轴向位置不动，上侧连接轴快速轴向移动至底面凹槽接触铆柱5上端面，然后两侧连接轴以相同的速度轴向挤压金属铆柱5，塑化的金属铆柱5逐渐填充满凹槽，待两侧连接轴3底面与工件7和10表面接触时，连接轴轴向移开，从而在金属铆柱5的两端形成球面钉头结构，对工件7和10起到铆接固定作用。
连接轴端面与工件表面接触后停止轴向挤压运动，可通过铆接前的对刀设定坐标来实现。
实施例1
采用如图1的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置进行2024铝合金铆接连接，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)对2024铝合金上的通孔6和9的内表面以及2024铝合金铆柱5的表面进行去污处理；
(2)装夹2024铝合金板件7和10，使得通孔6和9共轴线，将连接轴3通过装夹杆2夹持在设备本体1上，调节两侧连接轴3至铆接区正上方和正下方，将铝合金铆柱5插入通孔6和9内，下连接轴底面凹槽4顶住铆柱5，调节下侧连接轴位置使得铝合金铆柱5两端高出工件7和10表面的长度均为7.4mm；
(3)两侧连接轴3以1200rpm的速度反向高速旋转，下侧连接轴轴向位置不动，上侧连接轴快速轴向下移至与铆柱5端面接触，然后两侧连接轴均以5mm/min的速度向铆接区轴向移动，铝合金铆柱5的两端与上下凹槽4摩擦，塑化的铆柱材料在凹槽挤压力作用下逐渐填充凹槽4，当两侧连接轴3的底端面与铝合金工件7和10的表面接触后，两侧连接轴3同时轴向移动远离连接区，此时在铝合金铆柱5两端形成与凹槽4形状相同的球面钉头结构，对搭接铝合金工件7和10起到铆接固定作用；
(4)待铝合金工件7和10冷却后，从工作台上取下，即完成铆接连接。
实施例2
采用如图1的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置进行T2工业纯铜和6061铝合金的铆接连接，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)对T2工业纯铜及6061铝合金的通孔6和9的内表面以及T2纯铜铆柱5的表面进行去污处理；
(2)装夹T2纯铜板7和6061铝合金10，使得通孔6和9共轴线，将连接轴3通过装夹杆2夹持在设备本体1上，调节两侧连接轴3至铆接区正上方和正下方，将T2纯铜铆柱5插入通孔6和9内，下连接轴底面凹槽4顶住铆柱5，调节下侧连接轴位置使得纯铜铆柱5两端高出工件7和10表面的长度均为7.4mm；
(3)两侧连接轴3以1300rpm的速度反向高速旋转，下侧连接轴轴向位置不动，上侧连接轴快速轴向下移至与纯铜铆柱5端面接触，然后两侧连接轴3均以2mm/min的速度向铆接区轴向移动，纯铜铆柱5的两端与上下凹槽4摩擦，塑化的铆柱材料在凹槽挤压力作用下逐渐填充凹槽4，当两侧连接轴3的底端面与T2纯铜工件7和6061铝合金工件10的表面接触后，两侧连接轴3同时轴向移动远离连接区，此时在纯铜铆柱5两端形成与凹槽4形状相同的球面钉头结构，对搭接T2纯铜板7和6061铝合金板10起到铆接固定作用；
(4)待T2纯铜板7和6061铝合金板10冷却后，从工作台上取下，即完成铆接连接。
实施例3
采用如图1的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置进行304不锈钢铆接连接，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)对304不锈钢上的通孔6和9的内表面以及304不锈钢铆柱5的表面进行去污处理；
(2)装夹304不锈钢工件7和10，使得通孔6和9共轴线，将连接轴3通过装夹杆2夹持在设备本体1上，调节两侧连接轴3至铆接区正上方和正下方，将304不锈钢铆柱5插入通孔6和9内，下连接轴底面凹槽4顶住铆柱5，调节下侧连接轴位置使得不锈钢铆柱5两端高出工件7和10表面的长度均为7.4mm；
(3)两侧连接轴3以1800rpm的速度反向高速旋转，下侧连接轴轴向位置不动，上侧连接轴快速轴向下移至与不锈钢铆柱5端面接触，然后两侧连接轴3均以2.5mm/min的速度向铆接区轴向移动，不锈钢铆柱5的两端与上下凹槽4摩擦，塑化的铆柱材料在凹槽挤压力作用下逐渐填充凹槽4，当两侧连接轴3的底端面与不锈钢工件7和10的表面接触后，两侧连接轴3同时轴向移动远离连接区，此时在不锈钢铆柱5两端形成与凹槽4形状相同的球面钉头结构，对搭接304不锈钢工件7和10起到铆接固定作用；
(4)待不锈钢工件7和10冷却后，从工作台上取下，即完成铆接连接。
实施例4
采用如图1的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置进行316L不锈钢和TC4钛合金铆接连接，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)对316L不锈钢和TC4钛合金的通孔6和9的内表面以及316L不锈钢铆柱5的表面进行去污处理；
(2)装夹316L不锈钢工件7和TC4钛合金工件10，使得通孔6和9共轴线，将连接轴3通过装夹杆2夹持在设备本体1上，调节两侧连接轴3至铆接区正上方和正下方，将316L不锈钢铆柱5插入通孔6和9内，下连接轴底面凹槽4顶住铆柱5，调节下侧连接轴位置使得不锈钢铆柱5两端高出工件7和10表面的长度均为7.4mm；
(3)两侧连接轴3以2000rpm的速度反向高速旋转，下侧连接轴轴向位置不动，上侧连接轴快速轴向下移至与316L不锈钢铆柱5端面接触，然后两侧连接轴3均以3mm/min的速度向铆接区轴向移动，不锈钢铆柱5的两端与上下凹槽4摩擦，塑化的铆柱材料在凹槽挤压力作用下逐渐填充凹槽4，当两侧连接轴3的底端面与316L不锈钢工件7和TC4钛合金工件10的表面接触后，两侧连接轴3同时轴向移动远离连接区，此时在不锈钢铆柱5两端形成与凹槽4形状相同的球面钉头结构，对搭接316L不锈钢工件7和TC4钛合金工件10起到铆接固定作用；
(4)待316L不锈钢工件7和TC4钛合金工件10冷却后，从工作台上取下，即完成铆 接连接。
实施例5
采用如图1的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置进行AZ91D镁合金铆接连接，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)对AZ91D镁合金上的通孔6和9的内表面以及AZ91D镁合金铆柱5的表面进行去污处理；
(2)装夹AZ91D镁合金工件7和10，使得通孔6和9共轴线，将连接轴3通过装夹杆2夹持在设备本体1上，调节两侧连接轴3至铆接区正上方和正下方，将AZ91D镁合金铆柱5插入通孔6和9内，下连接轴底面凹槽4顶住铆柱5，调节下侧连接轴位置使得镁合金铆柱5两端高出工件7和10表面的长度均为7.4mm；
(3)两侧连接轴3以1500rpm的速度反向高速旋转，下侧连接轴轴向位置不动，上侧连接轴快速轴向下移至与AZ91D镁合金铆柱5端面接触，然后两侧连接轴3均以4mm/min的速度向铆接区轴向移动，镁合金铆柱5的两端与上下凹槽4摩擦，塑化的铆柱材料在凹槽挤压力作用下逐渐填充凹槽4，当两侧连接轴3的底端面与AZ91D镁合金工件7和10的表面接触后，两侧连接轴3同时轴向移动远离连接区，此时在镁合金铆柱5两端形成与凹槽4形状相同的球面钉头结构，对搭接AZ91D镁合金工件7和10起到铆接固定作用；
(4)待AZ91D镁合金工件7和10冷却后，从工作台上取下，即完成铆接连接。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种等同变换，这些等同变换均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其特征在于：包括夹具、第一工作头和第二工作头，及设备本体，
    夹具用于使第一工件和第二工件搭接固定，且使第一工件上的圆形通孔和第二工件上的圆形通孔共轴线，其中第一工件和第二工件上的圆形通孔具有相等孔径，供圆柱形铆柱穿设；
    第一工作头和第二工作头分别设置在搭接固定的第一和第二工件两侧，均包括装夹杆和连接轴，装夹杆一端与设备本体可操作地相连，装夹杆的另一端与连接轴的一端固定连接，使第一和第二工作头的连接轴同轴相向排列，且连接轴自由端的相向端面设置有凹槽；
    所述设备本体用于驱动和控制装夹杆进行旋转运动和位移，从而使连接轴与工件通孔的轴线同轴，且使连接轴由两侧对圆柱形铆柱进行摩擦挤压，最终在第一工件和第二工件的外侧形成球面钉头结构，实现第一工件和第二工件的铆接固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其特征在于：所述凹槽为球面凹槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其特征在于：所述球面凹槽的尺寸相同。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其特征在于：所述球面凹槽的球面半径是通孔半径的2.5倍，球面凹槽与连接轴交互圆直径是通孔直径的2倍。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其特征在于：所述装夹杆和连接轴为一体式加工。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置，其特征在于：所述设备本体驱动第一工作头和第二工作头的装夹杆，从而使相应连接轴进行反向旋转运动，且转速相等。
  7. 一种利用权利要求1所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接装置的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    (a)对第一工件上的圆形通孔和第二工件上的圆形通孔的内表面以及圆柱形铆柱的表面进行去污处理；
    (b)装夹第一工件和第二工件，使得第一工件通孔和第二工件通孔共轴线，将圆柱形铆柱插入第一工件通孔和第二工件通孔内，调节第一工作头和第二工作头的连接轴与第一工件和第二工件的相对位置，使连接轴与第一工件通孔和第二工件通孔的轴线同轴，调节第一工作头和第二工作头中的一者的连接轴使其凹槽顶住圆柱形铆柱一端，使得圆柱形铆柱两端突出第一工件和第二工件表面的部分的体积与相应侧连接轴的凹槽体积相对应；
    (c)使两侧连接轴以相反方向、相同转速旋转，所述凹槽顶住圆柱形铆柱一端的连接轴轴向位置保持不变，另一侧连接轴轴向移动至与圆柱形铆柱另一端接触，然后两侧连接轴以相同的轴向速度相向移动，摩擦挤压圆柱形铆柱的两端，当两侧连接轴的端面分别与第一工件和第二工件的表面接触时，两侧连接轴同时轴向移动远离工件，此时在圆柱形铆柱两端形成与凹槽形状相同的球面钉头结构，对第一工件和第二工件起到铆接固定作用；
    (d)待第一工件和第二工件冷却后，即完成铆接连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤(b)中圆柱形铆柱两端突出第一工件和第二工件表面的部分的体积为相应侧连接轴的凹槽体积的1.1倍。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤(b)中圆柱形铆柱两端突出第一工件和第二工件表面的部分的体积相等。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的双面旋转摩擦挤压铆接方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(c)中的连接轴旋转速度为1000-2000rpm，下压速度为1-5mm/min。
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